AIM:To quantify and compare longitudinal thickness changes of the ganglion cell complex(GCC)and the choroid in patients with different patterns of age-related macular degeneration(AMD)progression.METHODS:Retrospective...AIM:To quantify and compare longitudinal thickness changes of the ganglion cell complex(GCC)and the choroid in patients with different patterns of age-related macular degeneration(AMD)progression.METHODS:Retrospective cohort analysis of anonymized data from participants aged 50y or more and diagnosed with early/intermediate AMD in at least one eye(with no evidence of advanced AMD).A total of 64 participants were included from the Instituto de Retina de Lisboa(IRL)study(IPL/2022/MetAllAMD_ESTeSL)and divided into 4 groups according to the Rotterdam classification for AMD.Spectral domain optical coherence tomography(SD-OCT)was used to assess and quantify GCC and choroid thickness at two time points(first visit vs last visit)with a minimum interval of 3y.RESULTS:In the GCC inner ring,a thinner thickness(P=0.001)was observed in the atrophic AMD group(51.3±21.4μm)compared to the early AMD(84.3±11.5μm),intermediate AMD(77.6±16.1μm)and neovascular AMD(88.9±16.3μm)groups.Choroidal thickness quantification showed a generalized reduction in the central circle(P=0.002)and inner ring(P=0.001).Slight reductions in retinal thickness were more accentuated in the inner ring in the atrophic AMD(-13%;P<0.01).CONCLUSION:The variation of the analyzed structures could be an indicator of risk of progression with neurodegenerative(GCC)or vascular(choroid)pattern in the intermediate and atrophic AMD.The quantification of both structures can provide important information about the risk of disease progression in the early and intermediate stages but also for the evolution pattern into late stages(atrophic or neovascular).展开更多
Cardiac rehabilitation helps improve the prognosis and quality of life for patients with heart disease. To show its interest in the African context, in the management of heart disease, a prospective study was carried ...Cardiac rehabilitation helps improve the prognosis and quality of life for patients with heart disease. To show its interest in the African context, in the management of heart disease, a prospective study was carried out. Its objective was to evaluate the effects of physical rehabilitation on cardiac function. Methods: Patients were evaluated at the beginning and at the end of cardiovascular rehabilitation by cardiovascular, biological, and echocardiographic parameters including the size of the heart chambers, the kinetics of the walls, and the systolic function of the ventricles. Results: The study involved 12 patients, 67% of whom were men. After cardiac rehabilitation, the mean hemodynamic constants had not been significantly modified. However, a significant decrease in Total-Cholesterol, LDL-Cholesterol and triglyceride levels was noted. Mean fasting blood sugar decreased from 1.25 ± 0.48 g/L to 0.92 ± 0.18 g/L and glycated hemoglobin from 7.72% ± 0.01% to 6.45% ± 0.008%. The echocardiographic parameters studied showed an improvement in the dilation of the heart chambers in 8.33% of the patients, the normalization of the ejection fraction of the left ventricle in 16% patients, the improvement of the kinetic disorders in 16% of patients and recovery of right ventricular systolic function in all patients. Conclusion: Cardiac rehabilitation as a secondary preventive measure for cardiovascular disease has contributed significantly to improving the clinico-biological parameters of the disease.展开更多
This study describes the floristic composition and structure of a woody stand in the Senegalese Sahel, paying particular attention to the edaphic factors of its floristic composition. A stratified inventory considerin...This study describes the floristic composition and structure of a woody stand in the Senegalese Sahel, paying particular attention to the edaphic factors of its floristic composition. A stratified inventory considering the different relief units was adopted. Woody vegetation was surveyed using a dendrometric approach. The results obtained show that the flora is dominated by a few species adapted to drought, such as Balanites aegyptiaca (L.) Del., Calotropis procera Ait. and Boscia senegalensis (Pers.). The distribution of this flora and the structure of the ligneous plants are linked to the topography. In the lowlands, the flora is more diversified and the ligneous plants reach their optimum level of development compared with the higher relief areas. In the lowlands, there are a few woody species which, in the past, were indicative of better climatic conditions. These are Anogeissus leiocarpus (DC.), Commiphora africana (A. Rich.), Feretia apodanthera Del., Loeseneriella africana (A. Smith), Mitragyna inermis (Willd.) and Sclerocarya birrea (A. Rich). It is important that their reintroduction into reforestation projects takes account of their edaphic preference.展开更多
The main objective of the study was to investigate the diversity of the woody stratum of the vegetation in intercommunity rangelands in the department of Koungheul based on an ecological inventory using vegetation sur...The main objective of the study was to investigate the diversity of the woody stratum of the vegetation in intercommunity rangelands in the department of Koungheul based on an ecological inventory using vegetation surveys. The results indicate a rich flora of 70 species divided into 54 genera and 27 families where Ceasalpiniaceae and Rubiaceae are dominant (5 genera each). They are followed by Combretaceae and Euphorbiacea (4 genera each) and by Capparaceae, Fabaceae and Mimosaceae (3 genera for each family). But at the specific level, it is the Combretaceae which dominates with 10 species and Rubiaceae (7 species). It is more representative at the level of the rural community of Lour Esacale. The different values of vegetation parameters from one site to another indicate variability in community rangeland management practices. The woody stand, dominated by small Combretaceae, shows a relatively stable level of organization with an average equitability of about 45% for the two rural communities studied. Species such as Cordyla pinnata, Sclerocarya birrea, Adansonia digitata and Sterculia setigera contributed strongly to the basal and aerial cover of the overall stand. The regeneration of the stand is very good (about 85% on average) but it represents very few species, especially of the Combretaceae family. This shows a tendency to a progressive loss of species richness in the woody stratum.展开更多
The past few years have witnessed power conversion efficiency(PCE)of organic solar cells(OSCs)skyrocketing to the value of 20%due to the outstanding advantages of organic photoactive materials.The latter,which consist...The past few years have witnessed power conversion efficiency(PCE)of organic solar cells(OSCs)skyrocketing to the value of 20%due to the outstanding advantages of organic photoactive materials.The latter,which consist of donor and acceptor materials,indeed play important roles in OSCs,and particularly one building block has attracted considerable research attention,namely benzothiadiazole(BT).The diversity of OSCs based on the BT structure have indeed sprung up,and the progressive increase in PCE values is more than just eye-catching since it heralds a renewal and bright future of OSCs.This review analyzes significant studies that have led to these remarkable progresses and focuses on the most effective BT small-molecules and BT polymers for OSC reported in the last decades.The pivotal structure-property relationships,donor-acceptor matching criteria,and morphology control approaches are gathered and discussed in this paper.Lastly,we summarize the remaining challenges and offer a personal perspective on the future advance and improvement of OSCs.展开更多
