Isotopic fragment yields of projectile fragmentation in peripheral collisions of^(86)Kr on^(124;112)Sn and the mean neutron-to-proton ratios of the fragments are calculated, theoretically, within the ensemble approach...Isotopic fragment yields of projectile fragmentation in peripheral collisions of^(86)Kr on^(124;112)Sn and the mean neutron-to-proton ratios of the fragments are calculated, theoretically, within the ensemble approach of statistical multifragmentation model. Obtained data are compared to the experimental cross-section measurements for the projectile-like fragmentation in the reaction of 25 Me V/nucleon^(86)Kr+^(124;112)Sn at Texas A&M University.We show the enhancement in the production of neutronrich isotopes close to the projectile as observed in the experiments. We also demonstrate the universality of the limitation of the excitation energy induced in the projectile residues.展开更多
From 2008 to 2010, a total of 15 snow pit samples were collected from 13 mountain glaciers in western China. In this study these samples are used to determine the spatial distribution of insoluble particle concentrati...From 2008 to 2010, a total of 15 snow pit samples were collected from 13 mountain glaciers in western China. In this study these samples are used to determine the spatial distribution of insoluble particle concentrations and dust deposition fluxes in western China. The results show that the mass concentrations of insoluble particles exhibit high spatial variation and strongly decrease （by a factor of approximately 50） from the north （Tienshan Mountains） to the south （Himalayas）. However, the insoluble particles concentrations at the southeastern Tibetan Plateau （TP） sites are also high and ap- proximately 30 times greater than those in the Himalayas. The spatial distribution of the dust flux is similar to that of the mass concentrations; however, the high dust deposition rate in the southeastern TP is very significant as a result of the extensive snow accumulation （precipitation） in this region. The average sizes of the insoluble particles at each site generally exhibit bimodal distributions with peaks at approximately 5 μm and 10 μm, which can be explained as re- sulting from dust emissions from regional and local sources, respectively. The enrichment factors for most of the elements measured in insoluble particles are less than 10 at all of the study sites, indicating primarily crustal sources. However, the sites located in the peripheral mountains of western China, such as the Tienshan Mountains and the Himalayas, are characterized by high levels of certain enrichment elements （e.g., Cu, Zn, Cr, and V） indicative of sources related to the long-range transport of pollutants.展开更多
We study the scaling behavior of the linear response in the quench dynamics in the one-dimensional transverse-field Ising model.It is found that the leading response of the system scales linearly with the system size....We study the scaling behavior of the linear response in the quench dynamics in the one-dimensional transverse-field Ising model.It is found that the leading response of the system scales linearly with the system size.By considering the second derivative of the leading term of the response,we also found that it exhibits a non-trivial scaling behavior at the quantum critical point of the model.展开更多
We address the possibility of the classical Zeno effect in classical stochastic processes as sampled by transferring a digitized image through a classical channel with surrounding noise.It is shown that the the classi...We address the possibility of the classical Zeno effect in classical stochastic processes as sampled by transferring a digitized image through a classical channel with surrounding noise.It is shown that the the classical state of the image decays inevitably with the distance of the channel due to the interference of the surroundings.However,if there are enough repeaters,which can both check and recover the state’s information,the classical state’s decay rate will be significantly suppressed,then a classical Zeno effect might occur.展开更多
We propose a new approach to quantum phase transitions in terms of the density-functional fidelity, which measures the similarity between density distributions of two ground states in parameter space. The key feature ...We propose a new approach to quantum phase transitions in terms of the density-functional fidelity, which measures the similarity between density distributions of two ground states in parameter space. The key feature of the approach is such that the density-functional fidelity can be measured easily in experiments. Both the validity and versatility of the approach are checked by the Lipkin-Meshkov-Glick model and the one-dimensional Hubbard model.展开更多
Using the numerical unrestricted Hartree-Fock approach, we study the ground state of a two-orbital model describing newly discovered FeAs-based superconductors. We observe the competition of a （0, π） mode spin-dens...Using the numerical unrestricted Hartree-Fock approach, we study the ground state of a two-orbital model describing newly discovered FeAs-based superconductors. We observe the competition of a （0, π） mode spin-density wave and the superconductivity as the doping concentration changes. side where the magnetism and superconductivity coexist. The orbital even, and coexisting sxy ＋dx^2-y^2 wave （even parity）. There might be a small region in the electron-doping superconducting pairing is found to be spin singlet,展开更多
