Although the Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution(TOPSIS)model has been widely applied in water quality assessment by numerous studies,several common limitations remain unresolved.Specificall...Although the Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution(TOPSIS)model has been widely applied in water quality assessment by numerous studies,several common limitations remain unresolved.Specifically:1)Subjective elements in methods such as fuzzy theory and the analytic hierarchy process(AHP)may distort evaluation outcomes;2)The utilization of raw sample data is in‐sufficient when constructing evaluation matrices;3)The traditional entropy weight method in TOPSIS merely reflects statistical character‐istics of the final matrix while neglecting richer information embedded in raw datasets.To address these issues,we proximate probability distribution function of various indicators by using cubic spline interpolation and fully exploit information in the existing massive sample data.In this paper,the entropy weight method is enhanced based on the concept mentioned above and integrated with TOPSIS model to construct a novel evaluation model.Furthermore,the experimental analysis using wastewater monitoring data from Guizhou Province,China,verifies its practicality,and its results provide valuable references for local water environmental management.展开更多
Background:Physicalfitness in childhood and adolescence is associated with a variety of health outcomes and is a powerful marker of current and future health.However,inconsistencies in tests and protocols limit interna...Background:Physicalfitness in childhood and adolescence is associated with a variety of health outcomes and is a powerful marker of current and future health.However,inconsistencies in tests and protocols limit international monitoring and surveillance.The objective of the study was to seek international consensus on a proposed,evidence-informed,Youth Fitness International Test(YFIT)battery and protocols for health monitoring and surveillance in children and adolescents aged 618 years.Methods:We conducted an international modified Delphi study to evaluate the level of agreement with a proposed,evidence-based,YFIT of core health-relatedfitness tests and protocols to be used worldwide in 6-to 18-year-olds.This proposal was based on previous European and North American projects that systematically reviewed the existing evidence to identify the most valid,reliable,health-related,safe,and feasiblefitness tests to be used in children and adolescents aged 618 years.We designed a single-panel modified Delphi study and invited 216 experts from all around the world to answer this Delphi survey,of whom one-third are from low-to-middle income countries and one-third are women.Four experts were involved in the piloting of the survey and did not participate in the main Delphi study to avoid bias.We pre-defined an agreement of 80%among the expert participants to achieve consensus.Results:We obtained a high response rate(78%)with a total of 169fitness experts from 50 countries and territories,including 63 women and 61 experts from low-or middle-income countries/territories.Consensus(>85%agreement)was achieved for all proposed tests and protocols,supporting the YFIT battery,which includes weight and height(to compute body mass index as a proxy of body size/composition),the 20-m shuttle run(cardiorespiratoryfitness),handgrip strength,and standing long jump(muscularfitness).Conclusion:This study contributes to standardizingfitness tests and protocols used for research,monitoring,and surveillance across the world,which will allow for future data pooling and the development of international and regional sex-and age-specific reference values,health-related cut-points,and a global picture offitness among children and adolescents.展开更多
Purpose: This study aims to compare adolescents' cardiometabolic risk score through an integrative classification of physical activity(PA),which involves the combination of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity(M...Purpose: This study aims to compare adolescents' cardiometabolic risk score through an integrative classification of physical activity(PA),which involves the combination of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity(MVPA) and sedentary behavior(SB).Methods: A cross-sectional study derived from the Healthy Lifestyle in Europe by Nutrition in Adolescence Cross-Sectional Study database(2006-2008) was conducted in adolescents(n = 548; boys, 47.3%; 14.7 ± 1.2 years) from 10 European cities. MVPA and SB were objectively measured using accelerometry. Adolescents were divided into 4 categories according to MVPA(meeting or not meeting the international recommendations) and the median of SB time(above or below sex-and age-specific median) as follows: High-SB & Inactive, Low-SB & Inactive,High-SB & Active, and Low-SB & Active. A clustered cardiometabolic risk score was computed using the homeostatic model assessment, systolic blood pressure, triglycerides, total cholesterol/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, sum 4 skinfolds, and cardiorespiratory fitness(CRF).Analyses of covariance were performed to discern differences on cardiometabolic risk scores among PA categories and each health component.Results: The cardiometabolic risk score was lower in adolescents meeting the MVPA recommendation and with less time spent in SB in comparison to the high-SB & Inactive group(p < 0.05). However, no difference in cardiometabolic risk score was established between High-SB or Low-SB groups in inactive adolescents. It is important to note that CRF was the only variable that showed a significant modification(higher)when children were compared from the category of physically inactive with "active" but not from high-to low-SB.Conclusion: Being physically active is the most significant and protective outcome in adolescents to reduce cardiometabolic risk. Lower SB does not exhibit a significant and extra beneficial difference.展开更多
