Developing efficient photocatalysts to address collaborative energy and environmental crises still faces significant challenges.In this report,we present a highly efficient MXene–based photocatalyst,which is combined...Developing efficient photocatalysts to address collaborative energy and environmental crises still faces significant challenges.In this report,we present a highly efficient MXene–based photocatalyst,which is combined with MoS_(2)nano patches and TiO_(2)/Ti_(3)C_(2)(TTC)nanowires through hydrothermal treatment.Of all the composites tested,the optimized photocatalyst gave a remarkable H_(2)and revolving polylactic acid(PLA)into pyruvic acid(PA).Achieving a remarkable H_(2)evolution rate of 637.1 and 243.2μmol g^(−1)h^(−1),in the presence of TEOA and PLA as a sacrificial reagent under UV-vis(λ≥365 nm)light irradiation.The improved photocatalytic activity is a result of the combination of dual cocatalyst on the surface of TTC photocatalyst,which create an ideal synergistic effect for the generation of PA and the production of H_(2)simultaneously.The MoS_(2)TiO_(2)/Ti_(3)C_(2)(MTT)composite can generate more photoexcited charge carriers,leading to the generation of more active radicals,which may enhance the system's photocatalytic activity.This work aims at demonstrating its future significance and guide the scientific community towards a more efficient approach to commercializing H_(2)through photocatalysis.展开更多
Neuroendocrine neoplasms(NENs)are highly heterogeneous and potentially malignant tumors arising from secretory cells of the neuroendocrine system.Gastroenteropancreatic NENs(GEP-NENs)are the most common subtype of NEN...Neuroendocrine neoplasms(NENs)are highly heterogeneous and potentially malignant tumors arising from secretory cells of the neuroendocrine system.Gastroenteropancreatic NENs(GEP-NENs)are the most common subtype of NENs.Historically,GEP-NENs have been regarded as infrequent and slow-growing malignancies;however,recent data have demonstrated that the worldwide prevalence and incidence of GEP-NENs have increased exponentially over the last three decades.In addition,an increasing number of studies have proven that GEP-NENs result in a limited life expectancy.These findings suggested that the natural biology of GEP-NENs is more aggressive than commonly assumed.Therefore,there is an urgent need for advanced researches focusing on the diagnosis and management of patients with GEP-NENs.In this review,we have summarized the limitations and recent advancements in our comprehension of the epidemiology,clinical presentations,pathology,molecular biology,diagnosis,and treatment of GEP-NETs to identify factors contributing to delays in diagnosis and timely treatment of these patients.展开更多
1,2-Benzothiazine derivatives methyl 3-methoxy-4-oxo-3,4-dihydro-2H-benzo[e] [1,2]thiazine-3-carboxylate 1,1-dioxide（1） and methyl 2-ethyl-3-hydroxy-4-oxo-3,4-dihydro-2Hbenzo[e][1,2]thiazine-3-carboxylate 1,1-dioxid...1,2-Benzothiazine derivatives methyl 3-methoxy-4-oxo-3,4-dihydro-2H-benzo[e] [1,2]thiazine-3-carboxylate 1,1-dioxide（1） and methyl 2-ethyl-3-hydroxy-4-oxo-3,4-dihydro-2Hbenzo[e][1,2]thiazine-3-carboxylate 1,1-dioxide（2） were synthesized, and characterized by spectroscopic techniques; 1H-NMR and infrared（IR） spectroscopy. Crystals of 1 and 2 were grown by slow evaporation of methanol and ethyl acetate, respectively and their crystal structures were investigated by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. Geometric properties were calculated by the B3 LYP method of density functional theory（DFT） at the 6-31G＋（d） basis set to compare with the experimental data. Simulated properties were found in strong agreement with the experimental ones. Intermolecular forces have also been modeled in order to investigate the strength of packing and strong hydrogen bonding was observed in both compounds 1 and 2. Electronic properties such as Ionization Potential（IP）, Electron Affinities（EA） and coefficients of the highest occupied molecular orbital（HOMO） and the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital（LUMO） of com- pounds 1 and 2 were simulated for the first time.展开更多
