Around the world, radioactive sources have been widely used for decades to benefit humankind; industry food; health, etc. However, the malicious use of radiological sources poses a significant threat globally. As Irra...Around the world, radioactive sources have been widely used for decades to benefit humankind; industry food; health, etc. However, the malicious use of radiological sources poses a significant threat globally. As Irradiation facility for research the goal of this paper is to show a case study of application of nuclear security and nuclear security culture code of contact in irradiation facility using cobalt 60. And it will show the necessary work done to achieve the goal of protection of radioactive material and continue working in safe conditions. This objective could not be achieved without the collaboration of all department involved in security and nuclear safety. In this work we applied the nuclear security and nuclear security culture procedures in order to define the type of system used to achieve the global objective in accordance with Global Threat Reduction Program to reduce the threat of a RDD （Radiological Dispersion Device） in collaboration with The United States Department of Energy＇s NNSA （National Nuclear Security Administration）. The objective of this paper is to share a local experience in upgrading security with return of experience in practice and very good collaboration with general direction of national security and all departments involved in security and nuclear safety.展开更多
Skeletal muscle accounts for approximately 40%of body mass and 50%–75%of whole-body protein,playing a central role in meat production and quality.Efficient protein synthesis in skeletal muscle relies on an adequate s...Skeletal muscle accounts for approximately 40%of body mass and 50%–75%of whole-body protein,playing a central role in meat production and quality.Efficient protein synthesis in skeletal muscle relies on an adequate supply of nutrient substrates and a balanced amino acid profile.Branched-chain amino acids(BCAA),including leucine(Leu),isoleucine(Ile),and valine(Val),are the most abundant essential amino acids in skeletal muscle and contribute to both protein synthesis and oxidative energy production.Additionally,BCAA function as signaling molecules that regulate gene expression and protein phosphorylation cascades,which significantly influence physiological processes,such as protein synthesis and degradation,glucose and lipid metabolism,and cell apoptosis and autophagy.These processes are primarily mediated through the PI3K/AKT/AMPK/mTOR signaling pathways.This review summarizes BCAA transporters and catabolic metabolism,their role as signaling molecules in regulating protein metabolism and glucose and lipid equilibrium,and applications in animal production.These findings offer both theoretical insights and practical guidelines for the precise regulation of feed efficiency and production performance through tailored dietary BCAA supplementations.展开更多
In Alzheimer’s disease,microglial phagocytosis is engaged in the pathogenesis as it clears abnormal protein accumulations,debris,and apoptotic cells in the early stages of Alzheimer’s disease,but fuels neuroinflamma...In Alzheimer’s disease,microglial phagocytosis is engaged in the pathogenesis as it clears abnormal protein accumulations,debris,and apoptotic cells in the early stages of Alzheimer’s disease,but fuels neuroinflammation and accelerates disease progression in later stages.In vivo parabiosis experiments in aged animals have demonstrated that blood-born factors modulate synaptic plasticity,neurogenesis,and microglial responses.We hypothesize that peripheral factors can modulate microglial function and thereby possibly influence Alzheimer’s disease pathology.The objective of this study is to investigate the effects of Alzheimer’s disease serum on microglial phagocytosis.Here,we use an immortalized human microglial cell line in an in vitro parabiosis assay to investigate the impact of the serum from individuals diagnosed with Alzheimer’s disease(n=30)and age-matched controls(n=30)(PRODEM study)on microglial phagocytosis.Exposure to Alzheimer’s disease serum increased microglial phagocytic uptake of pH-sensitive fluorescent particles and downregulated expression of the lysosomal master regulator transcription factor EB(TFEB)and of ATPase H^(+)transporting lysosomal V1 subunit B2(ATP6V1B2),a component of the vacuolar ATPase.To identify serum components that may relate to changes in phagocytosis,serum samples of the Three-City Study(3C Study)were used.In the 3C Study,blood samples were collected up to 12 years before the onset of cognitive decline or dementia and their serum metabolome is well-defined.Microglia exposed to the serum of future Alzheimer’s disease patients from the 3C Study displayed an increased phagocytic uptake compared with the serum of matched controls,depending on the presence of the apolipoprotein Eε4 allele in the Alzheimer’s disease patients.Furthermore,microglial phagocytosis correlated inversely with serum levels of the omega-3 fatty acid eicosapentaenoic acid.We confirmed this inverse correlation between eicosapentaenoic acid and phagocytosis in the serum samples of the PRODEM cohort.In addition,in vitro testing of eicosapentaenoic acid on microglial phagocytosis showed a concentration-dependent decrease in phagocytic uptake.In conclusion,following incubation with Alzheimer’s disease blood serum,we observed increased microglial phagocytic uptake and the downregulation of TFEB and ATP6V1B2,possibly indicating lysosomal dysfunction.Furthermore,microglial phagocytosis was inversely correlated with serum eicosapentaenoic acid levels,suggesting an important role for dietary eicosapentaenoic acid in microglial function.展开更多
