The NSC-34 cell line is a widely recognized motor neuron model and various neuronal differentiation protocols have been exploited. Under previously reported experimental conditions, only part of the cells resemble dif...The NSC-34 cell line is a widely recognized motor neuron model and various neuronal differentiation protocols have been exploited. Under previously reported experimental conditions, only part of the cells resemble differentiated neurons;however, they do not exhibit extensive and time-prolonged neuritogenesis, and maintain their duplication capacity in culture. The aim of the present work was to facilitate long-term and more homogeneous neuronal differentiation in motor neuron–like NSC-34 cells. We found that the antimitotic drug cytosine arabinoside promoted robust and persistent neuronal differentiation in the entire cell population. Long and interconnecting neuronal processes with abundant growth cones were homogeneously induced and were durable for up to at least 6 weeks in culture. Moreover, cytosine arabinoside was permissive, dispensable, and mostly irreversible in priming NSC-34 cells for neurite initiation and regeneration after mechanical dislodgement. Finally, the expression of the cell proliferation antigen Ki67 was inhibited by cytosine arabinoside, whereas the expression levels of neuronal growth associated protein 43, vimentin, and motor neuron–specific p75, Islet2, homeobox 9 markers were upregulated, as confirmed by western blot and/or confocal immunofluorescence analysis. Overall, these findings support the use of NSC-34 cells as a motor neuron model for properly investigating neurodegenerative mechanisms and prospectively identifying neuroprotective strategies.展开更多
Background: Sentinel lymph node (SLN) biopsy remains a cornerstone in the management of breast cancer, as it provides an accurate staging of the disease while minimizing the morbidity associated with complete axillary...Background: Sentinel lymph node (SLN) biopsy remains a cornerstone in the management of breast cancer, as it provides an accurate staging of the disease while minimizing the morbidity associated with complete axillary lymph node dissection. Advances in SLN detection have been very important in refining surgical techniques and improving patient outcomes. The purpose of the present study is to compare the effectiveness of radiocolloids, blue dyes, and fluorescent tracers in detecting the sentinel lymph node in breast cancer. Materials and Methods: Specifically, we analyzed the detection rate, accuracy, and safety profile of the techniques to outline the most reliable and clinically available. A comprehensive review was conducted, searching key databases, including PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science, for studies published between 2010 and 2024. The review focused on studies that compared the performance of radiocolloids, blue dyes, and fluorescent tracers in the detection of sentinel lymph nodes in breast cancer patients. A total of 54 studies were included based on specific inclusion criteria. Results: Radiocolloids showed high detection rates in studies. Blue dyes have comparable results, but a small percentage of allergic reactions has been observed. Fluorescent tracers such as indocyanine green have improved visualization and accuracy, but their use requires specialized equipment and expertise. Combining radiocolloids with blue dyes or fluorescent tracers has improved detection rates in several studies. Cost and accessibility challenges have also been pointed out, particularly in low-resource settings. Conclusions: Radiocolloids have attained the status of gold standard in the detection of SLNs in breast cancer for their reliability and accuracy. While combined use with other tracers, like blue dyes or fluorescent agents, enhances overall detection performance, making it more holistic. As expected, further innovation and effort are required to improve accessibility and optimize the technique of sentinel lymph node biopsy worldwide.展开更多
The increasing fluency of advanced language models,such as GPT-3.5,GPT-4,and the recently introduced DeepSeek,challenges the ability to distinguish between human-authored and AI-generated academic writing.This situati...The increasing fluency of advanced language models,such as GPT-3.5,GPT-4,and the recently introduced DeepSeek,challenges the ability to distinguish between human-authored and AI-generated academic writing.This situation is raising significant concerns regarding the integrity and authenticity of academic work.In light of the above,the current research evaluates the effectiveness of Bidirectional Long Short-TermMemory(BiLSTM)networks enhanced with pre-trained GloVe(Global Vectors for Word Representation)embeddings to detect AIgenerated scientific Abstracts drawn from the AI-GA(Artificial Intelligence Generated Abstracts)dataset.Two core BiLSTM variants were assessed:a single-layer approach and a dual-layer design,each tested under static or adaptive embeddings.The single-layer model achieved nearly 97%accuracy with trainable GloVe,occasionally surpassing the deeper model.Despite these gains,neither configuration fully matched the 98.7%benchmark set by an earlier LSTMWord2Vec pipeline.Some runs were over-fitted when embeddings were fine-tuned,whereas static embeddings offered a slightly lower yet stable accuracy of around 96%.This lingering gap reinforces a key ethical and procedural concern:relying solely on automated tools,such as Turnitin’s AI-detection features,to penalize individuals’risks and unjust outcomes.Misclassifications,whether legitimate work is misread as AI-generated or engineered text,evade detection,demonstrating that these classifiers should not stand as the sole arbiters of authenticity.Amore comprehensive approach is warranted,one which weaves model outputs into a systematic process supported by expert judgment and institutional guidelines designed to protect originality.展开更多
Inflammatory bowel disease(IBD)represents a major global health concern,signi-ficantly impacting patient quality of life and healthcare systems.Mucosal and his-tological healing have emerged as key therapeutic targets...Inflammatory bowel disease(IBD)represents a major global health concern,signi-ficantly impacting patient quality of life and healthcare systems.Mucosal and his-tological healing have emerged as key therapeutic targets,offering better long-term outcomes compared with previous targets.However,accurate disease asse-ssment remains challenging because of interobserver variability and inconsis-tencies between endoscopic and histological findings.Artificial intelligence(AI)is transforming IBD care by enhancing the precision and reproducibility of disease evaluation.This review provided a structured synthesis of AI applications in IBD,organized by diagnostic,histological,and therapeutic domains,and highlighted comparative model performance such as machine learning classifiers(random forest,support vector machine)and deep learning models(convolutional and recurrent neural networks)with reported accuracy between 80%and 97%and areas under the curve ranging from 0.74 to 0.99.Beyond summarizing existing tools,the review emphasized the ability of AI to reduce diagnostic variability,improve early prediction of therapeutic response,and streamline clinical work-flows.These advancements support a shift toward personalized treatment strate-gies and more efficient care delivery.Additionally,we outlined the expanding role of AI in clinical trials in which it supports patient stratification,endpoint prediction,and automated data integration.展开更多
