Climate change has well-documented psychological consequences for society.However,the emotional experiences of frontline conservation professionals remain underexplored.As key knowledge producers and participants in d...Climate change has well-documented psychological consequences for society.However,the emotional experiences of frontline conservation professionals remain underexplored.As key knowledge producers and participants in decision-making processes,conservation researchers play a crucial role in shaping and implementing adaptation and mitigation efforts,which are pivotal for effective climate planning.Understanding their emotional responses is essential for enhancing the success of these strategies and supporting climate action.This study aims to identify the most prevalent emotions experienced by conservation researchers regarding climate change across various countries and to examine the qualitative and quantitative factors shaping these emotions.An online survey was conducted with 362 participants from 98 academic and research institutions,utilising both closed and open-ended questions to capture demographic data,climate knowledge,stances on mitigation and adaptation,and emotional responses.Data analysis revealed that feelings of powerlessness,guilt,and concern were most frequently reported,driven by a profound sense of inability to halt climate change,frustration with perceived inaction by governments and industries,and self-assessed personal shortcomings.Age and stances on climate adaptation were identified as primary factors influencing emotional responses,particularly among individuals aged 20–50 and 61–70,with opposition to adaptation correlating with stronger emotional reactions.Demographic factors such as region,place of residence,and mitigation stances played a minor role.These findings provide valuable insights into the psychological well-being of conservation researchers related to climate change.展开更多
This paper reconstructs in detail the course leading to the inception of the Chinese material medica(CMM)research at the Peking Union Medical College(PUMC)in 1920.By analyzing the primary materials from several archiv...This paper reconstructs in detail the course leading to the inception of the Chinese material medica(CMM)research at the Peking Union Medical College(PUMC)in 1920.By analyzing the primary materials from several archives,it provides,for the first time,a historiographical account of the major events and key figures in the process.These include the China Medical Board(CMB)Commission to East Asia in 1915 that shaped the attitudes of Drs.William H.Welch and Simon Flexner,the PUMC’s chief scientific architects,toward CMM and its scientific investigation;the influence of medical missionaries and Japanese scientists on these attitudes;the medical leaders’decisive roles in recruiting Ralph G.Mills and Bernard E.Read,two of medical missionaries with strong interests in and actual studies on CMM,to the PUMC,which serendipitously made them central figures associated with the CMM research at the College;and finally the critical role of Mills and other medical missionaries in introducing CMM research,both concept and material,to the CMB executives and in their reconciliating the research subject with the institutional aims.The findings of the study contextualize the inception of CMM research at PUMC from the perspective of broader narrative of transnational circulation and recognition of medical knowledge and highlight the intermediatory roles played by medical missionaries that were critical in the intersection between traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)and scientific medicine.The study also reveals multiple serendipitous occurrences associated with the eventual inception of the program,thus offers a fresh interpretation of the beginning of the most impactful research program of scientizing TCM in the first half of the 20th century.展开更多
Purpose:This study examines the impact of research policy changes on scientific retractions of publications authored by Romanian authors,focusing on national trends and the interplay between policy reforms and publish...Purpose:This study examines the impact of research policy changes on scientific retractions of publications authored by Romanian authors,focusing on national trends and the interplay between policy reforms and publishing practices.Design/methodology/approach:Using data from the Retraction Watch Database and Web of Science(WoS),188 unique retractions involving Romanian authors(2000-2022)were analyzed.The study compared retraction patterns before and after the 2016 reforms,which prioritized the publication of articles in WoS-indexed journals over non-WoS outputs.Findings:The analysis identified two key trends:(1)before the 2016 reforms,retractions predominantly involved non-WoS journals(99 non-WoS retractions to 38 WoS retractions),a trend that reversed post-reform(16 non-WoS to 35 WoS),and(2)while the total number of WoS-indexed retractions increased after the reforms,the retraction rates for WoS articles remained stable.Post-reform reliance on MDPI journals,which have low retraction rates,partially explains this stability.Excluding MDPI publications,retraction rates for articles and reviews increase by 14.91%,aligning with patterns seen elsewhere.Research limitations:The study focuses on retractions involving Romanian authors,limiting its generalizability.Furthermore,reliance on database records may not fully capture all retractions.Practical implications:These findings underscore the need for research policy reforms to consider a broader range of effects,and the need for nuanced interpretations of retraction data,which are influenced by a complex range of factors,including specific publisher practices.Originality/value:This research is the first to investigate the complex relationship between research policy reforms,publisher behavior,and retraction trends.展开更多
