Hepatic Echinococcosis is a zoonotic parasitic disease spread globally.Imaging technology had been proven to be very useful in the early diagnosis,preoperative evaluation and therapeutic surveillance.To promote regula...Hepatic Echinococcosis is a zoonotic parasitic disease spread globally.Imaging technology had been proven to be very useful in the early diagnosis,preoperative evaluation and therapeutic surveillance.To promote regular,effective and safe diagnosis and treatment of the disease,and in line with the principle of establishing guidelines and standards from evidence-based medicine,several infectious disease radiologists from multiple hospitals in Beijing,Xinjiang and Inner Mongolia discussed and reached consensus on the imaging diagnostic criteria of hepatic echinococcosis through accepting the most recent research,and taking into account clinical practice and imaging experience,so as to provide clear diagnostic criteria and a guide for the rational and comprehensive treatment of this disease.展开更多
Previous research using functional MRI has shown that specific brain regions associated with drug dependence and cue-elicited heroin craving are activated by environmental cues. Craving is an important trigger of hero...Previous research using functional MRI has shown that specific brain regions associated with drug dependence and cue-elicited heroin craving are activated by environmental cues. Craving is an important trigger of heroin relapse, and acupuncture may inhibit craving. In this study, we performed functional MRI in heroin addicts and control subjects. We compared differences in brain activation between the two groups during heroin cue exposure, heroin cue exposure plus acupuncture at the Zusanli point （ST36） without twirling of the needle, and heroin cue exposure plus acupuncture at the Zusanli point with twirling of the needle. Heroin cue exposure elicited significant activation in craving-related brain regions mainly in the frontal lobes and callosal gyri. Acupuncture without twirling did not significantly affect the range of brain activation induced by heroin cue exposure, but significantly changed the extent of the activation in the heroin addicts group. Acupuncture at the Zusanli point with twirling of the needle significantly decreased both the range and extent of activation induced by heroin cue exposure compared with heroin cue exposure plus acupuncture without twirling of the needle. These experimental findings indicate that presentation of heroin cues can induce activation in craving-related brain regions, which are involved in reward, learning and memory, cognition and emotion. Acupuncture at the Zusanli point can rapidly suppress the activation of specific brain regions related to craving, supporting its potential as an intervention for drug craving.展开更多
Objective： To assess the value of MR spectroscopy （MRS） in the diagnosis of prostate cancer by meta-analysis. Methods： Prospective studies were selected from the MEDLINE, Ovid, Embase databases, Springer, Elsevier...Objective： To assess the value of MR spectroscopy （MRS） in the diagnosis of prostate cancer by meta-analysis. Methods： Prospective studies were selected from the MEDLINE, Ovid, Embase databases, Springer, Elsevier, China National Knowledge Infrastructure. According to the suggestion, results were determined by the ratio of （Cho＋Cr）/Cit. If this ratio was less than 0.75, negative result was respectively determined, and the definitive tumor was diagnosed as this threshold. According to the assessment standard of Evidence-based Medicine, English and Chinese literature in Grade A and B on MRS imaging was included. According to homogeneity test, different effect models were chosen to calculate different pooled weighted values of sensitivity, specificity and the corresponding 95% confidence intervals （95% CI）. Summary receiver operating characteristic （SROC） curves were used to assess the results. Funnel plot was used to analyze publication bias. Results： According to the assessment standard of Evidence-based Medicine, only 5 papers in Grade B were included in this research. The pooled weighted sensitivity and its 95% confidence interval is 82% （73%, 89%） and the pooled weighted sensitivity and its 95% confidence interval is 68% （58%, 76%）. The AUC （area under curve） is 83.40%. An asymmetric funnel plot suggested two missing studies leading to publication bias. Conclusion： If the ratio of （Cho＋Cr）/Cit is regarded as the diagnostic criteria in detecting prostate cancer by MRS, meta-analysis suggests this method has a better diagnostic value to detect the malignant prostate mass but the sensitivity needs to be improved. We hope to support a method and requirement about diagnostic test. Performing perspective register and improving quality of study design is the only way to reduce the bias and get real information of disease.展开更多
Background Although the computer tomography （CT） or magnetic resonance ）mag）ng （MRI） findings of alveolar echinococcosis （AE） have been well documented, the consecutive imaging changes of this disease in each ...Background Although the computer tomography （CT） or magnetic resonance ）mag）ng （MRI） findings of alveolar echinococcosis （AE） have been well documented, the consecutive imaging changes of this disease in each PNM stage （parasite lesion, neighboring organ invasion, metastases） were not described accurately. The aim of this study was to analyze the correlation between imaging type and PNM stage and diameter of AE lesions, and to explore the development features of this disease. Methods A total of 87 patients with AE were examined using CT and MRI before medical management. Imaging features including the maximum diameter, calcification pattern, and imaging type of lesion were retrospectively assessed. The correlation