In this article,we comment paper by Wang et al published recently.The study represents a notable step in the pursuit of precision medicine for inflammatory bowel diseases,offering valuable insights into the potential ...In this article,we comment paper by Wang et al published recently.The study represents a notable step in the pursuit of precision medicine for inflammatory bowel diseases,offering valuable insights into the potential of noninvasive biomarkers for Crohn’s disease(CD)management.This article highlights the significance of the findings,particularly the identification of albumin and fibrinogen amplitude changes as effective,noninvasive biomarkers for predicting endoscopic improvement in CD.The authors introduce a reliable nomogram model,constructed through careful logistic regression analyses,that demonstrates high predictive accuracy across training,internal validation,and external validation cohorts.With further validation through calibration and decision curve analyses,this model shows its clinical relevance and applicability.By incorporating albumin and fibrinogen fluctuations into clinical decision-making,this model addresses a critical gap in noninvasive monitoring tools for CD,offering a practical,patient-centered alternative to guide therapeutic strategies.These findings not only validate the utility of the model but also pave the way for broader integration of biomarker-driven decision-making in the management of CD.This article discusses the broader implications of these advancements,emphasizing their potential to refine patient care and improve outcomes in CD management.展开更多
Colorectal cancer is the third most diagnosed malignancy and the second-leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide.Management includes a combination of surgery,radiotherapy,and systemic therapy that is tailored ...Colorectal cancer is the third most diagnosed malignancy and the second-leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide.Management includes a combination of surgery,radiotherapy,and systemic therapy that is tailored to the stage of the disease.However,each tumor has a unique genetic profile that influences the treatment response and the overall prognosis.Biomarkers guide treatment decisions,but many chemotherapeutics lack reliable predictors.To bridge this gap patient-derived xenograft models were developed and are valuable preclinical tools.These systems utilize patient-derived tumor tissue grafted into an animal host that provides a platform for personalized drug profiling.This article surveyed recent advances in mouse and zebrafish colorectal cancer patient-derived xenografts,emphasizing their clinical utility for functional precision oncology.We explored the impact of these models on translational research,discussed current limitations,and outlined key priorities for future development.展开更多
In this article,we comment on the article by Blüthner et al.The article provides a comprehensive analysis of the factors contributing to the late detection of Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis within a Germ...In this article,we comment on the article by Blüthner et al.The article provides a comprehensive analysis of the factors contributing to the late detection of Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis within a German cohort.It highlights the conse-quences on patient outcomes,particularly disease progression and the increased risk of developing complications.The study identifies specific predictors asso-ciated with both patient-related and physician-related delays,offering a detailed exploration of the initial approach.Additionally,the article delves into the distinct patterns observed in the German population,stressing the unique aspects of diagnostic delays that may differ from those reported in other regions.This detailed examination offers valuable insights into the specific challenges faced within the German healthcare system and underscores the necessity of targeted interventions to facilitate early diagnosis.The importance of improved screening tools,patient education,and better healthcare infrastructure is emphasized as crucial steps toward improving patient care in inflammatory bowel disease.展开更多
Despite numerous research investigations to understand the influences of various structural parameters,to the authors'knowledge,no research has been the effect of different angles of incidence on stab response and...Despite numerous research investigations to understand the influences of various structural parameters,to the authors'knowledge,no research has been the effect of different angles of incidence on stab response and performance of different types of protective textiles.Three distinct structures of 3D woven textiles and 2D plain weave fabric made with similar high-performance fiber and areal density were designed and manufactured to be tested.Two samples,one composed of a single and the other of 4-panel layers,from each fabric type structure,were prepared,and tested against stabbing at[0○],[22.5○],and[45○]angle of incidence.A new stabbing experimental setup that entertained testing of the specimens at various angles of incidence was engineered and utilized.The stabbing bench is also equipped with magnetic sensors and a UK Home Office Scientific Development Branch(HOSDB)/P1/B sharpness engineered knives to measure the impact velocity and exerted impact energy respectively.A silicon compound was utilized to imprint the Back Face Signature(BFS)on the backing material after every specimen test.Each silicon print was then scanned,digitized,and precisely measured to evaluate the stab response and performance of the specimen based on different performance variables,including Depth of Trauma(DOT),Depth of Penetration(DOP),and Length of Penetration(LOP).Besides,the post-impact surface failure modes of the fabrics were also measured using Image software and analyzed at the microscale level.The results show stab angle of incidence greatly influences the stab response and performance of protective textiles.The outcome of the study could provide not only valuable insights into understanding the stab response and capabilities of protective textiles under different angle of incidence,but also provide valuable information for protective textile manufacturer,armor developer and stab testing and standardizing organizations to consider the angle of incidence while developing,testing,optimizing,and using protective textiles in various applications.展开更多
Stab-resistant textiles play a critical role in personal protection,necessitating a deeper understanding of how structural and layering factors influence their performance.The current study experimentally examines the...Stab-resistant textiles play a critical role in personal protection,necessitating a deeper understanding of how structural and layering factors influence their performance.The current study experimentally examines the effects of textile structure,layering,and ply orientation on the stab resistance of multi-layer textiles.Three 3D warp interlock(3DWI)structures({f1},{f2},{f3})and a 2D woven fabric({f4}),all made of high-performance p-aramid yarns,were engineered and manufactured.Multi-layer specimens were prepared and subjected to drop-weight stabbing tests following HOSBD standards.Stabbing performance metrics,including Depth of Trauma(DoT),Depth of Penetration(DoP),and trauma deformation(Ymax,Xmax),were investigated and analyzed.Statistical analyses(Two-and One-Way ANOVA)indicated that fabric type and layer number significantly impacted DoP(P<0.05),while ply orientation significantly affected DoP(P<0.05)but not DoT(P>0.05).Further detailed analysis revealed that 2D woven fabrics exhibited greater trauma deformation than 3D WIF structures.Increasing the number of layers reduced both DoP and DoT across all fabric structures,with f3 demonstrating the best performance in multi-layer configurations.Aligned ply orientations also enhanced stab resistance,underscoring the importance of alignment in dissipating impact energy.展开更多
