Dear Editor,The long-term use of copper(Cu)fungicides to prevent downy mildew of vine led to the accumulation of Cu in vineyard topsoils(Komárek et al.,2010;Droz et al.,2021),which may alter the functioning and s...Dear Editor,The long-term use of copper(Cu)fungicides to prevent downy mildew of vine led to the accumulation of Cu in vineyard topsoils(Komárek et al.,2010;Droz et al.,2021),which may alter the functioning and sustainability of vineyard ecosystems(Cornu et al.,2022).展开更多
Aerobic glycolysis,also known as the Warburg effect,and the accumulation of lactate that it causes,are increasingly recognized outside the field of oncology as triggers of chronic non-neoplastic disorders.This review ...Aerobic glycolysis,also known as the Warburg effect,and the accumulation of lactate that it causes,are increasingly recognized outside the field of oncology as triggers of chronic non-neoplastic disorders.This review integrates preclinical and clinical evidence to evaluate the ability of melatonin to reverseWarburg-effect-like metabolic reprogramming.Literature on neurodegeneration,age-related sarcopenia,type 2 diabetes,chronic kidney disease,heart failure and pulmonary arterial hypertension(PAH)has been reviewed and synthesised.In all of these conditions,hypoxia-inducible factor 1α(HIF-1α)and pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 4(PDK4)inhibit the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex.This diverts pyruvate away fromthe tricarboxylic acid(TCA)cycle and promotes glycolysis.In cell and animal models,melatonin consistently inhibits PDK4,destabilizes HIF-1αunder normoxic conditions,activates SIRT1/3-dependentmitochondrial biogenesis andmitophagy,and eliminates reactive oxygen and nitrogen species.These actions reduce lactate production,restore oxidative phosphorylation and attenuate tissue damage.This appears to induce cognitive and synaptic improvements in Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s disease models,increased muscle mass and function in ageing rodents,improved insulin sensitivity alongside suppression of hepatic gluconeogenesis in diabetic models,reduced fibrosis in nephropathy,and normalization of vascular remodeling in hypoxia-induced pulmonary arterial hypertension(PAH).Early-stage clinical trials corroborate a decrease in oxidative and inflammatorymarkers,improved sleep quality and modest cognitive benefits.However,they report conflicting effects on insulin sensitivity,which are largely related to the dose and timing of administration in relation to food intake.Overall,the current data suggest that melatonin is a pleiotropic metabolic modulator capable of counteracting the Warburg phenotype in multiple organs.However,human studies remain scarce,and well-designed randomised trials incorporating chronotherapy are needed before clinical adoption.展开更多
Cadmium(Cd)is a toxic trace metal that occurs naturally in agricultural soils and can accumulate in the edible parts of crops,notably in cereal grains.This study investigated the extent to which sulfur(S)fertilization...Cadmium(Cd)is a toxic trace metal that occurs naturally in agricultural soils and can accumulate in the edible parts of crops,notably in cereal grains.This study investigated the extent to which sulfur(S)fertilization increases the availability of Cd in a calcareous(Calc)and a non-calcareous(Ncalc)soil.Changes in Cd availability and speciation were monitored over a 21-d incubation period,along with changes in pH and the concentrations of sulfate,nitrate,calcium,magnesium,aluminum(Al),manganese(Mn),and nickel(Ni)in the potassium nitrate(KNO_(3))extracts,after the addition at agronomic rates of three forms of S fertilizers:elemental S(S(0)),potassium sulfate(K_(2)SO_(4)),and ammonium sulfate((NH_(4))_(2)SO_(4)).Elemental S did not increase the Cd concentration in the KNO_(3)extracts of either soil due to its too limited oxidation to sulfates.The two sulfate fertilizers had contrasting effects on Cd concentration depending on the nature of the counter cation(K^(+)or NH_(4)^(+)).While K_(2)SO_(4)caused almost no change in Cd concentration in either soil,(NH_(4))_(2)SO_(4)increased Cd concentration in both soils.The nitrification of NH_(4)^(+)reduced soil pH,thereby increasing the concentrations of Cd,Al,Mn,and Ni in the Ncalc soil over time,as evidenced by the strong negative correlations between soil pH and the concentrations of these four elements in the KNO3 extract after 21 d.In the Calc soil,the mechanism of Cd concentration increase after(NH_(4))_(2)SO_(4)addition was more difficult to understand and could result from the proton-mediated alteration of Cd-bearing phases such as carbonates,following ammonia(NH_(3))volatilization.The relevance of these results for the S fertilization of cereals in Cd-contaminated soils is discussed.展开更多
Sustainability is a leading trend in the context of food production.Additionally,consumers increasingly demand safer and less-processed products.Among the different technologies used to maintain the quality and extend...Sustainability is a leading trend in the context of food production.Additionally,consumers increasingly demand safer and less-processed products.Among the different technologies used to maintain the quality and extend the shelf-life of fresh and minimally-processed food,natural antimicrobial agents offer a promising strategy to replace conventional compounds.In this regard,phage lytic proteins or lysins,such as endolysins and virion-associated peptidoglycan hydrolases(VAPGHs),have been proposed as a viable option for the avoidance and elimination of undesirable bacteria within the food production chain.Even when applied exogenously,these proteins can degrade the bacterial cell wall maintaining their lytic activity.This feature,alongside their modular structure,which can be exploited for bioengineering,provides significant biotechnological potential.However,despite the promising properties of lysins,the main obstacle for their commercialization is the limited legal information regulating their use.This challenge underscores the need to navigate complex regulatory pathways.The primary objective of this review is to address this crucial gap and summarize the many prospective applications of endolysins during the different stages of food production.By doing so,we aim to provide clarity and insight into the regulatory challenges that must be overcome for the successful utilization of lysins.展开更多
Coffee wilt represents one of the most devastating diseases of Arabica coffee(Coffea arabica L.)plantations in the primary coffee-producing regions.In this study,coffee trees manifesting wilt symptoms accompanied by t...Coffee wilt represents one of the most devastating diseases of Arabica coffee(Coffea arabica L.)plantations in the primary coffee-producing regions.In this study,coffee trees manifesting wilt symptoms accompanied by the defoliation and drying of the whole tree were observed in the Jazan,El Baha,Najran,and Asir regions.The purpose of this investigation was to isolate and identify the Fusarium species recovered from symptomatic coffee trees.The developed fungi were initially characterized based on their morphological features followed by molecular phylogenetic multi-locus analysis of the combined sequences of ITS,TEF1-α,RPB2,and CaM.Twenty-five isolates were recovered from 28 samples.All fungal isolates were categorized morphologically under the genus Fusarium.Phylogenetic analysis positioned all the representative 15 isolates into one cluster grouping together with Neocosmospora falciformis(formerly F.falciforme)confirming their taxonomic position.Pathogenicity tests of the N.falciformis isolates were subsequently conducted on coffee seedlings,and the results revealed that all isolates induced wilt symptoms resembling those recorded in the field,and the incidence was 100%.The fungicide sensitivity test of seven investigated fungicides revealed that Maxim XL^(®) followed by Moncut^(®) exhibited the highest inhibitory effect against N.falciformis KSA 24-14,reaching 93.33%and 91.67%,respectively.To our knowledge,N.falciformis is a new causal pathogen of coffee wilt in Saudi Arabia.Remarkably,these results offer important insights for devising effective approaches to monitor and control such diseases.展开更多