Gomphrena serrata L. (Amaranthaceae) is a medicinal plant widely used traditionally in rural areas to treat many diseases, including gastrointestinal helminthiasis of small ruminants. This work aims to estimate the pl...Gomphrena serrata L. (Amaranthaceae) is a medicinal plant widely used traditionally in rural areas to treat many diseases, including gastrointestinal helminthiasis of small ruminants. This work aims to estimate the plant extracts phytochemical potential and study the activities of the aqueous decoction (GS_AD), aqueous macerate (GS_AM), and hydroalcoholic macerate (GS_HEM) of Gomphrena serrata extracts on two developmental stages (eggs and adult worms) of Haemonchus contortus. Phytochemical screening was carried out. The acute toxicity test was performed according to the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) test guideline 423. The Haemonchus contortus eggs hatching inhibition test was performed left to incubate for 48 hours in the presence of the different plant extracts at increasing concentrations of 0.125;0.25;0.5;0.625;1;2;3 mg/mL. For the motility inhibition test on adult worms, the worms were contacted with the extracts at concentrations of 0.75;1;1.25;1.5;2;3;4 mg/mL and left to incubate for 24 hours. Albendazole and levamisole were used as standard. Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of tannins, saponins, reducing compounds, coumarins and derivatives, anthocyanins, steroids, triterpenes, and flavonoids. An acute toxicity study showed that the oral LD<sub>50</sub> value of G. serrata was estimated to be 5000 mg/kg. All extracts showed an effect on both stages of parasite development. The hatching inhibition rate was 100% from 3 mg/mL for all three extracts. The rate of inhibition of motility was 100% from 4 mg/mL for each extract. HEM is more efficient on eggs and Haemonchus contortus adult worms than other extracts with IC<sub>50</sub> of 0.457 mg/mL and LC<sub>50</sub><sub> </sub>of 1.329 mg/mL, respectively. These results suggest that Gomphrena serrata, a plant used by farmers, has anthelmintic properties.展开更多
Introduction: Following the COVID-19 pandemic, vaccination has been proposed in several countries as the main preventive measure despite very limited data, particularly in dialysis patients. We conducted this study to...Introduction: Following the COVID-19 pandemic, vaccination has been proposed in several countries as the main preventive measure despite very limited data, particularly in dialysis patients. We conducted this study to assess the immunological response to vaccination in Senegalese hemodialysis patients. Patients and Methods: We conducted a prospective study, in two dialysis centers in Dakar from March 30<sup>th</sup> to August 30<sup>th</sup>, 2021 including patients on hemodialysis for >6 months, vaccinated against SARS-CoV-2 according to the vaccination schedule recommended by WHO. A vaccine response was considered positive when seroconversion was observed after one dose of vaccine. The clinical efficacy of immunization was defined as the absence of new COVID-19 infection in patients who received a complete vaccination. Results: Among the 81 patients included in the study, 7.4% had anti-Spike IgM antibodies before their first vaccination. Seroprevalence of IgM antibodies was 38.3% one month after the first vaccine dose (at M1) and 8.6% one month after the second dose (at M4). Anti-Spike IgG antibodies were present in 40.3% of patients before vaccination, in 90.1% at M1, and in 59.7% at M4. Among patients previously infected with SARS-CoV-2, 10.2% had IgM antibodies at M0, 31.6% at M1, and 10.5% at M4 post-vaccination. Similarly, seroprevalences of IgG antibodies in this subgroup were 31.5%, 61.3%, and 50.0% respectively at M0, M1, and M4 post-vaccination. A comparison of seroconversion rates between M0 and M4 showed significant differences only for IgG in COVID-19 naive patients. Mean duration in dialysis and the existence of previous COVID-19 infection were associated with patients’ vaccinal response after the two doses. Age, gender and the use of immunosuppressive treatment did not influence post-vaccinal antibody production. Conclusion: Vaccination against COVID-19 in Senegalese hemodialysis patients induced a low seroconversion rate but it was well tolerated. Moreover, the induced protection was neither strong nor durable, particularly in patients with longer duration in dialysis.展开更多
Asthma is one of the most common chronic respiratory pathologies worldwide. The cost of its treatment, particularly for populations in developing countries like Senegal, requires an alternative which consists of devel...Asthma is one of the most common chronic respiratory pathologies worldwide. The cost of its treatment, particularly for populations in developing countries like Senegal, requires an alternative which consists of developing research into new therapeutic approaches with the use of plants from traditional pharmacopoeia. The objective of this study was to determine whether the hydroalcoholic extract of Terminalia avicennioides leaves has a preventive effect on the constriction of tracheal smooth muscle induced by Acetylcholine in Wistar strain rats. Methods: The species used in our experiments were male Wistar rats aged between 12 and 14 weeks. Rings of rat trachea were suspended in isolated organ chambers connected to tension sensors. Two pharmacological agents were used: acetylcholine, for its constrictor effect and adrenaline, for its dilating effect on the pulmonary trachea. Our plant material consisted of a hydroalcoholic extract of Terminalia avicennioides leaves. The experimental protocol was that of the preventive model which consisted of impregnating these rings with the extract at a defined concentration then testing its contractility in the presence of Acetylcholine which was the contractile agonist used in this study. The preventive effect of the extract was studied with an Acetylcholine contraction range on rings pre-incubated with Terminalia avicennioides extract. Results: The results showed that Acetylcholine contracts the trachea and the increase in its contractility was dependent on the dose of Ach added cumulatively (10<sup>−5</sup> to 4 × 10<sup>−5</sup> mol/l). The administration of the hydroalcoholic extract of Terminalia avicennioides leaves led to a modification of the contractile response to Acetylcholine. Indeed, this extract induced a significant attenuation of the contractile responses of the treated tracheal rings compared to those untreated. Conclusion: Terminalia avicennioides had a relaxing effect on tracheal smooth muscle and this effect could play an important role in the prevention of bronchial hyperreactivity in certain respiratory diseases, particularly asthmatic disease.展开更多
Background: Type 2 diabetes is a metabolic disease characterized by chronic hyperglycemia. The latter plays an essential role in inflammation by stimulating the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines or by increasin...Background: Type 2 diabetes is a metabolic disease characterized by chronic hyperglycemia. The latter plays an essential role in inflammation by stimulating the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines or by increasing their secretion by an oxidative mechanism. These cytokines control the hepatic synthesis of an inflammatory protein called C-Reactive Protein (CRP). High or average values of CRP would have a predictive value of cardiovascular diseases and type 2 diabetes. The relationship between low CRP values and the risk of developing type 2 diabetes and its cardiovascular complications is not sufficiently studied. The hsCRP could serve as a predictive biomarker of risk of onset, follow-up and prognosis for type 2 diabetes and its cardiovascular complications. To answer this problem, we conducted this study, the aim of which was to study the predictive role of hsCRP in the risk of occurrence of type 2 diabetes and its cardiovascular complications. Materials and Methods: This is a prospective and cross-sectional case-control study involving 200 participants including 100 control women and 100 women with type 2 diabetes (mean age was respectively 49.89 years ± 8.26 & 51.92 years ± 7.18;p = 0.066). The interviews were conducted on the basis of a questionnaire. Physical examination collected biometric data and cardiovascular constants. The biochemical parameters such as hsCRP were analyzed by an automated Abbott device. Results: We noted that hsCRP was significantly higher in type 2 diabetic subjects compared to control subjects (p (rho = 0.40, p systolic blood pressure (rho = 0.30, p = 0.003), diastolic blood pressure (rho = 0.28, p = 0.006), total body fat (rho = 0.48, p Conclusion: hsCRP has a prognostic value in the evaluation of cardiovascular risk. It seems to play an important role in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its cardiovascular complications. It could thus be considered as a biomarker for the screening, monitoring and prognosis of type 2 diabetes mellitus.展开更多