Cadmium(Cd)is a toxic trace metal that occurs naturally in agricultural soils and can accumulate in the edible parts of crops,notably in cereal grains.This study investigated the extent to which sulfur(S)fertilization...Cadmium(Cd)is a toxic trace metal that occurs naturally in agricultural soils and can accumulate in the edible parts of crops,notably in cereal grains.This study investigated the extent to which sulfur(S)fertilization increases the availability of Cd in a calcareous(Calc)and a non-calcareous(Ncalc)soil.Changes in Cd availability and speciation were monitored over a 21-d incubation period,along with changes in pH and the concentrations of sulfate,nitrate,calcium,magnesium,aluminum(Al),manganese(Mn),and nickel(Ni)in the potassium nitrate(KNO_(3))extracts,after the addition at agronomic rates of three forms of S fertilizers:elemental S(S(0)),potassium sulfate(K_(2)SO_(4)),and ammonium sulfate((NH_(4))_(2)SO_(4)).Elemental S did not increase the Cd concentration in the KNO_(3)extracts of either soil due to its too limited oxidation to sulfates.The two sulfate fertilizers had contrasting effects on Cd concentration depending on the nature of the counter cation(K^(+)or NH_(4)^(+)).While K_(2)SO_(4)caused almost no change in Cd concentration in either soil,(NH_(4))_(2)SO_(4)increased Cd concentration in both soils.The nitrification of NH_(4)^(+)reduced soil pH,thereby increasing the concentrations of Cd,Al,Mn,and Ni in the Ncalc soil over time,as evidenced by the strong negative correlations between soil pH and the concentrations of these four elements in the KNO3 extract after 21 d.In the Calc soil,the mechanism of Cd concentration increase after(NH_(4))_(2)SO_(4)addition was more difficult to understand and could result from the proton-mediated alteration of Cd-bearing phases such as carbonates,following ammonia(NH_(3))volatilization.The relevance of these results for the S fertilization of cereals in Cd-contaminated soils is discussed.展开更多
Fusarium graminearum is the causal agent of Gibberella ear rot(GER)in maize,a devastating fungal disease leading to yield reduction and contamination of grains with type B trichothecene mycotoxins(TCTB).Reducing GER d...Fusarium graminearum is the causal agent of Gibberella ear rot(GER)in maize,a devastating fungal disease leading to yield reduction and contamination of grains with type B trichothecene mycotoxins(TCTB).Reducing GER damage requires the implementation of an integrated strategy in which the use of resistant maize genotypes is a key pillar.F.graminearum infects maize ears most often by the silk channel,which represents the first plant tissue encountered by the pathogen.The present study aimed at providing new phenotyping tools to improve breeding pipelines by investing the importance of maize silk composition in GER resistance.Here we used targeted and untargeted metabolomics approaches to characterize differences between genotypes reported as susceptible or tolerant to GER.Promising results were obtained with the LC-HRMS/MS analysis that led to outline 25 m/z signals,among which 14 were assigned to a unique compound,that could distinguish tolerant and susceptible genotypes.We notably evidenced that a metabolite putatively identified as feruloyl-hexose could contribute to GER tolerance,while two others putatively identified compounds(chlorogenic acid and eupatilin)could be susceptibility-associated biomarkers.The present study paves the avenue for the use of new approaches based on silk composition to improve the breeding programs aiming at increasing maize resistance.展开更多
Tannins are polyphenols widely present in the plant kingdom,commonly divided into two groups:condensed and hydrolysable tannins.Sustainable furanic bio-foams based on condensed tannins have been largely studied,but li...Tannins are polyphenols widely present in the plant kingdom,commonly divided into two groups:condensed and hydrolysable tannins.Sustainable furanic bio-foams based on condensed tannins have been largely studied,but little is described about the use of hydrolysable tannins for this material.This study examined the potential of hydrolysable chestnut tannin in comparison to condensed mimosa tannins to produce furanic foams by chemical expansion.Due to the low reactivity of the hydrolysable tannin,the use of an external source for its polymerization and curing was necessary.Through Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR)chromatography,it was possible to observe that the new foams presented small differences in functional groups compared to the condensed tannin foams,presenting peaks related to carboxyl groups.In terms of physical properties,the chestnut foams showed an apparent density 36%higher than the conventional mimosa tannin foams and a superior hydrophilic character.In terms of thermal properties,both foams exhibit high thermal stability,with the acacia tannin foam being slightly superior.In summary,this research paves the way for new applications of hydrolysable tannins in bio-foams and materials science.展开更多