of imaging type with PNM stage, diameter and calcification pattern was analyzed. Results Lesions （n=111） in 87 patients were divided into three types based on imaging characteristics; solid type （33.3%, 37/111, a solid lesion without liquid necrosis or only small patches of necrosis）, mixed type （41.4%, 46/111, solid component surrounding large and/or irregular liquid necrosis area）, and pseudo-cystic type （25.2%, 28/111, large cyst without visible solid component）. Lesion calcification in the alveolar echinococcosis was categorized into three patterns; mild calcification （45.1%, 50/111, i.e. inconspicuous calcification or punctuate scattered calcification）, moderate calcification （46.8%, 52/111, coastline calcification located at the periphery of the lesion, with or without the central dot-calcification） and abundant calcification （8.1%, 9/111, large calcified deposits）. Significant differences were found between pseudo-cystic type and other two types in PNM stage, maximum diameter and calcification （P 〈0.05）, but there was no significant difference between solid type and mixed type in those mentioned aspects （P 〉0.05）. No correlation was observed between calcification patterns and maximum diameter （P 〉0.05）. Conclusions Solid and mixed type lesions showed some similarities during the course of the disease and accounted for the major form of advanced AE. Pseudo-cystic type represented neither earlier nor advanced stage of AE, but a special presentation during AE development.展开更多
Diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging （MRI） exploits the properties of randomlymoving water molecules in the presence of magnetic field gradients. Within tissue, diffusion of water molecules is restricted by...Diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging （MRI） exploits the properties of randomlymoving water molecules in the presence of magnetic field gradients. Within tissue, diffusion of water molecules is restricted by cell membranes, small vessels, axon cylinders, membrane, chemical interactions of water and macromolecules. In the brain, water diffusion exhibits directionality in the orientation along the long axis of white matter. This is referred to as ＂diffusion anisotropy＂. Diffusion anisotropy can be measured via diffusion tensor imaging （DTI）. There is a class of anisotropy indices that reflect the degree of anisotropy of water diffusion which are related to the degree of architectural and structural coherence within each voxel of the tissue. Fractional anisotropy （FA） was the most frequently used index of anisotropy.展开更多
Background:The incidence of cryptococcal meningitis among immunocompetent patients increases,especially in China and imaging plays an important role.The current study was to find the correlation between magnetic reson...Background:The incidence of cryptococcal meningitis among immunocompetent patients increases,especially in China and imaging plays an important role.The current study was to find the correlation between magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)manifestation and clinical severity in nonhuman immunodeficiency virus patients with cryptococcal infection of central nervous system (CNS). Methods:A total of 65 patients with CNS cryptococcal infection from August 2014 to October 2016 were retrospectively included in this study.All the patients had MRI data and clinical data.The patients were divided into two groups according to whether the patients were confirmed with identifiable underlying disease.Comparison and correlation of MRI and clinical data in both groups were investigated using independent sample t-test,Chi-square test,Mann-Whitney test and Spearman rank correlation analysis. Results:In all 65 patients,41 cases (41/65,63.1%;Group 1)had normal immunity and 24 cases (24/65,36.9%;Group 2)had at least one identifiable underlying disease.Fever,higher percentage of neutrophil (NEUT)in white blood cell (WBC),and increased cell number of cerebral spinal fluid (CSF)were much common in patients with underlying disease (Group 1 vs.Group 2:Fever:21/41 vs.21/24,x^2 =8.715,P =0.003;NEUT in WBC:73.15%vs.79.60%,Z=-2.370,P =0.018;cell number of CSF:19 vs.200,Z=-4.298,P <0.001;respectively).Compared to the patients with normal immunity,the lesions are more common in the basal ganglia among patients with identifiable underlying disease (Group 1 vs.Group 2:20/41 vs.20/24,x^2 =7.636,P =0.006).The number of the involved brain areas in patients with identifiable underlying disease were well correlated with the number of cells and pressure of CSF (r =-0.472,P =0.031,r =0.779,P =0.039;respectively). Conclusions:With the increased number of the involved brain areas in patients with identifiable underlying disease,the body has lower immunity against the organism which might result in higher intracranial pressure and more severe clinical status.展开更多
Background:Almost all of the cases of cerebral alveolar echinococcos are showed T2WI hypointensity,with“coal-like”changes;as multiple and T2WI hypointensity of nodular lesions on magnetic resonance imaging(MRI).Thes...Background:Almost all of the cases of cerebral alveolar echinococcos are showed T2WI hypointensity,with“coal-like”changes;as multiple and T2WI hypointensity of nodular lesions on magnetic resonance imaging(MRI).These imaging findings were also observed in other lesions like metastases.Purpose:To study the MR Diffusion-weighted imaging characteristics of cerebral alveolar echinococcosis and its role in differentiating cerebral alveolar echinococcosis from metastases.Material and methods:A total of thirty-two cerebral alveolar echinococcosis(CAE)and metastases(16 CAE and 16 metastases)were evaluated by conventional and diffusion MRI,respectively.The mean of apparent diffusion coefficient(ADC)and exponential apparent diffusion coefficient(eADC)values from the determined ROI of the solid region,the peripheral edema and control group were calculated.Results:A total of thirty-two cerebral alveolar echinococcosis(CAE)and brain metastases(BM)(16 CAE and 16 metastases)were nodular lesions.The results showed that in solid regions,the mean ADC values of CAE(1.17±0.06)were higher than BM(0.90±0.07)lesions,while the mean eADC values were lower(CAE 0.31±0.02,BM 0.41±0.03).In the peripheral edematous region,the mean ADC values of CAE were higher than BM lesions,but there were no significant difference,whereas,the mean eADC values were opposite.Conclusion:Diffusion MR is a useful tool for the assessment of cerebral alveolar echinococcosis and can help differentiate them from metastases.It also has a potential role in monitoring therapy and early detection of drug resistance.展开更多
