At the point of death,a human being only has had the experience of nonexistence before birth and the experience of having lived his/her life after they were born.In the final analysis from the perspective of strict em...At the point of death,a human being only has had the experience of nonexistence before birth and the experience of having lived his/her life after they were born.In the final analysis from the perspective of strict empiricism,the individual only has two options:the nonexistence before birth or the eventual reliving of one’s life.The return of one’s life is supported by the paradigm of a multiverse and an antimatter universe.This is atheism’s logical certainty.展开更多
Exploring the concept of death within Judaism may seem audacious,yet it is encouraged by the tradition of inquiry intrinsic to Jewish thought.Despite the caution urged by rabbinic authorities,Jewish texts ranging from...Exploring the concept of death within Judaism may seem audacious,yet it is encouraged by the tradition of inquiry intrinsic to Jewish thought.Despite the caution urged by rabbinic authorities,Jewish texts ranging from the Torah to mystical writings offer rich perspectives on death,the soul,and the afterlife.This article examines how death is represented in Jewish belief and practice,considering diverse expressions from ritual law,poetic literature,Kabbalistic cosmology,and esoteric traditions.Emphasis is placed on ritual practices,mourning customs,and metaphysical understandings of the soul,including Sheol,Gehenna,and Eden.The evolution of these beliefs is explored through rabbinic,mystical,and popular sources,across historical and cultural contexts.展开更多
Based on the Many Worlds Interpretation,I describe reality as a multilayer spacetime,where parallel layers play the role of alternative timelines.I link physics to ethics,arguing that one’s moral choices shape one’s...Based on the Many Worlds Interpretation,I describe reality as a multilayer spacetime,where parallel layers play the role of alternative timelines.I link physics to ethics,arguing that one’s moral choices shape one’s course in the multiverse.I consider one’s ethical decisions as decoherence events,leading to movement between alternative timelines,lighter(higher)or heavier(lower)realities.Sometimes in one’s curvilinear path in spacetime,one can even experience falling toward lower layers,slipping through wormholes.This theory supports free will and the simulation hypothesis.With this background,I explore the idea that a new theory of gravity might open new possibilities to shape matter and change our worldview through the invention of new technology,transforming information into waves and then into solid matter,paving the way for a new Multiverse Aeon for humanity.展开更多
The evolution of human societal systems rarely manifests qualitative leaps or revolutionary transformations.More commonly observed are subtle,cumulative evolutionary processes characterized by smooth transitions of in...The evolution of human societal systems rarely manifests qualitative leaps or revolutionary transformations.More commonly observed are subtle,cumulative evolutionary processes characterized by smooth transitions of incremental developments.Such evolutionary trajectories can generally be described through quantitative change patterns within societal systems.Yet,what constitutes sustainable development in human society?How might sustainable development be articulated or operationalized?The Three Chains Theory under the framework of System Exchange Theory provides a preliminary exploration and analysis of these questions,offering tentative interpretations.展开更多
During the past few decades, it has become clear that the distribution, sizes, and masses of cosmic structures are best described as fractal rather than homogeneous. This means that an entirely different formalism is ...During the past few decades, it has become clear that the distribution, sizes, and masses of cosmic structures are best described as fractal rather than homogeneous. This means that an entirely different formalism is needed to replace the standard perturbation model of structure formation. Recently, we have been developing a model of cosmology that accounts for a large number of the observed properties of the universe. A key component of this model is that fractal structures that later regulated the creation of both matter and radiation came into existence during the initial Planck-era inflation. Initially, the vacuum was the only existence and since time, distance, and energy were uncertain, its only property, the curvature (or energy), was most likely distributed randomly. Everything that happened after the Planck era can be described by the known laws of physics so the remaining fundamental problem is to discover how such a random beginning could organize itself into the hierarchy of highly non-random self-similar structures on all length scales that are necessary to explain the existence of all cosmic structures. In this paper, we present a variation of the standard sandpile model that points to a solution. Incidental to our review of the distributions of cosmic structures, we discovered that the apparent transition from a fractal to a homogeneous distribution of structures at a distance of about 150 Mpc is a consequence of the finite size of the universe rather than a change in the underlying statistics of the distributions.展开更多
The traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)industry is critical to not only for public health but also for economic growth.According to the European Union(EU)directives,under the EU framework for(traditional)herbal medicina...The traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)industry is critical to not only for public health but also for economic growth.According to the European Union(EU)directives,under the EU framework for(traditional)herbal medicinal products,herbal medicines with long history of use can be registered in EU.However,there is a condition in this directive in which only those that have at least 10e15 years in the EU market are accepted for registration and/or marketing authorization.In author opinion,the condition of 10-15 years of use in EU countries set within the EU regulatory framework is with consideration of the genetic differences which can result in variation in adverse drug responses among different world populations.With this concept in mind,it is reasonable to project the principal of the EU directive to the Asian countries where TCM is originated.Countries like China,Singapore,Japan and South Korea that have well established drug registration framework are in best position in executing the best practice and facilitate harmonization of registration for TCM within the region.Furthermore,the registration process itself allows more safety and efficacy data to be collected systemically before and after product registration/marketing authorization.These are valuable information for future drug development.The therapeutic value of TCM is limitless,it has been left out in the EU regulatory framework,and the opportunity for it to be expanded and carried forward in modern medicines is shadowed by the limited number of TCM that are qualified to be registered under the EU regulatory framework.An early establishment of a harmonized risk-based registration process for TCM in Asian countries is important.This will strengthen the database to substantiate the history of safe use and further preserving and expanding the therapeutic values of TCM within and beyond the Asian region.展开更多
