Glutamate dehydrogenase regulates crop development, growth, and biomass yield through its synthesis of non-genetic code-based RNA. Understanding the mechanism of GDH-synthesized RNA enzyme would enhance the agricultur...Glutamate dehydrogenase regulates crop development, growth, and biomass yield through its synthesis of non-genetic code-based RNA. Understanding the mechanism of GDH-synthesized RNA enzyme would enhance the agriculture innovation capacity of the more than a billion urban gardeners, smallholder, and limited resources indigenous farmers. Different metabolic variants were prepared by treating peanut growing on healthy soil with stoichiometric mixes of mineral salt solutions. Peanut GDH charge isomers were purified to homogeneity by electrophoresis, and made to synthesize RNA enzyme. Peanut total RNA was 5’-end labeled with [γ-32P]ATP and made to react as substrate in vitro with GDH-synthesized RNA from another metabolic variant of peanut. Agarose, and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of the reaction products showed that tRNA, rRNA, and most of the mRNAs were degraded to mononucleotides, but total RNAs that were not mixed with GDH-synthesized RNAs were not degraded. When the non-homologous sequence sections of the GDH-synthesized RNA were clipped out, the homologous sections failed to produce Northern bands with peanut total RNA. Therefore, the non-homologous sequence sections served to identify, position, and align the GDH-synthesized RNA to its target total RNA site independent of genetic code;the degradation of total RNA being via non-canonical base alignments in the enzyme-substrate complex, followed by electromagnetic destruction of the total RNA, the less stable of the two kinds of RNA. This is the science-based corner stone that buttresses the crop production efforts of limited resources farmers because GDH-synthesized RNAs quickly degrade superfluous total RNA of the crop in response to the soil mineral nutrient deficiencies thereby minimizing wastage of metabolic energy in the synthesis of unnecessary protein enzymes while optimizing biomass metabolism, crop growth, and maximum crop yields. In vitro hydrolysis of total RNA by GDH-synthesized RNA is the game changing, prototype, R&D methods for cleansing sick total RNA from cells, tissues, and whole organisms.展开更多
The long-term trend of diurnal temperature range(DTR)over Nigeria was examined using daily station-based datasets for the period 1971–2013.The results show that the regionally averaged DTR has decreased significantly...The long-term trend of diurnal temperature range(DTR)over Nigeria was examined using daily station-based datasets for the period 1971–2013.The results show that the regionally averaged DTR has decreased significantly(-0.34°C per decade)over the Nigerian Sahel(north of 10°N),but there has been a slight increasing trend(0.01°C per decade)over the Nigerian Guinea Coast.The annual decreasing trend of DTR in the Nigerian Sahel is mainly attributable to the significant increasing trend in daily minimum temperature(Tmin,0.51°C per decade),which far outstrips the rate of increase in the daily maximum(Tmax,0.17°C per decade).In contrast,the comparable trends in Tmin(0.19°C per decade)and Tmax(0.20°C per decade)may explain the non-significant trend of the DTR averaged over the Guinea Coast region.It is observed that the DTR has decreased more in boreal summer(June–July–August)than in boreal winter(December–January–February)for the regions.Furthermore,it is found that the significant DTR declining trend over the Nigerian Sahel is closely associated with an increasing trend of annual and summer precipitation in the region,but the increasing DTR trend in the Nigerian Guinea Coast region can be attributed to the decreasing trend of cloud cover over the region.展开更多
Recent findings indicate that rainfall variability over West Africa is characterized by more positive anomalies in the last four decades.The authors demonstrate that the recent interannual rainfall variability is link...Recent findings indicate that rainfall variability over West Africa is characterized by more positive anomalies in the last four decades.The authors demonstrate that the recent interannual rainfall variability is linked to an air–sea phenomenon that occurs in the tropical Atlantic and eastern Pacific Ocean,and then propose the Trans-Atlantic-Pacific Ocean Dipole(TAPOD)index as a measure for this tropical ocean phenomenon,which is found to be closely correlated with the West African summer rainfall anomalies.Using observational and reanalysis datasets,composite analysis suggests that enhanced precipitation in West Africa is associated with the positive phase of the TAPOD,which is characterized by warm sea surface temperature anomalies(SSTAs)in the tropical Atlantic and cool SSTAs in the tropical eastern Pacific Ocean.During the positive phase of the TAPOD,there are significant westerly anomalies over the tropical Atlantic Ocean,which drives anomalous water vapor convergence over West Africa,leading to enhanced precipitation in the region.展开更多