Zinc oxide is recently being used as a magnetic semiconductor with the introduction of mag-netic elements.In this work,we report phase pure synthesis of Mg and Ni co-substituted ZnO to explore its structure,optical,ma...Zinc oxide is recently being used as a magnetic semiconductor with the introduction of mag-netic elements.In this work,we report phase pure synthesis of Mg and Ni co-substituted ZnO to explore its structure,optical,magnetic and photo-catalytic properties.X-ray di raction analysis reveals the hexagonal wurtzite type structure having P63mc space group without any impurity phase.UV-Vis spectrophotometry demonstrates the variation in bandgap with the addition of Mg and Ni content in ZnO matrix.Magnetic measurements exhibit a clear boosted magnetization in Ni and Mg co-doped compositions with its stable value of bandgap corroborating the structural stability and magnetic tuning for its advanced applications in modern-day spintronic devices.Photo-catalytic measurements performed using methyl green degradation demonstrate an enhanced trend of activity in Mg and Ni co-doped compositions.展开更多
Single-phase Zn_(0.95)Co_(0.05)O and Zn_(0.90)Co_(0.05)Al_(0.05)O samples were prepared by a novel combustion method.Xray diffraction studies exhibit the pure phase wurtzite structure of doped ZnO.Energy dispersive x-...Single-phase Zn_(0.95)Co_(0.05)O and Zn_(0.90)Co_(0.05)Al_(0.05)O samples were prepared by a novel combustion method.Xray diffraction studies exhibit the pure phase wurtzite structure of doped ZnO.Energy dispersive x-ray analysis confirms the incorporation of dopants into the host material.Scanning electron microscopy shows the ordered morphology in both of the samples.Temperature-dependent resistivity analysis describes the expected semiconducting behavior that is similar to the parent ZnO materials.Room-temperature magnetic measurements reveal the absence of ferromagnetism in Co-doped ZnO,while the Co and Al co-doped sample displays apparent room-temperature ferromagnetic behavior.The decrease of resistivity and presence of ferromagnetic behavior in Al-doped ZnCoO system corroborate the significant role of free carriers.展开更多
Hydroxyapatite (HA) is a synthetic ceramic which is used in numerous biomedical applications. However, its use is restricted in load bearing applications. A novel batch hydrothermal method is indigenously developed to...Hydroxyapatite (HA) is a synthetic ceramic which is used in numerous biomedical applications. However, its use is restricted in load bearing applications. A novel batch hydrothermal method is indigenously developed to synthesize fine size, crystalline hydroxyapatite (HA) and titania doped hydroxyapatite (TiO2-HA) powders with distinct phase formation. Powders were characterized using XRD, FTIR and DSC-TGA. Sharp peaks in HA XRD pattern after sintering at 1000°C indicate significant crystallinity while sharp peaks in TiO2 XRD pattern at 27°, 36° and 5° after sintering indicate anatase to rutile transformation. This fact is also confirmed by FTIR and DSC-TGA Plots.展开更多
Objective:To explore RNA dependent RNA polymerase of Chikungunya virus(CHIKV)and develop T cell based epitopes with high antigenicity and good binding affinity for the human leukocyte antigen(HLA)classes as targets fo...Objective:To explore RNA dependent RNA polymerase of Chikungunya virus(CHIKV)and develop T cell based epitopes with high antigenicity and good binding affinity for the human leukocyte antigen(HLA)classes as targets for epitopes based CHIKV vaccine.Methods:In this study we downloaded 371 non-structural protein 4 protein sequences of CHIKV belonging to different regions of the world from the US National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases(NIAID)virus pathogen resource database.All the sequences were aligned by using CLUSTALW software and a consensus sequence was developed by using Uni Pro U Gene Software version 1.2.1.PropredⅠand Propred software were used to predict HLAⅠand HLAⅡbinding promiscuous epitopes from the consensus sequence of non-structural protein 4 protein.The predicted epitopes were analyzed to determine their antigenicity through Vaxijen server version 2.0.All the HLAⅠbinding epitopes were scanned to determine their immunogenic potential through the Immune Epitope Database(IEDB).All the predicted epitopes of our study were fed to IEDB database to determine whether they had been tested earlier.Results:Twenty two HLA classⅡepitopes and eight HLA classⅠepitopes were predicted.The promiscuous epitopes WMNMEVKII at position 486–494 and VRRLNAVLL at 331–339 were found to bind with 37 and 36 of the 51 HLA classⅡalleles respectively.Epitope MANRSRYQS at position 58–66 and epitopes YQSRKVENM at positions 64–72 were predicted to bind with 12 and 9 HLAⅠI alleles with antigenicity scores of 0.7549 and 1.0130 respectively.Epitope YSPPINVRL was predicted to bind 18 HLAⅠalleles and its antigenicity score was 1.4259 and immunogenicity score was 0.17383.This epitope is very useful in the preparation of a universal vaccine against CHIKV infection.Conclusions:Epitopes reported in this study showed promiscuity,antigenicity as well as good binding affinity for the HLA classes.These epitopes will provide the baseline for development of efficacious vaccine for CHIKV.展开更多