OBJECTIVE:The objective of this study was to develop and evaluate predictive models based on a combination of T2-weighted images(T2WI)and different machine learning algorithms,and to explore the value of hepatic alveo...OBJECTIVE:The objective of this study was to develop and evaluate predictive models based on a combination of T2-weighted images(T2WI)and different machine learning algorithms,and to explore the value of hepatic alveolar echinococcosis(HAE)activity assessment by magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)radiomics.MATERIALS AND METHODS:This retrospective study included 136 patients diagnosed with HAE at the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University between 2012 and 2020.All subjects underwent MRI and positron emission tomography-computed tomography(PET-CT)before surgery.Taking the PET-CT examination results as the reference standard,patients were divided into active(90 cases)and inactive groups(46 cases).The volume of interest of the lesion was manually delineated on T2WI,and quantitative radiomics features were extracted.Synthetic Minority Oversampling Technology was used to balance the number of patients in the categories.To control for redundancy,the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator was used for feature screening after normalization,and ten optimal features were obtained based on correlation coefficient screening.Three machine learning classifiers were trained using five-fold cross-validation and their performance was compared to establish an optimal HAE activity assessment model.The performance of the classifier was evaluated by area under the receiver operating characteristics curve(AUC),sensitivity,specificity,and accuracy(ACC).The ten optimal features selected from each fold were combined using three machine learning algorithms:logistic regression,multilayer perceptron(MLP),and support vector machine,to establish an HAE activity prediction model.RESULTS:The three machine learning classifiers all showed good prediction performance with a mean AUC on the test set of more than 0.80,and the MLP showing the best performance(AUC=0.830±0.053,ACC=0.817,sensitivity=0.822,and specificity=0.811).CONCLUSION:HAE activity can be accurately evaluated by a radiomics method using a combination of quantitative T2WI features and machine learning.展开更多
Glomus tumors, also known as glomangiomas, are rare and originate in the neuromyoarterial glomus, a normal arteriovenous shunt which is abundantly supplied with nerve fibers and fulfills a temperature-regulating funct...Glomus tumors, also known as glomangiomas, are rare and originate in the neuromyoarterial glomus, a normal arteriovenous shunt which is abundantly supplied with nerve fibers and fulfills a temperature-regulating function. The classic location of glomus tumor is the subungual region, but the tumor can occur elsewhere in the skin, soft tissues, nerves, stomach, nasal cavity, and trachea.In the gastrointestinal （GI） tract the tumor occurs more often in the stomach than other parts, and typically occurs as a solitary submucosal nodule in the antrum. We reported a case of glomus tumor originating from the greater curvature of stomach which was studied with contrast-enhanced helical computed tomography （CT） and described the characteristic helical CT findings of the rare lesion.展开更多
Background Previous studies with animal experiments, autopsy, structural magnetic resonance imaging （MRI） and task-related functional MRI （fMRI） have confirmed that brain functional connectivity in addicts has bec...Background Previous studies with animal experiments, autopsy, structural magnetic resonance imaging （MRI） and task-related functional MRI （fMRI） have confirmed that brain functional connectivity in addicts has become impaired. The goal of this study was to investigate the alteration of resting-state functional connectivity of the ventral anterior cingulate cortex （vACC） in the heroin abusers＇ brain. Methods Fifteen heroin abusers and fifteen matched healthy volunteers were studied using vACC as the region-of interest （ROI） seed. A 3.0 T scanner with a standard head coil was the imagining apparatus. T2＊-weighted gradient-echo planar imaging （GRE-EPI） was the scanning protocol. A ROI seed based correlation analysis used a SPM5 software package as the tool for all images processing. Results This study showed a functional connection to the insula vACC in heroin abusers. Compared with controls, heroin users showed decreased functional connectivity between the nucleus accumbens （NAc） and vACC, between the parahippocampala gyrus/amgdala （PHC/amygdala） and vACC, between the thalamus and vACC, and between the posterior cingulated cortex/precuneus （PCC/pC） and vACC. Conclusion The altered resting-state functional connectivity to the vACC suggests the neural circuitry on which the addictive drug has an affect and reflects the dysfunction of the addictive brain.展开更多