Pelargonium zonale is an important ornamental and medicinal plant.The purpose of this investigation was to evaluate the effects of conventional and unconventional fertilization on variations in the physicochemical par...Pelargonium zonale is an important ornamental and medicinal plant.The purpose of this investigation was to evaluate the effects of conventional and unconventional fertilization on variations in the physicochemical parameters of the culture substrate(temperature,pH,and electrical conductivity)in two cultivars of Pelargonium zonale(L.)L’Hér.,grown in pots.This study was conducted under greenhouse conditions,using Pindstrup peat as the culture substrate.The analysis focused on how these physicochemical indicators of peat influenced plant height and development under fertilization conditions.Results revealed that in the‘Tango Salmon’cultivar,both fertilization regimes significantly modified substrate temperature and electrical conductivity(conventional fertilization leading to the highest electric conductivity values of 0.77 mS/cm)while in control,was observed the highest substrate temperature(21.24℃).In contrast,pH remained relatively stable across treatments.In the‘Tango Dark Red’cultivar,no significant differences were observed between substrate physicochemical parameters regardless of treatment.The multiple correlations coefficients values showed that substrate parameters influenced plant height with varying degrees of intensity depending on cultivar and fertilization scheme,reaching up the highest predictability of 60.6%in the‘Tango Dark Red’control variant.The study highlighted that physicochemical properties of the substrate(particularly electric conductivity and temperature)are for were the main contributors to optimal plant development and should be carefully managed within fertilization strategies.展开更多
Abstract： Romania is famous of the potential of his vineyard, winemaking is a traditional occupation, in fact it can be said that there are many areas that can provide a vineyard product. Moreover, typicity and authe...Abstract： Romania is famous of the potential of his vineyard, winemaking is a traditional occupation, in fact it can be said that there are many areas that can provide a vineyard product. Moreover, typicity and authenticity of a wine are defining conditions under conditions of fierce intemational competition to guarantee success of wine. There were concerns for determining areas with designation of origin from a vineyard that will produce quality wines, but the purpose of this study is to delimit the level of a vineyard small area that can ensure the achievement of a certain type of wine, a quality required by consumers. The research was made during 2006-2008 and revealed that the production of quality grapes and are influenced by different factors such as genetic, environmental and technological acting in complex. This is a first attempt to study characterize the concept of ＂terroir＂, as applied in the Copou vineyard from lasi county and provides information on the behavior of two varieties of grapes for wine： Feteasca Regala and Muscat Ottonel. Depending on the purpose, observations and calculations have found the influence of soil characteristics on several biochemical parameters and productive at varieties of Feteasca Regala and Muscat Ottonel （soluble carbohydrate content, total acidity, the average yield of grapes） for the purpose of knowledge than a more detailed wine center in northeast of Romania. The results of this study can be used to determine with precision small areas crop at the parcel that will produce quality wines.展开更多
AIM To perform a systematic review and meta-analysis on proton pump inhibitors(PPIs) therapy and the risk of Clostridium difficile infection(CDI). METHODS We conducted a systematic search of MEDLINE/Pub Med and seven ...AIM To perform a systematic review and meta-analysis on proton pump inhibitors(PPIs) therapy and the risk of Clostridium difficile infection(CDI). METHODS We conducted a systematic search of MEDLINE/Pub Med and seven other databases through January 1990 to March 2017 for published studies that evaluated the association between PPIs and CDI. Adult case-control and cohort studies providing information on the association between PPI therapy and the development of CDI were included. Pooled odds ratios(ORs) estimates with 95% confidence intervals(CIs) were calculated using the random effect. Heterogeneity was assessed by I^2 test and Cochran's Q statistic.Potential publication bias was evaluated via funnel plot, and quality of studies by the Newcastle-Otawa Quality Assessment Scale(NOS). RESULTS Fifty-six studies(40 case-control and 16 cohort) involving 356683 patients met the inclusion criteria and were analyzed. Both the overall pooled estimates and subgroup analyses showed increased risk for CDI despite substantial statistical heterogeneity among studies. Meta-analysis of all studies combined showed a significant association between PPI users and the risk of CDI(pooled OR = 1.99, CI: 1.73-2.30, P < 0.001) as compared with non-users. The association remained significant in subgroup analyses: by design-case-control(OR = 2.00, CI: 1.68-2.38, P < 0.0001), and cohort(OR = 1.98, CI: 1.51-2.59, P < 0.0001); adjusted(OR = 1.95, CI: 1.67-2.27, P < 0.0001) and unadjusted(OR = 2.02, CI: 1.41-2.91, P < 0.0001); unicenter(OR = 2.18, CI: 1.72-2.75, P < 0.0001) and multicenter(OR = 1.82, CI: 1.51-2.19, P < 0.0001); age ≥ 65 years(OR = 1.93, CI: 1.40-2.68, P < 0.0001) and < 65 years(OR = 2.06, CI: 1.11-3.81, P < 0.01). No significant differences were found in subgroup analyses(test for heterogeneity): P = 0.93 for case-control vs cohort, P = 0.85 for adjusted vs unadjusted, P = 0.24 for unicenter vs multicenter, P = 0.86 for age ≥ 65 years and < 65 years. There was significant heterogeneity across studies(I^2 = 85.4%, P < 0.001) as well as evidence of publication bias(funnel plot asymmetry test, P = 0.002). CONCLUSION This meta-analysis provides further evidence that PPI use is associated with an increased risk for development of CDI. Further high-quality, prospective studies are needed to assess whether this association is causal.展开更多
Helicobacter pylori(H.pylori)is one of the most common chronic bacterial infections in humans,affecting half of world’s population.Therapy for H.pylori infection has proven to be both effective and safe.The oneweek t...Helicobacter pylori(H.pylori)is one of the most common chronic bacterial infections in humans,affecting half of world’s population.Therapy for H.pylori infection has proven to be both effective and safe.The oneweek triple therapy including proton pump inhibitor,clarithromycin,and amoxicillin or metronidazole is still recommended as a first-line treatment to eradicate H.pylori infection in countries with low clarithromycin resistance.Generally,this therapy is well-tolerated,with only a few and usually minor side effects.However,rare but severe adverse effects such as pseudomembranous colitis have been reported,Clostridium difficile(C.difficile)infection being the main causative factor in all cases.We report the cases of two women who developed pseudomembranous colitis after a 1-wk triple therapy consisting of pantoprazole 20 mg bid,clarithromycin 500 mg bid,and amoxicillin 1 g bid to eradicate H.pylori infection.A limited colonoscopy showed typical appearance of pseudomembranous colitis,and the stool test for C.difficile toxins was positive.Rapid resolution of symptoms and negative C.difficile toxins were obtained in both patients with oral vancomycin.No relapse occurred during a four and eleven-month,respectively,follow up.These cases suggest that physicians should have a high index of suspicion for pseudomembranous colitis when evaluate patients with diarrhea following H.pylori eradication therapy.展开更多