Azadirachta indica, Citrus sinensis, Cymbopogon citratus and Annona squamosa were screened and evaluated for their phytochemical composition and larvicidal effects on Anopheles gambiense and Culex quinquefasciatus. Th...Azadirachta indica, Citrus sinensis, Cymbopogon citratus and Annona squamosa were screened and evaluated for their phytochemical composition and larvicidal effects on Anopheles gambiense and Culex quinquefasciatus. The bioassay results showed that the effects were dependent on time and concentration of extract used. Cymbopogon citratus and Citrus sinesis at 20 mg/ml had the highest mortality effect on Anopheles gambiense after 72 h. Citrus sinensis was more effective against Culex quinquefasciatus. Aqueous extracts of these plants were found to have less larvicidal effect against the mosquito vectors. Phytochemical analysis showed the presence of flavonoids in all herbs. Alkaloids were present in Citrus sinensis, Cymbopogon citratus and Annona squamosa while Citrus sinesis and Azadirachta indica were positive for tannins.展开更多
Tropical medicinal plant spices have remained underutilized in commercial food processing because of the inadequate chemical characterization of their terpene compositions. The activity of medicinal plants used in fla...Tropical medicinal plant spices have remained underutilized in commercial food processing because of the inadequate chemical characterization of their terpene compositions. The activity of medicinal plants used in flavoring is due to their terpene contents. Terpene contents of Aframomum danielli seeds, Xylopia aethiopica fruits, Syzygium aromaticum leaves, Piper guineense seeds, and Monodora myristica seeds were determined using headspace solid-phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. P. guineense is rich in terpinene and terpinolene (2.5 g per 100 g), S. aromaticum has caryophyllene (0.68 g per 100 g);A. danielli is rich in ocimene (1.65 g per 100 g);X. aethiopica is rich in ocimene (2.94 g per 100 g);M. mystristica is rich in delta carene (0.49 g per 100 g). Combinations of the five medicinal plant spices are being applied as flavorings in packaged tropical food.展开更多
This research work aims at modelling a framework for Private Cloud infrastructure Deployment for Information and Communication Technology Centres (ICTs) in tertiary institutions in Nigeria. Recent researches have indi...This research work aims at modelling a framework for Private Cloud infrastructure Deployment for Information and Communication Technology Centres (ICTs) in tertiary institutions in Nigeria. Recent researches have indicated that cloud computing will become the mainstream in computing technology and very effective for businesses. All Tertiary Institutions have ICT units, and are generally charged with the responsibilities of deploying ICT infrastructure and services for administration, teaching, research and learning in higher institution at large. The Structured System Analysis and Design Methodology (SSADM) is used in this research and a six-step framework for a cost effective and scalable Private cloud infrastructure using server virtualization is presented as an alternative that can guarantee total and independent control of data flow in the institutions, while ensuring adequate security of vital information.展开更多
This paper discusses comparison of two time series decomposition methods: The Least Squares Estimation (LSE) and Buys-Ballot Estimation (BBE) methods. As noted by Iwueze and Nwogu (2014), there exists a research gap f...This paper discusses comparison of two time series decomposition methods: The Least Squares Estimation (LSE) and Buys-Ballot Estimation (BBE) methods. As noted by Iwueze and Nwogu (2014), there exists a research gap for the choice of appropriate model for decomposition and detection of presence of seasonal effect in a series model. Estimates of trend parameters and seasonal indices are all that are needed to fill the research gap. However, these estimates are obtainable through the Least Squares Estimation (LSE) and Buys-Ballot Estimation (BBE) methods. Hence, there is need to compare estimates of the two methods and recommend. The comparison of the two methods is done using the Accuracy Measures (Mean Error (ME)), Mean Square Error (MSE), the Mean Absolute Error (MAE), and the Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE). The results from simulated series show that for the additive model;the summary statistics (ME, MSE and MAE) for the two estimation methods and for all the selected trending curves are equal in all the simulations both in magnitude and direction. For the multiplicative model, results show that when a series is dominated by trend, the estimates of the parameters by both methods become less precise and differ more widely from each other. However, if conditions for successful transformation (using the logarithmic transform in linearizing the multiplicative model to additive model) are met, both of them give similar results.展开更多
The global impact of greenhouse gas emissions requires concerted efforts to reduce emissions and energy use,and to increase carbon capture and sequestration.Promoting the circular economy in CO_(2)sequestration system...The global impact of greenhouse gas emissions requires concerted efforts to reduce emissions and energy use,and to increase carbon capture and sequestration.Promoting the circular economy in CO_(2)sequestration systems optimises resource use and reduces the emissions burden throughout the supply chain.Carbon capture from anaerobic digestion,composting and fermentation(particularly ethanol)processes offers great opportunities for climate change mitigation.The waste/by-products generated from these processes can limit the need to source nutrients from outside the system and increase the potential for circular economy.The integration of microalgae cultivation with each of anaerobic digestion,composting and ethanol fermentation processes provides a new model for climate change mitigation of biogenic CO_(2)and circular economy.While this model is limited by high energy consumption and nutrient demand,seasonal variability,operational efficiency and end-user requirements,further research and policy support will go a long way in realising the associated benefits,including in CO_(2)fixation,nutrient recovery,waste remediation and as an alternative source of animal feed.展开更多