Apoptosis is a physiologically essential mechanism of cell and plays an important role in reducing the development and progression of tumors. The appealing strategy for cancer therapy is to target the lesions that ind...Apoptosis is a physiologically essential mechanism of cell and plays an important role in reducing the development and progression of tumors. The appealing strategy for cancer therapy is to target the lesions that induce apoptosis in cancer cells. Survivin, the smallest member of the mammalian inhibitors of the apoptosis protein family, is upregulated in various malignancies to protect cells from apoptosis. Survivin knockdown could induce cancer cell apoptosis and inhibit tumor-angiogenesis. Survivin expression would be silenced by microRNA （miRNA）-mediated RNA interference. However noninvasive and tissue-specific gene delivery techniques remain absent recently and the utilizations of miRNA expression vectors have been limited by inefficient delivery technique, especially in vivo. On the other hand, safe and promising technologies of gene transfection would be valuable in clinical gene therapy. Successful treatment of gene transfer method would lead to a new and readily available approach in the anticancer research. Sonoporation is an alternative technique of gene delivery that uses ultrasound targeted microbubble destruction to create pores in the cell membrane. Based on our previous studies, in this article, we postulated that the transfection of miRNA could be mediated by the combination of sonoporation and polyethylenimine （PEI） which was one of the most effective poly-cationic gene vectors and enhance the endocytosis of plasmids DNA and hypothesized that the gene silencing and apoptosis induction with miRNA targeting human Survivin would be improved by this novel technique. In our opinion, this novel combination of sonoporation and PEI could enhance targeted gene delivery effectively and might be a feasible, novel candidate for gene therapy.展开更多
Background Intravenous urography （IVU） combined with add-on CT （IVU-CT） can help to provide more diagnostic information for determining the localization and nature of ureteral abnormalities with less irradiation d...Background Intravenous urography （IVU） combined with add-on CT （IVU-CT） can help to provide more diagnostic information for determining the localization and nature of ureteral abnormalities with less irradiation dose. This study aimed to determine the value of IVU-CT for diagnosis of ureteral diseases, where IVU is insufficient to determine the diagnosis. Methods Two hundred and eighty patients underwent IVU for suspected ureteral disorders, which identified a definite diagnosis in 184 cases and was insufficient for definite diagnosis in 96 cases designated as indeterminate diagnosis. Subsequently 90 patients （six patients declined CT） with indeterminate diagnosis consented to undergo immediate or delayed helical CT scan. The CT data were transferred to the workstation for post-processing, and the cost and mean effective dose for each imaging method were calculated and compared indirectly. Results Of the 90 indeterminate diagnosis cases, diagnosis was determined in 86 cases by IVU-CT with a diagnostic accordance rate of 95.6%, while 184/280 （65.7%） had diagnosis determined by IVU alone. There was a significant difference between IVU and IVU-CT in the determination of the diagnosis of ureteral diseases （X2=36.4, P 〈0.05）. The cost of IVU equals to 1/8-1/9 of that for CT urography （CTU）, and the cost of IVU-CT is as much as 1/3 of CTU. CTU results in the highest mean effective dose, approximately nine times that for IVU and three times that for IVU-CT. Conclusion IVU-CT provides valuable information for the localization and diagnosis of ureteral abnormalities and may be considered as an efficient, cost-effective and low-dose diagnostic technique in this setting.展开更多
Background Human cystic echinococcosis （CE） is a parasitic zoonosis of major public health importance throughout the world. CE is endemic throughout central Asia including northwestern China. In China, CE has been r...Background Human cystic echinococcosis （CE） is a parasitic zoonosis of major public health importance throughout the world. CE is endemic throughout central Asia including northwestern China. In China, CE has been reported in 21 provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities, covering approximately 87% of China＇s territories. It is most common in the pastoral and semi-pastoral western provinces and regions. This study aimed to reveal the natural history, curative effect and possible re-infection risk factors of human CE through long termed follow-up of treated and untreated CE cases in Hobukesar, Xingjiang, China.Methods Follow-up studies on CE were performed twice in Hobukesar from August 2005 to October 2008, after an initial mass screening performed in 1995 and 1996. Ultrasound scan was the primary diagnostic method.Results Among 24 patients with confirmed CE, 22 were treated （surgery in 19 and chemotherapy in three）. Two recurrent cases and one re-infection case were subsequently found during follow-up. The CE type of one of the recurrent cases reverted from CE4 to CE3, as classified using World Health Organization （WHO） guidelines.Conclusions Ultrasound was required to differentiate primary, recurrent and re-infection cases during epidemiological investigation and follow-up of CE. Most patients did not change their habits, which may be one possible cause of reinfection. One recurrent case suggested that, despite initial suggestion from the WHO Informal Working Group on Echinococcosis, CE4-type cysts are not inactive.展开更多
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.61936013,No.81771806)National Science and Technology Planning Project(2020ZX10001013).