Security issues in cloud networks and edge computing have become very common. This research focuses on analyzing such issues and developing the best solutions. A detailed literature review has been conducted in this r...Security issues in cloud networks and edge computing have become very common. This research focuses on analyzing such issues and developing the best solutions. A detailed literature review has been conducted in this regard. The findings have shown that many challenges are linked to edge computing, such as privacy concerns, security breaches, high costs, low efficiency, etc. Therefore, there is a need to implement proper security measures to overcome these issues. Using emerging trends, like machine learning, encryption, artificial intelligence, real-time monitoring, etc., can help mitigate security issues. They can also develop a secure and safe future in cloud computing. It was concluded that the security implications of edge computing can easily be covered with the help of new technologies and techniques.展开更多
Monitoring temporal changes in sea level is important in assessing coastal risk.Sea level anomalies at a tide gauge station,if kinematically conceived,include systematic variations such as trend,acceleration,periodic ...Monitoring temporal changes in sea level is important in assessing coastal risk.Sea level anomalies at a tide gauge station,if kinematically conceived,include systematic variations such as trend,acceleration,periodic oscillations,and random disturbances.Among them,the non-stationary nature of the random sea level variations of known or unknown origin at coastal regions has been long recognized by the sea level community.This study proposes the analyses of subgroups of random residual statistics of a rigorously formulated kinematic model solution of tide gauge variations using X-bar and S control charts.The approach is demonstrated using Key West,Florida tide gauge records.The mean and standard errors of 5-year-long subgroups of the residuals revealed that sea level changes at this location have been progressively intensifying from 1913 to the present.Increasing oscillations in sea level at this locality may be attributed partly to the thermal expansion of seawater with increasing temperatures causing larger buoyancy-related sea level fluctuations as well as the intensification of atmospheric events including wind patterns and the impact of changes in inverted barometer effects that will alter coastal risk assessments for the future.展开更多
The“University”proposes the proposition of“investigating things to acquire knowledge”,presenting the rudimentary form of Chinese philosophical epistemology.Over the following 2,500 years,it has undergone numerous ...The“University”proposes the proposition of“investigating things to acquire knowledge”,presenting the rudimentary form of Chinese philosophical epistemology.Over the following 2,500 years,it has undergone numerous debates on the relationship between knowledge and action;however,no philosopher has developed a comprehensive epistemological system that explores the nature,source,formation,application,truth,testing,structure of human knowledge,as well as the relationship between language and thinking.The concept of“know”in the philosophy of“investigating things to attain knowledge”is equivalent to concepts such as“idea”and“meaning”in Western philosophy.However,the cognitive state of“know”has not been fully explored and expanded upon,nor has the distinction between empirical and rational recognition of“know”been made.Confucianism advocated the“learning”of language communication as one of the ways to acquire knowledge,but it failed to evolve a method of using language to conduct formal logical reasoning to acquire knowledge and test truth.The“eight trigrams”deduction and yin-yang and five elements theory in the“I Ching”have stifled the emergence of modern scientific epistemological methods in China in terms of thinking mode.Confucian epistemology:focuses on“reason”and interpersonal relationships,with an emphasis on the establishment of moral ethics and social order.Taoist epistemology:pursues a realm beyond experience and social conventions,understanding the world through introspection and insight;it focuses on grasping“Tao”,providing vague guidance for determining universal truths and acquiring precise knowledge;it is prone to falling into the dilemma of nihilism and relativism.The concept of unity between heaven and man and unity between knowledge and action has led to the lack of differentiation in Chinese philosophical epistemology regarding the study of the relationship between subject and object,not involving the way in which the subject understands the object,the limitations of understanding,and the interaction between subject and object in the process of understanding.展开更多
This paper applies Gödel’s Incompleteness Theorems to the evolution and development of human social systems.Although Gödel’s Incompleteness Theorems originated in the field of mathematics,their influence h...This paper applies Gödel’s Incompleteness Theorems to the evolution and development of human social systems.Although Gödel’s Incompleteness Theorems originated in the field of mathematics,their influence has long extended beyond mathematics,making an impact on philosophy,systems science,and the humanities and social sciences.The paper analyzes the autonomy and completeness of human social systems,arguing that evolving human societies are generally self-consistent.However,if the completeness of a human social system is compromised,the system either maintains self-consistency,ceases to evolve forward,enters a death spiral,and eventually decays and disintegrates.Or the system addresses the completeness issue,enters a state of non-self-consistency,introduces new axioms,becomes self-governing again,and enters a new form.From the sociological perspective,this is articulated as social revolution-the system continues to evolve forward;the absence of social revolution-the system does not evolve forward(Jin,1988).展开更多