Forest hydrology,the study of water dynamics within forested catchments,is crucial for understanding the intricate relationship between forest cover and water balances across different scales,from ecosystems to landsc...Forest hydrology,the study of water dynamics within forested catchments,is crucial for understanding the intricate relationship between forest cover and water balances across different scales,from ecosystems to landscapes,or from catchment watersheds.The intensified global changes in climate,land use and cover,and pollution that occurred over the past century have brought about adverse impacts on forests and their services in water regulation,signifying the importance of forest hydrological research as a re-emerging topic of scientific interest.This article reviews the literature on recent advances in forest hydrological research,intending to identify leading countries,institutions,and researchers actively engaged in this field,as well as highlighting research hotspots for future exploration.Through a systematic analysis using VOSviewer,drawing from 17,006 articles retrieved from the Web of Science Core Collection spanning 2000–2022,we employed scientometric methods to assess research productivity,identify emerging topics,and analyze academic development.The findings reveal a consistent growth in forest hydrological research over the past two decades,with the United States,Charles T.Driscoll,and the Chinese Academy of Sciences emerging as the most productive country,author,and institution,respectively.The Journal of Hydrology emerges as the most co-cited journal.Analysis of keyword co-occurrence and co-cited references highlights key research areas,including climate change,management strategies,runoff-erosion dynamics,vegetation cover changes,paired catchment experiments,water quality,aquatic biodiversity,forest fire dynamics and hydrological modeling.Based on these findings,our study advocates for an integrated approach to future research,emphasizing the collection of data from diverse sources,utilization of varied methodologies,and collaboration across disciplines and institutions.This holistic strategy is essential for developing sustainable approaches to forested watershed planning and management.Ultimately,our study provides valuable insights for researchers,practitioners,and policymakers,guiding future research directions towards forest hydrological research and applications.展开更多
This review summarizes the breakthrough studies on diabetes management in pregnancy presented at the 84th American Diabetes Association Scientific Sessions,encompassing 31 presentations,categorized into basic science,...This review summarizes the breakthrough studies on diabetes management in pregnancy presented at the 84th American Diabetes Association Scientific Sessions,encompassing 31 presentations,categorized into basic science,clinical studies,therapeutic interventions,and maternal/neonatal outcomes.Basic science investigations reported the enduring impact of gestational diabetes mellitus on offspring adiposity,neurodevelopment,transgenerational metabolic risk,and key insights onβ-cell functioning and islet dysfunctioning.Clinical studies explored novel diagnostic and monitoring approaches,highlighting the potential of continuous glucose monitoring for early detection,risk prediction,and personalized management.Therapeutic interventions demonstrated the efficacy of glucagon-like peptide 1 agonists in preventing cognitive deficits in offspring.Maternal and neonatal health studies emphasized the critical role of optimal glycemic control,early gestational diabetes mellitus intervention,and risk stratification utilizing HbA1c and electronic heart records.展开更多
The article addresses the problem of the absence of a common language in international communication.Using the example of the UN Security Council session of March 2,2026,dedicated to children in armed conflicts,it ana...The article addresses the problem of the absence of a common language in international communication.Using the example of the UN Security Council session of March 2,2026,dedicated to children in armed conflicts,it analyzes a paradox:all participants speak about the same values but do not hear one another.As a solution,the Philosophical Matrix is proposed-a system of maximally general comparative concepts(the identical,the different,the correlative,the opposite,the orthogonal)that explicates a universal language of thinking,which the author calls the“language of Elohim”.The cultural-historical roots of this language are traced in the first chapter of Genesis,in Heraclitus,in Laozi,and in the Sefer Yetzirah.An analysis of the March 2 speeches allows us to diagnose at which levels of thinking(reason,practical mind,pure mind,wisdom)today’s educators and politicians operate.The conclusion proposes the“Wise School”project as a practical path for returning to the“language of Elohim”through education starting from early childhood.展开更多
Knowing about the far away past is something teenagers are not interested in.They prefer to deal with the present time,their present interactions,and their present life.When they study history of the past,they most of...Knowing about the far away past is something teenagers are not interested in.They prefer to deal with the present time,their present interactions,and their present life.When they study history of the past,they most often do it just to have good grades,not for a personal interest.But this condition can be changed,their interests can be enlarged,so as to include what happened centuries ago,and this can be done with educational proposals that appear to them fun,involving and different from the usual school routines.Over the years,the author has proposed several educational activities that captured the interest and motivated teenagers to put themselves in another time period and understand what happened.The following projects show not only how to make them curious about what happened in the far away past,but through that understanding,know more about themselves,to see themselves as individuals who are able to make a difference also in the present and future times.展开更多
Land degradation,coupled with climate change impacts,poses serious threats to global land health and human well-being.Participatory scenario planning(PSP)has become a key tool for exploring these interconnected challe...Land degradation,coupled with climate change impacts,poses serious threats to global land health and human well-being.Participatory scenario planning(PSP)has become a key tool for exploring these interconnected challenges;however,its progress and effectiveness remain underexplored.This study reviews 46 papers,using PRISMA guidelines,to investigate how PSP supports sustainable land management and climate resilience.We document how PSP applications have evolved from a biophysical focus to one addressing broader environmental,societal,and economic challenges.Disparities in how participants engage across PSP phases document the need for more equitable and meaningful participation.Clustering future scenarios reveals the complex interconnections among ecological,social,and economic factors underpinning land management and climate resilience,underscoring the need for inclusive and integrated strategies.From the emerging trends,we identify opportunities to advance PSP implementation,including early engagement of decision-makers,balanced representation and equitable power dynamics,meaningful participation,cross-disciplinary collaboration,integration of human-nature relationships,and regular revision of future pathways.Overall,our review highlights PSP’s potential to co-create inclusive,equitable scenarios and actionable pathways towards sustainable and resilient land use futures.展开更多