Keratin constitutes the major component of the feather,hair,hooves,horns,and wool represents a group of biological material having high cysteine content(7–13%)as compared to other structural proteins.Keratin-based bi...Keratin constitutes the major component of the feather,hair,hooves,horns,and wool represents a group of biological material having high cysteine content(7–13%)as compared to other structural proteins.Keratin-based biomaterials have been investigated extensively over the past few decades due to their intrinsic biological properties and excellent biocompatibility.Unlike other natural polymers such as starch,collagen,chitosan,the complex three-dimensional structure of keratin requires the use of harsh chemical conditions for their dissolution and extraction.The most commonly used methods for keratin extraction are oxidation,reduction,steam explosion,microbial method,microwave irradiation and use of ionic liquids.Keratin-based materials have been used extensively for various biomedical applications such as drug delivery,wound healing,tissue engineering.This review covers the structure,properties,history of keratin research,methods of extraction and some recent advancements related to the use of keratin derived biomaterials in the form of a 3-D scaffold,films,fibers,and hydrogels.展开更多
文摘Developing efficient photocatalysts to address collaborative energy and environmental crises still faces significant challenges.In this report,we present a highly efficient MXene–based photocatalyst,which is combined with MoS_(2)nano patches and TiO_(2)/Ti_(3)C_(2)(TTC)nanowires through hydrothermal treatment.Of all the composites tested,the optimized photocatalyst gave a remarkable H_(2)and revolving polylactic acid(PLA)into pyruvic acid(PA).Achieving a remarkable H_(2)evolution rate of 637.1 and 243.2μmol g^(−1)h^(−1),in the presence of TEOA and PLA as a sacrificial reagent under UV-vis(λ≥365 nm)light irradiation.The improved photocatalytic activity is a result of the combination of dual cocatalyst on the surface of TTC photocatalyst,which create an ideal synergistic effect for the generation of PA and the production of H_(2)simultaneously.The MoS_(2)TiO_(2)/Ti_(3)C_(2)(MTT)composite can generate more photoexcited charge carriers,leading to the generation of more active radicals,which may enhance the system's photocatalytic activity.This work aims at demonstrating its future significance and guide the scientific community towards a more efficient approach to commercializing H_(2)through photocatalysis.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(82104596)the Shenzhen Key Medical Discipline Construction Fund&Sanming Project of Medicine in Shenzhen(SZSM202111002)+1 种基金the Medicine-Engineering Interdisciplinary Research Foundation of Shenzhen University(2023YG019)the Shenzhen Science and Technology Program(GJHZ20220913143005010)。
文摘Neuroendocrine neoplasms(NENs)are highly heterogeneous and potentially malignant tumors arising from secretory cells of the neuroendocrine system.Gastroenteropancreatic NENs(GEP-NENs)are the most common subtype of NENs.Historically,GEP-NENs have been regarded as infrequent and slow-growing malignancies;however,recent data have demonstrated that the worldwide prevalence and incidence of GEP-NENs have increased exponentially over the last three decades.In addition,an increasing number of studies have proven that GEP-NENs result in a limited life expectancy.These findings suggested that the natural biology of GEP-NENs is more aggressive than commonly assumed.Therefore,there is an urgent need for advanced researches focusing on the diagnosis and management of patients with GEP-NENs.In this review,we have summarized the limitations and recent advancements in our comprehension of the epidemiology,clinical presentations,pathology,molecular biology,diagnosis,and treatment of GEP-NETs to identify factors contributing to delays in diagnosis and timely treatment of these patients.