Bio-based thermoplastic film from flax fiber and fatty acid(FA)was obtained using trifluoroacetic anhydride(TFAA)as an impelling agent.Different quantities of TFAA/FA,size of flax fiber,and fatty acids were applied to...Bio-based thermoplastic film from flax fiber and fatty acid(FA)was obtained using trifluoroacetic anhydride(TFAA)as an impelling agent.Different quantities of TFAA/FA,size of flax fiber,and fatty acids were applied to investigate chemical structure in relation to the mechanical properties.Decreasing the quantity of TFAA/FA by almost half from 1:4 to 1:2.5(flax to TFAA/FA)only reduces by 22%the weight percent gain(WPG)and ester content and reducing flax fiber size slightly increases the WPG and ester content.All the treatments showed sig-nificant chemical structure modification,observed by FTIR and solid CP/MAS^(13)C NMR,confirming the presence of carbonyl ester groups and alkyl chains,in relatively similar intensities.The crystallinity index(CrI)of esterified flax was evaluated by comparing the signal of solid CP/MAS^(13)C NMR in crystalline and amorphous regions and CrI was higher in esterified flax using a lower quantity of reagent and longer fatty acid.Esterified flax in a high quantity of reagent showed ductile or flexible behavior.Decreasing the reagent to 1:2.5 significantly increases the tensile strength and Young’s modulus,and decreases the elongation at break,presenting more brittle and stiff material.Using flax fiber in the original size results in slightly higher tensile strength and Young’s modulus and slightly lower elongation than milled flax.The tensile strength and Young’s modulus of stearic acid esterified flax obtained in this research were higher than myristic acid and comparable to the polyethylene plastics-LDPE and HDPE.展开更多
The valorization of Amazonian wood residues into active chemical compounds could be an eco-friendly,cost-effective and valuable way to develop wood preservative formulations to enhance the decay and termite resistance...The valorization of Amazonian wood residues into active chemical compounds could be an eco-friendly,cost-effective and valuable way to develop wood preservative formulations to enhance the decay and termite resistance of low-durable wood species.Wacapou(Vouacapoua americana.,Fabaceae)is a well-known Guianese wood spe-cies commonly used in local wood construction due to its outstanding natural durability,which results from the presence of a large panel of extractives compounds.In addition,its industrial processing generates large amounts of residues.Wacapou residues were extracted by maceration using four different solvents(water/ethanol,ethyl acetate,hexane and dichloromethane/methanol),separately and successively.The yield of each extractive fraction was determined,and their chemical compositions were analyzed by Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry(LC-MS).Ethyl acetate led to the highest extraction yield,and the active compounds were identified in the obtained extractive fraction.In this sense,the fungicidal and termite-repellent properties of these extractives were then tested using a screening laboratory(with temperate and tropical microorganisms),according to the solution concentration(1%,2.5%,5%,8%and 10%).Finally,Virola michelii Heckel wood samples(low durable species)were impregnated with the 8%concentration solution.The impregnated wood samples were then exposed to a soil bed test.The results highlighted that the nature of the solvent used during wood maceration affects the con-tent of the obtained extractive fractions.Ultra-Performance Liquid Chromatography–High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry(UHPLC-HRMS)analyses showed the influence of extraction parameters on the nature of the extracted molecules.Wacapou extracts(from ethyl acetate maceration)showed good anti-fungal and anti-termite activities.Additionally,the concentration in extractives had an impact on the anti-termite activity level for Reti-culitermesflavipes and Cryptotermes sp.Formulations based on Wacapou extractives showed a good potential for valorization in eco-friendly preservatives,aiming to confer better durability to local low-durability wood species.展开更多