The chemical characterization of phenolic extracts of salad burnet (Sanguisorba minor Scop. s.l.) and broomrape (Orobanche crenata Forsk.) was performed. Active fractions were separated and characterized and, in the c...The chemical characterization of phenolic extracts of salad burnet (Sanguisorba minor Scop. s.l.) and broomrape (Orobanche crenata Forsk.) was performed. Active fractions were separated and characterized and, in the case of O. crenata, two phenolic compounds, verbascoside and is overbascoside, were quantitatively extracted, purified and characterized. These compounds proved to be effective in reducing the growth of some important fungi responsible for the decay of fresh fruit and vegetables in postharvest. Verbascoside showed significant activity against Penicillium italicum, fairly inhibited Monilinia laxa, P. expansum, and Aspergillus carbonarius, and showed little activity against Botrytis cinerea, M. fructicola and P. digitatum. Isoverbascoside completely inhibited B. cinerea, P. digitatum, P. italicum, and P. expansum;it fairly inhibited M. laxa and A. carbonarius;while it showed to be less effective against M. fructicola. The obtained results support the possible use of some wild edible plants as a source of phenolic substances for the postharvest biological control of fresh fruit and vegetable rots.展开更多
Exercise has long been known for its active role in improving physical fitness and sustaining health.Regular moderate-intensity exercise improves all aspects of human health and is widely accepted as a preventative an...Exercise has long been known for its active role in improving physical fitness and sustaining health.Regular moderate-intensity exercise improves all aspects of human health and is widely accepted as a preventative and therapeutic strategy for various diseases.It is well-documented that exercise maintains and restores homeostasis at the organismal,tissue,cellular,and molecular levels to stimulate positive physiological adaptations that consequently protect against various pathological conditions.Here we mainly summarize how moderate-intensity exercise affects the major hallmarks of health,including the integrity of barriers,containment of local perturbations,recycling and turnover,integration of circuitries,rhythmic oscillations,homeostatic resilience,hormetic regulation,as well as repair and regeneration.Furthermore,we summarize the current understanding of the mechanisms responsible for beneficial adaptations in response to exercise.This review aimed at providing a comprehensive summary of the vital biological mechanisms through which moderate-intensity exercise maintains health and opens a window for its application in other health interventions.We hope that continuing investigation in this field will further increase our understanding of the processes involved in the positive role of moderate-intensity exercise and thus get us closer to the identification of new therapeutics that improve quality of life.展开更多
Every region around the globe has its unique climatic conditions which are set based on different orographic constant and atmospheric dynamic features. These features posses’ variability on different time scales. Det...Every region around the globe has its unique climatic conditions which are set based on different orographic constant and atmospheric dynamic features. These features posses’ variability on different time scales. Determining the local sea level change based on terrestrial non-tidal, short-term variability is complicated. Some internal mechanisms of ocean are also taking place along with the external physical ones. We show that variability at Sindh-Baluchistan coastal belt can be greatly explained via dimensional indices of the position and intensity of the atmospheric center of action (COAs). This technique has already proved its usefulness at number of location especially in Northern Atlantic. It takes into account the changes in the atmospheric pressure which is exerted on the sea surface influencing the variability in sea level on seasonal scale and on inter-annual basis. As warming causes thermal expansion of water it also causes changes in atmospheric circulation. Both of these processes affect the sea level variability on their respective time scales. Atmospheric being the quicker one of the two to pass on the effect is also more influential to explain the variability in local sea level. In this attempt the COA approach is used to assess the impact of low pressure on local sea levels.展开更多
A headspace solid-phase microextraction-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(HS-SPME/GC-MS)method was used to study the volatile organic compounds(VOCs)associated with the differential immune response of tomato plants...A headspace solid-phase microextraction-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(HS-SPME/GC-MS)method was used to study the volatile organic compounds(VOCs)associated with the differential immune response of tomato plants infected with the recombinant strain of potato virus Y(PVY^(C)-to),necrogenic to tomato.Analysis was carried out in UC82(UC),a virus susceptible tomato variety,comparing the same UC plants grafted or not onto a virus tolerant tomato ecotype,Manduria(Ma);the three types of samples used for the GC-MS analysis were mock-inoculated UC/Ma plants,UC/Ma+PVY^(C)-to and UC+PVY^(C)-to plants;the VOCs obtained were 111.Results from symptomatic PVY^(C)-to-infected UC plants showed a VOCs composition enriched in alcohols,fatty acid derivates,benzenoids,and salicylic acid derivatives,while in mock-inoculated UC/Ma plants VOCs were mainly characterized by methyl ester compounds.The VOC profile was in line with RNAseq data analyses,denoting that PVY^(C)-to viral RNA accumulation and disease symptoms induce the specific transcriptional activation of genes involved in VOCs biosynthesis.Furthermore,principal component analysis highlighted that VOCs of PVY^(C)-to-infected and mock-inoculated grafted plants were much closer each other than that of symptomatic PVY^(C)-to-infected non-grafted UC plants.These results suggest that VOCs profiles of tomato plants are related to the viral RNA accumulation,disease intensity and graft-derived tolerance to PVY^(C)-to infection.展开更多
1.Introduction Regular exercise induces changes in the overall diversity and in the relative abundance of certain gut microbiota phyla and families in humans1,2 and in animal models.3,4 This relationship has attracted...1.Introduction Regular exercise induces changes in the overall diversity and in the relative abundance of certain gut microbiota phyla and families in humans1,2 and in animal models.3,4 This relationship has attracted a great deal of interest because it is one of the mechanisms involved in the health benefits of regular exercise3 that could also influence performance.5 A recent publication by Scheiman et al.展开更多
It is estimated that approximately one in ten people over the age of 80 may suffer from cardiac amyloidosis(CA),a disease in which various aging-related factors,such as increased oxidative stress,can promote abnormal ...It is estimated that approximately one in ten people over the age of 80 may suffer from cardiac amyloidosis(CA),a disease in which various aging-related factors,such as increased oxidative stress,can promote abnormal protein folding and the formation of amyloid deposits in the heart.Over the long term,this tends to impair cardiac function,increasing the risk of developing cardiac conduction disorders,atrial fibrillation,thromboembolic events,heart failure(HF),and/or ventricular dysfunction.^([1,2])展开更多