基金funded by the Saudi Basic Industries Corporation(SABIC) and the Deanship of Scientific Research(DSR),King Abdulaziz University,Jeddah,under grant no.(MS/15/396/1434)
文摘1,2-Benzothiazine derivatives methyl 3-methoxy-4-oxo-3,4-dihydro-2H-benzo[e] [1,2]thiazine-3-carboxylate 1,1-dioxide（1） and methyl 2-ethyl-3-hydroxy-4-oxo-3,4-dihydro-2Hbenzo[e][1,2]thiazine-3-carboxylate 1,1-dioxide（2） were synthesized, and characterized by spectroscopic techniques; 1H-NMR and infrared（IR） spectroscopy. Crystals of 1 and 2 were grown by slow evaporation of methanol and ethyl acetate, respectively and their crystal structures were investigated by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. Geometric properties were calculated by the B3 LYP method of density functional theory（DFT） at the 6-31G＋（d） basis set to compare with the experimental data. Simulated properties were found in strong agreement with the experimental ones. Intermolecular forces have also been modeled in order to investigate the strength of packing and strong hydrogen bonding was observed in both compounds 1 and 2. Electronic properties such as Ionization Potential（IP）, Electron Affinities（EA） and coefficients of the highest occupied molecular orbital（HOMO） and the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital（LUMO） of com- pounds 1 and 2 were simulated for the first time.
基金supported by the Deanship of Scienti c Research at King Saud University for funding under Research Group(No.RG1440-021).
文摘Zinc oxide is recently being used as a magnetic semiconductor with the introduction of mag-netic elements.In this work,we report phase pure synthesis of Mg and Ni co-substituted ZnO to explore its structure,optical,magnetic and photo-catalytic properties.X-ray di raction analysis reveals the hexagonal wurtzite type structure having P63mc space group without any impurity phase.UV-Vis spectrophotometry demonstrates the variation in bandgap with the addition of Mg and Ni content in ZnO matrix.Magnetic measurements exhibit a clear boosted magnetization in Ni and Mg co-doped compositions with its stable value of bandgap corroborating the structural stability and magnetic tuning for its advanced applications in modern-day spintronic devices.Photo-catalytic measurements performed using methyl green degradation demonstrate an enhanced trend of activity in Mg and Ni co-doped compositions.
基金by the Higher Education Commission(HEC)of Pakistan under the indigenous Ph.D.fellowship 5000 Scheme.
文摘Single-phase Zn_(0.95)Co_(0.05)O and Zn_(0.90)Co_(0.05)Al_(0.05)O samples were prepared by a novel combustion method.Xray diffraction studies exhibit the pure phase wurtzite structure of doped ZnO.Energy dispersive x-ray analysis confirms the incorporation of dopants into the host material.Scanning electron microscopy shows the ordered morphology in both of the samples.Temperature-dependent resistivity analysis describes the expected semiconducting behavior that is similar to the parent ZnO materials.Room-temperature magnetic measurements reveal the absence of ferromagnetism in Co-doped ZnO,while the Co and Al co-doped sample displays apparent room-temperature ferromagnetic behavior.The decrease of resistivity and presence of ferromagnetic behavior in Al-doped ZnCoO system corroborate the significant role of free carriers.