The Moroccan populations of Alnus glutinosa(L.)Gaertn.(Betulaceae)They are located at the southern limit of the species'distribution and are represented by tetraploid cytotypes.Assessing phenotypic variability in ...The Moroccan populations of Alnus glutinosa(L.)Gaertn.(Betulaceae)They are located at the southern limit of the species'distribution and are represented by tetraploid cytotypes.Assessing phenotypic variability in reproductive traits is crucial for understanding the persistence,evolution,and range dynamics of plant populations.However,no previous studies have analyzed the relative importance of variability in explaining inter-or intra-population differences in reproductive traits.To address this gap,we investigated phenotypic variation in reproductive organs by examining 10 traits in 3.600 male catkins,3.600 female catkins,and seeds from 12 populations across the Moroccan Rif Mountains.Our results highlighted the significance of inter-population variability.However,we found that the contribution of within-tree variation to total phenotypic variability was greater than that of both inter-and intra-population variation.Principal component analysis(PCA)revealed a phenotypic gradient among populations,primarily driven by female catkin size,though this gradient was not associated with geographic conditions.This finding was further supported by Mantel test results,which showed no correlation between phenotypic variability and population conditions.These findings have important implications for the genetic improvement,conservation,and resource management of Alnus glutinosa in the future.展开更多
Background:Assess ChatGPT and Bard's effectiveness in the initial identification of articles for Otolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery systematic literature reviews.Methods:Three PRISMA-based systematic reviews(Ja...Background:Assess ChatGPT and Bard's effectiveness in the initial identification of articles for Otolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery systematic literature reviews.Methods:Three PRISMA-based systematic reviews(Jabbour et al.2017,Wong et al.2018,and Wu et al.2021)were replicated using ChatGPTv3.5 and Bard.Outputs(author,title,publication year,and journal)were compared to the original references and cross-referenced with medical databases for authenticity and recall.Results:Several themes emerged when comparing Bard and ChatGPT across the three reviews.Bard generated more outputs and had greater recall in Wong et al.'s review,with a broader date range in Jabbour et al.'s review.In Wu et al.'s review,ChatGPT-2 had higher recall and identified more authentic outputs than Bard-2.Conclusion:Large language models(LLMs)failed to fully replicate peer-reviewed methodologies,producing outputs with inaccuracies but identifying relevant,especially recent,articles missed by the references.While human-led PRISMA-based reviews remain the gold standard,refining LLMs for literature reviews shows potential.展开更多
MXene-based smart contact lenses demonstrate a cutting-edge advancement in wearable ophthalmic technology,combining real-time biosensing,therapeutic capabilities,and user comfort in a single platform.These devices tak...MXene-based smart contact lenses demonstrate a cutting-edge advancement in wearable ophthalmic technology,combining real-time biosensing,therapeutic capabilities,and user comfort in a single platform.These devices take the advantage of the exceptional electrical conductivity,mechanical flexibility,and biocompatibility of two-dimensional MXenes to enable noninvasive,tear-based monitoring of key physiological markers such as intraocular pressure and glucose levels.Recent developments focus on the integration of transparent MXene films into the conventional lens materials,allowing multifunctional performance including photothermal therapy,antimicrobial and anti-inflammation protection,and dehydration resistance.These innovations offer promising strategies for ocular disease management and eye protection.In addition to their multifunctionality,improvements in MXene synthesis and device engineering have enhanced the stability,transparency,and wearability of these lenses.Despite these advances,challenges remain in long-term biostability,scalable production,and integration with wireless communication systems.This review summarizes the current progress,key challenges,and future directions of MXene-based smart contact lenses,highlighting their transformative potential in next-generation digital healthcare and ophthalmic care.展开更多
Soft actuators have garnered substantial attention in current years in view of their potential appliances in diverse domains like robotics,biomedical devices,and biomimetic systems.These actuators mimic the natural mo...Soft actuators have garnered substantial attention in current years in view of their potential appliances in diverse domains like robotics,biomedical devices,and biomimetic systems.These actuators mimic the natural movements of living organisms,aiming to attain enhanced flexibility,adaptability,and versatility.On the other hand,angle-independent structural color has been achieved through innovative design strategies and engineering approaches.By carefully controlling the size,shape,and arrangement of nanostructures,researchers have been able to create materials exhibiting consistent colors regardless of the viewing angle.One promising class of materials that holds great potential for bioinspired soft actuators is MXenes in view of their exceptional mechanical,electrical,and optical properties.The integration of MXenes for bioinspired soft actuators with angle-independent structural color offers exciting possibilities.Overcoming material compatibility issues,improving color reproducibility,scalability,durability,power supply efficiency,and cost-effectiveness will play vital roles in advancing these technologies.This perspective appraises the development of bioinspired MXene-centered soft actuators with angleindependent structural color in soft robotics.展开更多
A ten-month field research study was meticulously conducted at Robert Moses State Park (RMSP) on the south shore of Long Island, NY. The objective was to determine if aerial phenomena of an unknown nature exist over a...A ten-month field research study was meticulously conducted at Robert Moses State Park (RMSP) on the south shore of Long Island, NY. The objective was to determine if aerial phenomena of an unknown nature exist over a coastal location and to characterize their properties and behaviors. Primary and secondary field observation methods were utilized in this data-centric study. Forensic engineering principles and methodologies guided the study. The challenges set forward were object detection, observation, and characterization, where multispectral electro-optical devices and radar were employed due to limited visual acuity and intermittent presentation of the phenomena. The primary means of detection utilized a 3 cm X-band radar operating in two scan geometries, the X- and Y-axis. Multispectral electro-optical devices were utilized as a secondary means of detection and identification. Data was emphasized using HF and LF detectors and spectrum analyzers incorporating EM, ultrasonic, magnetic, and RF field transducers to record spectral data in these domains. Data collection concentrated on characterizing VIS, NIR, SWIR, LWIR, UVA, UVB, UVC, and the higher energy spectral range of ionizing radiation (alpha, beta, gamma, and X-ray) recorded by Geiger-Müller counters as well as special purpose semiconductor diode sensors.展开更多