文摘Hepatic Echinococcosis is a zoonotic parasitic disease spread globally.Imaging technology had been proven to be very useful in the early diagnosis,preoperative evaluation and therapeutic surveillance.To promote regular,effective and safe diagnosis and treatment of the disease,and in line with the principle of establishing guidelines and standards from evidence-based medicine,several infectious disease radiologists from multiple hospitals in Beijing,Xinjiang and Inner Mongolia discussed and reached consensus on the imaging diagnostic criteria of hepatic echinococcosis through accepting the most recent research,and taking into account clinical practice and imaging experience,so as to provide clear diagnostic criteria and a guide for the rational and comprehensive treatment of this disease.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Anhui University of Traditional Chinese Medicine,No. 2011zr001Athe Key Project for Science and Technology of Anhui Province, No. 07010302205
文摘Previous research using functional MRI has shown that specific brain regions associated with drug dependence and cue-elicited heroin craving are activated by environmental cues. Craving is an important trigger of heroin relapse, and acupuncture may inhibit craving. In this study, we performed functional MRI in heroin addicts and control subjects. We compared differences in brain activation between the two groups during heroin cue exposure, heroin cue exposure plus acupuncture at the Zusanli point （ST36） without twirling of the needle, and heroin cue exposure plus acupuncture at the Zusanli point with twirling of the needle. Heroin cue exposure elicited significant activation in craving-related brain regions mainly in the frontal lobes and callosal gyri. Acupuncture without twirling did not significantly affect the range of brain activation induced by heroin cue exposure, but significantly changed the extent of the activation in the heroin addicts group. Acupuncture at the Zusanli point with twirling of the needle significantly decreased both the range and extent of activation induced by heroin cue exposure compared with heroin cue exposure plus acupuncture without twirling of the needle. These experimental findings indicate that presentation of heroin cues can induce activation in craving-related brain regions, which are involved in reward, learning and memory, cognition and emotion. Acupuncture at the Zusanli point can rapidly suppress the activation of specific brain regions related to craving, supporting its potential as an intervention for drug craving.
文摘Objective： To assess the value of MR spectroscopy （MRS） in the diagnosis of prostate cancer by meta-analysis. Methods： Prospective studies were selected from the MEDLINE, Ovid, Embase databases, Springer, Elsevier, China National Knowledge Infrastructure. According to the suggestion, results were determined by the ratio of （Cho＋Cr）/Cit. If this ratio was less than 0.75, negative result was respectively determined, and the definitive tumor was diagnosed as this threshold. According to the assessment standard of Evidence-based Medicine, English and Chinese literature in Grade A and B on MRS imaging was included. According to homogeneity test, different effect models were chosen to calculate different pooled weighted values of sensitivity, specificity and the corresponding 95% confidence intervals （95% CI）. Summary receiver operating characteristic （SROC） curves were used to assess the results. Funnel plot was used to analyze publication bias. Results： According to the assessment standard of Evidence-based Medicine, only 5 papers in Grade B were included in this research. The pooled weighted sensitivity and its 95% confidence interval is 82% （73%, 89%） and the pooled weighted sensitivity and its 95% confidence interval is 68% （58%, 76%）. The AUC （area under curve） is 83.40%. An asymmetric funnel plot suggested two missing studies leading to publication bias. Conclusion： If the ratio of （Cho＋Cr）/Cit is regarded as the diagnostic criteria in detecting prostate cancer by MRS, meta-analysis suggests this method has a better diagnostic value to detect the malignant prostate mass but the sensitivity needs to be improved. We hope to support a method and requirement about diagnostic test. Performing perspective register and improving quality of study design is the only way to reduce the bias and get real information of disease.
基金This work was supported by a grant from the National Natural Science Foundation of China （No. 30960100）.