Tuberculosis is one of the most important infectious diseases in our country. Also nosocomial infection by tuberculosis can occur, which can be prevented by implementing simple, effective and affordable tuberculosis i...Tuberculosis is one of the most important infectious diseases in our country. Also nosocomial infection by tuberculosis can occur, which can be prevented by implementing simple, effective and affordable tuberculosis infection control measures in health care facilities. To evaluate the effectiveness of infection control measures, such study was planned. Questionnaires were administered to all doctors, healthcare workers and servants working in outdoor and indoor department of tuberculosis at tertiary care hospital to assess the knowledge, attitudes and practices on prevention and control of Tuberculosis infection. A scoring system was devised to grade them. One-time audit was also done in outpatient and inpatient department. The analysis showed scoring of poor for doctors, good for nurses and poor forward aids. There is a need to develop strategies for training of health care workers on regular basis in order to reduce the incidence of nosocomial infections. Audit result shows a good level of environmental control measures. Better knowledge, attitude and practices are helpful for the prevention and control of tuberculosis. Also environmental control measures are helpful to prevent infection.展开更多
Objective: This study focused on the antibacterial and anti-proliferative activity of extracts from Carica papaya and Cocos nucifera roots. Methodology: The minimum inhibitory concentration and the minimum bactericida...Objective: This study focused on the antibacterial and anti-proliferative activity of extracts from Carica papaya and Cocos nucifera roots. Methodology: The minimum inhibitory concentration and the minimum bactericidal concentration of the extracts on Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Streptococcus mutans, and Staphylococcus aureus were deduced by the microdilution method. The anti-biofilm activity was determined on all four strains and anti-quorum sensing activity by inhibition of violacein production in Chromobacterium violaceum. Anti-proliferative activity on prostate cultured cancer cells was evaluated by MTT assay. Sterols and triterpenes were also assayed in this study. Results: The methanolic extract of Carica papaya showed the best anti-biofilm effect with a percentage inhibition of 66.10 ± 1.79. The methanolic extract of Cocos nucifera had the strongest inhibition on the production of quorum sensing (61.42 ± 0.28). In addition, the methanolic extract of Cocos nucifera roots showed the best cytotoxic effect on prostate cancer LNCaP cell lines (IC<sub>50</sub> = 26.98 ± 2.6 μg/mL) and Carica papaya on the PC-3 lines (IC<sub>50</sub> = 127.20 ± 5.99 μg/mL). The extracts were also rich in triterpenes and sterols. Conclusion: This study provides support for the ethnomedical use of Carica papaya and Cocos nucifera roots as an antimicrobial and anticancer.展开更多
The aim of this study was to evaluate orthodontic treatment needs among Ferlo scholars. The design of the study was descriptive and transversal. For Inclusion criteria, children must live in Widou or live around Widou...The aim of this study was to evaluate orthodontic treatment needs among Ferlo scholars. The design of the study was descriptive and transversal. For Inclusion criteria, children must live in Widou or live around Widou’s school at least 6 km, be students at primary school of Widou Thiengoly, have a general health state which permits a clinical oral examination and teacher’s and/or parent’s agreement. The investigation was exhaustive and concerned the only school of the locality. More of 4/5 schoolchildren was 10.25 years ± 2.15 old. The majority (83.74%) of children presented an overjet between 0 and 3.5 mm, 1.63% presented a crossbite and 15.45% had OIM and RC different over to 2 mm. More of 30% of schoolchildren presented an overbite between 1 and 2 mm. More of 1/10 of them had an aesthetic teeth perception classified levels 8.9 and 10 corresponding to an orthodontic treatment needed according to IOTN while 20.33% had a score of 4 and 3.25% recorded score of 5 corresponding to a high treatment needed according to IOTN. The results of this study reveal that people need to be informed better about the therapeutic possibilities that orthodontics offer.展开更多
Lannea velutina is a traditional herbal remedy used to treat various diseases, including hypertension (HBP). Herbal medicines are affordable, and some have minimal side effects;they are rich in bioactive components th...Lannea velutina is a traditional herbal remedy used to treat various diseases, including hypertension (HBP). Herbal medicines are affordable, and some have minimal side effects;they are rich in bioactive components that encourage prevention and treatment. This work uses appropriate experimental paradigms to investigate the phytochemical composition, antioxidant activity, and acute oral toxicity of L. velutina trunk bark extracted in water, methanol, ethyl acetate, dichloromethane, and hexane. According to a high-performance thin-layer chromatography profile, this shrub’s bark contains sterols, saponosides, flavonoids, and tannins. Compared to ethyl acetate and aqueous extracts, the methanol extract had the highest total phenolic (607.06 ± 0.6 mg GAE/g DW), flavonoid (20.97 ± 0.23 mg QE/g DW), and condensed tannins (194.50 ± 0.75 CE/g DW) content. The methanol extract displayed the highest antioxidant activity using the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging capability assay (IC<sub>50</sub> = 8.59 g/mL;AAI = 4.66) compared to the other extracts. It exhibited antiradical action comparable to that of Trolox (IC<sub>50</sub> = 15.16 g/mL), ascorbic acid (IC<sub>50</sub> = 11.94 g/mL), and catechin (IC<sub>50</sub> = 11.64 g/mL). The connection between flavonoid concentration and hydrophilic antioxidant activity was robust (r = 0.997). Mice were used to evaluate the acute oral toxicity of ethyl acetate, methanol, and aqueous extracts using guidelines 425 of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development. All tested extracts have an estimated LD<sub>50</sub> greater than 2000 mg/kg body weight. The truncal bark of L. velutina could be an alternative source for HTA management.展开更多
Information Research Limited公司(IRL)每年都研究防护涂料市场,重点关注21个主要国家,旨在提供有关该市场的准确意见.在对每个市场的主要企业进行广泛研究的基础上,于2019年4月公布了最新的防护涂料报告.过去10年,全球防护涂料市场经...Information Research Limited公司(IRL)每年都研究防护涂料市场,重点关注21个主要国家,旨在提供有关该市场的准确意见.在对每个市场的主要企业进行广泛研究的基础上,于2019年4月公布了最新的防护涂料报告.过去10年,全球防护涂料市场经历了强劲的增长.中国和其他亚洲经济体的增长势头强劲,弥补了欧洲和北美经济的缓慢复苏,使过去10年中防护涂料的销售呈现增长.展开更多
<strong>Background: </strong>Type 2 diabetes mellitus, beyond its well-known cardiovascular and neurological complications, is now increasingly recognized as having deleterious effects on bone tissue. It’...<strong>Background: </strong>Type 2 diabetes mellitus, beyond its well-known cardiovascular and neurological complications, is now increasingly recognized as having deleterious effects on bone tissue. It’s thus presented as an independent risk factor for bone fragility with a considerable fracture risk relating to many more or less intricate parameters. The general objective of our study is to assess bone mass during type 2 diabetes in Senegalese women. <strong>Methodology:</strong> We had carried out a cross-sectional and descriptive study. Socio-demographic characteristics were collected on the basis of a questionnaire. Then each of the subjects had undergone a complete clinical examination followed by a blood sample for a biological assessment of certain cardiovascular risk factors. Bone mass was measured using a bio-impedancemeter. <strong>Results:</strong> We recruited 88 women with type 2 diabetes and 83 healthy control women. The mean age of diabetic subjects was 52.7 years ± 6.8 (with extremes of 39 and 74 years). In control, the mean age was 51.0 ± 8.5 years (with extremes of 35 and 72 years). Among the diabetic subjects, 22 subjects or 25% practiced a regular walk against 27 (32.5%) in the control. Forty-three among the diabetic subjects (48.8%) were known hypertensive and followed. According to the body mass index, 71 patients (80.7%) were overweight compared to 59 (71.1%) controls. According to the waist size, 80 (90.9%) diabetic subjects had an elevated waist size compared to 69 control women (83.1%). Among diabetic subjects, 41 patients (46.5%) were hyperglycemic imbalance according to fasting blood glucose and 59 patients (67%) according to glycated hemoglobin level. Thirty-seven diabetics (42%), had both high fasting blood glucose and elevated glycated hemoglobin. The mean duration of diabetes was 8.68 ± 7.18 years. We found significantly higher bone mass in type 2 diabetic subjects (p = 0.03). Among diabetics, 27.3% had low bone mass compared to 36.1% of control. It’s noted that the subjects of the “low bone mass” group among the control subjects also have a significant drop in other anthropometric parameters (weight, body mass index, waist size, muscle mass). It should also be noted that the fat mass is significantly higher in diabetic subjects with normal or even high bone mass. In control subjects, bone mass was positively correlated with weight (r = 0.36;p = 0.001), muscle mass (r = 0.93;p < 0.0001) and fasting blood glucose (r = 0.26;p = 0.02);and negatively correlate with age (r = 0.22;p = 0.04). On the other hand, in type 2 diabetic subjects, bone mass is positively correlated with age (r = 0.22;p = 0.04), muscle mass (r = 0.89;p < 0.0001) and the diabetes duration (r = 0.44;p = 0.001). <strong>Conclusion: </strong>Bone mass is higher in type 2 diabetics compared to healthy controls. Chronic hyperglycemia and the diabetes duration are believed to be responsible for the increase in bone mass. In addition, an increase in muscle mass would lead to an increase in bone mass.展开更多
