Lignin extraction from bark can maximize the utilization of biomass waste,offer cost-effectiveness,and promote environmental friendliness when employed as an adhesive material in bark particleboard production.Particle...Lignin extraction from bark can maximize the utilization of biomass waste,offer cost-effectiveness,and promote environmental friendliness when employed as an adhesive material in bark particleboard production.Particles of fine(0.2 to 1.0 mm),medium(1.0 to 2.5 mm),and coarse(2.5 to 12.0 mm)sizes,derived from the bark of Leucaena leucocephala,were hot-pressed using a heating plate at 175℃for 7 min to create single-layer particleboards measuring 320 mm×320 mm×10 mm,targeting a density of 700 kg/m^(3).Subsequently,the samples were trimmed and conditioned at 20℃and 65%relative humidity.In this study,we compared bark particleboard bonded with urea formaldehyde(UF)adhesive to fine-sized particleboard bonded with demethylated lignin adhesive.The results indicated that bark particleboards utilizing demethylated lignin and UF adhesives exhibited similar qualities.Coarse particleboard showed differences in modulus of elasticity(MOE)and modulus of rupture(MOR),while medium-sized particles exhibited significant variations in moisture content(MC)and water absorption(WA).Furthermore,the thickness swelling of coarse and medium-sized particles under wet and oven-dried conditions exhibited notable distinctions.Overall,the demethylated lignin adhesive extracted from L.leucocephala bark demonstrated similar quality to UF adhesive,with particle size correlating inversely to the strength of the bark particleboard.展开更多
This research examined the impact of various comparative preparation methods on enhanced physicochemical,and structural properties of bio-calcium(BC)from hybrid catfish bone.Raw hybrid catfish bones(RB)were used to ma...This research examined the impact of various comparative preparation methods on enhanced physicochemical,and structural properties of bio-calcium(BC)from hybrid catfish bone.Raw hybrid catfish bones(RB)were used to make bio-calcium in four steps.High-pressure water jet processing produced washed bone(WB),soaking the bone in an alkaline solution to remove proteins(PR),immersing it in ethanol to remove lipids(LR),then bleaching,and grinding it to make bio-calcium powder.The BC had greater lightness values(L*)(p<0.05),and contained significant calcium,and phosphorus.The SDS-PAGE showed three significant protein bands with molecular weights of 250,133,and 116 kDa.The crystalline structure of hydroxyapatite in BC was confirmed using X-ray diffraction(XRD),and Fourier transform infrared(FT-IR)spectroscopy.The percentage of crystallinity of BC had a notable rise,increasing from the RB to BC of 36.25%-45.32%.The BC powder exhibited a consistent distribution of particle sizes,ranging from 2 to 10μm.Additionally,the analysis of elemental profiles,and mappings using scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy(SEM-EDS)revealed that BC exhibits a significant concentration of calcium,and phosphorus.BC showed superior%bioavailability of calcium(18.94%)in an in vitro simulated gastrointestinal system(GIMs)compared to RB(10.58%),and calcium carbonate(11.19%).Hence,the BC production process proved to be a viable method for acquiring premium-grade BC,which holds potential for further development as a calcium dietary supplement.展开更多
基金the financial support provided by UMS Great(GUG0217-1/2018),which played a crucial role in the completion of this study.
文摘Lignin extraction from bark can maximize the utilization of biomass waste,offer cost-effectiveness,and promote environmental friendliness when employed as an adhesive material in bark particleboard production.Particles of fine(0.2 to 1.0 mm),medium(1.0 to 2.5 mm),and coarse(2.5 to 12.0 mm)sizes,derived from the bark of Leucaena leucocephala,were hot-pressed using a heating plate at 175℃for 7 min to create single-layer particleboards measuring 320 mm×320 mm×10 mm,targeting a density of 700 kg/m^(3).Subsequently,the samples were trimmed and conditioned at 20℃and 65%relative humidity.In this study,we compared bark particleboard bonded with urea formaldehyde(UF)adhesive to fine-sized particleboard bonded with demethylated lignin adhesive.The results indicated that bark particleboards utilizing demethylated lignin and UF adhesives exhibited similar qualities.Coarse particleboard showed differences in modulus of elasticity(MOE)and modulus of rupture(MOR),while medium-sized particles exhibited significant variations in moisture content(MC)and water absorption(WA).Furthermore,the thickness swelling of coarse and medium-sized particles under wet and oven-dried conditions exhibited notable distinctions.Overall,the demethylated lignin adhesive extracted from L.leucocephala bark demonstrated similar quality to UF adhesive,with particle size correlating inversely to the strength of the bark particleboard.
基金The financial support for this research was provided by the Research and Researchers for Industries project(RRI)under the Thailand Research Fund(TRF)for contract No.MSD62I0062.
文摘This research examined the impact of various comparative preparation methods on enhanced physicochemical,and structural properties of bio-calcium(BC)from hybrid catfish bone.Raw hybrid catfish bones(RB)were used to make bio-calcium in four steps.High-pressure water jet processing produced washed bone(WB),soaking the bone in an alkaline solution to remove proteins(PR),immersing it in ethanol to remove lipids(LR),then bleaching,and grinding it to make bio-calcium powder.The BC had greater lightness values(L*)(p<0.05),and contained significant calcium,and phosphorus.The SDS-PAGE showed three significant protein bands with molecular weights of 250,133,and 116 kDa.The crystalline structure of hydroxyapatite in BC was confirmed using X-ray diffraction(XRD),and Fourier transform infrared(FT-IR)spectroscopy.The percentage of crystallinity of BC had a notable rise,increasing from the RB to BC of 36.25%-45.32%.The BC powder exhibited a consistent distribution of particle sizes,ranging from 2 to 10μm.Additionally,the analysis of elemental profiles,and mappings using scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy(SEM-EDS)revealed that BC exhibits a significant concentration of calcium,and phosphorus.BC showed superior%bioavailability of calcium(18.94%)in an in vitro simulated gastrointestinal system(GIMs)compared to RB(10.58%),and calcium carbonate(11.19%).Hence,the BC production process proved to be a viable method for acquiring premium-grade BC,which holds potential for further development as a calcium dietary supplement.