Confucianism and Daoism share the same origin in Chinese philosophy.The Huang-Lao school,which emerged during the early Han dynasty,produced two branches:Confucianism and Daoism.This school used Chinese society as a l...Confucianism and Daoism share the same origin in Chinese philosophy.The Huang-Lao school,which emerged during the early Han dynasty,produced two branches:Confucianism and Daoism.This school used Chinese society as a laboratory for social science experiments based on The Book of Changes(Yijing)and Laozi,aiming to establish a universal society based on the ideal of“great unity”(datong).展开更多
Based on the two roots of“to be”in Indo-European languages,this paper proposes that Brahman,Buddha,and bhutatathata all come from the second root,of“bhu(to be)”,because“bhu”belongs to the same root as the Greek ...Based on the two roots of“to be”in Indo-European languages,this paper proposes that Brahman,Buddha,and bhutatathata all come from the second root,of“bhu(to be)”,because“bhu”belongs to the same root as the Greek root“phy”,physis from“phy”,is naturalism.Therefore,Brahma,Buddha,and bhutatathata are all knowledge related to natural science.The first root of“as(to be)”has led to the debate in buddhist philosophy about the asmiti and anasmiti.The spread of Buddhist philosophy in China is due to the lack of“as/bhu(to be)”,vocabulary and grammar in Chinese;as a result,the Buddhist verses translated in ancient China became a philosophy without“as/bhu(to be)”.At the same time,some Buddhist words have lost their connection with the root and the grammatical features of“as/bhu(to be)”,resulting in the spread of Buddhist philosophy in China having been into a language game.We should put Buddhist philosophy back into the Indo-European language family;it transforms the Buddhist philosophy of speaking ancient Chinese into the Buddhist modern philosophical language,and makes Buddhist philosophy develop into a set of understandable and logical normative philosophy.展开更多
Cloud computing plays a significant role in modern information technology, providing organizations with numerous benefits, including flexibility, scalability, and cost-efficiency. However, it has become essential for ...Cloud computing plays a significant role in modern information technology, providing organizations with numerous benefits, including flexibility, scalability, and cost-efficiency. However, it has become essential for organizations to ensure the security of their applications, data, and cloud-based networks to use cloud services effectively. This systematic literature review aims to determine the latest information regarding cloud computing security, with a specific emphasis on threats and mitigation strategies. Additionally, it highlights some common threats related to cloud computing security, such as distributed denial-of-service (DDoS) attacks, account hijacking, malware attacks, and data breaches. This research also explores some mitigation strategies, including security awareness training, vulnerability management, security information and event management (SIEM), identity and access management (IAM), and encryption techniques. It discusses emerging trends in cloud security, such as integrating artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML), serverless computing, and containerization, as well as the effectiveness of the shared responsibility model and its related challenges. The importance of user awareness and the impact of emerging technologies on cloud security have also been discussed in detail to mitigate security risks. A literature review of previous research and scholarly articles has also been conducted to provide insights regarding cloud computing security. It shows the need for continuous research and innovation to address emerging threats and maintain a security-conscious culture in the company.展开更多
The content of current third-wave feminism differs significantly from that of previous feminist movements,which sought equal human and civil rights for women.In third-wave feminism,gender is primarily understood as a ...The content of current third-wave feminism differs significantly from that of previous feminist movements,which sought equal human and civil rights for women.In third-wave feminism,gender is primarily understood as a social category that is linguistically constructed.The now classic work Gender Trouble(1990)by philosopher Judith Butler is decisive for this“linguistic turn”in the social sciences.However,Butler’s work is systematically based on two philosophical traditions that are already highly controversial in themselves:sophism and existentialism,linked to a pre-modern magical worldview.The following essay is a critique of these lines of tradition,followed by the question of the extent to which they can serve citizens of an enlightened society in naming and constructively addressing actual social grievances.展开更多
The three-dimensional(3D)cell culture system has garnered significant attention in recent years as a means of studying cell behavior and tissue development,as opposed to traditional two-dimensional cultures.These syst...The three-dimensional(3D)cell culture system has garnered significant attention in recent years as a means of studying cell behavior and tissue development,as opposed to traditional two-dimensional cultures.These systems can induce specific cell reactions,promote specific tissue functions,and serve as valuable tools for research in tissue engineering,regenerative medicine,and drug discovery.This paper discusses current developments in the field of three-dimensional cell culture and the potential applications of 3D type 1 collagen gels to enhance the growth and maturation of dendritic cells.展开更多