Objective: Despite the fact that a restrictive use of episiotomy has proven to be beneficial, it continues to be widely used in vaginal births. Our aim was to compare women with episiotomy, to women with an intact per...Objective: Despite the fact that a restrictive use of episiotomy has proven to be beneficial, it continues to be widely used in vaginal births. Our aim was to compare women with episiotomy, to women with an intact perineum, 3 months after delivery, regarding several sexual variables, namely: sexual desire, arousal, orgasm, pain, sexual satisfaction and sexual function. Methods: An exploratory, descriptive and quantitative study using a non-probabilistic, convenience sample of 147 Portuguese women, of which 54 belonged to a control group, was performed. The groups were not significantly different regarding socio-demographic aspects. Three instruments were used: the Female Sexual Function Index, a Socio-demographic and Clinical Questionnaire and the Female Sexual Function Questionnaire. Results: Most women mentioned a moderate level of sexual interest. Women with episiotomy present higher pain intensity, less sexual satisfaction, greater changes regarding the orgasm’s duration and intensity, lower levels of sexual arousal and total sexual function, than women with intact perineum. Discussion: We found no significant differences between women with episiotomy and women with an intact perineum in most variables. However, women with episiotomy presented higher levels of pain and a lower sexual satisfaction, being these significant differences.展开更多
This study evaluated the effect of item inversion on the construct validity and reliability of psychometric scales and proposed a theoretical framework for the evaluation of the psychometric properties of data gathere...This study evaluated the effect of item inversion on the construct validity and reliability of psychometric scales and proposed a theoretical framework for the evaluation of the psychometric properties of data gathered with psychometric instruments. To this propose, we used the Maslach Burnout Inventory, which is the most used psychometric inventory to measure burnout in different professional context (Students, Teachers, Police, Doctors, Nurses, etc…). The version of the MBI used was the MBI-Student Survey (MBI-SS). This inventory is composed of three key dimensions: Exhaustion, Cynicism and Professional Efficacy. The two first dimensions—which have positive formulated items—are moderate to strong positive correlated, and show moderate to strong negative correlations with the 3rd dimension—which has negative formulated items. We tested the hypothesis that, in college students, formulating the 3rd dimension of burnout as Inefficacy (reverting the negatively worded items in the Efficacy dimension) improves the correlation of the 3rd dimension with the other two dimensions, improves its internal consistency, and the overall MBI-SS’ construct validity and reliability. Confirmatory factor analysis results, estimated by Maximum Likelihood, revealed adequate factorial fit for both forms of the MBI-SS (with Efficacy) vs. the MBI-SSi (with Inefficacy). Also both forms showed adequate convergent and discriminant related validity. However, reliability and convergent validity were higher for the MBI-SSi. There were also stronger (positive) correlations between the 3 factors in MBI-SSi than the ones observed in MBI-SS. Results show that positively rewording of the 3rd dimension of the MBI-SS improves its validity and reliability. We therefore propose that the 3rd dimension of the MBI-SS should be named Professional Inefficacy and its items should be positively worded.展开更多
BACKGROUNDPatients with advanced gastrointestinal cancer must cope with the negative effects of cancer and complications.AIM To evaluate psychological distress,quality of life,and coping strategies in patients with ad...BACKGROUNDPatients with advanced gastrointestinal cancer must cope with the negative effects of cancer and complications.AIM To evaluate psychological distress,quality of life,and coping strategies in patients with advanced colorectal cancer compared to non-colorectal cancer based on sex.METHODS A prospective,transversal,multicenter study was conducted in 203 patients;101(50%)had a colorectal and 102(50%)had digestive,non-colorectal advanced cancer.Participants completed questionnaires evaluating psychological distress(Brief Symptom Inventory-18),quality of life(EORTC QLQ-C30),and coping strategies(Mini-Mental Adjustment to Cancer)before starting systemic cancer treatment.RESULTS The study included 42.4%women.Women exhibited more depressive symptoms,anxiety,functional limitations,and anxious preoccupation than men.Patients with non-colorectal digestive cancer and women showed more somatization and physical symptoms than subjects with colorectal cancer and men.Men with colorectal cancer reported the best health status.CONCLUSION The degree of disease acceptance in gastrointestinal malignancies may depend on sex and location of the primary digestive neoplasm.Future interventions should specifically address sex and tumor site differences in individuals with advanced digestive cancer.展开更多
Background: Pain perception may result from orthodontic treatment and should be considered in clinical management. Its assessment should not be limited to the intensity of perceived pain but should also consider the p...Background: Pain perception may result from orthodontic treatment and should be considered in clinical management. Its assessment should not be limited to the intensity of perceived pain but should also consider the psychosocial and behavioral aspects involved. Objective: The aims of this study were to adapt and validate the Multidimensional Pain Inventory (MPI) for orthodontic patients, and present a proposal to calculate an overall score of the pain-related aspects and compare these scores with the usual methodology used. Methods: Face validity of the MPI was estimated and orthodontic version (MPI-Orthodontic) was developed. Factorial validity was evaluated by confirmatory analysis. Convergent and discriminant validity and reliability were estimated. The fit of Second-Order Hierarchical Models was estimated. Concurrent validity of MPI-Orthodontic was evaluated against the Visual Analogue Scale. Invariance of the factorial models was evaluated for independent samples and according to sex and age. Overall score was calculated using the matrix of regression weights and compared to simple arithmetic mean. Results: 507 individuals (63.3% women;age: 26.32 (SD = 11.70) years) participated. For the fit of Part I (psychosocial aspects) of the MPI-Orthodontic, it added correlation between two items and excluded one item;for Part II (behavioral aspects) two items were excluded. The models presented adequate fit to the sample. Reliability was adequate. MPI-Orthodontic presented invariance for independent samples and adequate concurrent and divergent validity. Score obtained with the simple arithmetic mean was overestimated for Part I and underestimated for Part II. Conclusion: MPI-Orthodontic was valid, reliable and invariant for the evaluation of the orthodontic pain. It is recommended to calculate overall weighted scores for pain assessment.展开更多
The autolysis of yeasts cells in sparkling wines production has a key role for foam formation,wine stability and aroma composition.The present research was focused on the application of NMR spectroscopy on a group of ...The autolysis of yeasts cells in sparkling wines production has a key role for foam formation,wine stability and aroma composition.The present research was focused on the application of NMR spectroscopy on a group of isolated Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains to compare their autolysis patterns and select the most promising candidates as sparkling wine starters.The strains clustered in three groups with different autolysis profiles,comprising compounds reported to play significant roles in foam quality,aroma,mouthfeel,taste and cell stress protection,such as nucleotides,amino acids and cyto-protective molecules like myo-inositol and choline.Seven strains were then selected and characterized by sensory analysis.Correlation analysis linked autolysis metabolites to sensory traits,including odor and in-mouth descriptors,as well as foam properties.The strains were grouped in four couples with differing technological potential,showing varying potential for foam stabilization(higher levels of choline and myoinositol),odor complexity and fineness(higher levels of nucleotides),in mouth persistence(related to myoinositol),odor intensity(correlated with the levels of uridine and tyrosine).NMR analysis showed to be an application to monitor autolysis markers being a powerful tool to select starter strains for in sparkling wines production.展开更多