Based on the Bethe-Ansatz solution of the one-dimensional Heisenberg model under twist boundary conditions, we study the spectra of the persistent current carried by the low-lying excited states. It is shown that thou...Based on the Bethe-Ansatz solution of the one-dimensional Heisenberg model under twist boundary conditions, we study the spectra of the persistent current carried by the low-lying excited states. It is shown that though the energy spectra of spin-singlet and spin-triplet excitations are degenerate, their persistent current spectra are quite different.展开更多
We study the thermal entanglement by means of concurrence in a two-qubit isotropic XY model in the presence of site-dependent external magnetic fields in arbitrary directions. We find that at a given temperature and m...We study the thermal entanglement by means of concurrence in a two-qubit isotropic XY model in the presence of site-dependent external magnetic fields in arbitrary directions. We find that at a given temperature and magnetic field strength, the mirror symmetry of the two fields about the x-y plane is a necessary condition for maximum entanglement. However, if there is no constraint on the field strengths, then the necessary condition for maximum entanglement reduces to the configuration that the two fields are vertical, anti-parallel and with the same strength. We also investigate the anisotropic XY model and find that the above conclusion more or less holds.展开更多
We numerically investigate the ground-state properties of a trapped Bose–Einstein condensate with quadrupole–quadrupole interaction.We quantitatively characterize the deformations of the condensate induced by the qu...We numerically investigate the ground-state properties of a trapped Bose–Einstein condensate with quadrupole–quadrupole interaction.We quantitatively characterize the deformations of the condensate induced by the quadrupolar interaction.We also map out the stability diagram of the condensates and explore the trap geometry dependence of the stability.展开更多
Since the start of the Precision Medicine Initiative by the United States of America in 2015,interest in personalized medicine has grown extensively.In short,personalized medicine is a term that describes medical trea...Since the start of the Precision Medicine Initiative by the United States of America in 2015,interest in personalized medicine has grown extensively.In short,personalized medicine is a term that describes medical treatment that is tuned to the individual.One possible way to realize personalized medicine is 3D printing.When using materials that can be tuned upon stimulation,4D printing is established.In recent years,many studies have been exploring a new field that combines 3D and 4D printing with therapeutics.This has resulted in many concepts of pharmaceutical devices and formulations that can be printed and,possibly,tailored to an individual.Moreover,the first 3D printed drug,Spritam®,has already found its way to the clinic.This review gives an overview of various 3D and 4D printing techniques and their applications in the pharmaceutical field as drug delivery systems and personalized medicine.展开更多
The Raman activeGmode in graphene exhibits a strong coupling to electrons,yet the comprehensive treatment of this interaction in the calculation of its temperature-dependent Raman spectrumremains incomplete.In this st...The Raman activeGmode in graphene exhibits a strong coupling to electrons,yet the comprehensive treatment of this interaction in the calculation of its temperature-dependent Raman spectrumremains incomplete.In this study,we calculate the temperature dependence of the G-mode frequency and linewidth,and successfully explain the experimental trend by accounting for the contributions arising from the first-order electron-phonon coupling,electron-mediated phonon-phonon coupling,and standard lattice anharmonicity.The generality of our approach enables its broad applicability to study phonon dynamics in materials where both electron-phonon coupling and anharmonicity are important.展开更多
The dynamics of high-altitude inland lakes in the Tibetan Plateau are sensitive indicators of climate change. Due to the remoteness and hard access, satellite altimetry becomes an effective approach to obtaining large...The dynamics of high-altitude inland lakes in the Tibetan Plateau are sensitive indicators of climate change. Due to the remoteness and hard access, satellite altimetry becomes an effective approach to obtaining largescale and temporally continuous information of lake-level changes. The CryoSat-2 altimetry is expected to solve the current problem that earlier radar altimeters are only practical for monitoring large water bodies, while ICESat laser altimetry is available only for the period 2003-2009. In this study, the comparison of CryoSat-2 altimetry for Namco with in situ water-level data