Background: Tuberculosis is a highly infectious disease and India has the highest burden with it. Diagnosis of tuberculosis in many countries is still dependent on microscopy. Although its sensitivity is low in compar...Background: Tuberculosis is a highly infectious disease and India has the highest burden with it. Diagnosis of tuberculosis in many countries is still dependent on microscopy. Although its sensitivity is low in comparison to culture and molecular methods, its sensitivity can still be improved by using fluorescence staining method and processing of samples by homogenization and concentration method. Material and methods: Samples were collected from all newly registered suspected cases of tuberculosis in tertiary care hospital from outward and indoor department during a period of one year. Smears were prepared for Ziehl Neelsen stain and fluorescence stain both before and after homogenization and concentration procedure by 4% NAOH-2.9% sodium citrate method and results of them were interpreted according to RNTCP criteria for grading of sputum samples. All the samples were cultured in liquid culture MGIT system (Mycobacterial Growth Indicator Tube) and results of microscopy were compared with liquid culture taken as gold standard. Data were analyzed by using SPSS software version 16. Result: 350 samples were collected during study period. Out of 350 samples, 48 samples were positive for M. tuberculosis by MGIT system. In comparison with MGIT system, sensitivity of Z N stain for detection of acid fast bacilli was 77% before decontamination procedure, which was increased up to 85.42% after decontamination and concentration process. Sensitivity of fluroscence stain was 85.42% before processing, which was increased up to 91.67% after processing of samples. Conclusion: Sensitivity of smear microscopy can be enhanced by use of fluroscence microscopy and concentration method.展开更多
Diospyros mespiliformis Hochst. ex A. DC. (Ebenaceae) is a multi-use plant, including for therapeutic purposes. It is used in alternative medicine in Burkina Faso to treat conjunctivitis, menorrhagia, dysentery, and d...Diospyros mespiliformis Hochst. ex A. DC. (Ebenaceae) is a multi-use plant, including for therapeutic purposes. It is used in alternative medicine in Burkina Faso to treat conjunctivitis, menorrhagia, dysentery, and diarrhea. The aim of our study was to evaluate the chemical profile, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities, safety of use and spasmolytic effects of the aqueous decoction of Diospyros mespiliformis leaves. Phytochemical screening by HPTLC and assay of compounds of interest were carried out. Four methods were used to assess antioxidant activity. Inhibitory activity against 15-lipoxygenase and phospholipase A2 was assessed. Acute oral toxicity of the extract was tested on female mice (NMRI). Following these tests, the extract contained bioactive compounds of interest such as flavonoids, tannins, sterols, triterpenes, and saponosides. The total phenolic and flavonoid contents of the aqueous decoctate were 70.59 ± 3.20 mg EAT/g and 31.57 ± 0.78 mg EQ/g respectively. The extract was less active than Trolox with inhibitory concentrations of 50% (IC<sub>50</sub>) for the ABTS, DPPH, FRAP, and LPO tests of 7.53 ± 0.08 μg/mL, 29.47 ± 0.06 μg/mL, 1128.83 ± 4.82 mol EAA/g, and 32.30 ± 1.60 μg/mL respectively. The extract has an anti-inflammatory effect with inhibition of phospholipase A2 compared to betamethasone. In addition, the aqueous extract produced an antispasmodic effect with Emax of 70% and 80% respectively during contractions induced by BaCl<sub>2</sub> and ACh. Finally, this study provided basic scientific data and could justify the use of D. mespiliformis leaves in the treatment of diarrhea.展开更多
Lipid metabolism disorders would be among the components responsible for the risk of the onset of T2DM and its vascular complications. Apolipoprotein E plays an important role in lipid metabolism. We studied the invol...Lipid metabolism disorders would be among the components responsible for the risk of the onset of T2DM and its vascular complications. Apolipoprotein E plays an important role in lipid metabolism. We studied the involvement of the APOE gene in the onset of T2DM and its vascular complications. Clinical and biochemical parameters were assessed in each participant. APOE genotypes were identified by PCR-RFLP. Arterial stiffness was studied using a pOpmetre<sup>®</sup> which evaluates the pulse wave velocity (ft-PWV). Endothelial dysfunction was studied using an EndoPAT2000<sup>®</sup> which measures endothelium-dependent vasodilation (RHI). In control subjects, the ε3 allele was associated with an increase in fasting blood glucose (r = 2.36, p = 0.018), and a decrease in LDL cholesterol levels (r = −2.17, p = 0.03), and ε4 was associated with an increase in total cholesterol (r = 2.59, p = 0.01), LDL cholesterol (r = 2.84, p = 0.004), and No-HDL cholesterol (r = 2.74, p = 0.006). In type 2 diabetes subjects, the ε2 was associated with a decrease in diastolic blood pressure (r = −2.25, p = 0.02). The ε3 was associated with a decrease in ft-PWV (r = −2.26, p = 0.024) while the ε4 was associated with an increase in ft-PWV (r = 2.52, p = 0.012). Carrying the ε2ε3 genotype would have in 99% a limited risk of developing T2DM, and in event of T2DM, only 1 to 2% would have a significant risk of developing atherosclerosis, which would be severe in 17%. Of the ε2ε4 genotype, 93% had a limited or even possible risk of developing T2DM, the remaining 7% had a very high risk of developing T2DM. Diabetics carrying ε2ε4 had in 7% very high risk of developing atherosclerosis. The latter had a 20% very high risk of being very severe. Subjects carrying the ε3ε4 genotype had a 67% possible or even probable risk of developing T2DM and in the event of diabetes, there was in 34% very high risk of developing atherosclerosis which will not have even the time to evolve towards severity. For subjects carrying the ε3ε3, the risk of developing T2DM and athérosclerosis was higher than that of the ε2ε3, and ε2ε4 genotypes but lower than that ε3ε4 genotype. The physio-pathological role of the APOE gene and the impacts of its polymorphisms are important in the onset and progression of type 2 diabetes mellitus.展开更多
The rapid advancement of renewable energy technologies is essential for combating global climate change and achieving energy sustainability.Among the various renewable sources,solar energy stands out,with silicon play...The rapid advancement of renewable energy technologies is essential for combating global climate change and achieving energy sustainability.Among the various renewable sources,solar energy stands out,with silicon playing a pivotal role in solar energy conversion.However,traditional silicon-based devices often face challenges due to high surface reflectance,which limits their efficiency.The emergence of black silicon(b-Si)offers a transformative solution,thanks to its micro-and nanoscale structures that provide ultra-low reflectivity and enhanced light absorption.This makes b-Si an ideal candidate for improving solar energy devices.Beyond solar energy applications,b-Si has drawn notable interest in photonics,including applications in photodetectors,surface-enhanced Raman scattering,and imaging.This review explores b-Si comprehensively,discussing its fabrication processes,distinctive properties,and contributions to both solar energy conversion and photonic technologies.Key topics include its roles in solar cells,photoelectrochemical systems,solar thermal energy conversion,and advanced photonic devices.Furthermore,the review addresses the challenges and future directions for optimizing b-Si to facilitate its practical deployment across a range of energy and photonic applications.展开更多
基金Supported by FCT/MCTES UIDB/05608/2020(https://doi.org/10.54499/UIDB/05608/2020)UIDP/05608/2020(https://doi.org/10.54499/UIDP/05608/2020)+1 种基金IDI&CA grant IPL/2022/MetAllAMD_ESTeSL by H&TRC-Health&Technology Research Center,ESTeSL-Escola Superior de Tecnologia da Saúde,Instituto Politécnico de Lisboaby Retina Institute of Lisbon(IRL).