Supercritical CO_(2)(SC-CO_(2))extraction offers a sustainable method for obtaining solvent-free oils rich in bioactive molecules,valuable for nutraceutical and functional food products.However,the limited stability o...Supercritical CO_(2)(SC-CO_(2))extraction offers a sustainable method for obtaining solvent-free oils rich in bioactive molecules,valuable for nutraceutical and functional food products.However,the limited stability of certain extract components can hinder their application.This study exploresα,β,andγcyclodextrins(CDs)as emulsifiers to enhance SC-CO_(2)-extracted tomato oil(TO)stability.TO/CD emulsions with high oil volume fractions(φ)of 60%,65%,70%,and 75%were prepared using the three types of CDs.Onlyα-CDs formed gel-like,stable emulsions up toφ=70%.Confocal microscopy revealed that increasingφled to morphological changes,including reduced droplet size,decreased roundness,and larger coalescence zones,affecting stability and functionality.Emulsions atφ60%showed optimal performance with reduced phase separation,high viscosity,smaller droplet size,and lower coalescence.The stability of carotenoids and tocopherols was evaluated under heat(50℃)and UV-C exposure to simulate accelerated aging and sterilization.Emulsions improved carotenoid stability at elevated temperatures compared to bulk TO.Tocopherols were highly stable in bulk TO and moderately stable in TO/α-CD emulsions.Under UV-C exposure,TO/α-CD emulsions enhanced carotenoid and tocopherol stability for up to 9 h,compared to pure TO.Further analysis withα-CDs and synthetic glyceryl trioctanoate(GTO)atφ=60%,65%,and 70%replicated the concentrations of lycopene andα-tocopherol in TO.These results suggest that TO/α-CD emulsions can serve as stable,high-quality ingredients for nutraceutical and functional food applications.展开更多
Red lentils may have either a reddish-brown or grey seed coat with different pigmentation patterns,and coty-ledons varying from yellow to orange-red depending on the genotype.This class of lentils is widely consumed f...Red lentils may have either a reddish-brown or grey seed coat with different pigmentation patterns,and coty-ledons varying from yellow to orange-red depending on the genotype.This class of lentils is widely consumed for their nutritional and functional properties the latter being largely attributed to antioxidant polyphenols.How-ever,the relationship between seed morphology and polyphenol composition remains poorly characterized.In this study,59 red lentil genotypes were analyzed to investigate associations among seed color,polyphenol profiles,and antioxidant capacity.Total phenolic content and individual flavonoids were quantified,and anti-oxidant activity was assessed both in extracts and directly on whole-meal flour.ANOVA revealed significant variability among genotypes for all traits.Three-way ANOVA highlighted that different tegument pigmentation patterns were strongly associated with individual flavonoids and antioxidant capacity,while cotyledon color was influenced by total polyphenol content and gallic acid levels.Multivariate analyses(PCA,OPLS-DA)confirmed these relationships by achieving high classification accuracy for color classes based on combined biochemical and physical data.Overall,the results showed that morphological features of red lentils can be valuable tools for accelerating breeding programs for selecting and developing varieties rich in functional compounds.展开更多
This study aimed to investigate the biochemical basis of seed morphological traits in red lentils that are important for lentil producers in relation to quality,consumers’preferences and commercial value.To achieve t...This study aimed to investigate the biochemical basis of seed morphological traits in red lentils that are important for lentil producers in relation to quality,consumers’preferences and commercial value.To achieve this objective,proton Nuclear Magnetic Resonance(^(1)H NMR)spectroscopy combined with multivariate statistical analyses was employed.A collection of 64 red lentil varieties exhibiting diversity in seed colour,size,weight,and cotyledon pigmentation was analysed.Aqueous extracts of the seeds were profiled using^(1)H NMR,and spectra were processed into bucketed variables.Partial Least Squares Regression and Multiple Linear Regression were applied to assess relationships between spectral data and continuous morphological traits:lightness(L^(*)),chromatic indexes(a^(*),b^(*)),Hundred Kernel Weight,and seed size.For categorical traits like cotyledon colour,Partial Least Squares Discriminant Analysis(PLS-DA)and binomial logistic regression were used.Variable Importance in Projection scores helped to identify key metabolite buckets significantly contributing to trait prediction.Metabolites such as leucine,fructose,and phenolic compounds were positively associated with seed size and weight,while NAD+and short-chain fatty acids showed negative associations.Cotyledon colour classification achieved high accuracy(up to 100%)using both PLS-DA and logistic models,with amino acids like leucine and alanine linked to yellow pigmentation and tryptophan and citrate linked to orange.Overall,the study demonstrates that^(1)H NMR fingerprinting,combined with rigorous statistical modelling,effectively elucidates the multivariate relationships between metabolomic profiles and key agronomic traits,providing a valuable tool for phenotypic prediction and lentil breeding.展开更多
In Africa,locally prepared fermented cereal products form part of regular diets.These products often share some similarities in raw materials and processing techniques.However,each is distinguished by unique cultural ...In Africa,locally prepared fermented cereal products form part of regular diets.These products often share some similarities in raw materials and processing techniques.However,each is distinguished by unique cultural names and characteristics tied to the specific regions from which they originate.Umqombothi is a traditional sorghum-based beverage valued for its cultural,economic,and nutritional benefits in Southern Africa.This review ex-amines umqombothi within the broader context of other fermented cereal products,focusing on its nutritional benefits,potential technological innovations and safety issues around its consumption.Fermentation generally enhances the bioavailability and bioaccessibility of key nutrients,including vitamins,amino acids,minerals,and health-promoting phenolic compounds.However,the specific health-promoting potential of umqombothi remains underexplored.Its production in unregulated environments poses safety risks,including microbial contamination and mycotoxin presence,which limit commercial scalability.Controlled fermentation with defined starter cul-tures combined with process optimisation of umqombothi production provide an effective strategy for enhancing product consistency,process efficiency,and ensuring better overall quality of umqombothi.Addressing safety concerns through sustainable mycotoxin mitigation strategies,improved hygiene practices,and regulatory frameworks is important to promoting umqombothi as a safe and health-promoting beverage.Future research should integrate traditional brewing knowledge into modern food technology to promote safe,large-scale pro-duction of the beverage for local and global food markets.展开更多
基金financially supported by the Bordeaux Wine Interprofessional Council(French acronym CIVB)in the framework of the EXTRACUIVRE projectby the French National Research Institute for Agriculture,Food and Environment(INRAE)in the framework of the COPOFTEA projectpartially supported by the TSU Program Priority 2030,Russia。
文摘Dear Editor,The long-term use of copper(Cu)fungicides to prevent downy mildew of vine led to the accumulation of Cu in vineyard topsoils(Komárek et al.,2010;Droz et al.,2021),which may alter the functioning and sustainability of vineyard ecosystems(Cornu et al.,2022).