The three-dimensional(3D)cell culture system has garnered significant attention in recent years as a means of studying cell behavior and tissue development,as opposed to traditional two-dimensional cultures.These syst...The three-dimensional(3D)cell culture system has garnered significant attention in recent years as a means of studying cell behavior and tissue development,as opposed to traditional two-dimensional cultures.These systems can induce specific cell reactions,promote specific tissue functions,and serve as valuable tools for research in tissue engineering,regenerative medicine,and drug discovery.This paper discusses current developments in the field of three-dimensional cell culture and the potential applications of 3D type 1 collagen gels to enhance the growth and maturation of dendritic cells.展开更多
As AI systems scale, the limitations of cloud-based architectures, including latency, bandwidth, and privacy concerns, demand decentralized alternatives. Federated learning (FL) and Edge AI provide a paradigm shift by...As AI systems scale, the limitations of cloud-based architectures, including latency, bandwidth, and privacy concerns, demand decentralized alternatives. Federated learning (FL) and Edge AI provide a paradigm shift by combining privacy preserving training with efficient, on device computation. This paper introduces a cutting-edge FL-edge integration framework, achieving a 10% to 15% increase in model accuracy and reducing communication costs by 25% in heterogeneous environments. Blockchain based secure aggregation ensures robust and tamper-proof model updates, while exploratory quantum AI techniques enhance computational efficiency. By addressing key challenges such as device variability and non-IID data, this work sets the stage for the next generation of adaptive, privacy-first AI systems, with applications in IoT, healthcare, and autonomous systems.展开更多
Oral cancer is one of the malignant neoplasms that present major global health challenge.It is the sixth most prevalent type of cancer in the world,with a high incidence and mortality rate.This letter is a review of t...Oral cancer is one of the malignant neoplasms that present major global health challenge.It is the sixth most prevalent type of cancer in the world,with a high incidence and mortality rate.This letter is a review of the study by Yin et al which was published in the World Journal of Clinical Cases(2024).The study evaluated the effect of Tongluo Jiedu as an adjuvant treatment for oral cancer.Over the years,there has been a continuous search for effective and less invasive treatments for oral cancer.This article emphasizes and discusses various therapeutic options currently available,and it highlights that early intervention and multidisciplinary management are crucial for improving outcomes.Traditional Chinese medicine,particularly Tongluo Jiedu,presents potential complementary approach to co-nventional oral cancer therapies.Future research on Tongluo Jiedu should be focused on validation of its efficacy and safety through large,well-designed clinical trials,as well as better understanding of the molecular mechanisms in-volved,and optimization of therapeutic combinations.Additionally,continuous education of health professionals is key to the effective and safe integration of this traditional medicine into clinical practice.Continuous research is essential for optimization of therapeutic strategies and for addressing the challenges presented by this neoplasm.展开更多
BACKGROUND The burden of cannabis use disorder(CUD)in the context of its prevalence and subsequent cardiopulmonary outcomes among cancer patients with severe sepsis is unclear.AIM To address this knowledge gap,especia...BACKGROUND The burden of cannabis use disorder(CUD)in the context of its prevalence and subsequent cardiopulmonary outcomes among cancer patients with severe sepsis is unclear.AIM To address this knowledge gap,especially due to rising patterns of cannabis use and its emerging pharmacological role in cancer.METHODS By applying relevant International Classification of Diseases,Ninth and Tenth Revision,Clinical Modification codes to the National Inpatient Sample database between 2016-2020,we identified CUD(+)and CUD(-)arms among adult cancer admissions with severe sepsis.Comparing the two cohorts,we examined baseline demographic characteristics,epidemiological trends,major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events,respiratory failure,hospital cost,and length of stay.We used the Pearsonχ^(2) d test for categorical variables and the Mann-Whitney U test for continuous,non-normally distributed variables.Multivariable regression analysis was used to control for potential confounders.A P value≤0.05 was considered for statistical significance.RESULTS We identified a total of 743520 cancer patients admitted with severe sepsis,of which 4945 had CUD.Demographically,the CUD(+)cohort was more likely to be younger(median age=58 vs 69,P<0.001),male(67.9%vs 57.2%,P<0.001),black(23.7%vs 14.4%,P<0.001),Medicaid enrollees(35.2%vs 10.7%,P<0.001),in whom higher rates of substance use and depression were observed.CUD(+)patients also exhibited a higher prevalence of chronic pulmonary disease but lower rates of cardiovascular comorbidities.There was no significant difference in major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events between CUD(+)and CUD(-)cohorts on multivariable regression analysis.However,the CUD(+)cohort had lower all-cause mortality(adjusted odds ratio=0.83,95%confidence interval:0.7-0.97,P<0.001)and respiratory failure(adjusted odds ratio=0.8,95%confidence interval:0.69-0.92,P=0.002).Both groups had similar median length of stay,though CUD(+)patients were more likely to have higher hospital cost compared to CUD(-)patients(median=94574 dollars vs 86615 dollars,P<0.001).CONCLUSION CUD(+)cancer patients with severe sepsis,who tended to be younger,black,males with higher rates of substance use and depression had paradoxically significantly lower odds of all-cause in-hospital mortality and respiratory failure.Future research should aim to better elucidate the underlying mechanisms for these observations.展开更多