The trends of consuming or using eco-friendly,biodegradable products due to the change in the lifestyle of the people have led to the exploration of new sources from plants or animals.Seed mucilage(SeM)is an underexpl...The trends of consuming or using eco-friendly,biodegradable products due to the change in the lifestyle of the people have led to the exploration of new sources from plants or animals.Seed mucilage(SeM)is an underexplored component of plants that can be brought into play to deal with such problems.Mucilage,a viscous polysaccharide that can be obtained when seeds like chia,flax,garden cress,and tomato get hydrated and form a slimy,gel-like substance around the seed coat,can be utilized due to its unique characteristics.It has been used in developing many products such as bio-based films,plant-based dressing wounds with antibacterial effects,a medium for oral drug delivery,edible coatings,etc.Primarily composed of soluble fiber,it exhibits effects on human health,including blood glucose management,cholesterol,weight reduction,antioxidant(AOx),and antimicrobial activity.It offers a range of functional properties,including emulsification,stabilization,foam formation,fat replacement,encapsulating agent,flocculation,coagulation,and medium for drug release.These attributes make SeM a suitable component for applications in various sectors like food and pharmacy.Further study in this field may open more opportunities to address environmental problems and contribute to sustainability.This review explores aspects of SeM,emphasizing its functional properties and highlighting its current as well as potential applications across various sectors.展开更多
As a major subunit of the exocyst complex,members of the EXO70 family have mainly been shown to play roles in cell polarity and morphogenesis in Arabidopsis,but their roles in plant endosymbiosis,such as with arbuscul...As a major subunit of the exocyst complex,members of the EXO70 family have mainly been shown to play roles in cell polarity and morphogenesis in Arabidopsis,but their roles in plant endosymbiosis,such as with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi(AMF),have rarely been reported.Here,using knockout and overexpression lines,we show that OsEXO70L2,which encodes a divergent EXO70 protein in rice,controls the number of primary roots and is essential for large lateral root formation.Furthermore,the OsEXO70L2 mutant sr1 displayed rare internal AMF hyphaeand no arbuscules.We also found that AMF sporulation can occur in roots despite low colonization and that AMF colonization and sporulation are modulated by photoperiod and co-culture with clover.Finally,genes related to auxin homeostasis were found to be affected in the OsEXO70L2 knockout or overexpression lines,suggesting that auxin is at least partly responsible for the phenotypes.This study provides new perspectives on the role of the exocyst complex during root development and AM in rice.展开更多
Background Insect meals have been identified as innovative and sustainable feedstuffs that could be used in ruminant nutrition.However,current research on the effects that their processing may have on rumen digestibil...Background Insect meals have been identified as innovative and sustainable feedstuffs that could be used in ruminant nutrition.However,current research on the effects that their processing may have on rumen digestibility and fatty acid(FA)biohydrogenation is scant.This trial aims to investigate the effects(i)of drying temperature of fullfat Hermetia illucens(HI)and Tenebrio molitor(TM)meals,and(ii)of residual ether extract(EE)content of defatted HI and TM meals,on their fermentation characteristics and FA of rumen digesta after 24-h in vitro rumen incubation.Methods The tested full-fat meals included four HI and four TM meals obtained applying drying temperatures ranging from 30℃ to 70℃,while the tested defatted meals consisted of five HI and two TM meals containing a residual EE content ranging from 4.7 to 19.7 g EE/100 g dry matter(DM).The applied statistical models(GLM ANOVA)tested the effects of insect species,drying temperature(full-fat meals)or EE content(defatted meals),and their interaction.Results Drying temperature had minor effects on in vitro ruminal digestibility and FA profile of rumen digesta.Irrespective of insect species,increasing the drying temperature led to a reduction of in vitro degradation of proteins from insect meals,as outlined by the significant decrease in ammonia production(-0.009 mmol/g DM and-0.126 g/100 g total N for each additional 1℃).Irrespective of insect species,defatting increased total gas,volatile fatty acids(VFA)and CH_(4) productions,and the proportions of total saturated and branched-chain FA in rumen digesta(+0.038 mmol/g DM,+0.063 mmol/g DM,+12.9μmol/g DM,+0.18 g/100 g FA,and+0.19 g/100 g FA for each reduced 1 g EE/100 g DM,respectively),and reduced the proportion of total PUFA(-0.12 g/100 g FA).Conclusions The applied drying temperatures of full-fat insect meals are too low to exert impactful effects on rumen digestibility and FA biohydrogenation.Fat lowered fermentation activity,probably because of an inhibitory effect on rumen microbiota.The increased ruminal digestibility of defatted insect meals suggests that they can be more suitable to be used in ruminant nutrition than full-fat ones.展开更多