文摘Background Although the computer tomography （CT） or magnetic resonance ）mag）ng （MRI） findings of alveolar echinococcosis （AE） have been well documented, the consecutive imaging changes of this disease in each PNM stage （parasite lesion, neighboring organ invasion, metastases） were not described accurately. The aim of this study was to analyze the correlation between imaging type and PNM stage and diameter of AE lesions, and to explore the development features of this disease. Methods A total of 87 patients with AE were examined using CT and MRI before medical management. Imaging features including the maximum diameter, calcification pattern, and imaging type of lesion were retrospectively assessed. The correlation of imaging type with PNM stage, diameter and calcification pattern was analyzed. Results Lesions （n=111） in 87 patients were divided into three types based on imaging characteristics; solid type （33.3%, 37/111, a solid lesion without liquid necrosis or only small patches of necrosis）, mixed type （41.4%, 46/111, solid component surrounding large and/or irregular liquid necrosis area）, and pseudo-cystic type （25.2%, 28/111, large cyst without visible solid component）. Lesion calcification in the alveolar echinococcosis was categorized into three patterns; mild calcification （45.1%, 50/111, i.e. inconspicuous calcification or punctuate scattered calcification）, moderate calcification （46.8%, 52/111, coastline calcification located at the periphery of the lesion, with or without the central dot-calcification） and abundant calcification （8.1%, 9/111, large calcified deposits）. Significant differences were found between pseudo-cystic type and other two types in PNM stage, maximum diameter and calcification （P 〈0.05）, but there was no significant difference between solid type and mixed type in those mentioned aspects （P 〉0.05）. No correlation was observed between calcification patterns and maximum diameter （P 〉0.05）. Conclusions Solid and mixed type lesions showed some similarities during the course of the disease and accounted for the major form of advanced AE. Pseudo-cystic type represented neither earlier nor advanced stage of AE, but a special presentation during AE development.
文摘Diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging （MRI） exploits the properties of randomlymoving water molecules in the presence of magnetic field gradients. Within tissue, diffusion of water molecules is restricted by cell membranes, small vessels, axon cylinders, membrane, chemical interactions of water and macromolecules. In the brain, water diffusion exhibits directionality in the orientation along the long axis of white matter. This is referred to as ＂diffusion anisotropy＂. Diffusion anisotropy can be measured via diffusion tensor imaging （DTI）. There is a class of anisotropy indices that reflect the degree of anisotropy of water diffusion which are related to the degree of architectural and structural coherence within each voxel of the tissue. Fractional anisotropy （FA） was the most frequently used index of anisotropy.
文摘Background:The incidence of cryptococcal meningitis among immunocompetent patients increases,especially in China and imaging plays an important role.The current study was to find the correlation between magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)manifestation and clinical severity in nonhuman immunodeficiency virus patients with cryptococcal infection of central nervous system (CNS). Methods:A total of 65 patients with CNS cryptococcal infection from August 2014 to October 2016 were retrospectively included in this study.All the patients had MRI data and clinical data.The patients were divided into two groups according to whether the patients were confirmed with identifiable underlying disease.Comparison and correlation of MRI and clinical data in both groups were investigated using independent sample t-test,Chi-square test,Mann-Whitney test and Spearman rank correlation analysis. Results:In all 65 patients,41 cases (41/65,63.1%;Group 1)had normal immunity and 24 cases (24/65,36.9%;Group 2)had at least one identifiable underlying disease.Fever,higher percentage of neutrophil (NEUT)in white blood cell (WBC),and increased cell number of cerebral spinal fluid (CSF)were much common in patients with underlying disease (Group 1 vs.Group 2:Fever:21/41 vs.21/24,x^2 =8.715,P =0.003;NEUT in WBC:73.15%vs.79.60%,Z=-2.370,P =0.018;cell number of CSF:19 vs.200,Z=-4.298,P <0.001;respectively).Compared to the patients with normal immunity,the lesions are more common in the basal ganglia among patients with identifiable underlying disease (Group 1 vs.Group 2:20/41 vs.20/24,x^2 =7.636,P =0.006).The number of the involved brain areas in patients with identifiable underlying disease were well correlated with the number of cells and pressure of CSF (r =-0.472,P =0.031,r =0.779,P =0.039;respectively). Conclusions:With the increased number of the involved brain areas in patients with identifiable underlying disease,the body has lower immunity against the organism which might result in higher intracranial pressure and more severe clinical status.
基金supported by grant from the Key Research Development Project Foundation of the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region[grant number 2016B03052].