In the article“Deep Learning-Enhanced Brain Tumor Prediction via Entropy-Coded BPSO in CIELAB Color Space”by Mudassir Khalil,Muhammad Imran Sharif,Ahmed Naeem,Muhammad Umar Chaudhry,Hafiz Tayyab Rauf,Adham E.Ragab C...In the article“Deep Learning-Enhanced Brain Tumor Prediction via Entropy-Coded BPSO in CIELAB Color Space”by Mudassir Khalil,Muhammad Imran Sharif,Ahmed Naeem,Muhammad Umar Chaudhry,Hafiz Tayyab Rauf,Adham E.Ragab Computers,Materials&Continua,2023,Vol.77,No.2,pp.2031–2047.DOI:10.32604/cmc.2023.043687,URL:https://www.techscience.com/cmc/v77n2/54831,there was an error regarding the affiliation for the author Hafiz Tayyab Rauf.Instead of“Centre for Smart Systems,AI and Cybersecurity,Staffordshire University,Stoke-on-Trent,ST42DE,UK”,the affiliation should be“Independent Researcher,Bradford,BD80HS,UK”.展开更多
In the article“A Lightweight Approach for Skin Lesion Detection through Optimal Features Fusion”by Khadija Manzoor,Fiaz Majeed,Ansar Siddique,Talha Meraj,Hafiz Tayyab Rauf,Mohammed A.El-Meligy,Mohamed Sharaf,Abd Ela...In the article“A Lightweight Approach for Skin Lesion Detection through Optimal Features Fusion”by Khadija Manzoor,Fiaz Majeed,Ansar Siddique,Talha Meraj,Hafiz Tayyab Rauf,Mohammed A.El-Meligy,Mohamed Sharaf,Abd Elatty E.Abd Elgawad Computers,Materials&Continua,2022,Vol.70,No.1,pp.1617–1630.DOI:10.32604/cmc.2022.018621,URL:https://www.techscience.com/cmc/v70n1/44361,there was an error regarding the affiliation for the author Hafiz Tayyab Rauf.Instead of“Centre for Smart Systems,AI and Cybersecurity,Staffordshire University,Stoke-on-Trent,UK”,the affiliation should be“Independent Researcher,Bradford,BD80HS,UK”.展开更多
基金funded the Ecuadorian National Secretary of Higher Education,Science and Technology(SENESCYT),through the Scholarship Programme 2012.
文摘Climate change has well-documented psychological consequences for society.However,the emotional experiences of frontline conservation professionals remain underexplored.As key knowledge producers and participants in decision-making processes,conservation researchers play a crucial role in shaping and implementing adaptation and mitigation efforts,which are pivotal for effective climate planning.Understanding their emotional responses is essential for enhancing the success of these strategies and supporting climate action.This study aims to identify the most prevalent emotions experienced by conservation researchers regarding climate change across various countries and to examine the qualitative and quantitative factors shaping these emotions.An online survey was conducted with 362 participants from 98 academic and research institutions,utilising both closed and open-ended questions to capture demographic data,climate knowledge,stances on mitigation and adaptation,and emotional responses.Data analysis revealed that feelings of powerlessness,guilt,and concern were most frequently reported,driven by a profound sense of inability to halt climate change,frustration with perceived inaction by governments and industries,and self-assessed personal shortcomings.Age and stances on climate adaptation were identified as primary factors influencing emotional responses,particularly among individuals aged 20–50 and 61–70,with opposition to adaptation correlating with stronger emotional reactions.Demographic factors such as region,place of residence,and mitigation stances played a minor role.These findings provide valuable insights into the psychological well-being of conservation researchers related to climate change.
文摘This paper reconstructs in detail the course leading to the inception of the Chinese material medica(CMM)research at the Peking Union Medical College(PUMC)in 1920.By analyzing the primary materials from several archives,it provides,for the first time,a historiographical account of the major events and key figures in the process.These include the China Medical Board(CMB)Commission to East Asia in 1915 that shaped the attitudes of Drs.William H.Welch and Simon Flexner,the PUMC’s chief scientific architects,toward CMM and its scientific investigation;the influence of medical missionaries and Japanese scientists on these attitudes;the medical leaders’decisive roles in recruiting Ralph G.Mills and Bernard E.Read,two of medical missionaries with strong interests in and actual studies on CMM,to the PUMC,which serendipitously made them central figures associated with the CMM research at the College;and finally the critical role of Mills and other medical missionaries in introducing CMM research,both concept and material,to the CMB executives and in their reconciliating the research subject with the institutional aims.The findings of the study contextualize the inception of CMM research at PUMC from the perspective of broader narrative of transnational circulation and recognition of medical knowledge and highlight the intermediatory roles played by medical missionaries that were critical in the intersection between traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)and scientific medicine.The study also reveals multiple serendipitous occurrences associated with the eventual inception of the program,thus offers a fresh interpretation of the beginning of the most impactful research program of scientizing TCM in the first half of the 20th century.
文摘Purpose:This study examines the impact of research policy changes on scientific retractions of publications authored by Romanian authors,focusing on national trends and the interplay between policy reforms and publishing practices.Design/methodology/approach:Using data from the Retraction Watch Database and Web of Science(WoS),188 unique retractions involving Romanian authors(2000-2022)were analyzed.The study compared retraction patterns before and after the 2016 reforms,which prioritized the publication of articles in WoS-indexed journals over non-WoS outputs.Findings:The analysis identified two key trends:(1)before the 2016 reforms,retractions predominantly involved non-WoS journals(99 non-WoS retractions to 38 WoS retractions),a trend that reversed post-reform(16 non-WoS to 35 WoS),and(2)while the total number of WoS-indexed retractions increased after the reforms,the retraction rates for WoS articles remained stable.Post-reform reliance on MDPI journals,which have low retraction rates,partially explains this stability.Excluding MDPI publications,retraction rates for articles and reviews increase by 14.91%,aligning with patterns seen elsewhere.Research limitations:The study focuses on retractions involving Romanian authors,limiting its generalizability.Furthermore,reliance on database records may not fully capture all retractions.Practical implications:These findings underscore the need for research policy reforms to consider a broader range of effects,and the need for nuanced interpretations of retraction data,which are influenced by a complex range of factors,including specific publisher practices.Originality/value:This research is the first to investigate the complex relationship between research policy reforms,publisher behavior,and retraction trends.