Nanobiomaterials demonstrate great potential in bone and dental tissue regeneration.These materials mimic the natural extracellular matrix in the human body,promoting the controlled release of growth factors and other...Nanobiomaterials demonstrate great potential in bone and dental tissue regeneration.These materials mimic the natural extracellular matrix in the human body,promoting the controlled release of growth factors and other bioactive molecules to enhance tissue regeneration and integration.Nanobioceramics mimic the structure and composition of natural bone.A major challenge in hard tissue healing is creating scaffolds that incorporate stem cells for bone tissue engineering.Scaffolds and implants for regenerative medicine should be designed using computer-aided design(CAD)and three-dimensional(3D)printing to replicate the tissue's anatomical structure.Future studies should examine the relationship between the size of bioceramics and biological reactions.The more interacting nature of nanoceramics better triggers the cellular processes,facilitating the regeneration of calcified tissue.Osteoblasts and osteoclasts are crucial in the development and maintenance of calcified tissue in vivo,and nanoceramics enhance the functionality of orthopedic and dental implants.展开更多
The higher concentration of PM_(10) and PM_(2.5) in the lower atmosphere is severely harmful for human health and it also makes visibility diminution along with weather and climate modifications.The main objective is ...The higher concentration of PM_(10) and PM_(2.5) in the lower atmosphere is severely harmful for human health and it also makes visibility diminution along with weather and climate modifications.The main objective is to find out the spatiotemporal variation and dispersal of PM_(10) and PM_(2.5) along with COVID-19 infection in the dusty city Kolkata.The consecutive two years PM_(10) and PM_(2.5) data of different stations have been obtained from State Pollution Control Board,Govt.of West Bengal.Forward trajectory analysis has been done through HYSPLIT(Hybrid Single Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory)model to find the path and direction of air particles.The result showed that the various meteorological or environmental factors(such as temperature,relative humidity,wind,wind speed,pressure and gusty wind)and geographical location regulate the spatiotemporal variation of PM_(10) and PM_(2.5).These factors like high temperature with relative humidity and strong wind influence to disperse the particulate matters from north to south direction from city to outside during summer in Kolkata metropolitan city.During summer(both pre and lockdown years),the height of particles is extended up to 1000 m owing to active atmospheric ventilation whereas in winter it is confined within 100 m.The HYSPLIT model clearly specified that the particles dispersed from south,south-west to north and north east direction due to strong wind.The constant magnification of PM_(10) and PM_(2.5) in the lower atmosphere leads to greater frequency of COVID-19 infections and deaths.In Kolkata,the one of the crucial reasons of high infection and deaths(COVID-19)is co-morbidity of people.展开更多
The importance of irrigation development is considered a key factor for food security and poverty reduction because it improves crop productivity,and ensures stable expansion of agricultural production.However,irrigat...The importance of irrigation development is considered a key factor for food security and poverty reduction because it improves crop productivity,and ensures stable expansion of agricultural production.However,irrigation development requires understanding of the avail-able resources including the suitability of the land for agriculture.In this study,the land suitability for paddy fields was evaluated within the United Republic of Tanzania mainland by integrating the geographic information system(GIS)and analytical hierarchy process(AHP).In this study,11 criteria based on various sources(soil type,soil drainage,soil organic carbon,soil pH,soil depth,elevation,slope,land use,topographic wetness index,temperature,and precipitation)were used.These criteria were used within the GIS-based AHP to identify the most suitable land for sustainable paddy field cultivation considering the preservation of the natural environment of forests and protected areas by examining two scenarios:rainfed condition and irrigation priority.The former ten criteria were assumed to be constant in both scenarios and were assigned the same scores,while the latter criterion(precipitation)was assigned different scores for varying amounts to plan new irrigation projects.Unsuitable land represents 72.8%of the study area,reducing the potential agriculture land(PAL)appropriate for cultivation to 27.2%.In the rainfed condition scenario,the very high and high suitability classes represent 17.6%of the total land of the study area and 64.7%of the PAL.In the irrigation priority scenario,the same classes represent 21.4%of the total land of the study area and 78.6%of the PAL.Finally,the distribution of the land suitability for both scenarios was analyzed within eight administrative irrigation zones to determine the irrigation zone with the greatest potential for paddy field cultivation.展开更多
Within the public health sector of Hong Kong(China),there is a consensus around the important role of traditional Chinese medicines.For Hong Kong(China)to play a bridging role to bring Chinese medicines to the global ...Within the public health sector of Hong Kong(China),there is a consensus around the important role of traditional Chinese medicines.For Hong Kong(China)to play a bridging role to bring Chinese medicines to the global market requires a concerted effort from the government,academic institutes and industries.The release of the final version of the European Medicines Agencies guidance document,which details the acceptance of minimum requirements to nonclinical package in bibliographical applications,grants the opportunity for well-established and traditional herbal medicines to demonstrate an‘acceptable safe’status for registration in the European Union.It is anticipated that this minimum nonclinical package can be applied to demonstrate the safe use of many traditional Chinese medicines regardless of their eligibility to be registered under the simplified procedure within the European Union.This paper conceptualizes an integration of a simplified evaluation route for eligible proprietary Chinese medicines(pCm)with long history of use into the existing drug regulatory framework in Hong Kong(China).Such integration utilizing the minimum nonclinical package,based on bibliographical data or expert report,as proof of evidence to demonstrate safety for pCm with long history of use requires less demand in scientific resources.With Hong Kong(China)conducting‘first hand’review for eligible pCm,it provides an option for overseas and local pharmaceutical companies to register their products in Hong Kong(China)without the need to rely on issuance of Certificate of Pharmaceutical Product from other countries.This could bring eligible pCm with long history of use to reach international risk-based standard and to be marketed globally as‘medicines’to reach their full therapeutic potential.An important process to positioning Hong Kong(China)to compete with other countries in promoting importation and exportation of pCm to better serve the global health.展开更多