文摘Background:Almost all of the cases of cerebral alveolar echinococcos are showed T2WI hypointensity,with“coal-like”changes;as multiple and T2WI hypointensity of nodular lesions on magnetic resonance imaging(MRI).These imaging findings were also observed in other lesions like metastases.Purpose:To study the MR Diffusion-weighted imaging characteristics of cerebral alveolar echinococcosis and its role in differentiating cerebral alveolar echinococcosis from metastases.Material and methods:A total of thirty-two cerebral alveolar echinococcosis(CAE)and metastases(16 CAE and 16 metastases)were evaluated by conventional and diffusion MRI,respectively.The mean of apparent diffusion coefficient(ADC)and exponential apparent diffusion coefficient(eADC)values from the determined ROI of the solid region,the peripheral edema and control group were calculated.Results:A total of thirty-two cerebral alveolar echinococcosis(CAE)and brain metastases(BM)(16 CAE and 16 metastases)were nodular lesions.The results showed that in solid regions,the mean ADC values of CAE(1.17±0.06)were higher than BM(0.90±0.07)lesions,while the mean eADC values were lower(CAE 0.31±0.02,BM 0.41±0.03).In the peripheral edematous region,the mean ADC values of CAE were higher than BM lesions,but there were no significant difference,whereas,the mean eADC values were opposite.Conclusion:Diffusion MR is a useful tool for the assessment of cerebral alveolar echinococcosis and can help differentiate them from metastases.It also has a potential role in monitoring therapy and early detection of drug resistance.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(81974263).
文摘OBJECTIVE:The objective of this study was to develop and evaluate predictive models based on a combination of T2-weighted images(T2WI)and different machine learning algorithms,and to explore the value of hepatic alveolar echinococcosis(HAE)activity assessment by magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)radiomics.MATERIALS AND METHODS:This retrospective study included 136 patients diagnosed with HAE at the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University between 2012 and 2020.All subjects underwent MRI and positron emission tomography-computed tomography(PET-CT)before surgery.Taking the PET-CT examination results as the reference standard,patients were divided into active(90 cases)and inactive groups(46 cases).The volume of interest of the lesion was manually delineated on T2WI,and quantitative radiomics features were extracted.Synthetic Minority Oversampling Technology was used to balance the number of patients in the categories.To control for redundancy,the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator was used for feature screening after normalization,and ten optimal features were obtained based on correlation coefficient screening.Three machine learning classifiers were trained using five-fold cross-validation and their performance was compared to establish an optimal HAE activity assessment model.The performance of the classifier was evaluated by area under the receiver operating characteristics curve(AUC),sensitivity,specificity,and accuracy(ACC).The ten optimal features selected from each fold were combined using three machine learning algorithms:logistic regression,multilayer perceptron(MLP),and support vector machine,to establish an HAE activity prediction model.RESULTS:The three machine learning classifiers all showed good prediction performance with a mean AUC on the test set of more than 0.80,and the MLP showing the best performance(AUC=0.830±0.053,ACC=0.817,sensitivity=0.822,and specificity=0.811).CONCLUSION:HAE activity can be accurately evaluated by a radiomics method using a combination of quantitative T2WI features and machine learning.
文摘Glomus tumors, also known as glomangiomas, are rare and originate in the neuromyoarterial glomus, a normal arteriovenous shunt which is abundantly supplied with nerve fibers and fulfills a temperature-regulating function. The classic location of glomus tumor is the subungual region, but the tumor can occur elsewhere in the skin, soft tissues, nerves, stomach, nasal cavity, and trachea.In the gastrointestinal （GI） tract the tumor occurs more often in the stomach than other parts, and typically occurs as a solitary submucosal nodule in the antrum. We reported a case of glomus tumor originating from the greater curvature of stomach which was studied with contrast-enhanced helical computed tomography （CT） and described the characteristic helical CT findings of the rare lesion.
基金This work was supported by grants from National Natural Science Foundation of China （#30870685） and Shaanxi Province Science and Technology Development Projection （#2008k12-02）.
文摘Background Previous studies with animal experiments, autopsy, structural magnetic resonance imaging （MRI） and task-related functional MRI （fMRI） have confirmed that brain functional connectivity in addicts has become impaired. The goal of this study was to investigate the alteration of resting-state functional connectivity of the ventral anterior cingulate cortex （vACC） in the heroin abusers＇ brain. Methods Fifteen heroin abusers and fifteen matched healthy volunteers were studied using vACC as the region-of interest （ROI） seed. A 3.0 T scanner with a standard head coil was the imagining apparatus. T2＊-weighted gradient-echo planar imaging （GRE-EPI） was the scanning protocol. A ROI seed based correlation analysis used a SPM5 software package as the tool for all images processing. Results This study showed a functional connection to the insula vACC in heroin abusers. Compared with controls, heroin users showed decreased functional connectivity between the nucleus accumbens （NAc） and vACC, between the parahippocampala gyrus/amgdala （PHC/amygdala） and vACC, between the thalamus and vACC, and between the posterior cingulated cortex/precuneus （PCC/pC） and vACC. Conclusion The altered resting-state functional connectivity to the vACC suggests the neural circuitry on which the addictive drug has an affect and reflects the dysfunction of the addictive brain.