文摘AIM:To quantify and compare longitudinal thickness changes of the ganglion cell complex(GCC)and the choroid in patients with different patterns of age-related macular degeneration(AMD)progression.METHODS:Retrospective cohort analysis of anonymized data from participants aged 50y or more and diagnosed with early/intermediate AMD in at least one eye(with no evidence of advanced AMD).A total of 64 participants were included from the Instituto de Retina de Lisboa(IRL)study(IPL/2022/MetAllAMD_ESTeSL)and divided into 4 groups according to the Rotterdam classification for AMD.Spectral domain optical coherence tomography(SD-OCT)was used to assess and quantify GCC and choroid thickness at two time points(first visit vs last visit)with a minimum interval of 3y.RESULTS:In the GCC inner ring,a thinner thickness(P=0.001)was observed in the atrophic AMD group(51.3±21.4μm)compared to the early AMD(84.3±11.5μm),intermediate AMD(77.6±16.1μm)and neovascular AMD(88.9±16.3μm)groups.Choroidal thickness quantification showed a generalized reduction in the central circle(P=0.002)and inner ring(P=0.001).Slight reductions in retinal thickness were more accentuated in the inner ring in the atrophic AMD(-13%;P<0.01).CONCLUSION:The variation of the analyzed structures could be an indicator of risk of progression with neurodegenerative(GCC)or vascular(choroid)pattern in the intermediate and atrophic AMD.The quantification of both structures can provide important information about the risk of disease progression in the early and intermediate stages but also for the evolution pattern into late stages(atrophic or neovascular).
文摘Cardiac rehabilitation helps improve the prognosis and quality of life for patients with heart disease. To show its interest in the African context, in the management of heart disease, a prospective study was carried out. Its objective was to evaluate the effects of physical rehabilitation on cardiac function. Methods: Patients were evaluated at the beginning and at the end of cardiovascular rehabilitation by cardiovascular, biological, and echocardiographic parameters including the size of the heart chambers, the kinetics of the walls, and the systolic function of the ventricles. Results: The study involved 12 patients, 67% of whom were men. After cardiac rehabilitation, the mean hemodynamic constants had not been significantly modified. However, a significant decrease in Total-Cholesterol, LDL-Cholesterol and triglyceride levels was noted. Mean fasting blood sugar decreased from 1.25 ± 0.48 g/L to 0.92 ± 0.18 g/L and glycated hemoglobin from 7.72% ± 0.01% to 6.45% ± 0.008%. The echocardiographic parameters studied showed an improvement in the dilation of the heart chambers in 8.33% of the patients, the normalization of the ejection fraction of the left ventricle in 16% patients, the improvement of the kinetic disorders in 16% of patients and recovery of right ventricular systolic function in all patients. Conclusion: Cardiac rehabilitation as a secondary preventive measure for cardiovascular disease has contributed significantly to improving the clinico-biological parameters of the disease.
文摘This study describes the floristic composition and structure of a woody stand in the Senegalese Sahel, paying particular attention to the edaphic factors of its floristic composition. A stratified inventory considering the different relief units was adopted. Woody vegetation was surveyed using a dendrometric approach. The results obtained show that the flora is dominated by a few species adapted to drought, such as Balanites aegyptiaca (L.) Del., Calotropis procera Ait. and Boscia senegalensis (Pers.). The distribution of this flora and the structure of the ligneous plants are linked to the topography. In the lowlands, the flora is more diversified and the ligneous plants reach their optimum level of development compared with the higher relief areas. In the lowlands, there are a few woody species which, in the past, were indicative of better climatic conditions. These are Anogeissus leiocarpus (DC.), Commiphora africana (A. Rich.), Feretia apodanthera Del., Loeseneriella africana (A. Smith), Mitragyna inermis (Willd.) and Sclerocarya birrea (A. Rich). It is important that their reintroduction into reforestation projects takes account of their edaphic preference.
文摘The main objective of the study was to investigate the diversity of the woody stratum of the vegetation in intercommunity rangelands in the department of Koungheul based on an ecological inventory using vegetation surveys. The results indicate a rich flora of 70 species divided into 54 genera and 27 families where Ceasalpiniaceae and Rubiaceae are dominant (5 genera each). They are followed by Combretaceae and Euphorbiacea (4 genera each) and by Capparaceae, Fabaceae and Mimosaceae (3 genera for each family). But at the specific level, it is the Combretaceae which dominates with 10 species and Rubiaceae (7 species). It is more representative at the level of the rural community of Lour Esacale. The different values of vegetation parameters from one site to another indicate variability in community rangeland management practices. The woody stand, dominated by small Combretaceae, shows a relatively stable level of organization with an average equitability of about 45% for the two rural communities studied. Species such as Cordyla pinnata, Sclerocarya birrea, Adansonia digitata and Sterculia setigera contributed strongly to the basal and aerial cover of the overall stand. The regeneration of the stand is very good (about 85% on average) but it represents very few species, especially of the Combretaceae family. This shows a tendency to a progressive loss of species richness in the woody stratum.
基金Major Program of Natural Science Foundation of the Higher Education Institutions of Jiangsu Province,China(No.19KJA460005)Special Science and Technology Innovation Fund of Jiangsu Province on Carbon Peak and Carbon Neutralization-Frontier Fundamental Project(No.BK20220010).
文摘The past few years have witnessed power conversion efficiency(PCE)of organic solar cells(OSCs)skyrocketing to the value of 20%due to the outstanding advantages of organic photoactive materials.The latter,which consist of donor and acceptor materials,indeed play important roles in OSCs,and particularly one building block has attracted considerable research attention,namely benzothiadiazole(BT).The diversity of OSCs based on the BT structure have indeed sprung up,and the progressive increase in PCE values is more than just eye-catching since it heralds a renewal and bright future of OSCs.This review analyzes significant studies that have led to these remarkable progresses and focuses on the most effective BT small-molecules and BT polymers for OSC reported in the last decades.The pivotal structure-property relationships,donor-acceptor matching criteria,and morphology control approaches are gathered and discussed in this paper.Lastly,we summarize the remaining challenges and offer a personal perspective on the future advance and improvement of OSCs.