In a previous, primary treatise of the author the mathematical description of electron trajectories in the excited states of the H-atom could be demonstrated, starting from Bohr’s original model but modifying it thre...In a previous, primary treatise of the author the mathematical description of electron trajectories in the excited states of the H-atom could be demonstrated, starting from Bohr’s original model but modifying it three dimensionally. In a subsequent treatise, Bohr’s theorem of an unalterable angular momentum h/2π, determining the ground state of the H-atom, was revealed as an inducement by the—unalterable—electron spin. Starting from this presumption, a model of the H2-molecule could be created which exhibits well-defined electron trajectories, and which enabled computing the bond length precisely. In the present treatise, Bohr’s theorem is adapted to the atom models of helium and of neon. But while this was feasible exactly in the case of helium, the neon atom turned out to be too complex for a mathematical modelling. Nevertheless, a rough ball-and-stick model can be presented, assuming electron rings instead of electron clouds, which in the outer shell are orientated as a tetrahedron. It entails the principal statement that the neon atom does not represent a static construction with constant electron distances and velocities, but a pulsating dynamic one with permanently changing internal distances. Thus, the helium atom marks the limit for precisely describing an atom, whereby at and under this limit such a precise description is feasible, being also demonstrated in the author’s previous work. This contradicts the conventional quantum mechanical theory which claims that such a—locally and temporally—precise description of any atom or molecule structure is generally not possible, also not for the H2-molecule, and not even for the H-atom.展开更多
文摘At the point of death,a human being only has had the experience of nonexistence before birth and the experience of having lived his/her life after they were born.In the final analysis from the perspective of strict empiricism,the individual only has two options:the nonexistence before birth or the eventual reliving of one’s life.The return of one’s life is supported by the paradigm of a multiverse and an antimatter universe.This is atheism’s logical certainty.
文摘Exploring the concept of death within Judaism may seem audacious,yet it is encouraged by the tradition of inquiry intrinsic to Jewish thought.Despite the caution urged by rabbinic authorities,Jewish texts ranging from the Torah to mystical writings offer rich perspectives on death,the soul,and the afterlife.This article examines how death is represented in Jewish belief and practice,considering diverse expressions from ritual law,poetic literature,Kabbalistic cosmology,and esoteric traditions.Emphasis is placed on ritual practices,mourning customs,and metaphysical understandings of the soul,including Sheol,Gehenna,and Eden.The evolution of these beliefs is explored through rabbinic,mystical,and popular sources,across historical and cultural contexts.
文摘Based on the Many Worlds Interpretation,I describe reality as a multilayer spacetime,where parallel layers play the role of alternative timelines.I link physics to ethics,arguing that one’s moral choices shape one’s course in the multiverse.I consider one’s ethical decisions as decoherence events,leading to movement between alternative timelines,lighter(higher)or heavier(lower)realities.Sometimes in one’s curvilinear path in spacetime,one can even experience falling toward lower layers,slipping through wormholes.This theory supports free will and the simulation hypothesis.With this background,I explore the idea that a new theory of gravity might open new possibilities to shape matter and change our worldview through the invention of new technology,transforming information into waves and then into solid matter,paving the way for a new Multiverse Aeon for humanity.
文摘The evolution of human societal systems rarely manifests qualitative leaps or revolutionary transformations.More commonly observed are subtle,cumulative evolutionary processes characterized by smooth transitions of incremental developments.Such evolutionary trajectories can generally be described through quantitative change patterns within societal systems.Yet,what constitutes sustainable development in human society?How might sustainable development be articulated or operationalized?The Three Chains Theory under the framework of System Exchange Theory provides a preliminary exploration and analysis of these questions,offering tentative interpretations.
文摘During the past few decades, it has become clear that the distribution, sizes, and masses of cosmic structures are best described as fractal rather than homogeneous. This means that an entirely different formalism is needed to replace the standard perturbation model of structure formation. Recently, we have been developing a model of cosmology that accounts for a large number of the observed properties of the universe. A key component of this model is that fractal structures that later regulated the creation of both matter and radiation came into existence during the initial Planck-era inflation. Initially, the vacuum was the only existence and since time, distance, and energy were uncertain, its only property, the curvature (or energy), was most likely distributed randomly. Everything that happened after the Planck era can be described by the known laws of physics so the remaining fundamental problem is to discover how such a random beginning could organize itself into the hierarchy of highly non-random self-similar structures on all length scales that are necessary to explain the existence of all cosmic structures. In this paper, we present a variation of the standard sandpile model that points to a solution. Incidental to our review of the distributions of cosmic structures, we discovered that the apparent transition from a fractal to a homogeneous distribution of structures at a distance of about 150 Mpc is a consequence of the finite size of the universe rather than a change in the underlying statistics of the distributions.
