Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) is a newly identified member of the coronavirus family that has caused the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. This rapidly evolving and unrelenting...Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) is a newly identified member of the coronavirus family that has caused the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. This rapidly evolving and unrelenting SARS-CoV-2has disrupted the lives and livelihoods of millions worldwide. As of 23 August 2021, a total of 211,373,303 COVID-19cases have been confirmed globally with a death toll of 4,424,341. A strong understanding of the infection pathway of SARS-CoV-2, and how our immune system responds to the virus is highly pertinent for guiding the development and improvement of effective treatments. In this review, we discuss the current understanding of neutralising antibodies(NAbs) and their implications in clinical practice. The aspects include the pathophysiology of the immune response,particularly humoral adaptive immunity and the roles of NAbs from B cells in infection clearance. We summarise the onset and persistence of IgA, IgM and IgG antibodies, and we explore their roles in neutralising SARS-CoV-2, their persistence in convalescent individuals, and in reinfection. Furthermore, we also review the applications of neutralising antibodies in the clinical setting—from predictors of disease severity to serological testing to vaccinations, and finally in therapeutics such as convalescent plasma infusion.展开更多
Repurposing existing drugs to inhibit SARS-CoV-2 infection in airway epithelial cells(AECs)is a quick way to find novel treatments for COVID-19.Computational screening has found dicoumarol(DCM),a natural anticoagulant...Repurposing existing drugs to inhibit SARS-CoV-2 infection in airway epithelial cells(AECs)is a quick way to find novel treatments for COVID-19.Computational screening has found dicoumarol(DCM),a natural anticoagulant,to be a potential SARS-CoV-2 inhibitor,but its inhibitory effects and possible working mechanisms remain unknown.Using air-liquid interface culture of primary human AECs.展开更多
基金supported by the National Medical Research Council,Singapore (NMRC COVID19RF2-0002)。
文摘Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) is a newly identified member of the coronavirus family that has caused the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. This rapidly evolving and unrelenting SARS-CoV-2has disrupted the lives and livelihoods of millions worldwide. As of 23 August 2021, a total of 211,373,303 COVID-19cases have been confirmed globally with a death toll of 4,424,341. A strong understanding of the infection pathway of SARS-CoV-2, and how our immune system responds to the virus is highly pertinent for guiding the development and improvement of effective treatments. In this review, we discuss the current understanding of neutralising antibodies(NAbs) and their implications in clinical practice. The aspects include the pathophysiology of the immune response,particularly humoral adaptive immunity and the roles of NAbs from B cells in infection clearance. We summarise the onset and persistence of IgA, IgM and IgG antibodies, and we explore their roles in neutralising SARS-CoV-2, their persistence in convalescent individuals, and in reinfection. Furthermore, we also review the applications of neutralising antibodies in the clinical setting—from predictors of disease severity to serological testing to vaccinations, and finally in therapeutics such as convalescent plasma infusion.
基金The authors would like to thank the study participants who donated their samples for the advancement of scientific knowledge.The authors would also like to thank Dr.Jennie Wong(from the Medical and Scientific Communication,Research Support Unit,Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine,National University of Singapore,Singapore)for assistance in the language editing of this manuscript.This work was supported by The National High-Level Talents Program(X.X.T.),Local Innovative and Research Teams Project of Guangdong Pearl River Talents Program(2017BT01S155)Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health Open Project(X.X.T.)+2 种基金the Postdoctoral Science Foundation of China(2022M710897,Y.P.)the Postdoctoral Startup Foundation of Guangzhou City(Y.P.)Zhongnanshan Medical Foundation of Guangdong Province(ZNSA-2020013,Z.Q.Z.).
文摘Repurposing existing drugs to inhibit SARS-CoV-2 infection in airway epithelial cells(AECs)is a quick way to find novel treatments for COVID-19.Computational screening has found dicoumarol(DCM),a natural anticoagulant,to be a potential SARS-CoV-2 inhibitor,but its inhibitory effects and possible working mechanisms remain unknown.Using air-liquid interface culture of primary human AECs.