基金supported by Government of the Principado de Asturias through the Fundacion para el Fomento en Asturias de la Investigacion Cientifica Aplicada y a la Tecnologia(FICYT)and also co-founded by the European Union,GRUPIN(IDI/2024/000719).
文摘Aerobic glycolysis,also known as the Warburg effect,and the accumulation of lactate that it causes,are increasingly recognized outside the field of oncology as triggers of chronic non-neoplastic disorders.This review integrates preclinical and clinical evidence to evaluate the ability of melatonin to reverseWarburg-effect-like metabolic reprogramming.Literature on neurodegeneration,age-related sarcopenia,type 2 diabetes,chronic kidney disease,heart failure and pulmonary arterial hypertension(PAH)has been reviewed and synthesised.In all of these conditions,hypoxia-inducible factor 1α(HIF-1α)and pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 4(PDK4)inhibit the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex.This diverts pyruvate away fromthe tricarboxylic acid(TCA)cycle and promotes glycolysis.In cell and animal models,melatonin consistently inhibits PDK4,destabilizes HIF-1αunder normoxic conditions,activates SIRT1/3-dependentmitochondrial biogenesis andmitophagy,and eliminates reactive oxygen and nitrogen species.These actions reduce lactate production,restore oxidative phosphorylation and attenuate tissue damage.This appears to induce cognitive and synaptic improvements in Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s disease models,increased muscle mass and function in ageing rodents,improved insulin sensitivity alongside suppression of hepatic gluconeogenesis in diabetic models,reduced fibrosis in nephropathy,and normalization of vascular remodeling in hypoxia-induced pulmonary arterial hypertension(PAH).Early-stage clinical trials corroborate a decrease in oxidative and inflammatorymarkers,improved sleep quality and modest cognitive benefits.However,they report conflicting effects on insulin sensitivity,which are largely related to the dose and timing of administration in relation to food intake.Overall,the current data suggest that melatonin is a pleiotropic metabolic modulator capable of counteracting the Warburg phenotype in multiple organs.However,human studies remain scarce,and well-designed randomised trials incorporating chronotherapy are needed before clinical adoption.
基金supported by the CNRS-INSU EC2CO program in the framework of the CADSOU project,by the Nouvelle Aquitaine Region in the framework of the ESTOCADE project,and by the French National Research Institute for Agriculture,Food and Environment(INRAE)The authors are grateful to Ms.Melike Emet(INRAE,UMR ISPA)and Ms.Sylvie Bussière(INRAE,UMR ISPA)for their help treating the samples,and to Ms.Francesca Degan(ARVALIS-Institut du végétal)and Ms.Séverine Piutti(INRAE,UMR LAE)for helpful comments.
文摘Cadmium(Cd)is a toxic trace metal that occurs naturally in agricultural soils and can accumulate in the edible parts of crops,notably in cereal grains.This study investigated the extent to which sulfur(S)fertilization increases the availability of Cd in a calcareous(Calc)and a non-calcareous(Ncalc)soil.Changes in Cd availability and speciation were monitored over a 21-d incubation period,along with changes in pH and the concentrations of sulfate,nitrate,calcium,magnesium,aluminum(Al),manganese(Mn),and nickel(Ni)in the potassium nitrate(KNO_(3))extracts,after the addition at agronomic rates of three forms of S fertilizers:elemental S(S(0)),potassium sulfate(K_(2)SO_(4)),and ammonium sulfate((NH_(4))_(2)SO_(4)).Elemental S did not increase the Cd concentration in the KNO_(3)extracts of either soil due to its too limited oxidation to sulfates.The two sulfate fertilizers had contrasting effects on Cd concentration depending on the nature of the counter cation(K^(+)or NH_(4)^(+)).While K_(2)SO_(4)caused almost no change in Cd concentration in either soil,(NH_(4))_(2)SO_(4)increased Cd concentration in both soils.The nitrification of NH_(4)^(+)reduced soil pH,thereby increasing the concentrations of Cd,Al,Mn,and Ni in the Ncalc soil over time,as evidenced by the strong negative correlations between soil pH and the concentrations of these four elements in the KNO3 extract after 21 d.In the Calc soil,the mechanism of Cd concentration increase after(NH_(4))_(2)SO_(4)addition was more difficult to understand and could result from the proton-mediated alteration of Cd-bearing phases such as carbonates,following ammonia(NH_(3))volatilization.The relevance of these results for the S fertilization of cereals in Cd-contaminated soils is discussed.
基金funded by grants PID2019-105311RB-I00(MICIU/AEI/FEDER,UE,Spain)to P.García and A.RodríguezAYUD/2021/52120(Program of Science,Technology and Innovation 2021-2023 and FEDER EU,Principado de Asturias,Spain)。
文摘Sustainability is a leading trend in the context of food production.Additionally,consumers increasingly demand safer and less-processed products.Among the different technologies used to maintain the quality and extend the shelf-life of fresh and minimally-processed food,natural antimicrobial agents offer a promising strategy to replace conventional compounds.In this regard,phage lytic proteins or lysins,such as endolysins and virion-associated peptidoglycan hydrolases(VAPGHs),have been proposed as a viable option for the avoidance and elimination of undesirable bacteria within the food production chain.Even when applied exogenously,these proteins can degrade the bacterial cell wall maintaining their lytic activity.This feature,alongside their modular structure,which can be exploited for bioengineering,provides significant biotechnological potential.However,despite the promising properties of lysins,the main obstacle for their commercialization is the limited legal information regulating their use.This challenge underscores the need to navigate complex regulatory pathways.The primary objective of this review is to address this crucial gap and summarize the many prospective applications of endolysins during the different stages of food production.By doing so,we aim to provide clarity and insight into the regulatory challenges that must be overcome for the successful utilization of lysins.
基金funded by the Deanship of Scientific Research,Vice Presidency for Graduate Studies and Scientific Research,King Faisal University,Saudi Arabia,for supporting this work for work through grant number KFU242134.