Purpose:This study was aimed to analyze the mediation role of cardiorespiratory fitness(CRF)on the association between fatness and cardiometabolic risk scores(CMRs)in European adolescents.Methods:A cross-sectional stu...Purpose:This study was aimed to analyze the mediation role of cardiorespiratory fitness(CRF)on the association between fatness and cardiometabolic risk scores(CMRs)in European adolescents.Methods:A cross-sectional study was conducted in adolescents(n=525;46%boys;14.1±1.1 years old,mean ±SD)from 10 European cities involved in the Healthy Lifestyle in Europe by Nutrition in Adolescence study.CRF was measured by means of the shuttle run test,while fatness measures included body mass index(BMI),waist to height ratio,and fat mass index estimated from skinfold thicknesses.A clustered CMRs was computed by summing the standardized values of homeostasis model assessment,systolic blood pressure,triglycerides,total cholesterol/highdensity lipoprotein cholesterol ratio,and leptin.Results:Linear regression models indicated that CRF acted as an important and partial mediator in the association between fatness and CMRs in 1217-year-old adolescents(for BMI:coefficients of the indirect role b=0.058(95%confidence interval(95%CI):0.023-0.101),Sobel test z=3.11(10.0%mediation);for waist to height ratio:b=4.279(95%CI:2.242-7.059),z=3.86(11.5%mediation);and for fat mass index:b=0.060(95%CI:0.020-0.106),z=2.85(9.4%mediation);all p<0.01).Conclusion:In adolescents,the association between fatness and CMRs could be partially decreased with improvements to fitness levels;therefore,CRF contribution both in the clinical field and public health could be important to consider and promote in adolescents independently of their fatness levels.展开更多
文摘Although the Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution(TOPSIS)model has been widely applied in water quality assessment by numerous studies,several common limitations remain unresolved.Specifically:1)Subjective elements in methods such as fuzzy theory and the analytic hierarchy process(AHP)may distort evaluation outcomes;2)The utilization of raw sample data is in‐sufficient when constructing evaluation matrices;3)The traditional entropy weight method in TOPSIS merely reflects statistical character‐istics of the final matrix while neglecting richer information embedded in raw datasets.To address these issues,we proximate probability distribution function of various indicators by using cubic spline interpolation and fully exploit information in the existing massive sample data.In this paper,the entropy weight method is enhanced based on the concept mentioned above and integrated with TOPSIS model to construct a novel evaluation model.Furthermore,the experimental analysis using wastewater monitoring data from Guizhou Province,China,verifies its practicality,and its results provide valuable references for local water environmental management.
基金supported by the Grant PID2020-120249RB-I00PID2023-148404OB-100funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033+4 种基金by the Andalusian Government(Junta de Andalucía,Plan Andaluz de Investigación,ref.P20_00124)by the Erasmus+Sport Programme of the European Union within the project FitBack4Literacy(No.101089829)Additional support is provided by the University of Granada,Plan Propio de Inves-tigación,Units of ExcellenceUnit of Excellence on Exercise,Nutrition and Health(UCEENS)by theCIBERobn Physiopa-thology of Obesity and Nutrition,and by the Spanish Network in Exercise and Health,EXERNET Network(RED2022-134800-Tand EXP_99828).
文摘Background:Physicalfitness in childhood and adolescence is associated with a variety of health outcomes and is a powerful marker of current and future health.However,inconsistencies in tests and protocols limit international monitoring and surveillance.The objective of the study was to seek international consensus on a proposed,evidence-informed,Youth Fitness International Test(YFIT)battery and protocols for health monitoring and surveillance in children and adolescents aged 618 years.Methods:We conducted an international modified Delphi study to evaluate the level of agreement with a proposed,evidence-based,YFIT of core health-relatedfitness tests and protocols to be used worldwide in 6-to 18-year-olds.This proposal was based on previous European and North American projects that systematically reviewed the existing evidence to identify the most valid,reliable,health-related,safe,and feasiblefitness tests to be used in children and adolescents aged 618 years.We designed a single-panel modified Delphi study and invited 216 experts from all around the world to answer this Delphi survey,of whom one-third are from low-to-middle income countries and one-third are women.Four experts were involved in the piloting of the survey and did not participate in the main Delphi study to avoid bias.We pre-defined an agreement of 80%among the expert participants to achieve consensus.Results:We obtained a high response rate(78%)with a total of 169fitness experts from 50 countries and territories,including 63 women and 61 experts from low-or middle-income countries/territories.Consensus(>85%agreement)was achieved for all proposed tests and protocols,supporting the YFIT battery,which includes weight and height(to compute body mass index as a proxy of body size/composition),the 20-m shuttle run(cardiorespiratoryfitness),handgrip strength,and standing long jump(muscularfitness).Conclusion:This study contributes to standardizingfitness tests and protocols used for research,monitoring,and surveillance across the world,which will allow for future data pooling and the development of international and regional sex-and age-specific reference values,health-related cut-points,and a global picture offitness among children and adolescents.