suggests a high cor- relation coefficient of 0.71 （P 〈 0.01）, with the mean error of -0.12 m and root-mean-square error of 0.18 m. Further, the combination of ICESat and CryoSat-2 altimetry data and in situ lake-level observations reveals a rapid water- level rise of 0.24 4- 0.04 m/year during 2003-2008 and then a slightly decreasing trend of -0.09 4- 0.04 m/year during 2009-2013. This study suggests that the CryoSat-2 altimetry has the potential of sustaining the fine observa- tions on Tibetan lakes, following the ICESat mission. Besides, the examination of four key climatic variables （temperature, precipitation, potential evapotranspiration, and relative humidity） during 1990-2013 indicates that the wetting climate over Namco Basin stagnated or even reversed around 2006, which may be tightly related to the slowing lake growth.展开更多
Warming increases competition among plant species in alpine communities by ameliorating harsh environmental conditions,such as low temperatures. Grazing, as the main human activity, may mitigate the effect of warming,...Warming increases competition among plant species in alpine communities by ameliorating harsh environmental conditions,such as low temperatures. Grazing, as the main human activity, may mitigate the effect of warming, as previously reported.However, it is critical to refine the effects of warming on biotic interactions among species, for example, by taking the competitive ability of species into consideration. Based on a 10-year warming and grazing experiment in a Tibetan alpine meadow, we evaluated interspecific biotic interactions of dominant and subordinate species, using the approach of interspecific spatial associations. Warming significantly increased competition between subordinate and dominant species as well as among subordinate species, but not among dominant species. Moreover, facilitation of dominant-subordinate species also increased under warming. Simulated rotational grazing had similar effects to warming, with increasing interspecific competition. Our results show that, when studying the effects of warming on biotic interactions among species, it is necessary to characterize different species pairs relative to their competitive ability, and that simulated rotational grazing does not mitigate the effects of warming in the long term. Our results also provide evidence that the spatial pattern of species is a critical mechanism in species coexistence.展开更多
文摘Isotopic fragment yields of projectile fragmentation in peripheral collisions of^(86)Kr on^(124;112)Sn and the mean neutron-to-proton ratios of the fragments are calculated, theoretically, within the ensemble approach of statistical multifragmentation model. Obtained data are compared to the experimental cross-section measurements for the projectile-like fragmentation in the reaction of 25 Me V/nucleon^(86)Kr+^(124;112)Sn at Texas A&M University.We show the enhancement in the production of neutronrich isotopes close to the projectile as observed in the experiments. We also demonstrate the universality of the limitation of the excitation energy induced in the projectile residues.
基金supported by grants from the Hundred Talents Program of Chinese Academy of Sciencesthe Science Fund for Creative Research Groups of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)(41121001,ISIS584763SN:5609773)the Scientific Research Foundation of the Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Sciences(SKLCS-ZZ-2014-01-04)
文摘From 2008 to 2010, a total of 15 snow pit samples were collected from 13 mountain glaciers in western China. In this study these samples are used to determine the spatial distribution of insoluble particle concentrations and dust deposition fluxes in western China. The results show that the mass concentrations of insoluble particles exhibit high spatial variation and strongly decrease （by a factor of approximately 50） from the north （Tienshan Mountains） to the south （Himalayas）. However, the insoluble particles concentrations at the southeastern Tibetan Plateau （TP） sites are also high and ap- proximately 30 times greater than those in the Himalayas. The spatial distribution of the dust flux is similar to that of the mass concentrations; however, the high dust deposition rate in the southeastern TP is very significant as a result of the extensive snow accumulation （precipitation） in this region. The average sizes of the insoluble particles at each site generally exhibit bimodal distributions with peaks at approximately 5 μm and 10 μm, which can be explained as re- sulting from dust emissions from regional and local sources, respectively. The enrichment factors for most of the elements measured in insoluble particles are less than 10 at all of the study sites, indicating primarily crustal sources. However, the sites located in the peripheral mountains of western China, such as the Tienshan Mountains and the Himalayas, are characterized by high levels of certain enrichment elements （e.g., Cu, Zn, Cr, and V） indicative of sources related to the long-range transport of pollutants.
基金Supported by the Earmarked Grant Research from the Research Grants Council of HKSAR of China under Grant No HKUST3/CRF/09.