基金supported by Yibin University,Sichuan,China and Hebei University,Baoding,China(Grant No.521100221033).
文摘Forest hydrology,the study of water dynamics within forested catchments,is crucial for understanding the intricate relationship between forest cover and water balances across different scales,from ecosystems to landscapes,or from catchment watersheds.The intensified global changes in climate,land use and cover,and pollution that occurred over the past century have brought about adverse impacts on forests and their services in water regulation,signifying the importance of forest hydrological research as a re-emerging topic of scientific interest.This article reviews the literature on recent advances in forest hydrological research,intending to identify leading countries,institutions,and researchers actively engaged in this field,as well as highlighting research hotspots for future exploration.Through a systematic analysis using VOSviewer,drawing from 17,006 articles retrieved from the Web of Science Core Collection spanning 2000–2022,we employed scientometric methods to assess research productivity,identify emerging topics,and analyze academic development.The findings reveal a consistent growth in forest hydrological research over the past two decades,with the United States,Charles T.Driscoll,and the Chinese Academy of Sciences emerging as the most productive country,author,and institution,respectively.The Journal of Hydrology emerges as the most co-cited journal.Analysis of keyword co-occurrence and co-cited references highlights key research areas,including climate change,management strategies,runoff-erosion dynamics,vegetation cover changes,paired catchment experiments,water quality,aquatic biodiversity,forest fire dynamics and hydrological modeling.Based on these findings,our study advocates for an integrated approach to future research,emphasizing the collection of data from diverse sources,utilization of varied methodologies,and collaboration across disciplines and institutions.This holistic strategy is essential for developing sustainable approaches to forested watershed planning and management.Ultimately,our study provides valuable insights for researchers,practitioners,and policymakers,guiding future research directions towards forest hydrological research and applications.
文摘This review summarizes the breakthrough studies on diabetes management in pregnancy presented at the 84th American Diabetes Association Scientific Sessions,encompassing 31 presentations,categorized into basic science,clinical studies,therapeutic interventions,and maternal/neonatal outcomes.Basic science investigations reported the enduring impact of gestational diabetes mellitus on offspring adiposity,neurodevelopment,transgenerational metabolic risk,and key insights onβ-cell functioning and islet dysfunctioning.Clinical studies explored novel diagnostic and monitoring approaches,highlighting the potential of continuous glucose monitoring for early detection,risk prediction,and personalized management.Therapeutic interventions demonstrated the efficacy of glucagon-like peptide 1 agonists in preventing cognitive deficits in offspring.Maternal and neonatal health studies emphasized the critical role of optimal glycemic control,early gestational diabetes mellitus intervention,and risk stratification utilizing HbA1c and electronic heart records.
文摘The article addresses the problem of the absence of a common language in international communication.Using the example of the UN Security Council session of March 2,2026,dedicated to children in armed conflicts,it analyzes a paradox:all participants speak about the same values but do not hear one another.As a solution,the Philosophical Matrix is proposed-a system of maximally general comparative concepts(the identical,the different,the correlative,the opposite,the orthogonal)that explicates a universal language of thinking,which the author calls the“language of Elohim”.The cultural-historical roots of this language are traced in the first chapter of Genesis,in Heraclitus,in Laozi,and in the Sefer Yetzirah.An analysis of the March 2 speeches allows us to diagnose at which levels of thinking(reason,practical mind,pure mind,wisdom)today’s educators and politicians operate.The conclusion proposes the“Wise School”project as a practical path for returning to the“language of Elohim”through education starting from early childhood.
文摘Knowing about the far away past is something teenagers are not interested in.They prefer to deal with the present time,their present interactions,and their present life.When they study history of the past,they most often do it just to have good grades,not for a personal interest.But this condition can be changed,their interests can be enlarged,so as to include what happened centuries ago,and this can be done with educational proposals that appear to them fun,involving and different from the usual school routines.Over the years,the author has proposed several educational activities that captured the interest and motivated teenagers to put themselves in another time period and understand what happened.The following projects show not only how to make them curious about what happened in the far away past,but through that understanding,know more about themselves,to see themselves as individuals who are able to make a difference also in the present and future times.
基金supported by the Royal Thai Government Scholarship in Science and Technologythe Faculty of Environment and Resource Studies, Mahidol University, Thailand (FERS, Mahidol University)
文摘Land degradation,coupled with climate change impacts,poses serious threats to global land health and human well-being.Participatory scenario planning(PSP)has become a key tool for exploring these interconnected challenges;however,its progress and effectiveness remain underexplored.This study reviews 46 papers,using PRISMA guidelines,to investigate how PSP supports sustainable land management and climate resilience.We document how PSP applications have evolved from a biophysical focus to one addressing broader environmental,societal,and economic challenges.Disparities in how participants engage across PSP phases document the need for more equitable and meaningful participation.Clustering future scenarios reveals the complex interconnections among ecological,social,and economic factors underpinning land management and climate resilience,underscoring the need for inclusive and integrated strategies.From the emerging trends,we identify opportunities to advance PSP implementation,including early engagement of decision-makers,balanced representation and equitable power dynamics,meaningful participation,cross-disciplinary collaboration,integration of human-nature relationships,and regular revision of future pathways.Overall,our review highlights PSP’s potential to co-create inclusive,equitable scenarios and actionable pathways towards sustainable and resilient land use futures.