文摘Coffee wilt represents one of the most devastating diseases of Arabica coffee(Coffea arabica L.)plantations in the primary coffee-producing regions.In this study,coffee trees manifesting wilt symptoms accompanied by the defoliation and drying of the whole tree were observed in the Jazan,El Baha,Najran,and Asir regions.The purpose of this investigation was to isolate and identify the Fusarium species recovered from symptomatic coffee trees.The developed fungi were initially characterized based on their morphological features followed by molecular phylogenetic multi-locus analysis of the combined sequences of ITS,TEF1-α,RPB2,and CaM.Twenty-five isolates were recovered from 28 samples.All fungal isolates were categorized morphologically under the genus Fusarium.Phylogenetic analysis positioned all the representative 15 isolates into one cluster grouping together with Neocosmospora falciformis(formerly F.falciforme)confirming their taxonomic position.Pathogenicity tests of the N.falciformis isolates were subsequently conducted on coffee seedlings,and the results revealed that all isolates induced wilt symptoms resembling those recorded in the field,and the incidence was 100%.The fungicide sensitivity test of seven investigated fungicides revealed that Maxim XL^(®) followed by Moncut^(®) exhibited the highest inhibitory effect against N.falciformis KSA 24-14,reaching 93.33%and 91.67%,respectively.To our knowledge,N.falciformis is a new causal pathogen of coffee wilt in Saudi Arabia.Remarkably,these results offer important insights for devising effective approaches to monitor and control such diseases.
文摘The chemical characterization of phenolic extracts of salad burnet (Sanguisorba minor Scop. s.l.) and broomrape (Orobanche crenata Forsk.) was performed. Active fractions were separated and characterized and, in the case of O. crenata, two phenolic compounds, verbascoside and is overbascoside, were quantitatively extracted, purified and characterized. These compounds proved to be effective in reducing the growth of some important fungi responsible for the decay of fresh fruit and vegetables in postharvest. Verbascoside showed significant activity against Penicillium italicum, fairly inhibited Monilinia laxa, P. expansum, and Aspergillus carbonarius, and showed little activity against Botrytis cinerea, M. fructicola and P. digitatum. Isoverbascoside completely inhibited B. cinerea, P. digitatum, P. italicum, and P. expansum;it fairly inhibited M. laxa and A. carbonarius;while it showed to be less effective against M. fructicola. The obtained results support the possible use of some wild edible plants as a source of phenolic substances for the postharvest biological control of fresh fruit and vegetable rots.
基金Among these,patents were licensed to Bayer(WO2014020041-A1 and WO2014020043-A1)Bristol-Myers Squibb(WO2008057863-A1)+4 种基金Osasuna Therapeutics(WO2019057742A1)Pharmamar(WO2022049270A1 and WO2022048775-A1)Raptor Pharmaceuticals(EP2664326-A1)Samsara Therapeutics(GB202017553D0)Therafast Bio(EP3684471A1).The other authors declare that they have no competing interests.
文摘Exercise has long been known for its active role in improving physical fitness and sustaining health.Regular moderate-intensity exercise improves all aspects of human health and is widely accepted as a preventative and therapeutic strategy for various diseases.It is well-documented that exercise maintains and restores homeostasis at the organismal,tissue,cellular,and molecular levels to stimulate positive physiological adaptations that consequently protect against various pathological conditions.Here we mainly summarize how moderate-intensity exercise affects the major hallmarks of health,including the integrity of barriers,containment of local perturbations,recycling and turnover,integration of circuitries,rhythmic oscillations,homeostatic resilience,hormetic regulation,as well as repair and regeneration.Furthermore,we summarize the current understanding of the mechanisms responsible for beneficial adaptations in response to exercise.This review aimed at providing a comprehensive summary of the vital biological mechanisms through which moderate-intensity exercise maintains health and opens a window for its application in other health interventions.We hope that continuing investigation in this field will further increase our understanding of the processes involved in the positive role of moderate-intensity exercise and thus get us closer to the identification of new therapeutics that improve quality of life.
文摘Every region around the globe has its unique climatic conditions which are set based on different orographic constant and atmospheric dynamic features. These features posses’ variability on different time scales. Determining the local sea level change based on terrestrial non-tidal, short-term variability is complicated. Some internal mechanisms of ocean are also taking place along with the external physical ones. We show that variability at Sindh-Baluchistan coastal belt can be greatly explained via dimensional indices of the position and intensity of the atmospheric center of action (COAs). This technique has already proved its usefulness at number of location especially in Northern Atlantic. It takes into account the changes in the atmospheric pressure which is exerted on the sea surface influencing the variability in sea level on seasonal scale and on inter-annual basis. As warming causes thermal expansion of water it also causes changes in atmospheric circulation. Both of these processes affect the sea level variability on their respective time scales. Atmospheric being the quicker one of the two to pass on the effect is also more influential to explain the variability in local sea level. In this attempt the COA approach is used to assess the impact of low pressure on local sea levels.
基金funding from the European Union Next Generation EU(PIANO NAZIONALE DI RIPRESA E RESILIENZA(PNRR)–MISSIONE 4 COMPONENTE 2,INVESTIMENTO 1.4–D.D.103217/06/2022,CN00000022)。
文摘A headspace solid-phase microextraction-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(HS-SPME/GC-MS)method was used to study the volatile organic compounds(VOCs)associated with the differential immune response of tomato plants infected with the recombinant strain of potato virus Y(PVY^(C)-to),necrogenic to tomato.Analysis was carried out in UC82(UC),a virus susceptible tomato variety,comparing the same UC plants grafted or not onto a virus tolerant tomato ecotype,Manduria(Ma);the three types of samples used for the GC-MS analysis were mock-inoculated UC/Ma plants,UC/Ma+PVY^(C)-to and UC+PVY^(C)-to plants;the VOCs obtained were 111.Results from symptomatic PVY^(C)-to-infected UC plants showed a VOCs composition enriched in alcohols,fatty acid derivates,benzenoids,and salicylic acid derivatives,while in mock-inoculated UC/Ma plants VOCs were mainly characterized by methyl ester compounds.The VOC profile was in line with RNAseq data analyses,denoting that PVY^(C)-to viral RNA accumulation and disease symptoms induce the specific transcriptional activation of genes involved in VOCs biosynthesis.Furthermore,principal component analysis highlighted that VOCs of PVY^(C)-to-infected and mock-inoculated grafted plants were much closer each other than that of symptomatic PVY^(C)-to-infected non-grafted UC plants.These results suggest that VOCs profiles of tomato plants are related to the viral RNA accumulation,disease intensity and graft-derived tolerance to PVY^(C)-to infection.
基金supported by Ministerio de Economíay Competitividad under Grant DEP2015-69980-P to BFGPrograma de Ayudas a Grupos de Investigación del Principado de Asturias to FLB(FC-GRUPIN-IDI/2018/000120)。
文摘1.Introduction Regular exercise induces changes in the overall diversity and in the relative abundance of certain gut microbiota phyla and families in humans1,2 and in animal models.3,4 This relationship has attracted a great deal of interest because it is one of the mechanisms involved in the health benefits of regular exercise3 that could also influence performance.5 A recent publication by Scheiman et al.