文摘Glutamate dehydrogenase regulates crop development, growth, and biomass yield through its synthesis of non-genetic code-based RNA. Understanding the mechanism of GDH-synthesized RNA enzyme would enhance the agriculture innovation capacity of the more than a billion urban gardeners, smallholder, and limited resources indigenous farmers. Different metabolic variants were prepared by treating peanut growing on healthy soil with stoichiometric mixes of mineral salt solutions. Peanut GDH charge isomers were purified to homogeneity by electrophoresis, and made to synthesize RNA enzyme. Peanut total RNA was 5’-end labeled with [γ-32P]ATP and made to react as substrate in vitro with GDH-synthesized RNA from another metabolic variant of peanut. Agarose, and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of the reaction products showed that tRNA, rRNA, and most of the mRNAs were degraded to mononucleotides, but total RNAs that were not mixed with GDH-synthesized RNAs were not degraded. When the non-homologous sequence sections of the GDH-synthesized RNA were clipped out, the homologous sections failed to produce Northern bands with peanut total RNA. Therefore, the non-homologous sequence sections served to identify, position, and align the GDH-synthesized RNA to its target total RNA site independent of genetic code;the degradation of total RNA being via non-canonical base alignments in the enzyme-substrate complex, followed by electromagnetic destruction of the total RNA, the less stable of the two kinds of RNA. This is the science-based corner stone that buttresses the crop production efforts of limited resources farmers because GDH-synthesized RNAs quickly degrade superfluous total RNA of the crop in response to the soil mineral nutrient deficiencies thereby minimizing wastage of metabolic energy in the synthesis of unnecessary protein enzymes while optimizing biomass metabolism, crop growth, and maximum crop yields. In vitro hydrolysis of total RNA by GDH-synthesized RNA is the game changing, prototype, R&D methods for cleansing sick total RNA from cells, tissues, and whole organisms.
基金jointly supported by the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS)[grant number XDA19030403]the National Natural Science Foundation of China [grant number 41575095]+2 种基金the CAS ‘Belt and Road Initiatives’ Program on International Cooperation [grant number 134111KYSB20160010]Victor Nnamdi DIKE acknowledges support from the CAS–TWAS(The World Academy of Sciences)President FellowshipHyacinth NNAMCHI is supported by the International Federation for Science(W/4849)
文摘The long-term trend of diurnal temperature range(DTR)over Nigeria was examined using daily station-based datasets for the period 1971–2013.The results show that the regionally averaged DTR has decreased significantly(-0.34°C per decade)over the Nigerian Sahel(north of 10°N),but there has been a slight increasing trend(0.01°C per decade)over the Nigerian Guinea Coast.The annual decreasing trend of DTR in the Nigerian Sahel is mainly attributable to the significant increasing trend in daily minimum temperature(Tmin,0.51°C per decade),which far outstrips the rate of increase in the daily maximum(Tmax,0.17°C per decade).In contrast,the comparable trends in Tmin(0.19°C per decade)and Tmax(0.20°C per decade)may explain the non-significant trend of the DTR averaged over the Guinea Coast region.It is observed that the DTR has decreased more in boreal summer(June–July–August)than in boreal winter(December–January–February)for the regions.Furthermore,it is found that the significant DTR declining trend over the Nigerian Sahel is closely associated with an increasing trend of annual and summer precipitation in the region,but the increasing DTR trend in the Nigerian Guinea Coast region can be attributed to the decreasing trend of cloud cover over the region.
基金jointly supported by the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS)[grant number XDA19030403]the National Natural Science Foundation of China [grant numbers 41575095 and41661144032]+1 种基金the CAS ‘Belt and Road Initiatives’ Program on International Cooperation [grant number134111KYSB20160010]Victor Nnamdi DIKE acknowledges the support of a CAS-TWAS President Fellowship
文摘Recent findings indicate that rainfall variability over West Africa is characterized by more positive anomalies in the last four decades.The authors demonstrate that the recent interannual rainfall variability is linked to an air–sea phenomenon that occurs in the tropical Atlantic and eastern Pacific Ocean,and then propose the Trans-Atlantic-Pacific Ocean Dipole(TAPOD)index as a measure for this tropical ocean phenomenon,which is found to be closely correlated with the West African summer rainfall anomalies.Using observational and reanalysis datasets,composite analysis suggests that enhanced precipitation in West Africa is associated with the positive phase of the TAPOD,which is characterized by warm sea surface temperature anomalies(SSTAs)in the tropical Atlantic and cool SSTAs in the tropical eastern Pacific Ocean.During the positive phase of the TAPOD,there are significant westerly anomalies over the tropical Atlantic Ocean,which drives anomalous water vapor convergence over West Africa,leading to enhanced precipitation in the region.