基金supported by the European Community Sixth RTD Framework Programme (contract FOOD-CT-2005-007034)supported by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (Grants RYC-2010-05957 and RYC-2011-09011)+3 种基金the Spanish Ministry of Health: Maternal, Child Health and Development Network (Grants RD08/0072 and RD16/0022)the Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (MICINN-FEDER)the University of Granada, Plan Propio de Investigacion 2016, Excellence actions:Units of ExcellenceUnit of Excellence on Exercise and Health (UCEES)
文摘Purpose: This study aims to compare adolescents' cardiometabolic risk score through an integrative classification of physical activity(PA),which involves the combination of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity(MVPA) and sedentary behavior(SB).Methods: A cross-sectional study derived from the Healthy Lifestyle in Europe by Nutrition in Adolescence Cross-Sectional Study database(2006-2008) was conducted in adolescents(n = 548; boys, 47.3%; 14.7 ± 1.2 years) from 10 European cities. MVPA and SB were objectively measured using accelerometry. Adolescents were divided into 4 categories according to MVPA(meeting or not meeting the international recommendations) and the median of SB time(above or below sex-and age-specific median) as follows: High-SB & Inactive, Low-SB & Inactive,High-SB & Active, and Low-SB & Active. A clustered cardiometabolic risk score was computed using the homeostatic model assessment, systolic blood pressure, triglycerides, total cholesterol/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, sum 4 skinfolds, and cardiorespiratory fitness(CRF).Analyses of covariance were performed to discern differences on cardiometabolic risk scores among PA categories and each health component.Results: The cardiometabolic risk score was lower in adolescents meeting the MVPA recommendation and with less time spent in SB in comparison to the high-SB & Inactive group(p < 0.05). However, no difference in cardiometabolic risk score was established between High-SB or Low-SB groups in inactive adolescents. It is important to note that CRF was the only variable that showed a significant modification(higher)when children were compared from the category of physically inactive with "active" but not from high-to low-SB.Conclusion: Being physically active is the most significant and protective outcome in adolescents to reduce cardiometabolic risk. Lower SB does not exhibit a significant and extra beneficial difference.
文摘Purpose:This study was aimed to analyze the mediation role of cardiorespiratory fitness(CRF)on the association between fatness and cardiometabolic risk scores(CMRs)in European adolescents.Methods:A cross-sectional study was conducted in adolescents(n=525;46%boys;14.1±1.1 years old,mean ±SD)from 10 European cities involved in the Healthy Lifestyle in Europe by Nutrition in Adolescence study.CRF was measured by means of the shuttle run test,while fatness measures included body mass index(BMI),waist to height ratio,and fat mass index estimated from skinfold thicknesses.A clustered CMRs was computed by summing the standardized values of homeostasis model assessment,systolic blood pressure,triglycerides,total cholesterol/highdensity lipoprotein cholesterol ratio,and leptin.Results:Linear regression models indicated that CRF acted as an important and partial mediator in the association between fatness and CMRs in 1217-year-old adolescents(for BMI:coefficients of the indirect role b=0.058(95%confidence interval(95%CI):0.023-0.101),Sobel test z=3.11(10.0%mediation);for waist to height ratio:b=4.279(95%CI:2.242-7.059),z=3.86(11.5%mediation);and for fat mass index:b=0.060(95%CI:0.020-0.106),z=2.85(9.4%mediation);all p<0.01).Conclusion:In adolescents,the association between fatness and CMRs could be partially decreased with improvements to fitness levels;therefore,CRF contribution both in the clinical field and public health could be important to consider and promote in adolescents independently of their fatness levels.