文摘It is estimated that approximately one in ten people over the age of 80 may suffer from cardiac amyloidosis(CA),a disease in which various aging-related factors,such as increased oxidative stress,can promote abnormal protein folding and the formation of amyloid deposits in the heart.Over the long term,this tends to impair cardiac function,increasing the risk of developing cardiac conduction disorders,atrial fibrillation,thromboembolic events,heart failure(HF),and/or ventricular dysfunction.^([1,2])
文摘Objective: Despite the fact that a restrictive use of episiotomy has proven to be beneficial, it continues to be widely used in vaginal births. Our aim was to compare women with episiotomy, to women with an intact perineum, 3 months after delivery, regarding several sexual variables, namely: sexual desire, arousal, orgasm, pain, sexual satisfaction and sexual function. Methods: An exploratory, descriptive and quantitative study using a non-probabilistic, convenience sample of 147 Portuguese women, of which 54 belonged to a control group, was performed. The groups were not significantly different regarding socio-demographic aspects. Three instruments were used: the Female Sexual Function Index, a Socio-demographic and Clinical Questionnaire and the Female Sexual Function Questionnaire. Results: Most women mentioned a moderate level of sexual interest. Women with episiotomy present higher pain intensity, less sexual satisfaction, greater changes regarding the orgasm’s duration and intensity, lower levels of sexual arousal and total sexual function, than women with intact perineum. Discussion: We found no significant differences between women with episiotomy and women with an intact perineum in most variables. However, women with episiotomy presented higher levels of pain and a lower sexual satisfaction, being these significant differences.
文摘This study evaluated the effect of item inversion on the construct validity and reliability of psychometric scales and proposed a theoretical framework for the evaluation of the psychometric properties of data gathered with psychometric instruments. To this propose, we used the Maslach Burnout Inventory, which is the most used psychometric inventory to measure burnout in different professional context (Students, Teachers, Police, Doctors, Nurses, etc…). The version of the MBI used was the MBI-Student Survey (MBI-SS). This inventory is composed of three key dimensions: Exhaustion, Cynicism and Professional Efficacy. The two first dimensions—which have positive formulated items—are moderate to strong positive correlated, and show moderate to strong negative correlations with the 3rd dimension—which has negative formulated items. We tested the hypothesis that, in college students, formulating the 3rd dimension of burnout as Inefficacy (reverting the negatively worded items in the Efficacy dimension) improves the correlation of the 3rd dimension with the other two dimensions, improves its internal consistency, and the overall MBI-SS’ construct validity and reliability. Confirmatory factor analysis results, estimated by Maximum Likelihood, revealed adequate factorial fit for both forms of the MBI-SS (with Efficacy) vs. the MBI-SSi (with Inefficacy). Also both forms showed adequate convergent and discriminant related validity. However, reliability and convergent validity were higher for the MBI-SSi. There were also stronger (positive) correlations between the 3 factors in MBI-SSi than the ones observed in MBI-SS. Results show that positively rewording of the 3rd dimension of the MBI-SS improves its validity and reliability. We therefore propose that the 3rd dimension of the MBI-SS should be named Professional Inefficacy and its items should be positively worded.
基金Supported by The FSEOM(Spanish Society of Medical Oncology Foundation)grant for Projects of the Collaborative Groups in 2018 and by an Astra Zeneca grant,No.ES2020-1939.
文摘BACKGROUNDPatients with advanced gastrointestinal cancer must cope with the negative effects of cancer and complications.AIM To evaluate psychological distress,quality of life,and coping strategies in patients with advanced colorectal cancer compared to non-colorectal cancer based on sex.METHODS A prospective,transversal,multicenter study was conducted in 203 patients;101(50%)had a colorectal and 102(50%)had digestive,non-colorectal advanced cancer.Participants completed questionnaires evaluating psychological distress(Brief Symptom Inventory-18),quality of life(EORTC QLQ-C30),and coping strategies(Mini-Mental Adjustment to Cancer)before starting systemic cancer treatment.RESULTS The study included 42.4%women.Women exhibited more depressive symptoms,anxiety,functional limitations,and anxious preoccupation than men.Patients with non-colorectal digestive cancer and women showed more somatization and physical symptoms than subjects with colorectal cancer and men.Men with colorectal cancer reported the best health status.CONCLUSION The degree of disease acceptance in gastrointestinal malignancies may depend on sex and location of the primary digestive neoplasm.Future interventions should specifically address sex and tumor site differences in individuals with advanced digestive cancer.
文摘Background: Pain perception may result from orthodontic treatment and should be considered in clinical management. Its assessment should not be limited to the intensity of perceived pain but should also consider the psychosocial and behavioral aspects involved. Objective: The aims of this study were to adapt and validate the Multidimensional Pain Inventory (MPI) for orthodontic patients, and present a proposal to calculate an overall score of the pain-related aspects and compare these scores with the usual methodology used. Methods: Face validity of the MPI was estimated and orthodontic version (MPI-Orthodontic) was developed. Factorial validity was evaluated by confirmatory analysis. Convergent and discriminant validity and reliability were estimated. The fit of Second-Order Hierarchical Models was estimated. Concurrent validity of MPI-Orthodontic was evaluated against the Visual Analogue Scale. Invariance of the factorial models was evaluated for independent samples and according to sex and age. Overall score was calculated using the matrix of regression weights and compared to simple arithmetic mean. Results: 507 individuals (63.3% women;age: 26.32 (SD = 11.70) years) participated. For the fit of Part I (psychosocial aspects) of the MPI-Orthodontic, it added correlation between two items and excluded one item;for Part II (behavioral aspects) two items were excluded. The models presented adequate fit to the sample. Reliability was adequate. MPI-Orthodontic presented invariance for independent samples and adequate concurrent and divergent validity. Score obtained with the simple arithmetic mean was overestimated for Part I and underestimated for Part II. Conclusion: MPI-Orthodontic was valid, reliable and invariant for the evaluation of the orthodontic pain. It is recommended to calculate overall weighted scores for pain assessment.
文摘The autolysis of yeasts cells in sparkling wines production has a key role for foam formation,wine stability and aroma composition.The present research was focused on the application of NMR spectroscopy on a group of isolated Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains to compare their autolysis patterns and select the most promising candidates as sparkling wine starters.The strains clustered in three groups with different autolysis profiles,comprising compounds reported to play significant roles in foam quality,aroma,mouthfeel,taste and cell stress protection,such as nucleotides,amino acids and cyto-protective molecules like myo-inositol and choline.Seven strains were then selected and characterized by sensory analysis.Correlation analysis linked autolysis metabolites to sensory traits,including odor and in-mouth descriptors,as well as foam properties.The strains were grouped in four couples with differing technological potential,showing varying potential for foam stabilization(higher levels of choline and myoinositol),odor complexity and fineness(higher levels of nucleotides),in mouth persistence(related to myoinositol),odor intensity(correlated with the levels of uridine and tyrosine).NMR analysis showed to be an application to monitor autolysis markers being a powerful tool to select starter strains for in sparkling wines production.