文摘Apoptosis is a physiologically essential mechanism of cell and plays an important role in reducing the development and progression of tumors. The appealing strategy for cancer therapy is to target the lesions that induce apoptosis in cancer cells. Survivin, the smallest member of the mammalian inhibitors of the apoptosis protein family, is upregulated in various malignancies to protect cells from apoptosis. Survivin knockdown could induce cancer cell apoptosis and inhibit tumor-angiogenesis. Survivin expression would be silenced by microRNA （miRNA）-mediated RNA interference. However noninvasive and tissue-specific gene delivery techniques remain absent recently and the utilizations of miRNA expression vectors have been limited by inefficient delivery technique, especially in vivo. On the other hand, safe and promising technologies of gene transfection would be valuable in clinical gene therapy. Successful treatment of gene transfer method would lead to a new and readily available approach in the anticancer research. Sonoporation is an alternative technique of gene delivery that uses ultrasound targeted microbubble destruction to create pores in the cell membrane. Based on our previous studies, in this article, we postulated that the transfection of miRNA could be mediated by the combination of sonoporation and polyethylenimine （PEI） which was one of the most effective poly-cationic gene vectors and enhance the endocytosis of plasmids DNA and hypothesized that the gene silencing and apoptosis induction with miRNA targeting human Survivin would be improved by this novel technique. In our opinion, this novel combination of sonoporation and PEI could enhance targeted gene delivery effectively and might be a feasible, novel candidate for gene therapy.
文摘Background Intravenous urography （IVU） combined with add-on CT （IVU-CT） can help to provide more diagnostic information for determining the localization and nature of ureteral abnormalities with less irradiation dose. This study aimed to determine the value of IVU-CT for diagnosis of ureteral diseases, where IVU is insufficient to determine the diagnosis. Methods Two hundred and eighty patients underwent IVU for suspected ureteral disorders, which identified a definite diagnosis in 184 cases and was insufficient for definite diagnosis in 96 cases designated as indeterminate diagnosis. Subsequently 90 patients （six patients declined CT） with indeterminate diagnosis consented to undergo immediate or delayed helical CT scan. The CT data were transferred to the workstation for post-processing, and the cost and mean effective dose for each imaging method were calculated and compared indirectly. Results Of the 90 indeterminate diagnosis cases, diagnosis was determined in 86 cases by IVU-CT with a diagnostic accordance rate of 95.6%, while 184/280 （65.7%） had diagnosis determined by IVU alone. There was a significant difference between IVU and IVU-CT in the determination of the diagnosis of ureteral diseases （X2=36.4, P 〈0.05）. The cost of IVU equals to 1/8-1/9 of that for CT urography （CTU）, and the cost of IVU-CT is as much as 1/3 of CTU. CTU results in the highest mean effective dose, approximately nine times that for IVU and three times that for IVU-CT. Conclusion IVU-CT provides valuable information for the localization and diagnosis of ureteral abnormalities and may be considered as an efficient, cost-effective and low-dose diagnostic technique in this setting.
基金This work was supported by a grant from the National Natural Science Foundation of China （No. 30460126）.Acknowledgments： We are very thankful for the work staff at the local clinical station in Hobukesar.
文摘Background Human cystic echinococcosis （CE） is a parasitic zoonosis of major public health importance throughout the world. CE is endemic throughout central Asia including northwestern China. In China, CE has been reported in 21 provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities, covering approximately 87% of China＇s territories. It is most common in the pastoral and semi-pastoral western provinces and regions. This study aimed to reveal the natural history, curative effect and possible re-infection risk factors of human CE through long termed follow-up of treated and untreated CE cases in Hobukesar, Xingjiang, China.Methods Follow-up studies on CE were performed twice in Hobukesar from August 2005 to October 2008, after an initial mass screening performed in 1995 and 1996. Ultrasound scan was the primary diagnostic method.Results Among 24 patients with confirmed CE, 22 were treated （surgery in 19 and chemotherapy in three）. Two recurrent cases and one re-infection case were subsequently found during follow-up. The CE type of one of the recurrent cases reverted from CE4 to CE3, as classified using World Health Organization （WHO） guidelines.Conclusions Ultrasound was required to differentiate primary, recurrent and re-infection cases during epidemiological investigation and follow-up of CE. Most patients did not change their habits, which may be one possible cause of reinfection. One recurrent case suggested that, despite initial suggestion from the WHO Informal Working Group on Echinococcosis, CE4-type cysts are not inactive.
