Driving of the nuclear fusion reaction p+^(11)B3α+8.7 MeV under laboratory conditions by interaction between high-power laser pulses and matter has become a popular field of research,owing to its numerous potential a...Driving of the nuclear fusion reaction p+^(11)B3α+8.7 MeV under laboratory conditions by interaction between high-power laser pulses and matter has become a popular field of research,owing to its numerous potential applications:as an alternative to deuterium-tritium for fusion energy production,astrophysics studies,and alpha-particle generation for medical treatment.One possible scheme for laser-driven p-^(11)B reactions is to direct a beam of laser-accelerated protons onto a boron(B)sample(the so-called“pitcher-catcher”scheme).This technique has been successfully implemented on large high-energy lasers,yielding hundreds of joules per shot at low repetition.We present here a complementary approach,exploiting the high repetition rate of the VEGA III petawatt laser at CLPU(Spain),aiming at accumulating results from many interactions at much lower energy,to provide better control of the parameters and the statistics of the measurements.Despite a moderate energy per pulse,our experiment allowed exploration of the laser-driven fusion process with tens(up to hundreds)of laser shots.The experiment provided a clear signature of the reactions involved and of the fusion products,accumulated over many shots,leading to an improved optimization of the diagnostics for experimental campaigns of this type.In this paper,we discuss the effectiveness of laser-driven p-11B fusion in the pitcher-catcher scheme,at a high repetition rate,addressing the challenges of this experimental scheme and highlighting its critical aspects.Our proposed methodology allows evaluation of the performance of this scheme for laser-driven alpha particle production and can be adapted to high-repetition-rate laser facilities with higher energy and intensity.展开更多
The discovery of chirped pulse amplification has led to great improvements in laser technology,enabling energetic laser beams to be compressed to pulse durations of tens of femtoseconds and focused to a few micrometer...The discovery of chirped pulse amplification has led to great improvements in laser technology,enabling energetic laser beams to be compressed to pulse durations of tens of femtoseconds and focused to a few micrometers.Protons with energies of tens of MeV can be accelerated using,for instance,target normal sheath acceleration and focused on secondary targets.Under such conditions,nuclear reactions can occur,with the production of radioisotopes suitable for medical application.The use of high-repetition lasers to produce such isotopes is competitive with conventional methods mostly based on accelerators.In this paper,we study the production of^(67)Cu,^(63)Zn,^(18)F,and^(11)C,which are currently used in positron emission tomography and other applications.At the same time,we study the reactions^(10)B(p,α)^(7)Be and^(70)Zn(p,4n)^(67)Ga to put further constraints on the proton distributions at different angles,as well as the reaction^(11)B(p,α)^(8)Be relevant for energy production.The experiment was performed at the 1 PW laser facility at VegaⅢin Salamanca,Spain.Angular distributions of radioisotopes in the forward(with respect to the laser direction)and backward directions were measured using a high purity germanium detector.Our results are in reasonable agreement with numerical estimates obtained following the approach of Kimura and Bonasera[Nucl.Instrum.Methods Phys.Res.,Sect.A 637,164–170(2011)].展开更多
We used the PW high-repetition laser facility VEGA-3 at Centro de Láseres Pulsados in Salamanca,with the goal of studying the generation of radioisotopes using laser-driven proton beams.Various types of targets h...We used the PW high-repetition laser facility VEGA-3 at Centro de Láseres Pulsados in Salamanca,with the goal of studying the generation of radioisotopes using laser-driven proton beams.Various types of targets have been irradiated including in particular several targets containing boron to generateα-particles through the hydrogen–boron fusion reaction.We have successfully identifiedγ-ray lines from several radioisotopes created by irradiation using lasergeneratedα-particles or protons including^(43)Sc,^(44)Sc,^(48)Sc,^(7)Be,^(11)C and^(18)F.We show that radioisotope generation can be used as a diagnostic tool to evaluateα-particle generation in laser-driven proton–boron fusion experiments.We also show the production of^(11)C radioisotopes,≈6×10~6,and of^(44)Sc radioisotopes,≈5×10~4per laser shot.This result can open the way to develop laser-driven radiation sources of radioisotopes for medical applications.展开更多
In this work we present experimental results on the behavior of diamond at megabar pressure. The experiment was performed using the PHELIX facility at GSI in Germany to launch a planar shock into solid multi-layered d...In this work we present experimental results on the behavior of diamond at megabar pressure. The experiment was performed using the PHELIX facility at GSI in Germany to launch a planar shock into solid multi-layered diamond samples. The target design allows shock velocity in diamond and in two metal layers to be measured as well as the free surface velocity after shock breakout. As diagnostics, we used two velocity interferometry systems for any reflector(VISARs). Our measurements show that for the pressures obtained in diamond(between 3 and 9 Mbar),the propagation of the shock induces a reflecting state of the material. Finally, the experimental results are compared with hydrodynamical simulations in which we used different equations of state, showing compatibility with dedicated SESAME tables for diamond.展开更多