Since its introduction into clinical practice 15 years ago,capsule endoscopy(CE)has become the first-line investigation procedure in some small bowel pathologies,and more recently,dedicated esophageal and colon CE hav...Since its introduction into clinical practice 15 years ago,capsule endoscopy(CE)has become the first-line investigation procedure in some small bowel pathologies,and more recently,dedicated esophageal and colon CE have expanded the fields of application to include the upper and lower gastrointestinal disorders.During this time,CE has become increasingly popular among gastroenterologists,with more than 2 million capsule examinations performed worldwide,and nearly 3000Pub Med-listed studies on its different aspects published.This huge interest in CE may be explained by its noninvasive nature,patient comfort,safety,and access to anatomical regions unattainable via conventional endoscopy.However,CE has several limitations which impede its wider clinical applications,including the lack of therapeutic capabilities,inability to obtain biopsies and control its locomotion.Several research groups are currently working to overcome these limitations,while novel devices able to control capsule movement,obtain high quality images,insufflate the gut lumen,perform chromoendoscopy,biopsy of suspect lesions,or even deliver targeted drugs directly to specific sites are under development.Overlooking current limitations,especially as some of them have already been successfully surmounted,and based on the tremendous progress in technology,it is expected that,by the end of next 15years,CE able to perform both diagnostic and therapeutic procedures will remain the major form of digestive endoscopy.This review summarizes the literature that prognosticates about the future developments of CE.展开更多
Although a considerable number of studies support a substantial increase in incidence, severity, and healthcare costs for Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), only few evaluate it...Although a considerable number of studies support a substantial increase in incidence, severity, and healthcare costs for Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), only few evaluate its impact on IBD outcome. Medline and several other electronic databases from January 1993 to October 2013 were searched in order to identify potentially relevant literature. Most of the studies showed that IBD patients with CDI present a greater proportion of worse outcomes than those without CDI. These patients have longer length of hospital stay, higher rates of colectomies, and increased mortality. Patients with ulcerative colitis are more susceptible to CDI and have more severe outcomes than those with Crohn’s disease. However, studies reported variable results in both short- and long-term outcomes. Contrasting results were also found between studies using nationwide data and those reporting from single-center, or between some North-American and European studies. An important limitation of all studies analyzed was their retrospective design. Due to contrasting data often provided by retrospective studies, further prospective multi-center studies are necessary to evaluate CDI impact on IBD outcome. Until then, a rapid diagnosis and adequate therapy of infection are of paramount importance to improve IBD patients’ outcome. The aim of this article is to provide up to date information regarding CDI impact on outcome in IBD patients.展开更多
The use of stem cells as carriers for therapeutic agents is an appealing modality for targeting tissues or organs of interest. Combined delivery of cells together with various information molecules as therapeutic agen...The use of stem cells as carriers for therapeutic agents is an appealing modality for targeting tissues or organs of interest. Combined delivery of cells together with various information molecules as therapeutic agents has the potential to enhance, modulate or even initiate local or systemic repair processes, increasing stem cell efficiency for regenerative medicine applications. Stem-cell-mediated delivery of genes, proteins or small molecules takes advantage of the innate capability of stem cells to migrate and home to injury sites. As the native migratory properties are affected by in vitro expansion, the existent methods for enhancing stem cell targeting capabilities(modified culture methods, genetic modification, cell surface engineering) are described. The role of various nanoparticles in eq-uipping stem cells with therapeutic small molecules is revised together with their class-specific advantages and shortcomings. Modalities to circumvent common challenges when designing a stem-cell-mediated targeted delivery system are described as well as future prospects in using this approach for regenerative medicine applications.展开更多
Corrosion behaviour of the studied Ti12Mo and Ti60Ta alloys with the same Mo equivalent values （12%, mass fraction） together with the currently used metallic biomaterials Cp-Ti were investigated for dental applicati...Corrosion behaviour of the studied Ti12Mo and Ti60Ta alloys with the same Mo equivalent values （12%, mass fraction） together with the currently used metallic biomaterials Cp-Ti were investigated for dental applications. The electrochemical properties of the samples were examined using electrochemical techniques： such as open-circuit potential, potentiodynamic polarization curves and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy （EIS）, in two electrochemical media of artificial saliva and fluoridated artificial saliva （0.1%fluoride ions, F-） at 37 °C. Fluoride is commonly included in toothpastes, odontological gels and dental rinses to prevent dental caries and relieve dental sensitivity. The passive behaviour for all the titanium samples is observed for both solutions. The Ti60Ta alloy appears to possess superior corrosion resistance than the Ti12Mo and Cp-Ti in both electrochemical media.展开更多
Adipose tissue(AT)is recognized as a complex organ involved in major homeostatic body functions,such as food intake,energy balance,immunomodulation,development and growth,and functioning of the reproductive organs.The...Adipose tissue(AT)is recognized as a complex organ involved in major homeostatic body functions,such as food intake,energy balance,immunomodulation,development and growth,and functioning of the reproductive organs.The role of AT in tissue and organ homeostasis,repair and regeneration is increasingly recognized.Different AT compartments(white AT,brown AT and bone marrow AT)and their interrelation with bone metabolism will be presented.AT-derived stem cell populations-adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells and pluripotentlike stem cells.Multilineage differentiating stress-enduring and dedifferentiated fat cells can be obtained in relatively high quantities compared to other sources.Their role in different strategies of bone and fracture healing tissue engineering and cell therapy will be described.The current use of AT-or AT-derived stem cell populations for fracture healing and bone regenerative strategies will be presented,as well as major challenges in furthering bone regenerative strategies to clinical settings.展开更多