文摘The traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)industry is critical to not only for public health but also for economic growth.According to the European Union(EU)directives,under the EU framework for(traditional)herbal medicinal products,herbal medicines with long history of use can be registered in EU.However,there is a condition in this directive in which only those that have at least 10e15 years in the EU market are accepted for registration and/or marketing authorization.In author opinion,the condition of 10-15 years of use in EU countries set within the EU regulatory framework is with consideration of the genetic differences which can result in variation in adverse drug responses among different world populations.With this concept in mind,it is reasonable to project the principal of the EU directive to the Asian countries where TCM is originated.Countries like China,Singapore,Japan and South Korea that have well established drug registration framework are in best position in executing the best practice and facilitate harmonization of registration for TCM within the region.Furthermore,the registration process itself allows more safety and efficacy data to be collected systemically before and after product registration/marketing authorization.These are valuable information for future drug development.The therapeutic value of TCM is limitless,it has been left out in the EU regulatory framework,and the opportunity for it to be expanded and carried forward in modern medicines is shadowed by the limited number of TCM that are qualified to be registered under the EU regulatory framework.An early establishment of a harmonized risk-based registration process for TCM in Asian countries is important.This will strengthen the database to substantiate the history of safe use and further preserving and expanding the therapeutic values of TCM within and beyond the Asian region.
文摘Security issues in cloud networks and edge computing have become very common. This research focuses on analyzing such issues and developing the best solutions. A detailed literature review has been conducted in this regard. The findings have shown that many challenges are linked to edge computing, such as privacy concerns, security breaches, high costs, low efficiency, etc. Therefore, there is a need to implement proper security measures to overcome these issues. Using emerging trends, like machine learning, encryption, artificial intelligence, real-time monitoring, etc., can help mitigate security issues. They can also develop a secure and safe future in cloud computing. It was concluded that the security implications of edge computing can easily be covered with the help of new technologies and techniques.
文摘Monitoring temporal changes in sea level is important in assessing coastal risk.Sea level anomalies at a tide gauge station,if kinematically conceived,include systematic variations such as trend,acceleration,periodic oscillations,and random disturbances.Among them,the non-stationary nature of the random sea level variations of known or unknown origin at coastal regions has been long recognized by the sea level community.This study proposes the analyses of subgroups of random residual statistics of a rigorously formulated kinematic model solution of tide gauge variations using X-bar and S control charts.The approach is demonstrated using Key West,Florida tide gauge records.The mean and standard errors of 5-year-long subgroups of the residuals revealed that sea level changes at this location have been progressively intensifying from 1913 to the present.Increasing oscillations in sea level at this locality may be attributed partly to the thermal expansion of seawater with increasing temperatures causing larger buoyancy-related sea level fluctuations as well as the intensification of atmospheric events including wind patterns and the impact of changes in inverted barometer effects that will alter coastal risk assessments for the future.
文摘The“University”proposes the proposition of“investigating things to acquire knowledge”,presenting the rudimentary form of Chinese philosophical epistemology.Over the following 2,500 years,it has undergone numerous debates on the relationship between knowledge and action;however,no philosopher has developed a comprehensive epistemological system that explores the nature,source,formation,application,truth,testing,structure of human knowledge,as well as the relationship between language and thinking.The concept of“know”in the philosophy of“investigating things to attain knowledge”is equivalent to concepts such as“idea”and“meaning”in Western philosophy.However,the cognitive state of“know”has not been fully explored and expanded upon,nor has the distinction between empirical and rational recognition of“know”been made.Confucianism advocated the“learning”of language communication as one of the ways to acquire knowledge,but it failed to evolve a method of using language to conduct formal logical reasoning to acquire knowledge and test truth.The“eight trigrams”deduction and yin-yang and five elements theory in the“I Ching”have stifled the emergence of modern scientific epistemological methods in China in terms of thinking mode.Confucian epistemology:focuses on“reason”and interpersonal relationships,with an emphasis on the establishment of moral ethics and social order.Taoist epistemology:pursues a realm beyond experience and social conventions,understanding the world through introspection and insight;it focuses on grasping“Tao”,providing vague guidance for determining universal truths and acquiring precise knowledge;it is prone to falling into the dilemma of nihilism and relativism.The concept of unity between heaven and man and unity between knowledge and action has led to the lack of differentiation in Chinese philosophical epistemology regarding the study of the relationship between subject and object,not involving the way in which the subject understands the object,the limitations of understanding,and the interaction between subject and object in the process of understanding.
文摘This paper applies Gödel’s Incompleteness Theorems to the evolution and development of human social systems.Although Gödel’s Incompleteness Theorems originated in the field of mathematics,their influence has long extended beyond mathematics,making an impact on philosophy,systems science,and the humanities and social sciences.The paper analyzes the autonomy and completeness of human social systems,arguing that evolving human societies are generally self-consistent.However,if the completeness of a human social system is compromised,the system either maintains self-consistency,ceases to evolve forward,enters a death spiral,and eventually decays and disintegrates.Or the system addresses the completeness issue,enters a state of non-self-consistency,introduces new axioms,becomes self-governing again,and enters a new form.From the sociological perspective,this is articulated as social revolution-the system continues to evolve forward;the absence of social revolution-the system does not evolve forward(Jin,1988).