We present an experimental study of the dynamics of shocks generated by the interaction of a double-spot laser in different kinds of targets:simple aluminum foils and foam-aluminum layered targets.The experiment was p...We present an experimental study of the dynamics of shocks generated by the interaction of a double-spot laser in different kinds of targets:simple aluminum foils and foam-aluminum layered targets.The experiment was performed using the Prague PALS iodine laser working at 0.44μm wavelength and irradiance of a few 10^(15)W/cm^(2).Shock breakouts for pure Al and for foam-Al targets have been recorded using time-resolved self-emission diagnostics.Experimental results have been compared with numerical simulations.The shocks originating from two spots move forward and expand radially in the targets,finally colliding in the intermediate region and producing a very strong increase in pressure.This is particularly clear for the case of foam layered targets,where we also observed a delay of shock breakout and a spatial redistribution of the pressure.The influence of the foam layer doped with high-Z(Au)nanoparticles on the shock dynamics was also studied.展开更多
Blast waves have been produced in solid target by irradiation with short-pulse high-intensity lasers. The mechanism of production relies on energy deposition from the hot electrons produced by laser±matter intera...Blast waves have been produced in solid target by irradiation with short-pulse high-intensity lasers. The mechanism of production relies on energy deposition from the hot electrons produced by laser±matter interaction, producing a steep temperature gradient inside the target. Hot electrons also produce preheating of the material ahead of the blast wave and expansion of the target rear side, which results in a complex blast wave propagation dynamic. Several diagnostics have been used to characterize the hot electron source, the induced preheating and the velocity of the blast wave. Results are compared to numerical simulations. These show how blast wave pressure is initially very large (more than 100 Mbar),but it decreases very rapidly during propagation.展开更多
基金funded by the European Union via the Euratom Research and Training Program(Grant Agreement No.101052200-EUROfusion)funding from LASERLAB-EUROPE(Grant Agreement No.871124,European Union’s Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Program)+5 种基金supported in part by the United States Department of Energy under Grant No.DE-FG02-93ER40773We also acknowledge support from Grant No.PID2021-125389OA-I00 funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033/FEDER,UEby“ERDF A Way of Making Europe”by the European Union and Unidad de Investigación Consolidada of Junta de Castilla y León UIC 167supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No.12375125the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universitiesthe support of the Czech Science Foundation through Grant No.GACR24-11398S.
文摘Driving of the nuclear fusion reaction p+^(11)B3α+8.7 MeV under laboratory conditions by interaction between high-power laser pulses and matter has become a popular field of research,owing to its numerous potential applications:as an alternative to deuterium-tritium for fusion energy production,astrophysics studies,and alpha-particle generation for medical treatment.One possible scheme for laser-driven p-^(11)B reactions is to direct a beam of laser-accelerated protons onto a boron(B)sample(the so-called“pitcher-catcher”scheme).This technique has been successfully implemented on large high-energy lasers,yielding hundreds of joules per shot at low repetition.We present here a complementary approach,exploiting the high repetition rate of the VEGA III petawatt laser at CLPU(Spain),aiming at accumulating results from many interactions at much lower energy,to provide better control of the parameters and the statistics of the measurements.Despite a moderate energy per pulse,our experiment allowed exploration of the laser-driven fusion process with tens(up to hundreds)of laser shots.The experiment provided a clear signature of the reactions involved and of the fusion products,accumulated over many shots,leading to an improved optimization of the diagnostics for experimental campaigns of this type.In this paper,we discuss the effectiveness of laser-driven p-11B fusion in the pitcher-catcher scheme,at a high repetition rate,addressing the challenges of this experimental scheme and highlighting its critical aspects.Our proposed methodology allows evaluation of the performance of this scheme for laser-driven alpha particle production and can be adapted to high-repetition-rate laser facilities with higher energy and intensity.
文摘The discovery of chirped pulse amplification has led to great improvements in laser technology,enabling energetic laser beams to be compressed to pulse durations of tens of femtoseconds and focused to a few micrometers.Protons with energies of tens of MeV can be accelerated using,for instance,target normal sheath acceleration and focused on secondary targets.Under such conditions,nuclear reactions can occur,with the production of radioisotopes suitable for medical application.The use of high-repetition lasers to produce such isotopes is competitive with conventional methods mostly based on accelerators.In this paper,we study the production of^(67)Cu,^(63)Zn,^(18)F,and^(11)C,which are currently used in positron emission tomography and other applications.At the same time,we study the reactions^(10)B(p,α)^(7)Be and^(70)Zn(p,4n)^(67)Ga to put further constraints on the proton distributions at different angles,as well as the reaction^(11)B(p,α)^(8)Be relevant for energy production.The experiment was performed at the 1 PW laser facility at VegaⅢin Salamanca,Spain.Angular distributions of radioisotopes in the forward(with respect to the laser direction)and backward directions were measured using a high purity germanium detector.Our results are in reasonable agreement with numerical estimates obtained following the approach of Kimura and Bonasera[Nucl.Instrum.Methods Phys.Res.,Sect.A 637,164–170(2011)].