AIM: To assess the inflammatory cytokines expression in aqueous humor in diabetic primary open angle glaucoma(POAG) patients. METHODS: A cross-sectional study on 87 eyes, distributed as following: 26 eyes from diabeti...AIM: To assess the inflammatory cytokines expression in aqueous humor in diabetic primary open angle glaucoma(POAG) patients. METHODS: A cross-sectional study on 87 eyes, distributed as following: 26 eyes from diabetic patients, 16 eyes with POAG and 21 eyes from diabetic POAG patients; healthy controls(24 eyes) were recruited from patients undergoing conventional cataract surgery. A volume of 100 μL of aqueous humor(AH) was collected during phacoemulsification and 21 inflammatory markers were quantified using a Luminex~? cytometric bead assay: IL-1 Ra, IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-5, IL-6, IL-10, IL-17, GM-CSF, IFNγ, CCL2, CCL3, CCL4, CXCL5, CXCL8, bFGF, VEGF, TNFα. Main changes in cytokine profile were analyzed and compared between groups. Data on demographics, duration of glaucoma, intraocular pressure(IOP), number of anti-glaucoma substances were recorded for correlation analysis and prediction models. RESULTS: Significant differences in cytokine expression between groups were detected for CXCL5(P<0.001), CXCL8(P=0.004), IL-1α(P<0.001), IL-2(P<0.001), CCL4(P=0.003), CCL5(P<0.001) and TNFα(P=0.05). Post-hoc analysis identified IL-2(P=0.009) and CXCL5(P<0.001) as "separation markers" between POAG and diabetic POAG eyes. In POAG patients, the "separation markers" could highly predict the TNFα levels F(1, 16)=14.639, P<0.001, whereas in diabetic patients F(1, 24)=4.844, P=0.006 and diabetic POAG patients F(1, 19)=2.358, P=0.05 the level of prediction was inferior.CONCLUSION: Our results reveal an inflammatory model based on increased TNFα levels in POAG eyes.Simultaneous co-stimulatory molecules and additional inflammatory pathways need to be further explored in diabetic POAG cases, since the prediction model could only partially explain the increased TNFα level in this category of patients.展开更多
基金supported by FATALSDrug Project [Progetti di Ricerca@CNR SAC.AD002.173.058] from National Research Council,Italy (to CV)。
文摘The NSC-34 cell line is a widely recognized motor neuron model and various neuronal differentiation protocols have been exploited. Under previously reported experimental conditions, only part of the cells resemble differentiated neurons;however, they do not exhibit extensive and time-prolonged neuritogenesis, and maintain their duplication capacity in culture. The aim of the present work was to facilitate long-term and more homogeneous neuronal differentiation in motor neuron–like NSC-34 cells. We found that the antimitotic drug cytosine arabinoside promoted robust and persistent neuronal differentiation in the entire cell population. Long and interconnecting neuronal processes with abundant growth cones were homogeneously induced and were durable for up to at least 6 weeks in culture. Moreover, cytosine arabinoside was permissive, dispensable, and mostly irreversible in priming NSC-34 cells for neurite initiation and regeneration after mechanical dislodgement. Finally, the expression of the cell proliferation antigen Ki67 was inhibited by cytosine arabinoside, whereas the expression levels of neuronal growth associated protein 43, vimentin, and motor neuron–specific p75, Islet2, homeobox 9 markers were upregulated, as confirmed by western blot and/or confocal immunofluorescence analysis. Overall, these findings support the use of NSC-34 cells as a motor neuron model for properly investigating neurodegenerative mechanisms and prospectively identifying neuroprotective strategies.
文摘Background: Sentinel lymph node (SLN) biopsy remains a cornerstone in the management of breast cancer, as it provides an accurate staging of the disease while minimizing the morbidity associated with complete axillary lymph node dissection. Advances in SLN detection have been very important in refining surgical techniques and improving patient outcomes. The purpose of the present study is to compare the effectiveness of radiocolloids, blue dyes, and fluorescent tracers in detecting the sentinel lymph node in breast cancer. Materials and Methods: Specifically, we analyzed the detection rate, accuracy, and safety profile of the techniques to outline the most reliable and clinically available. A comprehensive review was conducted, searching key databases, including PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science, for studies published between 2010 and 2024. The review focused on studies that compared the performance of radiocolloids, blue dyes, and fluorescent tracers in the detection of sentinel lymph nodes in breast cancer patients. A total of 54 studies were included based on specific inclusion criteria. Results: Radiocolloids showed high detection rates in studies. Blue dyes have comparable results, but a small percentage of allergic reactions has been observed. Fluorescent tracers such as indocyanine green have improved visualization and accuracy, but their use requires specialized equipment and expertise. Combining radiocolloids with blue dyes or fluorescent tracers has improved detection rates in several studies. Cost and accessibility challenges have also been pointed out, particularly in low-resource settings. Conclusions: Radiocolloids have attained the status of gold standard in the detection of SLNs in breast cancer for their reliability and accuracy. While combined use with other tracers, like blue dyes or fluorescent agents, enhances overall detection performance, making it more holistic. As expected, further innovation and effort are required to improve accessibility and optimize the technique of sentinel lymph node biopsy worldwide.
文摘The increasing fluency of advanced language models,such as GPT-3.5,GPT-4,and the recently introduced DeepSeek,challenges the ability to distinguish between human-authored and AI-generated academic writing.This situation is raising significant concerns regarding the integrity and authenticity of academic work.In light of the above,the current research evaluates the effectiveness of Bidirectional Long Short-TermMemory(BiLSTM)networks enhanced with pre-trained GloVe(Global Vectors for Word Representation)embeddings to detect AIgenerated scientific Abstracts drawn from the AI-GA(Artificial Intelligence Generated Abstracts)dataset.Two core BiLSTM variants were assessed:a single-layer approach and a dual-layer design,each tested under static or adaptive embeddings.The single-layer model achieved nearly 97%accuracy with trainable GloVe,occasionally surpassing the deeper model.Despite these gains,neither configuration fully matched the 98.7%benchmark set by an earlier LSTMWord2Vec pipeline.Some runs were over-fitted when embeddings were fine-tuned,whereas static embeddings offered a slightly lower yet stable accuracy of around 96%.This lingering gap reinforces a key ethical and procedural concern:relying solely on automated tools,such as Turnitin’s AI-detection features,to penalize individuals’risks and unjust outcomes.Misclassifications,whether legitimate work is misread as AI-generated or engineered text,evade detection,demonstrating that these classifiers should not stand as the sole arbiters of authenticity.Amore comprehensive approach is warranted,one which weaves model outputs into a systematic process supported by expert judgment and institutional guidelines designed to protect originality.