文摘Confucianism and Daoism share the same origin in Chinese philosophy.The Huang-Lao school,which emerged during the early Han dynasty,produced two branches:Confucianism and Daoism.This school used Chinese society as a laboratory for social science experiments based on The Book of Changes(Yijing)and Laozi,aiming to establish a universal society based on the ideal of“great unity”(datong).
文摘Based on the two roots of“to be”in Indo-European languages,this paper proposes that Brahman,Buddha,and bhutatathata all come from the second root,of“bhu(to be)”,because“bhu”belongs to the same root as the Greek root“phy”,physis from“phy”,is naturalism.Therefore,Brahma,Buddha,and bhutatathata are all knowledge related to natural science.The first root of“as(to be)”has led to the debate in buddhist philosophy about the asmiti and anasmiti.The spread of Buddhist philosophy in China is due to the lack of“as/bhu(to be)”,vocabulary and grammar in Chinese;as a result,the Buddhist verses translated in ancient China became a philosophy without“as/bhu(to be)”.At the same time,some Buddhist words have lost their connection with the root and the grammatical features of“as/bhu(to be)”,resulting in the spread of Buddhist philosophy in China having been into a language game.We should put Buddhist philosophy back into the Indo-European language family;it transforms the Buddhist philosophy of speaking ancient Chinese into the Buddhist modern philosophical language,and makes Buddhist philosophy develop into a set of understandable and logical normative philosophy.
文摘Cloud computing plays a significant role in modern information technology, providing organizations with numerous benefits, including flexibility, scalability, and cost-efficiency. However, it has become essential for organizations to ensure the security of their applications, data, and cloud-based networks to use cloud services effectively. This systematic literature review aims to determine the latest information regarding cloud computing security, with a specific emphasis on threats and mitigation strategies. Additionally, it highlights some common threats related to cloud computing security, such as distributed denial-of-service (DDoS) attacks, account hijacking, malware attacks, and data breaches. This research also explores some mitigation strategies, including security awareness training, vulnerability management, security information and event management (SIEM), identity and access management (IAM), and encryption techniques. It discusses emerging trends in cloud security, such as integrating artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML), serverless computing, and containerization, as well as the effectiveness of the shared responsibility model and its related challenges. The importance of user awareness and the impact of emerging technologies on cloud security have also been discussed in detail to mitigate security risks. A literature review of previous research and scholarly articles has also been conducted to provide insights regarding cloud computing security. It shows the need for continuous research and innovation to address emerging threats and maintain a security-conscious culture in the company.
文摘The content of current third-wave feminism differs significantly from that of previous feminist movements,which sought equal human and civil rights for women.In third-wave feminism,gender is primarily understood as a social category that is linguistically constructed.The now classic work Gender Trouble(1990)by philosopher Judith Butler is decisive for this“linguistic turn”in the social sciences.However,Butler’s work is systematically based on two philosophical traditions that are already highly controversial in themselves:sophism and existentialism,linked to a pre-modern magical worldview.The following essay is a critique of these lines of tradition,followed by the question of the extent to which they can serve citizens of an enlightened society in naming and constructively addressing actual social grievances.
文摘The three-dimensional(3D)cell culture system has garnered significant attention in recent years as a means of studying cell behavior and tissue development,as opposed to traditional two-dimensional cultures.These systems can induce specific cell reactions,promote specific tissue functions,and serve as valuable tools for research in tissue engineering,regenerative medicine,and drug discovery.This paper discusses current developments in the field of three-dimensional cell culture and the potential applications of 3D type 1 collagen gels to enhance the growth and maturation of dendritic cells.
文摘Nanobiomaterials demonstrate great potential in bone and dental tissue regeneration.These materials mimic the natural extracellular matrix in the human body,promoting the controlled release of growth factors and other bioactive molecules to enhance tissue regeneration and integration.Nanobioceramics mimic the structure and composition of natural bone.A major challenge in hard tissue healing is creating scaffolds that incorporate stem cells for bone tissue engineering.Scaffolds and implants for regenerative medicine should be designed using computer-aided design(CAD)and three-dimensional(3D)printing to replicate the tissue's anatomical structure.Future studies should examine the relationship between the size of bioceramics and biological reactions.The more interacting nature of nanoceramics better triggers the cellular processes,facilitating the regeneration of calcified tissue.Osteoblasts and osteoclasts are crucial in the development and maintenance of calcified tissue in vivo,and nanoceramics enhance the functionality of orthopedic and dental implants.