文摘We study the scaling behavior of the linear response in the quench dynamics in the one-dimensional transverse-field Ising model.It is found that the leading response of the system scales linearly with the system size.By considering the second derivative of the leading term of the response,we also found that it exhibits a non-trivial scaling behavior at the quantum critical point of the model.
基金Supported by the Earmarked Grant Research from the Research Grants Council of HKSAR,China(No CUHK 400807).
文摘We address the possibility of the classical Zeno effect in classical stochastic processes as sampled by transferring a digitized image through a classical channel with surrounding noise.It is shown that the the classical state of the image decays inevitably with the distance of the channel due to the interference of the surroundings.However,if there are enough repeaters,which can both check and recover the state’s information,the classical state’s decay rate will be significantly suppressed,then a classical Zeno effect might occur.
文摘We propose a new approach to quantum phase transitions in terms of the density-functional fidelity, which measures the similarity between density distributions of two ground states in parameter space. The key feature of the approach is such that the density-functional fidelity can be measured easily in experiments. Both the validity and versatility of the approach are checked by the Lipkin-Meshkov-Glick model and the one-dimensional Hubbard model.
基金Project supported by the Earmarked Grant for Research from the Research Grants Council of HKSAR,China (Grant Nos CUHK402205 and HKU3/05C)
文摘Using the numerical unrestricted Hartree-Fock approach, we study the ground state of a two-orbital model describing newly discovered FeAs-based superconductors. We observe the competition of a （0, π） mode spin-density wave and the superconductivity as the doping concentration changes. side where the magnetism and superconductivity coexist. The orbital even, and coexisting sxy ＋dx^2-y^2 wave （even parity）. There might be a small region in the electron-doping superconducting pairing is found to be spin singlet,
文摘Based on the Bethe-Ansatz solution of the one-dimensional Heisenberg model under twist boundary conditions, we study the spectra of the persistent current carried by the low-lying excited states. It is shown that though the energy spectra of spin-singlet and spin-triplet excitations are degenerate, their persistent current spectra are quite different.
文摘We study the thermal entanglement by means of concurrence in a two-qubit isotropic XY model in the presence of site-dependent external magnetic fields in arbitrary directions. We find that at a given temperature and magnetic field strength, the mirror symmetry of the two fields about the x-y plane is a necessary condition for maximum entanglement. However, if there is no constraint on the field strengths, then the necessary condition for maximum entanglement reduces to the configuration that the two fields are vertical, anti-parallel and with the same strength. We also investigate the anisotropic XY model and find that the above conclusion more or less holds.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.11434011,11674334,and 11747601)the Key Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant No.XDPB08-1)
文摘We numerically investigate the ground-state properties of a trapped Bose–Einstein condensate with quadrupole–quadrupole interaction.We quantitatively characterize the deformations of the condensate induced by the quadrupolar interaction.We also map out the stability diagram of the condensates and explore the trap geometry dependence of the stability.
文摘Since the start of the Precision Medicine Initiative by the United States of America in 2015,interest in personalized medicine has grown extensively.In short,personalized medicine is a term that describes medical treatment that is tuned to the individual.One possible way to realize personalized medicine is 3D printing.When using materials that can be tuned upon stimulation,4D printing is established.In recent years,many studies have been exploring a new field that combines 3D and 4D printing with therapeutics.This has resulted in many concepts of pharmaceutical devices and formulations that can be printed and,possibly,tailored to an individual.Moreover,the first 3D printed drug,Spritam®,has already found its way to the clinic.This review gives an overview of various 3D and 4D printing techniques and their applications in the pharmaceutical field as drug delivery systems and personalized medicine.