基金supported by NUTRAGE,CNR project FOE-2021 DBA.AD005.225in part by“ON Foods-Research and Inno-vation Network on Food and Nutrition Sustainability,Safety,and Security-Working ON Foods”(CUP B83C22004790001ONFOODS).
文摘Supercritical CO_(2)(SC-CO_(2))extraction offers a sustainable method for obtaining solvent-free oils rich in bioactive molecules,valuable for nutraceutical and functional food products.However,the limited stability of certain extract components can hinder their application.This study exploresα,β,andγcyclodextrins(CDs)as emulsifiers to enhance SC-CO_(2)-extracted tomato oil(TO)stability.TO/CD emulsions with high oil volume fractions(φ)of 60%,65%,70%,and 75%were prepared using the three types of CDs.Onlyα-CDs formed gel-like,stable emulsions up toφ=70%.Confocal microscopy revealed that increasingφled to morphological changes,including reduced droplet size,decreased roundness,and larger coalescence zones,affecting stability and functionality.Emulsions atφ60%showed optimal performance with reduced phase separation,high viscosity,smaller droplet size,and lower coalescence.The stability of carotenoids and tocopherols was evaluated under heat(50℃)and UV-C exposure to simulate accelerated aging and sterilization.Emulsions improved carotenoid stability at elevated temperatures compared to bulk TO.Tocopherols were highly stable in bulk TO and moderately stable in TO/α-CD emulsions.Under UV-C exposure,TO/α-CD emulsions enhanced carotenoid and tocopherol stability for up to 9 h,compared to pure TO.Further analysis withα-CDs and synthetic glyceryl trioctanoate(GTO)atφ=60%,65%,and 70%replicated the concentrations of lycopene andα-tocopherol in TO.These results suggest that TO/α-CD emulsions can serve as stable,high-quality ingredients for nutraceutical and functional food applications.
基金funded by the following projects:PRIN2022 project acronyms GRANARIUS(Project Nr.202282ZTPL)and LENTIGO(Project Nr.2022SFMSW3)Agritech National Research Center,receiving funding from the European Union Next-Generation EU(PIANO NAZIONALE DI RIPRESA E RESILIENZA(PNRR)-MISSIONE 4 COMPONENTE 2,INVESTIMENTO 1.4-D.D.1032 June 17,2022,CN00000022)support from Dr.Simonetta Martena and Marinella Cavallo for GRAN-ARIUS Project management.
文摘Red lentils may have either a reddish-brown or grey seed coat with different pigmentation patterns,and coty-ledons varying from yellow to orange-red depending on the genotype.This class of lentils is widely consumed for their nutritional and functional properties the latter being largely attributed to antioxidant polyphenols.How-ever,the relationship between seed morphology and polyphenol composition remains poorly characterized.In this study,59 red lentil genotypes were analyzed to investigate associations among seed color,polyphenol profiles,and antioxidant capacity.Total phenolic content and individual flavonoids were quantified,and anti-oxidant activity was assessed both in extracts and directly on whole-meal flour.ANOVA revealed significant variability among genotypes for all traits.Three-way ANOVA highlighted that different tegument pigmentation patterns were strongly associated with individual flavonoids and antioxidant capacity,while cotyledon color was influenced by total polyphenol content and gallic acid levels.Multivariate analyses(PCA,OPLS-DA)confirmed these relationships by achieving high classification accuracy for color classes based on combined biochemical and physical data.Overall,the results showed that morphological features of red lentils can be valuable tools for accelerating breeding programs for selecting and developing varieties rich in functional compounds.
基金funded by PRIMA Section 12020 Agrofood Value ChainIA Topic:1.3.1-2020(IA),MEDWHEALTH,project grant n°2034by PRIN2022 GRANARIUS,MIUR D.D.n.976 July 3,2023,project grant n°202282ZTPL.
文摘This study aimed to investigate the biochemical basis of seed morphological traits in red lentils that are important for lentil producers in relation to quality,consumers’preferences and commercial value.To achieve this objective,proton Nuclear Magnetic Resonance(^(1)H NMR)spectroscopy combined with multivariate statistical analyses was employed.A collection of 64 red lentil varieties exhibiting diversity in seed colour,size,weight,and cotyledon pigmentation was analysed.Aqueous extracts of the seeds were profiled using^(1)H NMR,and spectra were processed into bucketed variables.Partial Least Squares Regression and Multiple Linear Regression were applied to assess relationships between spectral data and continuous morphological traits:lightness(L^(*)),chromatic indexes(a^(*),b^(*)),Hundred Kernel Weight,and seed size.For categorical traits like cotyledon colour,Partial Least Squares Discriminant Analysis(PLS-DA)and binomial logistic regression were used.Variable Importance in Projection scores helped to identify key metabolite buckets significantly contributing to trait prediction.Metabolites such as leucine,fructose,and phenolic compounds were positively associated with seed size and weight,while NAD+and short-chain fatty acids showed negative associations.Cotyledon colour classification achieved high accuracy(up to 100%)using both PLS-DA and logistic models,with amino acids like leucine and alanine linked to yellow pigmentation and tryptophan and citrate linked to orange.Overall,the study demonstrates that^(1)H NMR fingerprinting,combined with rigorous statistical modelling,effectively elucidates the multivariate relationships between metabolomic profiles and key agronomic traits,providing a valuable tool for phenotypic prediction and lentil breeding.
基金funded by the European Union under the Horizon Europe[grant number 101136649](UP-RISE project).
文摘In Africa,locally prepared fermented cereal products form part of regular diets.These products often share some similarities in raw materials and processing techniques.However,each is distinguished by unique cultural names and characteristics tied to the specific regions from which they originate.Umqombothi is a traditional sorghum-based beverage valued for its cultural,economic,and nutritional benefits in Southern Africa.This review ex-amines umqombothi within the broader context of other fermented cereal products,focusing on its nutritional benefits,potential technological innovations and safety issues around its consumption.Fermentation generally enhances the bioavailability and bioaccessibility of key nutrients,including vitamins,amino acids,minerals,and health-promoting phenolic compounds.However,the specific health-promoting potential of umqombothi remains underexplored.Its production in unregulated environments poses safety risks,including microbial contamination and mycotoxin presence,which limit commercial scalability.Controlled fermentation with defined starter cul-tures combined with process optimisation of umqombothi production provide an effective strategy for enhancing product consistency,process efficiency,and ensuring better overall quality of umqombothi.Addressing safety concerns through sustainable mycotoxin mitigation strategies,improved hygiene practices,and regulatory frameworks is important to promoting umqombothi as a safe and health-promoting beverage.Future research should integrate traditional brewing knowledge into modern food technology to promote safe,large-scale pro-duction of the beverage for local and global food markets.