文摘The Moroccan populations of Alnus glutinosa(L.)Gaertn.(Betulaceae)They are located at the southern limit of the species'distribution and are represented by tetraploid cytotypes.Assessing phenotypic variability in reproductive traits is crucial for understanding the persistence,evolution,and range dynamics of plant populations.However,no previous studies have analyzed the relative importance of variability in explaining inter-or intra-population differences in reproductive traits.To address this gap,we investigated phenotypic variation in reproductive organs by examining 10 traits in 3.600 male catkins,3.600 female catkins,and seeds from 12 populations across the Moroccan Rif Mountains.Our results highlighted the significance of inter-population variability.However,we found that the contribution of within-tree variation to total phenotypic variability was greater than that of both inter-and intra-population variation.Principal component analysis(PCA)revealed a phenotypic gradient among populations,primarily driven by female catkin size,though this gradient was not associated with geographic conditions.This finding was further supported by Mantel test results,which showed no correlation between phenotypic variability and population conditions.These findings have important implications for the genetic improvement,conservation,and resource management of Alnus glutinosa in the future.
文摘Background:Assess ChatGPT and Bard's effectiveness in the initial identification of articles for Otolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery systematic literature reviews.Methods:Three PRISMA-based systematic reviews(Jabbour et al.2017,Wong et al.2018,and Wu et al.2021)were replicated using ChatGPTv3.5 and Bard.Outputs(author,title,publication year,and journal)were compared to the original references and cross-referenced with medical databases for authenticity and recall.Results:Several themes emerged when comparing Bard and ChatGPT across the three reviews.Bard generated more outputs and had greater recall in Wong et al.'s review,with a broader date range in Jabbour et al.'s review.In Wu et al.'s review,ChatGPT-2 had higher recall and identified more authentic outputs than Bard-2.Conclusion:Large language models(LLMs)failed to fully replicate peer-reviewed methodologies,producing outputs with inaccuracies but identifying relevant,especially recent,articles missed by the references.While human-led PRISMA-based reviews remain the gold standard,refining LLMs for literature reviews shows potential.
文摘MXene-based smart contact lenses demonstrate a cutting-edge advancement in wearable ophthalmic technology,combining real-time biosensing,therapeutic capabilities,and user comfort in a single platform.These devices take the advantage of the exceptional electrical conductivity,mechanical flexibility,and biocompatibility of two-dimensional MXenes to enable noninvasive,tear-based monitoring of key physiological markers such as intraocular pressure and glucose levels.Recent developments focus on the integration of transparent MXene films into the conventional lens materials,allowing multifunctional performance including photothermal therapy,antimicrobial and anti-inflammation protection,and dehydration resistance.These innovations offer promising strategies for ocular disease management and eye protection.In addition to their multifunctionality,improvements in MXene synthesis and device engineering have enhanced the stability,transparency,and wearability of these lenses.Despite these advances,challenges remain in long-term biostability,scalable production,and integration with wireless communication systems.This review summarizes the current progress,key challenges,and future directions of MXene-based smart contact lenses,highlighting their transformative potential in next-generation digital healthcare and ophthalmic care.
文摘Soft actuators have garnered substantial attention in current years in view of their potential appliances in diverse domains like robotics,biomedical devices,and biomimetic systems.These actuators mimic the natural movements of living organisms,aiming to attain enhanced flexibility,adaptability,and versatility.On the other hand,angle-independent structural color has been achieved through innovative design strategies and engineering approaches.By carefully controlling the size,shape,and arrangement of nanostructures,researchers have been able to create materials exhibiting consistent colors regardless of the viewing angle.One promising class of materials that holds great potential for bioinspired soft actuators is MXenes in view of their exceptional mechanical,electrical,and optical properties.The integration of MXenes for bioinspired soft actuators with angle-independent structural color offers exciting possibilities.Overcoming material compatibility issues,improving color reproducibility,scalability,durability,power supply efficiency,and cost-effectiveness will play vital roles in advancing these technologies.This perspective appraises the development of bioinspired MXene-centered soft actuators with angleindependent structural color in soft robotics.
文摘A ten-month field research study was meticulously conducted at Robert Moses State Park (RMSP) on the south shore of Long Island, NY. The objective was to determine if aerial phenomena of an unknown nature exist over a coastal location and to characterize their properties and behaviors. Primary and secondary field observation methods were utilized in this data-centric study. Forensic engineering principles and methodologies guided the study. The challenges set forward were object detection, observation, and characterization, where multispectral electro-optical devices and radar were employed due to limited visual acuity and intermittent presentation of the phenomena. The primary means of detection utilized a 3 cm X-band radar operating in two scan geometries, the X- and Y-axis. Multispectral electro-optical devices were utilized as a secondary means of detection and identification. Data was emphasized using HF and LF detectors and spectrum analyzers incorporating EM, ultrasonic, magnetic, and RF field transducers to record spectral data in these domains. Data collection concentrated on characterizing VIS, NIR, SWIR, LWIR, UVA, UVB, UVC, and the higher energy spectral range of ionizing radiation (alpha, beta, gamma, and X-ray) recorded by Geiger-Müller counters as well as special purpose semiconductor diode sensors.
文摘The three-dimensional(3D)cell culture system has garnered significant attention in recent years as a means of studying cell behavior and tissue development,as opposed to traditional two-dimensional cultures.These systems can induce specific cell reactions,promote specific tissue functions,and serve as valuable tools for research in tissue engineering,regenerative medicine,and drug discovery.This paper discusses current developments in the field of three-dimensional cell culture and the potential applications of 3D type 1 collagen gels to enhance the growth and maturation of dendritic cells.