文摘Inflammatory bowel disease(IBD)represents a major global health concern,signi-ficantly impacting patient quality of life and healthcare systems.Mucosal and his-tological healing have emerged as key therapeutic targets,offering better long-term outcomes compared with previous targets.However,accurate disease asse-ssment remains challenging because of interobserver variability and inconsis-tencies between endoscopic and histological findings.Artificial intelligence(AI)is transforming IBD care by enhancing the precision and reproducibility of disease evaluation.This review provided a structured synthesis of AI applications in IBD,organized by diagnostic,histological,and therapeutic domains,and highlighted comparative model performance such as machine learning classifiers(random forest,support vector machine)and deep learning models(convolutional and recurrent neural networks)with reported accuracy between 80%and 97%and areas under the curve ranging from 0.74 to 0.99.Beyond summarizing existing tools,the review emphasized the ability of AI to reduce diagnostic variability,improve early prediction of therapeutic response,and streamline clinical work-flows.These advancements support a shift toward personalized treatment strate-gies and more efficient care delivery.Additionally,we outlined the expanding role of AI in clinical trials in which it supports patient stratification,endpoint prediction,and automated data integration.
文摘In this article,we comment paper by Wang et al published recently.The study represents a notable step in the pursuit of precision medicine for inflammatory bowel diseases,offering valuable insights into the potential of noninvasive biomarkers for Crohn’s disease(CD)management.This article highlights the significance of the findings,particularly the identification of albumin and fibrinogen amplitude changes as effective,noninvasive biomarkers for predicting endoscopic improvement in CD.The authors introduce a reliable nomogram model,constructed through careful logistic regression analyses,that demonstrates high predictive accuracy across training,internal validation,and external validation cohorts.With further validation through calibration and decision curve analyses,this model shows its clinical relevance and applicability.By incorporating albumin and fibrinogen fluctuations into clinical decision-making,this model addresses a critical gap in noninvasive monitoring tools for CD,offering a practical,patient-centered alternative to guide therapeutic strategies.These findings not only validate the utility of the model but also pave the way for broader integration of biomarker-driven decision-making in the management of CD.This article discusses the broader implications of these advancements,emphasizing their potential to refine patient care and improve outcomes in CD management.
基金Supported by the European Union,the Romanian Government and the Health Program(Medical Applications of High-Power Lasers-Dr.LASER),cod MySMIS2021/SMIS2021+326475.
文摘Colorectal cancer is the third most diagnosed malignancy and the second-leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide.Management includes a combination of surgery,radiotherapy,and systemic therapy that is tailored to the stage of the disease.However,each tumor has a unique genetic profile that influences the treatment response and the overall prognosis.Biomarkers guide treatment decisions,but many chemotherapeutics lack reliable predictors.To bridge this gap patient-derived xenograft models were developed and are valuable preclinical tools.These systems utilize patient-derived tumor tissue grafted into an animal host that provides a platform for personalized drug profiling.This article surveyed recent advances in mouse and zebrafish colorectal cancer patient-derived xenografts,emphasizing their clinical utility for functional precision oncology.We explored the impact of these models on translational research,discussed current limitations,and outlined key priorities for future development.
文摘In this article,we comment on the article by Blüthner et al.The article provides a comprehensive analysis of the factors contributing to the late detection of Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis within a German cohort.It highlights the conse-quences on patient outcomes,particularly disease progression and the increased risk of developing complications.The study identifies specific predictors asso-ciated with both patient-related and physician-related delays,offering a detailed exploration of the initial approach.Additionally,the article delves into the distinct patterns observed in the German population,stressing the unique aspects of diagnostic delays that may differ from those reported in other regions.This detailed examination offers valuable insights into the specific challenges faced within the German healthcare system and underscores the necessity of targeted interventions to facilitate early diagnosis.The importance of improved screening tools,patient education,and better healthcare infrastructure is emphasized as crucial steps toward improving patient care in inflammatory bowel disease.
文摘Despite numerous research investigations to understand the influences of various structural parameters,to the authors'knowledge,no research has been the effect of different angles of incidence on stab response and performance of different types of protective textiles.Three distinct structures of 3D woven textiles and 2D plain weave fabric made with similar high-performance fiber and areal density were designed and manufactured to be tested.Two samples,one composed of a single and the other of 4-panel layers,from each fabric type structure,were prepared,and tested against stabbing at[0○],[22.5○],and[45○]angle of incidence.A new stabbing experimental setup that entertained testing of the specimens at various angles of incidence was engineered and utilized.The stabbing bench is also equipped with magnetic sensors and a UK Home Office Scientific Development Branch(HOSDB)/P1/B sharpness engineered knives to measure the impact velocity and exerted impact energy respectively.A silicon compound was utilized to imprint the Back Face Signature(BFS)on the backing material after every specimen test.Each silicon print was then scanned,digitized,and precisely measured to evaluate the stab response and performance of the specimen based on different performance variables,including Depth of Trauma(DOT),Depth of Penetration(DOP),and Length of Penetration(LOP).Besides,the post-impact surface failure modes of the fabrics were also measured using Image software and analyzed at the microscale level.The results show stab angle of incidence greatly influences the stab response and performance of protective textiles.The outcome of the study could provide not only valuable insights into understanding the stab response and capabilities of protective textiles under different angle of incidence,but also provide valuable information for protective textile manufacturer,armor developer and stab testing and standardizing organizations to consider the angle of incidence while developing,testing,optimizing,and using protective textiles in various applications.
文摘Stab-resistant textiles play a critical role in personal protection,necessitating a deeper understanding of how structural and layering factors influence their performance.The current study experimentally examines the effects of textile structure,layering,and ply orientation on the stab resistance of multi-layer textiles.Three 3D warp interlock(3DWI)structures({f1},{f2},{f3})and a 2D woven fabric({f4}),all made of high-performance p-aramid yarns,were engineered and manufactured.Multi-layer specimens were prepared and subjected to drop-weight stabbing tests following HOSBD standards.Stabbing performance metrics,including Depth of Trauma(DoT),Depth of Penetration(DoP),and trauma deformation(Ymax,Xmax),were investigated and analyzed.Statistical analyses(Two-and One-Way ANOVA)indicated that fabric type and layer number significantly impacted DoP(P<0.05),while ply orientation significantly affected DoP(P<0.05)but not DoT(P>0.05).Further detailed analysis revealed that 2D woven fabrics exhibited greater trauma deformation than 3D WIF structures.Increasing the number of layers reduced both DoP and DoT across all fabric structures,with f3 demonstrating the best performance in multi-layer configurations.Aligned ply orientations also enhanced stab resistance,underscoring the importance of alignment in dissipating impact energy.