文摘Azadirachta indica, Citrus sinensis, Cymbopogon citratus and Annona squamosa were screened and evaluated for their phytochemical composition and larvicidal effects on Anopheles gambiense and Culex quinquefasciatus. The bioassay results showed that the effects were dependent on time and concentration of extract used. Cymbopogon citratus and Citrus sinesis at 20 mg/ml had the highest mortality effect on Anopheles gambiense after 72 h. Citrus sinensis was more effective against Culex quinquefasciatus. Aqueous extracts of these plants were found to have less larvicidal effect against the mosquito vectors. Phytochemical analysis showed the presence of flavonoids in all herbs. Alkaloids were present in Citrus sinensis, Cymbopogon citratus and Annona squamosa while Citrus sinesis and Azadirachta indica were positive for tannins.
文摘Tropical medicinal plant spices have remained underutilized in commercial food processing because of the inadequate chemical characterization of their terpene compositions. The activity of medicinal plants used in flavoring is due to their terpene contents. Terpene contents of Aframomum danielli seeds, Xylopia aethiopica fruits, Syzygium aromaticum leaves, Piper guineense seeds, and Monodora myristica seeds were determined using headspace solid-phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. P. guineense is rich in terpinene and terpinolene (2.5 g per 100 g), S. aromaticum has caryophyllene (0.68 g per 100 g);A. danielli is rich in ocimene (1.65 g per 100 g);X. aethiopica is rich in ocimene (2.94 g per 100 g);M. mystristica is rich in delta carene (0.49 g per 100 g). Combinations of the five medicinal plant spices are being applied as flavorings in packaged tropical food.
文摘This research work aims at modelling a framework for Private Cloud infrastructure Deployment for Information and Communication Technology Centres (ICTs) in tertiary institutions in Nigeria. Recent researches have indicated that cloud computing will become the mainstream in computing technology and very effective for businesses. All Tertiary Institutions have ICT units, and are generally charged with the responsibilities of deploying ICT infrastructure and services for administration, teaching, research and learning in higher institution at large. The Structured System Analysis and Design Methodology (SSADM) is used in this research and a six-step framework for a cost effective and scalable Private cloud infrastructure using server virtualization is presented as an alternative that can guarantee total and independent control of data flow in the institutions, while ensuring adequate security of vital information.
文摘This paper discusses comparison of two time series decomposition methods: The Least Squares Estimation (LSE) and Buys-Ballot Estimation (BBE) methods. As noted by Iwueze and Nwogu (2014), there exists a research gap for the choice of appropriate model for decomposition and detection of presence of seasonal effect in a series model. Estimates of trend parameters and seasonal indices are all that are needed to fill the research gap. However, these estimates are obtainable through the Least Squares Estimation (LSE) and Buys-Ballot Estimation (BBE) methods. Hence, there is need to compare estimates of the two methods and recommend. The comparison of the two methods is done using the Accuracy Measures (Mean Error (ME)), Mean Square Error (MSE), the Mean Absolute Error (MAE), and the Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE). The results from simulated series show that for the additive model;the summary statistics (ME, MSE and MAE) for the two estimation methods and for all the selected trending curves are equal in all the simulations both in magnitude and direction. For the multiplicative model, results show that when a series is dominated by trend, the estimates of the parameters by both methods become less precise and differ more widely from each other. However, if conditions for successful transformation (using the logarithmic transform in linearizing the multiplicative model to additive model) are met, both of them give similar results.
基金Funded by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft(DFG,German Research Foundation)-Projektnummer 498389300.
文摘The global impact of greenhouse gas emissions requires concerted efforts to reduce emissions and energy use,and to increase carbon capture and sequestration.Promoting the circular economy in CO_(2)sequestration systems optimises resource use and reduces the emissions burden throughout the supply chain.Carbon capture from anaerobic digestion,composting and fermentation(particularly ethanol)processes offers great opportunities for climate change mitigation.The waste/by-products generated from these processes can limit the need to source nutrients from outside the system and increase the potential for circular economy.The integration of microalgae cultivation with each of anaerobic digestion,composting and ethanol fermentation processes provides a new model for climate change mitigation of biogenic CO_(2)and circular economy.While this model is limited by high energy consumption and nutrient demand,seasonal variability,operational efficiency and end-user requirements,further research and policy support will go a long way in realising the associated benefits,including in CO_(2)fixation,nutrient recovery,waste remediation and as an alternative source of animal feed.