文摘Gomphrena serrata L. (Amaranthaceae) is a medicinal plant widely used traditionally in rural areas to treat many diseases, including gastrointestinal helminthiasis of small ruminants. This work aims to estimate the plant extracts phytochemical potential and study the activities of the aqueous decoction (GS_AD), aqueous macerate (GS_AM), and hydroalcoholic macerate (GS_HEM) of Gomphrena serrata extracts on two developmental stages (eggs and adult worms) of Haemonchus contortus. Phytochemical screening was carried out. The acute toxicity test was performed according to the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) test guideline 423. The Haemonchus contortus eggs hatching inhibition test was performed left to incubate for 48 hours in the presence of the different plant extracts at increasing concentrations of 0.125;0.25;0.5;0.625;1;2;3 mg/mL. For the motility inhibition test on adult worms, the worms were contacted with the extracts at concentrations of 0.75;1;1.25;1.5;2;3;4 mg/mL and left to incubate for 24 hours. Albendazole and levamisole were used as standard. Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of tannins, saponins, reducing compounds, coumarins and derivatives, anthocyanins, steroids, triterpenes, and flavonoids. An acute toxicity study showed that the oral LD<sub>50</sub> value of G. serrata was estimated to be 5000 mg/kg. All extracts showed an effect on both stages of parasite development. The hatching inhibition rate was 100% from 3 mg/mL for all three extracts. The rate of inhibition of motility was 100% from 4 mg/mL for each extract. HEM is more efficient on eggs and Haemonchus contortus adult worms than other extracts with IC<sub>50</sub> of 0.457 mg/mL and LC<sub>50</sub><sub> </sub>of 1.329 mg/mL, respectively. These results suggest that Gomphrena serrata, a plant used by farmers, has anthelmintic properties.
文摘Introduction: Following the COVID-19 pandemic, vaccination has been proposed in several countries as the main preventive measure despite very limited data, particularly in dialysis patients. We conducted this study to assess the immunological response to vaccination in Senegalese hemodialysis patients. Patients and Methods: We conducted a prospective study, in two dialysis centers in Dakar from March 30<sup>th</sup> to August 30<sup>th</sup>, 2021 including patients on hemodialysis for >6 months, vaccinated against SARS-CoV-2 according to the vaccination schedule recommended by WHO. A vaccine response was considered positive when seroconversion was observed after one dose of vaccine. The clinical efficacy of immunization was defined as the absence of new COVID-19 infection in patients who received a complete vaccination. Results: Among the 81 patients included in the study, 7.4% had anti-Spike IgM antibodies before their first vaccination. Seroprevalence of IgM antibodies was 38.3% one month after the first vaccine dose (at M1) and 8.6% one month after the second dose (at M4). Anti-Spike IgG antibodies were present in 40.3% of patients before vaccination, in 90.1% at M1, and in 59.7% at M4. Among patients previously infected with SARS-CoV-2, 10.2% had IgM antibodies at M0, 31.6% at M1, and 10.5% at M4 post-vaccination. Similarly, seroprevalences of IgG antibodies in this subgroup were 31.5%, 61.3%, and 50.0% respectively at M0, M1, and M4 post-vaccination. A comparison of seroconversion rates between M0 and M4 showed significant differences only for IgG in COVID-19 naive patients. Mean duration in dialysis and the existence of previous COVID-19 infection were associated with patients’ vaccinal response after the two doses. Age, gender and the use of immunosuppressive treatment did not influence post-vaccinal antibody production. Conclusion: Vaccination against COVID-19 in Senegalese hemodialysis patients induced a low seroconversion rate but it was well tolerated. Moreover, the induced protection was neither strong nor durable, particularly in patients with longer duration in dialysis.
文摘Asthma is one of the most common chronic respiratory pathologies worldwide. The cost of its treatment, particularly for populations in developing countries like Senegal, requires an alternative which consists of developing research into new therapeutic approaches with the use of plants from traditional pharmacopoeia. The objective of this study was to determine whether the hydroalcoholic extract of Terminalia avicennioides leaves has a preventive effect on the constriction of tracheal smooth muscle induced by Acetylcholine in Wistar strain rats. Methods: The species used in our experiments were male Wistar rats aged between 12 and 14 weeks. Rings of rat trachea were suspended in isolated organ chambers connected to tension sensors. Two pharmacological agents were used: acetylcholine, for its constrictor effect and adrenaline, for its dilating effect on the pulmonary trachea. Our plant material consisted of a hydroalcoholic extract of Terminalia avicennioides leaves. The experimental protocol was that of the preventive model which consisted of impregnating these rings with the extract at a defined concentration then testing its contractility in the presence of Acetylcholine which was the contractile agonist used in this study. The preventive effect of the extract was studied with an Acetylcholine contraction range on rings pre-incubated with Terminalia avicennioides extract. Results: The results showed that Acetylcholine contracts the trachea and the increase in its contractility was dependent on the dose of Ach added cumulatively (10<sup>−5</sup> to 4 × 10<sup>−5</sup> mol/l). The administration of the hydroalcoholic extract of Terminalia avicennioides leaves led to a modification of the contractile response to Acetylcholine. Indeed, this extract induced a significant attenuation of the contractile responses of the treated tracheal rings compared to those untreated. Conclusion: Terminalia avicennioides had a relaxing effect on tracheal smooth muscle and this effect could play an important role in the prevention of bronchial hyperreactivity in certain respiratory diseases, particularly asthmatic disease.
文摘Background: Type 2 diabetes is a metabolic disease characterized by chronic hyperglycemia. The latter plays an essential role in inflammation by stimulating the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines or by increasing their secretion by an oxidative mechanism. These cytokines control the hepatic synthesis of an inflammatory protein called C-Reactive Protein (CRP). High or average values of CRP would have a predictive value of cardiovascular diseases and type 2 diabetes. The relationship between low CRP values and the risk of developing type 2 diabetes and its cardiovascular complications is not sufficiently studied. The hsCRP could serve as a predictive biomarker of risk of onset, follow-up and prognosis for type 2 diabetes and its cardiovascular complications. To answer this problem, we conducted this study, the aim of which was to study the predictive role of hsCRP in the risk of occurrence of type 2 diabetes and its cardiovascular complications. Materials and Methods: This is a prospective and cross-sectional case-control study involving 200 participants including 100 control women and 100 women with type 2 diabetes (mean age was respectively 49.89 years ± 8.26 & 51.92 years ± 7.18;p = 0.066). The interviews were conducted on the basis of a questionnaire. Physical examination collected biometric data and cardiovascular constants. The biochemical parameters such as hsCRP were analyzed by an automated Abbott device. Results: We noted that hsCRP was significantly higher in type 2 diabetic subjects compared to control subjects (p (rho = 0.40, p systolic blood pressure (rho = 0.30, p = 0.003), diastolic blood pressure (rho = 0.28, p = 0.006), total body fat (rho = 0.48, p Conclusion: hsCRP has a prognostic value in the evaluation of cardiovascular risk. It seems to play an important role in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its cardiovascular complications. It could thus be considered as a biomarker for the screening, monitoring and prognosis of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
文摘Tuberculosis is one of the most important infectious diseases in our country. Also nosocomial infection by tuberculosis can occur, which can be prevented by implementing simple, effective and affordable tuberculosis infection control measures in health care facilities. To evaluate the effectiveness of infection control measures, such study was planned. Questionnaires were administered to all doctors, healthcare workers and servants working in outdoor and indoor department of tuberculosis at tertiary care hospital to assess the knowledge, attitudes and practices on prevention and control of Tuberculosis infection. A scoring system was devised to grade them. One-time audit was also done in outpatient and inpatient department. The analysis showed scoring of poor for doctors, good for nurses and poor forward aids. There is a need to develop strategies for training of health care workers on regular basis in order to reduce the incidence of nosocomial infections. Audit result shows a good level of environmental control measures. Better knowledge, attitude and practices are helpful for the prevention and control of tuberculosis. Also environmental control measures are helpful to prevent infection.