文摘Pelargonium zonale is an important ornamental and medicinal plant.The purpose of this investigation was to evaluate the effects of conventional and unconventional fertilization on variations in the physicochemical parameters of the culture substrate(temperature,pH,and electrical conductivity)in two cultivars of Pelargonium zonale(L.)L’Hér.,grown in pots.This study was conducted under greenhouse conditions,using Pindstrup peat as the culture substrate.The analysis focused on how these physicochemical indicators of peat influenced plant height and development under fertilization conditions.Results revealed that in the‘Tango Salmon’cultivar,both fertilization regimes significantly modified substrate temperature and electrical conductivity(conventional fertilization leading to the highest electric conductivity values of 0.77 mS/cm)while in control,was observed the highest substrate temperature(21.24℃).In contrast,pH remained relatively stable across treatments.In the‘Tango Dark Red’cultivar,no significant differences were observed between substrate physicochemical parameters regardless of treatment.The multiple correlations coefficients values showed that substrate parameters influenced plant height with varying degrees of intensity depending on cultivar and fertilization scheme,reaching up the highest predictability of 60.6%in the‘Tango Dark Red’control variant.The study highlighted that physicochemical properties of the substrate(particularly electric conductivity and temperature)are for were the main contributors to optimal plant development and should be carefully managed within fertilization strategies.
文摘Abstract： Romania is famous of the potential of his vineyard, winemaking is a traditional occupation, in fact it can be said that there are many areas that can provide a vineyard product. Moreover, typicity and authenticity of a wine are defining conditions under conditions of fierce intemational competition to guarantee success of wine. There were concerns for determining areas with designation of origin from a vineyard that will produce quality wines, but the purpose of this study is to delimit the level of a vineyard small area that can ensure the achievement of a certain type of wine, a quality required by consumers. The research was made during 2006-2008 and revealed that the production of quality grapes and are influenced by different factors such as genetic, environmental and technological acting in complex. This is a first attempt to study characterize the concept of ＂terroir＂, as applied in the Copou vineyard from lasi county and provides information on the behavior of two varieties of grapes for wine： Feteasca Regala and Muscat Ottonel. Depending on the purpose, observations and calculations have found the influence of soil characteristics on several biochemical parameters and productive at varieties of Feteasca Regala and Muscat Ottonel （soluble carbohydrate content, total acidity, the average yield of grapes） for the purpose of knowledge than a more detailed wine center in northeast of Romania. The results of this study can be used to determine with precision small areas crop at the parcel that will produce quality wines.
文摘AIM To perform a systematic review and meta-analysis on proton pump inhibitors(PPIs) therapy and the risk of Clostridium difficile infection(CDI). METHODS We conducted a systematic search of MEDLINE/Pub Med and seven other databases through January 1990 to March 2017 for published studies that evaluated the association between PPIs and CDI. Adult case-control and cohort studies providing information on the association between PPI therapy and the development of CDI were included. Pooled odds ratios(ORs) estimates with 95% confidence intervals(CIs) were calculated using the random effect. Heterogeneity was assessed by I^2 test and Cochran's Q statistic.Potential publication bias was evaluated via funnel plot, and quality of studies by the Newcastle-Otawa Quality Assessment Scale(NOS). RESULTS Fifty-six studies(40 case-control and 16 cohort) involving 356683 patients met the inclusion criteria and were analyzed. Both the overall pooled estimates and subgroup analyses showed increased risk for CDI despite substantial statistical heterogeneity among studies. Meta-analysis of all studies combined showed a significant association between PPI users and the risk of CDI(pooled OR = 1.99, CI: 1.73-2.30, P < 0.001) as compared with non-users. The association remained significant in subgroup analyses: by design-case-control(OR = 2.00, CI: 1.68-2.38, P < 0.0001), and cohort(OR = 1.98, CI: 1.51-2.59, P < 0.0001); adjusted(OR = 1.95, CI: 1.67-2.27, P < 0.0001) and unadjusted(OR = 2.02, CI: 1.41-2.91, P < 0.0001); unicenter(OR = 2.18, CI: 1.72-2.75, P < 0.0001) and multicenter(OR = 1.82, CI: 1.51-2.19, P < 0.0001); age ≥ 65 years(OR = 1.93, CI: 1.40-2.68, P < 0.0001) and < 65 years(OR = 2.06, CI: 1.11-3.81, P < 0.01). No significant differences were found in subgroup analyses(test for heterogeneity): P = 0.93 for case-control vs cohort, P = 0.85 for adjusted vs unadjusted, P = 0.24 for unicenter vs multicenter, P = 0.86 for age ≥ 65 years and < 65 years. There was significant heterogeneity across studies(I^2 = 85.4%, P < 0.001) as well as evidence of publication bias(funnel plot asymmetry test, P = 0.002). CONCLUSION This meta-analysis provides further evidence that PPI use is associated with an increased risk for development of CDI. Further high-quality, prospective studies are needed to assess whether this association is causal.
文摘Helicobacter pylori(H.pylori)is one of the most common chronic bacterial infections in humans,affecting half of world’s population.Therapy for H.pylori infection has proven to be both effective and safe.The oneweek triple therapy including proton pump inhibitor,clarithromycin,and amoxicillin or metronidazole is still recommended as a first-line treatment to eradicate H.pylori infection in countries with low clarithromycin resistance.Generally,this therapy is well-tolerated,with only a few and usually minor side effects.However,rare but severe adverse effects such as pseudomembranous colitis have been reported,Clostridium difficile(C.difficile)infection being the main causative factor in all cases.We report the cases of two women who developed pseudomembranous colitis after a 1-wk triple therapy consisting of pantoprazole 20 mg bid,clarithromycin 500 mg bid,and amoxicillin 1 g bid to eradicate H.pylori infection.A limited colonoscopy showed typical appearance of pseudomembranous colitis,and the stool test for C.difficile toxins was positive.Rapid resolution of symptoms and negative C.difficile toxins were obtained in both patients with oral vancomycin.No relapse occurred during a four and eleven-month,respectively,follow up.These cases suggest that physicians should have a high index of suspicion for pseudomembranous colitis when evaluate patients with diarrhea following H.pylori eradication therapy.