文摘The higher concentration of PM_(10) and PM_(2.5) in the lower atmosphere is severely harmful for human health and it also makes visibility diminution along with weather and climate modifications.The main objective is to find out the spatiotemporal variation and dispersal of PM_(10) and PM_(2.5) along with COVID-19 infection in the dusty city Kolkata.The consecutive two years PM_(10) and PM_(2.5) data of different stations have been obtained from State Pollution Control Board,Govt.of West Bengal.Forward trajectory analysis has been done through HYSPLIT(Hybrid Single Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory)model to find the path and direction of air particles.The result showed that the various meteorological or environmental factors(such as temperature,relative humidity,wind,wind speed,pressure and gusty wind)and geographical location regulate the spatiotemporal variation of PM_(10) and PM_(2.5).These factors like high temperature with relative humidity and strong wind influence to disperse the particulate matters from north to south direction from city to outside during summer in Kolkata metropolitan city.During summer(both pre and lockdown years),the height of particles is extended up to 1000 m owing to active atmospheric ventilation whereas in winter it is confined within 100 m.The HYSPLIT model clearly specified that the particles dispersed from south,south-west to north and north east direction due to strong wind.The constant magnification of PM_(10) and PM_(2.5) in the lower atmosphere leads to greater frequency of COVID-19 infections and deaths.In Kolkata,the one of the crucial reasons of high infection and deaths(COVID-19)is co-morbidity of people.
文摘The importance of irrigation development is considered a key factor for food security and poverty reduction because it improves crop productivity,and ensures stable expansion of agricultural production.However,irrigation development requires understanding of the avail-able resources including the suitability of the land for agriculture.In this study,the land suitability for paddy fields was evaluated within the United Republic of Tanzania mainland by integrating the geographic information system(GIS)and analytical hierarchy process(AHP).In this study,11 criteria based on various sources(soil type,soil drainage,soil organic carbon,soil pH,soil depth,elevation,slope,land use,topographic wetness index,temperature,and precipitation)were used.These criteria were used within the GIS-based AHP to identify the most suitable land for sustainable paddy field cultivation considering the preservation of the natural environment of forests and protected areas by examining two scenarios:rainfed condition and irrigation priority.The former ten criteria were assumed to be constant in both scenarios and were assigned the same scores,while the latter criterion(precipitation)was assigned different scores for varying amounts to plan new irrigation projects.Unsuitable land represents 72.8%of the study area,reducing the potential agriculture land(PAL)appropriate for cultivation to 27.2%.In the rainfed condition scenario,the very high and high suitability classes represent 17.6%of the total land of the study area and 64.7%of the PAL.In the irrigation priority scenario,the same classes represent 21.4%of the total land of the study area and 78.6%of the PAL.Finally,the distribution of the land suitability for both scenarios was analyzed within eight administrative irrigation zones to determine the irrigation zone with the greatest potential for paddy field cultivation.
文摘Within the public health sector of Hong Kong(China),there is a consensus around the important role of traditional Chinese medicines.For Hong Kong(China)to play a bridging role to bring Chinese medicines to the global market requires a concerted effort from the government,academic institutes and industries.The release of the final version of the European Medicines Agencies guidance document,which details the acceptance of minimum requirements to nonclinical package in bibliographical applications,grants the opportunity for well-established and traditional herbal medicines to demonstrate an‘acceptable safe’status for registration in the European Union.It is anticipated that this minimum nonclinical package can be applied to demonstrate the safe use of many traditional Chinese medicines regardless of their eligibility to be registered under the simplified procedure within the European Union.This paper conceptualizes an integration of a simplified evaluation route for eligible proprietary Chinese medicines(pCm)with long history of use into the existing drug regulatory framework in Hong Kong(China).Such integration utilizing the minimum nonclinical package,based on bibliographical data or expert report,as proof of evidence to demonstrate safety for pCm with long history of use requires less demand in scientific resources.With Hong Kong(China)conducting‘first hand’review for eligible pCm,it provides an option for overseas and local pharmaceutical companies to register their products in Hong Kong(China)without the need to rely on issuance of Certificate of Pharmaceutical Product from other countries.This could bring eligible pCm with long history of use to reach international risk-based standard and to be marketed globally as‘medicines’to reach their full therapeutic potential.An important process to positioning Hong Kong(China)to compete with other countries in promoting importation and exportation of pCm to better serve the global health.
文摘In a previous, primary treatise of the author the mathematical description of electron trajectories in the excited states of the H-atom could be demonstrated, starting from Bohr’s original model but modifying it three dimensionally. In a subsequent treatise, Bohr’s theorem of an unalterable angular momentum h/2π, determining the ground state of the H-atom, was revealed as an inducement by the—unalterable—electron spin. Starting from this presumption, a model of the H2-molecule could be created which exhibits well-defined electron trajectories, and which enabled computing the bond length precisely. In the present treatise, Bohr’s theorem is adapted to the atom models of helium and of neon. But while this was feasible exactly in the case of helium, the neon atom turned out to be too complex for a mathematical modelling. Nevertheless, a rough ball-and-stick model can be presented, assuming electron rings instead of electron clouds, which in the outer shell are orientated as a tetrahedron. It entails the principal statement that the neon atom does not represent a static construction with constant electron distances and velocities, but a pulsating dynamic one with permanently changing internal distances. Thus, the helium atom marks the limit for precisely describing an atom, whereby at and under this limit such a precise description is feasible, being also demonstrated in the author’s previous work. This contradicts the conventional quantum mechanical theory which claims that such a—locally and temporally—precise description of any atom or molecule structure is generally not possible, also not for the H2-molecule, and not even for the H-atom.