文摘Objective: This study focused on the antibacterial and anti-proliferative activity of extracts from Carica papaya and Cocos nucifera roots. Methodology: The minimum inhibitory concentration and the minimum bactericidal concentration of the extracts on Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Streptococcus mutans, and Staphylococcus aureus were deduced by the microdilution method. The anti-biofilm activity was determined on all four strains and anti-quorum sensing activity by inhibition of violacein production in Chromobacterium violaceum. Anti-proliferative activity on prostate cultured cancer cells was evaluated by MTT assay. Sterols and triterpenes were also assayed in this study. Results: The methanolic extract of Carica papaya showed the best anti-biofilm effect with a percentage inhibition of 66.10 ± 1.79. The methanolic extract of Cocos nucifera had the strongest inhibition on the production of quorum sensing (61.42 ± 0.28). In addition, the methanolic extract of Cocos nucifera roots showed the best cytotoxic effect on prostate cancer LNCaP cell lines (IC<sub>50</sub> = 26.98 ± 2.6 μg/mL) and Carica papaya on the PC-3 lines (IC<sub>50</sub> = 127.20 ± 5.99 μg/mL). The extracts were also rich in triterpenes and sterols. Conclusion: This study provides support for the ethnomedical use of Carica papaya and Cocos nucifera roots as an antimicrobial and anticancer.
文摘The aim of this study was to evaluate orthodontic treatment needs among Ferlo scholars. The design of the study was descriptive and transversal. For Inclusion criteria, children must live in Widou or live around Widou’s school at least 6 km, be students at primary school of Widou Thiengoly, have a general health state which permits a clinical oral examination and teacher’s and/or parent’s agreement. The investigation was exhaustive and concerned the only school of the locality. More of 4/5 schoolchildren was 10.25 years ± 2.15 old. The majority (83.74%) of children presented an overjet between 0 and 3.5 mm, 1.63% presented a crossbite and 15.45% had OIM and RC different over to 2 mm. More of 30% of schoolchildren presented an overbite between 1 and 2 mm. More of 1/10 of them had an aesthetic teeth perception classified levels 8.9 and 10 corresponding to an orthodontic treatment needed according to IOTN while 20.33% had a score of 4 and 3.25% recorded score of 5 corresponding to a high treatment needed according to IOTN. The results of this study reveal that people need to be informed better about the therapeutic possibilities that orthodontics offer.
文摘Lannea velutina is a traditional herbal remedy used to treat various diseases, including hypertension (HBP). Herbal medicines are affordable, and some have minimal side effects;they are rich in bioactive components that encourage prevention and treatment. This work uses appropriate experimental paradigms to investigate the phytochemical composition, antioxidant activity, and acute oral toxicity of L. velutina trunk bark extracted in water, methanol, ethyl acetate, dichloromethane, and hexane. According to a high-performance thin-layer chromatography profile, this shrub’s bark contains sterols, saponosides, flavonoids, and tannins. Compared to ethyl acetate and aqueous extracts, the methanol extract had the highest total phenolic (607.06 ± 0.6 mg GAE/g DW), flavonoid (20.97 ± 0.23 mg QE/g DW), and condensed tannins (194.50 ± 0.75 CE/g DW) content. The methanol extract displayed the highest antioxidant activity using the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging capability assay (IC<sub>50</sub> = 8.59 g/mL;AAI = 4.66) compared to the other extracts. It exhibited antiradical action comparable to that of Trolox (IC<sub>50</sub> = 15.16 g/mL), ascorbic acid (IC<sub>50</sub> = 11.94 g/mL), and catechin (IC<sub>50</sub> = 11.64 g/mL). The connection between flavonoid concentration and hydrophilic antioxidant activity was robust (r = 0.997). Mice were used to evaluate the acute oral toxicity of ethyl acetate, methanol, and aqueous extracts using guidelines 425 of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development. All tested extracts have an estimated LD<sub>50</sub> greater than 2000 mg/kg body weight. The truncal bark of L. velutina could be an alternative source for HTA management.
文摘Information Research Limited公司(IRL)每年都研究防护涂料市场,重点关注21个主要国家,旨在提供有关该市场的准确意见.在对每个市场的主要企业进行广泛研究的基础上,于2019年4月公布了最新的防护涂料报告.过去10年,全球防护涂料市场经历了强劲的增长.中国和其他亚洲经济体的增长势头强劲,弥补了欧洲和北美经济的缓慢复苏,使过去10年中防护涂料的销售呈现增长.
文摘<strong>Background: </strong>Type 2 diabetes mellitus, beyond its well-known cardiovascular and neurological complications, is now increasingly recognized as having deleterious effects on bone tissue. It’s thus presented as an independent risk factor for bone fragility with a considerable fracture risk relating to many more or less intricate parameters. The general objective of our study is to assess bone mass during type 2 diabetes in Senegalese women. <strong>Methodology:</strong> We had carried out a cross-sectional and descriptive study. Socio-demographic characteristics were collected on the basis of a questionnaire. Then each of the subjects had undergone a complete clinical examination followed by a blood sample for a biological assessment of certain cardiovascular risk factors. Bone mass was measured using a bio-impedancemeter. <strong>Results:</strong> We recruited 88 women with type 2 diabetes and 83 healthy control women. The mean age of diabetic subjects was 52.7 years ± 6.8 (with extremes of 39 and 74 years). In control, the mean age was 51.0 ± 8.5 years (with extremes of 35 and 72 years). Among the diabetic subjects, 22 subjects or 25% practiced a regular walk against 27 (32.5%) in the control. Forty-three among the diabetic subjects (48.8%) were known hypertensive and followed. According to the body mass index, 71 patients (80.7%) were overweight compared to 59 (71.1%) controls. According to the waist size, 80 (90.9%) diabetic subjects had an elevated waist size compared to 69 control women (83.1%). Among diabetic subjects, 41 patients (46.5%) were hyperglycemic imbalance according to fasting blood glucose and 59 patients (67%) according to glycated hemoglobin level. Thirty-seven diabetics (42%), had both high fasting blood glucose and elevated glycated hemoglobin. The mean duration of diabetes was 8.68 ± 7.18 years. We found significantly higher bone mass in type 2 diabetic subjects (p = 0.03). Among diabetics, 27.3% had low bone mass compared to 36.1% of control. It’s noted that the subjects of the “low bone mass” group among the control subjects also have a significant drop in other anthropometric parameters (weight, body mass index, waist size, muscle mass). It should also be noted that the fat mass is significantly higher in diabetic subjects with normal or even high bone mass. In control subjects, bone mass was positively correlated with weight (r = 0.36;p = 0.001), muscle mass (r = 0.93;p < 0.0001) and fasting blood glucose (r = 0.26;p = 0.02);and negatively correlate with age (r = 0.22;p = 0.04). On the other hand, in type 2 diabetic subjects, bone mass is positively correlated with age (r = 0.22;p = 0.04), muscle mass (r = 0.89;p < 0.0001) and the diabetes duration (r = 0.44;p = 0.001). <strong>Conclusion: </strong>Bone mass is higher in type 2 diabetics compared to healthy controls. Chronic hyperglycemia and the diabetes duration are believed to be responsible for the increase in bone mass. In addition, an increase in muscle mass would lead to an increase in bone mass.