文摘Since its introduction into clinical practice 15 years ago,capsule endoscopy(CE)has become the first-line investigation procedure in some small bowel pathologies,and more recently,dedicated esophageal and colon CE have expanded the fields of application to include the upper and lower gastrointestinal disorders.During this time,CE has become increasingly popular among gastroenterologists,with more than 2 million capsule examinations performed worldwide,and nearly 3000Pub Med-listed studies on its different aspects published.This huge interest in CE may be explained by its noninvasive nature,patient comfort,safety,and access to anatomical regions unattainable via conventional endoscopy.However,CE has several limitations which impede its wider clinical applications,including the lack of therapeutic capabilities,inability to obtain biopsies and control its locomotion.Several research groups are currently working to overcome these limitations,while novel devices able to control capsule movement,obtain high quality images,insufflate the gut lumen,perform chromoendoscopy,biopsy of suspect lesions,or even deliver targeted drugs directly to specific sites are under development.Overlooking current limitations,especially as some of them have already been successfully surmounted,and based on the tremendous progress in technology,it is expected that,by the end of next 15years,CE able to perform both diagnostic and therapeutic procedures will remain the major form of digestive endoscopy.This review summarizes the literature that prognosticates about the future developments of CE.
文摘Although a considerable number of studies support a substantial increase in incidence, severity, and healthcare costs for Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), only few evaluate its impact on IBD outcome. Medline and several other electronic databases from January 1993 to October 2013 were searched in order to identify potentially relevant literature. Most of the studies showed that IBD patients with CDI present a greater proportion of worse outcomes than those without CDI. These patients have longer length of hospital stay, higher rates of colectomies, and increased mortality. Patients with ulcerative colitis are more susceptible to CDI and have more severe outcomes than those with Crohn’s disease. However, studies reported variable results in both short- and long-term outcomes. Contrasting results were also found between studies using nationwide data and those reporting from single-center, or between some North-American and European studies. An important limitation of all studies analyzed was their retrospective design. Due to contrasting data often provided by retrospective studies, further prospective multi-center studies are necessary to evaluate CDI impact on IBD outcome. Until then, a rapid diagnosis and adequate therapy of infection are of paramount importance to improve IBD patients’ outcome. The aim of this article is to provide up to date information regarding CDI impact on outcome in IBD patients.
文摘The use of stem cells as carriers for therapeutic agents is an appealing modality for targeting tissues or organs of interest. Combined delivery of cells together with various information molecules as therapeutic agents has the potential to enhance, modulate or even initiate local or systemic repair processes, increasing stem cell efficiency for regenerative medicine applications. Stem-cell-mediated delivery of genes, proteins or small molecules takes advantage of the innate capability of stem cells to migrate and home to injury sites. As the native migratory properties are affected by in vitro expansion, the existent methods for enhancing stem cell targeting capabilities(modified culture methods, genetic modification, cell surface engineering) are described. The role of various nanoparticles in eq-uipping stem cells with therapeutic small molecules is revised together with their class-specific advantages and shortcomings. Modalities to circumvent common challenges when designing a stem-cell-mediated targeted delivery system are described as well as future prospects in using this approach for regenerative medicine applications.
基金Project (PN-II-ID-PCE-2011-3-0218) supported by the Romanian National Authority for Scientific Research,CNCS-UEFISCDI
文摘Corrosion behaviour of the studied Ti12Mo and Ti60Ta alloys with the same Mo equivalent values （12%, mass fraction） together with the currently used metallic biomaterials Cp-Ti were investigated for dental applications. The electrochemical properties of the samples were examined using electrochemical techniques： such as open-circuit potential, potentiodynamic polarization curves and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy （EIS）, in two electrochemical media of artificial saliva and fluoridated artificial saliva （0.1%fluoride ions, F-） at 37 °C. Fluoride is commonly included in toothpastes, odontological gels and dental rinses to prevent dental caries and relieve dental sensitivity. The passive behaviour for all the titanium samples is observed for both solutions. The Ti60Ta alloy appears to possess superior corrosion resistance than the Ti12Mo and Cp-Ti in both electrochemical media.
文摘Adipose tissue(AT)is recognized as a complex organ involved in major homeostatic body functions,such as food intake,energy balance,immunomodulation,development and growth,and functioning of the reproductive organs.The role of AT in tissue and organ homeostasis,repair and regeneration is increasingly recognized.Different AT compartments(white AT,brown AT and bone marrow AT)and their interrelation with bone metabolism will be presented.AT-derived stem cell populations-adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells and pluripotentlike stem cells.Multilineage differentiating stress-enduring and dedifferentiated fat cells can be obtained in relatively high quantities compared to other sources.Their role in different strategies of bone and fracture healing tissue engineering and cell therapy will be described.The current use of AT-or AT-derived stem cell populations for fracture healing and bone regenerative strategies will be presented,as well as major challenges in furthering bone regenerative strategies to clinical settings.
文摘AIM: To assess the inflammatory cytokines expression in aqueous humor in diabetic primary open angle glaucoma(POAG) patients. METHODS: A cross-sectional study on 87 eyes, distributed as following: 26 eyes from diabetic patients, 16 eyes with POAG and 21 eyes from diabetic POAG patients; healthy controls(24 eyes) were recruited from patients undergoing conventional cataract surgery. A volume of 100 μL of aqueous humor(AH) was collected during phacoemulsification and 21 inflammatory markers were quantified using a Luminex~? cytometric bead assay: IL-1 Ra, IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-5, IL-6, IL-10, IL-17, GM-CSF, IFNγ, CCL2, CCL3, CCL4, CXCL5, CXCL8, bFGF, VEGF, TNFα. Main changes in cytokine profile were analyzed and compared between groups. Data on demographics, duration of glaucoma, intraocular pressure(IOP), number of anti-glaucoma substances were recorded for correlation analysis and prediction models. RESULTS: Significant differences in cytokine expression between groups were detected for CXCL5(P<0.001), CXCL8(P=0.004), IL-1α(P<0.001), IL-2(P<0.001), CCL4(P=0.003), CCL5(P<0.001) and TNFα(P=0.05). Post-hoc analysis identified IL-2(P=0.009) and CXCL5(P<0.001) as "separation markers" between POAG and diabetic POAG eyes. In POAG patients, the "separation markers" could highly predict the TNFα levels F(1, 16)=14.639, P<0.001, whereas in diabetic patients F(1, 24)=4.844, P=0.006 and diabetic POAG patients F(1, 19)=2.358, P=0.05 the level of prediction was inferior.CONCLUSION: Our results reveal an inflammatory model based on increased TNFα levels in POAG eyes.Simultaneous co-stimulatory molecules and additional inflammatory pathways need to be further explored in diabetic POAG cases, since the prediction model could only partially explain the increased TNFα level in this category of patients.