基金supported by COST(European Cooperation in Science and Technology)through Action CA21128 PROBONO(PROton BOron Nuclear Fusion:from energy production to medical applicati Ons)funding from the European Union’s 2020 research and innovation program under grant agreement No.101008126(RADNEXT project)United States Department of Energy under grant#DEFG02-93ER40773+3 种基金SMILEI simulations were performed thanks to granted access to the HPC resources of TGCC under allocation No.2023-A0140514117 made by GENCIfinancial support of the Id Ex University of Bordeaux/Grand Research Program‘GPR LIGHT’and of the Graduate Program on Light Sciences and Technologies of the University of BordeauxL.G.and V.K.acknowledge the support of the Czech Science Foundation through grant No.GACR24-11398Ssupport of HB11 Energy,Ltd.,Australia,through its Collaborative Science Program.H.L.and M.H.
文摘We used the PW high-repetition laser facility VEGA-3 at Centro de Láseres Pulsados in Salamanca,with the goal of studying the generation of radioisotopes using laser-driven proton beams.Various types of targets have been irradiated including in particular several targets containing boron to generateα-particles through the hydrogen–boron fusion reaction.We have successfully identifiedγ-ray lines from several radioisotopes created by irradiation using lasergeneratedα-particles or protons including^(43)Sc,^(44)Sc,^(48)Sc,^(7)Be,^(11)C and^(18)F.We show that radioisotope generation can be used as a diagnostic tool to evaluateα-particle generation in laser-driven proton–boron fusion experiments.We also show the production of^(11)C radioisotopes,≈6×10~6,and of^(44)Sc radioisotopes,≈5×10~4per laser shot.This result can open the way to develop laser-driven radiation sources of radioisotopes for medical applications.
基金the support of the laser technical team at GSI PHELIXhas been carried out within the framework of the EUROfusion Enabling Research Project:ENR-IFE19.CEA-01‘Study of Direct Drive and Shock Ignition for IFE:Theory,Simulations,Experiments,Diagnostics Development’and has received funding from Euratom 2019–2020。
文摘In this work we present experimental results on the behavior of diamond at megabar pressure. The experiment was performed using the PHELIX facility at GSI in Germany to launch a planar shock into solid multi-layered diamond samples. The target design allows shock velocity in diamond and in two metal layers to be measured as well as the free surface velocity after shock breakout. As diagnostics, we used two velocity interferometry systems for any reflector(VISARs). Our measurements show that for the pressures obtained in diamond(between 3 and 9 Mbar),the propagation of the shock induces a reflecting state of the material. Finally, the experimental results are compared with hydrodynamical simulations in which we used different equations of state, showing compatibility with dedicated SESAME tables for diamond.
基金funding from the Euratom research and training programme 2014-2018 and 2019-2020 under grant agreement No.633053supported by the European Union under the Laserlab program,by the Competitiveness Program of NRNU MEPh I,Russia,and by the Czech Ministry of Education,Youth and Sports(CMEYS),projects LTT17015 and LM2018114。
文摘We present an experimental study of the dynamics of shocks generated by the interaction of a double-spot laser in different kinds of targets:simple aluminum foils and foam-aluminum layered targets.The experiment was performed using the Prague PALS iodine laser working at 0.44μm wavelength and irradiance of a few 10^(15)W/cm^(2).Shock breakouts for pure Al and for foam-Al targets have been recorded using time-resolved self-emission diagnostics.Experimental results have been compared with numerical simulations.The shocks originating from two spots move forward and expand radially in the targets,finally colliding in the intermediate region and producing a very strong increase in pressure.This is particularly clear for the case of foam layered targets,where we also observed a delay of shock breakout and a spatial redistribution of the pressure.The influence of the foam layer doped with high-Z(Au)nanoparticles on the shock dynamics was also studied.
基金the framework of the EUROfusion Consortium, funded by the European Union via the Euratom Research and Training Programme (Grant Agreement No. 101052200-EUROfusion)the framework of the Enabling Research Project: ENR-IFE.01.CEA ‘Advancing shock ignition for direct-drive inertial fusion’+2 种基金support from a J. C. Bose Fellowship grant (JBR/2020/000039) from the Science and Engineering Board (SERB), Government of India.support from the Infosys-TIFR Leading Edge Research Grant (Cycle 2)the Laser, Radioprotection, Engineering, TIC areas and Management divisions of the CLPU for their valuable support。
文摘Blast waves have been produced in solid target by irradiation with short-pulse high-intensity lasers. The mechanism of production relies on energy deposition from the hot electrons produced by laser±matter interaction, producing a steep temperature gradient inside the target. Hot electrons also produce preheating of the material ahead of the blast wave and expansion of the target rear side, which results in a complex blast wave propagation dynamic. Several diagnostics have been used to characterize the hot electron source, the induced preheating and the velocity of the blast wave. Results are compared to numerical simulations. These show how blast wave pressure is initially very large (more than 100 Mbar),but it decreases very rapidly during propagation.