基金support from the Croatian Science Foundation(Grant no.UIP-2019-04-6869 and UIP-2020-02-5675)from the European Regional Development Fund for the"Center of Excellence for Advanced Materials and Sensing Devices"(Grant No.KK.01.1.1.01.0001)+6 种基金as well as from the project"Podizanje znanstvene izvrsnosti Centra za napredne laserske tehnike(CALTboost)"financed by the European Union through the National Recovery and Resilience Plan 2021-2026(NRPP)J.P.B.,A.C.,and M.J.V.acknowledge computing time from a PRACE award granting access to Discoverer at SofiaTech in Bulgaria(OptoSpin project id.2020225411)EuroHPC(Extreme grant EHPC-EXT-2023E02-050)on Marenostrum5 at BSC,Spain,by the CECI(FRS-FNRS Belgium Grant No.2.5020.11)the Lucia Tier-1 of the Fédération Wallonie-Bruxelles(Walloon)support from ARC project DREAMS(G.A.21/25-11)funded by Federation Wallonie Bruxelles and ULiegethe EUSpecLab MSCA DTN network funded by EU Horizon Europe(G.A.101073486)the Excellence of Science project CONNECT(G.A.40007563)funded by FWO and FNRS.
文摘The Raman activeGmode in graphene exhibits a strong coupling to electrons,yet the comprehensive treatment of this interaction in the calculation of its temperature-dependent Raman spectrumremains incomplete.In this study,we calculate the temperature dependence of the G-mode frequency and linewidth,and successfully explain the experimental trend by accounting for the contributions arising from the first-order electron-phonon coupling,electron-mediated phonon-phonon coupling,and standard lattice anharmonicity.The generality of our approach enables its broad applicability to study phonon dynamics in materials where both electron-phonon coupling and anharmonicity are important.
基金supported by the National Special Basic Research Project of the Ministry of Science and Technology(2013FY111400-2,2009CB723901)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(41120114001,41125003,41071254,40971048)+3 种基金the European Space Agency(ESA AO 2605)the Knowledge Innovation Foundation Program for outstanding Young Scholar of Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS)(KZCX2-EWQN104)supported by Open Research Fund of Key Laboratory of Tibetan Environmental Changes and Land Surface Processes in Chinese Academy of SciencesOpen Fund of State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science
文摘The dynamics of high-altitude inland lakes in the Tibetan Plateau are sensitive indicators of climate change. Due to the remoteness and hard access, satellite altimetry becomes an effective approach to obtaining largescale and temporally continuous information of lake-level changes. The CryoSat-2 altimetry is expected to solve the current problem that earlier radar altimeters are only practical for monitoring large water bodies, while ICESat laser altimetry is available only for the period 2003-2009. In this study, the comparison of CryoSat-2 altimetry for Namco with in situ water-level data suggests a high cor- relation coefficient of 0.71 （P 〈 0.01）, with the mean error of -0.12 m and root-mean-square error of 0.18 m. Further, the combination of ICESat and CryoSat-2 altimetry data and in situ lake-level observations reveals a rapid water- level rise of 0.24 4- 0.04 m/year during 2003-2008 and then a slightly decreasing trend of -0.09 4- 0.04 m/year during 2009-2013. This study suggests that the CryoSat-2 altimetry has the potential of sustaining the fine observa- tions on Tibetan lakes, following the ICESat mission. Besides, the examination of four key climatic variables （temperature, precipitation, potential evapotranspiration, and relative humidity） during 1990-2013 indicates that the wetting climate over Namco Basin stagnated or even reversed around 2006, which may be tightly related to the slowing lake growth.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(41230750,31402121)the National Basic Research Program of China(2013CB956000)+1 种基金the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2016YFC0501802)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2013M541050)
文摘Warming increases competition among plant species in alpine communities by ameliorating harsh environmental conditions,such as low temperatures. Grazing, as the main human activity, may mitigate the effect of warming, as previously reported.However, it is critical to refine the effects of warming on biotic interactions among species, for example, by taking the competitive ability of species into consideration. Based on a 10-year warming and grazing experiment in a Tibetan alpine meadow, we evaluated interspecific biotic interactions of dominant and subordinate species, using the approach of interspecific spatial associations. Warming significantly increased competition between subordinate and dominant species as well as among subordinate species, but not among dominant species. Moreover, facilitation of dominant-subordinate species also increased under warming. Simulated rotational grazing had similar effects to warming, with increasing interspecific competition. Our results show that, when studying the effects of warming on biotic interactions among species, it is necessary to characterize different species pairs relative to their competitive ability, and that simulated rotational grazing does not mitigate the effects of warming in the long term. Our results also provide evidence that the spatial pattern of species is a critical mechanism in species coexistence.