文摘As AI systems scale, the limitations of cloud-based architectures, including latency, bandwidth, and privacy concerns, demand decentralized alternatives. Federated learning (FL) and Edge AI provide a paradigm shift by combining privacy preserving training with efficient, on device computation. This paper introduces a cutting-edge FL-edge integration framework, achieving a 10% to 15% increase in model accuracy and reducing communication costs by 25% in heterogeneous environments. Blockchain based secure aggregation ensures robust and tamper-proof model updates, while exploratory quantum AI techniques enhance computational efficiency. By addressing key challenges such as device variability and non-IID data, this work sets the stage for the next generation of adaptive, privacy-first AI systems, with applications in IoT, healthcare, and autonomous systems.
文摘Oral cancer is one of the malignant neoplasms that present major global health challenge.It is the sixth most prevalent type of cancer in the world,with a high incidence and mortality rate.This letter is a review of the study by Yin et al which was published in the World Journal of Clinical Cases(2024).The study evaluated the effect of Tongluo Jiedu as an adjuvant treatment for oral cancer.Over the years,there has been a continuous search for effective and less invasive treatments for oral cancer.This article emphasizes and discusses various therapeutic options currently available,and it highlights that early intervention and multidisciplinary management are crucial for improving outcomes.Traditional Chinese medicine,particularly Tongluo Jiedu,presents potential complementary approach to co-nventional oral cancer therapies.Future research on Tongluo Jiedu should be focused on validation of its efficacy and safety through large,well-designed clinical trials,as well as better understanding of the molecular mechanisms in-volved,and optimization of therapeutic combinations.Additionally,continuous education of health professionals is key to the effective and safe integration of this traditional medicine into clinical practice.Continuous research is essential for optimization of therapeutic strategies and for addressing the challenges presented by this neoplasm.
文摘BACKGROUND The burden of cannabis use disorder(CUD)in the context of its prevalence and subsequent cardiopulmonary outcomes among cancer patients with severe sepsis is unclear.AIM To address this knowledge gap,especially due to rising patterns of cannabis use and its emerging pharmacological role in cancer.METHODS By applying relevant International Classification of Diseases,Ninth and Tenth Revision,Clinical Modification codes to the National Inpatient Sample database between 2016-2020,we identified CUD(+)and CUD(-)arms among adult cancer admissions with severe sepsis.Comparing the two cohorts,we examined baseline demographic characteristics,epidemiological trends,major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events,respiratory failure,hospital cost,and length of stay.We used the Pearsonχ^(2) d test for categorical variables and the Mann-Whitney U test for continuous,non-normally distributed variables.Multivariable regression analysis was used to control for potential confounders.A P value≤0.05 was considered for statistical significance.RESULTS We identified a total of 743520 cancer patients admitted with severe sepsis,of which 4945 had CUD.Demographically,the CUD(+)cohort was more likely to be younger(median age=58 vs 69,P<0.001),male(67.9%vs 57.2%,P<0.001),black(23.7%vs 14.4%,P<0.001),Medicaid enrollees(35.2%vs 10.7%,P<0.001),in whom higher rates of substance use and depression were observed.CUD(+)patients also exhibited a higher prevalence of chronic pulmonary disease but lower rates of cardiovascular comorbidities.There was no significant difference in major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events between CUD(+)and CUD(-)cohorts on multivariable regression analysis.However,the CUD(+)cohort had lower all-cause mortality(adjusted odds ratio=0.83,95%confidence interval:0.7-0.97,P<0.001)and respiratory failure(adjusted odds ratio=0.8,95%confidence interval:0.69-0.92,P=0.002).Both groups had similar median length of stay,though CUD(+)patients were more likely to have higher hospital cost compared to CUD(-)patients(median=94574 dollars vs 86615 dollars,P<0.001).CONCLUSION CUD(+)cancer patients with severe sepsis,who tended to be younger,black,males with higher rates of substance use and depression had paradoxically significantly lower odds of all-cause in-hospital mortality and respiratory failure.Future research should aim to better elucidate the underlying mechanisms for these observations.
文摘In the article“Deep Learning-Enhanced Brain Tumor Prediction via Entropy-Coded BPSO in CIELAB Color Space”by Mudassir Khalil,Muhammad Imran Sharif,Ahmed Naeem,Muhammad Umar Chaudhry,Hafiz Tayyab Rauf,Adham E.Ragab Computers,Materials&Continua,2023,Vol.77,No.2,pp.2031–2047.DOI:10.32604/cmc.2023.043687,URL:https://www.techscience.com/cmc/v77n2/54831,there was an error regarding the affiliation for the author Hafiz Tayyab Rauf.Instead of“Centre for Smart Systems,AI and Cybersecurity,Staffordshire University,Stoke-on-Trent,ST42DE,UK”,the affiliation should be“Independent Researcher,Bradford,BD80HS,UK”.
文摘In the article“A Lightweight Approach for Skin Lesion Detection through Optimal Features Fusion”by Khadija Manzoor,Fiaz Majeed,Ansar Siddique,Talha Meraj,Hafiz Tayyab Rauf,Mohammed A.El-Meligy,Mohamed Sharaf,Abd Elatty E.Abd Elgawad Computers,Materials&Continua,2022,Vol.70,No.1,pp.1617–1630.DOI:10.32604/cmc.2022.018621,URL:https://www.techscience.com/cmc/v70n1/44361,there was an error regarding the affiliation for the author Hafiz Tayyab Rauf.Instead of“Centre for Smart Systems,AI and Cybersecurity,Staffordshire University,Stoke-on-Trent,UK”,the affiliation should be“Independent Researcher,Bradford,BD80HS,UK”.