文摘Hydroxyapatite (HA) is a synthetic ceramic which is used in numerous biomedical applications. However, its use is restricted in load bearing applications. A novel batch hydrothermal method is indigenously developed to synthesize fine size, crystalline hydroxyapatite (HA) and titania doped hydroxyapatite (TiO2-HA) powders with distinct phase formation. Powders were characterized using XRD, FTIR and DSC-TGA. Sharp peaks in HA XRD pattern after sintering at 1000°C indicate significant crystallinity while sharp peaks in TiO2 XRD pattern at 27°, 36° and 5° after sintering indicate anatase to rutile transformation. This fact is also confirmed by FTIR and DSC-TGA Plots.
文摘Objective:To explore RNA dependent RNA polymerase of Chikungunya virus(CHIKV)and develop T cell based epitopes with high antigenicity and good binding affinity for the human leukocyte antigen(HLA)classes as targets for epitopes based CHIKV vaccine.Methods:In this study we downloaded 371 non-structural protein 4 protein sequences of CHIKV belonging to different regions of the world from the US National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases(NIAID)virus pathogen resource database.All the sequences were aligned by using CLUSTALW software and a consensus sequence was developed by using Uni Pro U Gene Software version 1.2.1.PropredⅠand Propred software were used to predict HLAⅠand HLAⅡbinding promiscuous epitopes from the consensus sequence of non-structural protein 4 protein.The predicted epitopes were analyzed to determine their antigenicity through Vaxijen server version 2.0.All the HLAⅠbinding epitopes were scanned to determine their immunogenic potential through the Immune Epitope Database(IEDB).All the predicted epitopes of our study were fed to IEDB database to determine whether they had been tested earlier.Results:Twenty two HLA classⅡepitopes and eight HLA classⅠepitopes were predicted.The promiscuous epitopes WMNMEVKII at position 486–494 and VRRLNAVLL at 331–339 were found to bind with 37 and 36 of the 51 HLA classⅡalleles respectively.Epitope MANRSRYQS at position 58–66 and epitopes YQSRKVENM at positions 64–72 were predicted to bind with 12 and 9 HLAⅠI alleles with antigenicity scores of 0.7549 and 1.0130 respectively.Epitope YSPPINVRL was predicted to bind 18 HLAⅠalleles and its antigenicity score was 1.4259 and immunogenicity score was 0.17383.This epitope is very useful in the preparation of a universal vaccine against CHIKV infection.Conclusions:Epitopes reported in this study showed promiscuity,antigenicity as well as good binding affinity for the HLA classes.These epitopes will provide the baseline for development of efficacious vaccine for CHIKV.
基金supported by Department of Anatomy,University of Otago,Otago,9016,New Zealand.
文摘Keratin constitutes the major component of the feather,hair,hooves,horns,and wool represents a group of biological material having high cysteine content(7–13%)as compared to other structural proteins.Keratin-based biomaterials have been investigated extensively over the past few decades due to their intrinsic biological properties and excellent biocompatibility.Unlike other natural polymers such as starch,collagen,chitosan,the complex three-dimensional structure of keratin requires the use of harsh chemical conditions for their dissolution and extraction.The most commonly used methods for keratin extraction are oxidation,reduction,steam explosion,microbial method,microwave irradiation and use of ionic liquids.Keratin-based materials have been used extensively for various biomedical applications such as drug delivery,wound healing,tissue engineering.This review covers the structure,properties,history of keratin research,methods of extraction and some recent advancements related to the use of keratin derived biomaterials in the form of a 3-D scaffold,films,fibers,and hydrogels.