文摘Background: Tuberculosis is a highly infectious disease and India has the highest burden with it. Diagnosis of tuberculosis in many countries is still dependent on microscopy. Although its sensitivity is low in comparison to culture and molecular methods, its sensitivity can still be improved by using fluorescence staining method and processing of samples by homogenization and concentration method. Material and methods: Samples were collected from all newly registered suspected cases of tuberculosis in tertiary care hospital from outward and indoor department during a period of one year. Smears were prepared for Ziehl Neelsen stain and fluorescence stain both before and after homogenization and concentration procedure by 4% NAOH-2.9% sodium citrate method and results of them were interpreted according to RNTCP criteria for grading of sputum samples. All the samples were cultured in liquid culture MGIT system (Mycobacterial Growth Indicator Tube) and results of microscopy were compared with liquid culture taken as gold standard. Data were analyzed by using SPSS software version 16. Result: 350 samples were collected during study period. Out of 350 samples, 48 samples were positive for M. tuberculosis by MGIT system. In comparison with MGIT system, sensitivity of Z N stain for detection of acid fast bacilli was 77% before decontamination procedure, which was increased up to 85.42% after decontamination and concentration process. Sensitivity of fluroscence stain was 85.42% before processing, which was increased up to 91.67% after processing of samples. Conclusion: Sensitivity of smear microscopy can be enhanced by use of fluroscence microscopy and concentration method.
文摘Diospyros mespiliformis Hochst. ex A. DC. (Ebenaceae) is a multi-use plant, including for therapeutic purposes. It is used in alternative medicine in Burkina Faso to treat conjunctivitis, menorrhagia, dysentery, and diarrhea. The aim of our study was to evaluate the chemical profile, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities, safety of use and spasmolytic effects of the aqueous decoction of Diospyros mespiliformis leaves. Phytochemical screening by HPTLC and assay of compounds of interest were carried out. Four methods were used to assess antioxidant activity. Inhibitory activity against 15-lipoxygenase and phospholipase A2 was assessed. Acute oral toxicity of the extract was tested on female mice (NMRI). Following these tests, the extract contained bioactive compounds of interest such as flavonoids, tannins, sterols, triterpenes, and saponosides. The total phenolic and flavonoid contents of the aqueous decoctate were 70.59 ± 3.20 mg EAT/g and 31.57 ± 0.78 mg EQ/g respectively. The extract was less active than Trolox with inhibitory concentrations of 50% (IC<sub>50</sub>) for the ABTS, DPPH, FRAP, and LPO tests of 7.53 ± 0.08 μg/mL, 29.47 ± 0.06 μg/mL, 1128.83 ± 4.82 mol EAA/g, and 32.30 ± 1.60 μg/mL respectively. The extract has an anti-inflammatory effect with inhibition of phospholipase A2 compared to betamethasone. In addition, the aqueous extract produced an antispasmodic effect with Emax of 70% and 80% respectively during contractions induced by BaCl<sub>2</sub> and ACh. Finally, this study provided basic scientific data and could justify the use of D. mespiliformis leaves in the treatment of diarrhea.
文摘Lipid metabolism disorders would be among the components responsible for the risk of the onset of T2DM and its vascular complications. Apolipoprotein E plays an important role in lipid metabolism. We studied the involvement of the APOE gene in the onset of T2DM and its vascular complications. Clinical and biochemical parameters were assessed in each participant. APOE genotypes were identified by PCR-RFLP. Arterial stiffness was studied using a pOpmetre<sup>®</sup> which evaluates the pulse wave velocity (ft-PWV). Endothelial dysfunction was studied using an EndoPAT2000<sup>®</sup> which measures endothelium-dependent vasodilation (RHI). In control subjects, the ε3 allele was associated with an increase in fasting blood glucose (r = 2.36, p = 0.018), and a decrease in LDL cholesterol levels (r = −2.17, p = 0.03), and ε4 was associated with an increase in total cholesterol (r = 2.59, p = 0.01), LDL cholesterol (r = 2.84, p = 0.004), and No-HDL cholesterol (r = 2.74, p = 0.006). In type 2 diabetes subjects, the ε2 was associated with a decrease in diastolic blood pressure (r = −2.25, p = 0.02). The ε3 was associated with a decrease in ft-PWV (r = −2.26, p = 0.024) while the ε4 was associated with an increase in ft-PWV (r = 2.52, p = 0.012). Carrying the ε2ε3 genotype would have in 99% a limited risk of developing T2DM, and in event of T2DM, only 1 to 2% would have a significant risk of developing atherosclerosis, which would be severe in 17%. Of the ε2ε4 genotype, 93% had a limited or even possible risk of developing T2DM, the remaining 7% had a very high risk of developing T2DM. Diabetics carrying ε2ε4 had in 7% very high risk of developing atherosclerosis. The latter had a 20% very high risk of being very severe. Subjects carrying the ε3ε4 genotype had a 67% possible or even probable risk of developing T2DM and in the event of diabetes, there was in 34% very high risk of developing atherosclerosis which will not have even the time to evolve towards severity. For subjects carrying the ε3ε3, the risk of developing T2DM and athérosclerosis was higher than that of the ε2ε3, and ε2ε4 genotypes but lower than that ε3ε4 genotype. The physio-pathological role of the APOE gene and the impacts of its polymorphisms are important in the onset and progression of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
基金supported by the Research Grants Council(RGC)of Hong Kong(Grant Nos.15215620 and N_PolyU511/20)the Innovation and Technology Commission(ITC)of Hong Kong(Grant Nos.ITF-MHKJFS,MHP/085/22,and PiH/236/24)+2 种基金The Hong Kong Polytechnic University(Grant Nos.1-CD4V,1-CD6U,G-SB6C,1-CD8U,1-BBEN,1-W28S,1-CD9Q,1-SBVB,1-CDJW,1-CDJ8,and 1-W32A)the BROMEDIR European project(Grant No.101092697)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.62405257).
文摘The rapid advancement of renewable energy technologies is essential for combating global climate change and achieving energy sustainability.Among the various renewable sources,solar energy stands out,with silicon playing a pivotal role in solar energy conversion.However,traditional silicon-based devices often face challenges due to high surface reflectance,which limits their efficiency.The emergence of black silicon(b-Si)offers a transformative solution,thanks to its micro-and nanoscale structures that provide ultra-low reflectivity and enhanced light absorption.This makes b-Si an ideal candidate for improving solar energy devices.Beyond solar energy applications,b-Si has drawn notable interest in photonics,including applications in photodetectors,surface-enhanced Raman scattering,and imaging.This review explores b-Si comprehensively,discussing its fabrication processes,distinctive properties,and contributions to both solar energy conversion and photonic technologies.Key topics include its roles in solar cells,photoelectrochemical systems,solar thermal energy conversion,and advanced photonic devices.Furthermore,the review addresses the challenges and future directions for optimizing b-Si to facilitate its practical deployment across a range of energy and photonic applications.