This study was carried out to assess plasticity to drought of 30 adult fig cultivars,based on a screening of leaf structural and functional traits under sustained deficit irrigation,corresponding to 60%of crop evapotr...This study was carried out to assess plasticity to drought of 30 adult fig cultivars,based on a screening of leaf structural and functional traits under sustained deficit irrigation,corresponding to 60%of crop evapotranspiration.All trees,three per cultivar,are planted in an ex-situ collection in Sais plain,northern Morocco.The measurements concerned leaf area,blade thickness,trichomes density,trichome hair length,stomatal density,stomatal dimensions,stomatal area index,chlorophyll concentration index,relative water content,stomatal conductance,leaf temperature,water loss in detached leaves,cuticular wax content,proline content,total phenolic compounds,and total soluble sugars.The ranking of cultivars regarding drought tolerance was established based on a two-level clustering approach,primarily relying on chlorophyll concentration index and secondarily on water status traits.Results showed significant genotypic variations for all measured traits,except phenolic compounds content.Correlations between structural and functional traits have pinpointed blade thickness and trichome hair length as the key indicators of fig drought tolerance,owing to their involvement in maintaining chlorophyll content under water stress conditions.The extent of the variations shows that fig leaf is endowed with a wide structural and functional diversity,which can give to the species potential for resilience to various environmental stresses,including drought.Among the cultivars assessed,two exotic varieties,“Kadota”and“Royal Blanck”,as well as four local cultivars,namely,“Ferqouch Jmel”,“El Qoti Labied”,“Hamra”and“Fassi”showed the highest drought plasticity level.展开更多
Lymphomas represent one of the most common malignant diseases in young men and an important issue is how treatments will affect their reproductive health.It has been hypothesized that chemotherapies,similarly to envir...Lymphomas represent one of the most common malignant diseases in young men and an important issue is how treatments will affect their reproductive health.It has been hypothesized that chemotherapies,similarly to environmental chemicals,may alter the spermatogenic epigenome.Here,we report the genomic and epigenomic profiling of the sperm DNA from a 31-year-old Hodgkin lymphoma patient who faced recurrent spontaneous miscarriages in his couple 11-26 months after receiving chemotherapy with adriamycin,bleomycin,vinblastine,and dacarbazine(ABVD).In order to capture the potential deleterious impact of the ABVD treatment on mutational and methylation changes,we compared sperm DNA before and 26 months after chemotherapy with whole-genome sequencing(WGS)and reduced representation bisulfite sequencing(RRBS).The WGS analysis identified 403 variants following ABVD treatment,including 28 linked to genes crucial for embryogenesis.However,none were found in coding regions,indicating no impact of chemotherapy on protein function.The RRBS analysis identified 99high-quality differentially methylated regions(hqDMRs)for which methylation status changed upon chemotherapy.Those hqDRMs were associated with 87 differentially methylated genes,among which 14 are known to be important or expressed during embryo development.While no variants were detected in coding regions,promoter regions of several genes potentially important for embryo development contained variants or displayed an altered methylated status.These might in turn modify the corresponding gene expression and thus affect their function during key stages of embryogenesis,leading to potential developmental disorders or miscarriages.展开更多
Furfurylation,a renowned chemical modification technique,uses furfuryl alcohol to enhance the properties of wood.This technology can be further refined by incorporating renewable tannins,which promote cross-linking wi...Furfurylation,a renowned chemical modification technique,uses furfuryl alcohol to enhance the properties of wood.This technology can be further refined by incorporating renewable tannins,which promote cross-linking with furfuryl alcohol.This study investigates the effects of furfurylation and tannin-modified furfurylation on the physical and mechanical properties of tropical Gmelina wood(Gmelina arborea Roxb.).Experiments involved impregnating Gmelina wood with aqueous solutions of furfuryl alcohol(FA)at 40%and 70%concentrations,as well as FA-tannin combinations(FA 40%-TA and FA 70%-TA),followed by polymerization at 103℃.The results demonstrated that both FA and FA-tannin treatments significantly improved the wood’s physical and mechanical properties.Notably,FA-tannin treatments achieved anti-swelling efficiency comparable to FA alone.However,the addition of tannins(FA 70%-TA)enhanced leaching resistance by up to 47%,contributing to a more environmentally sustainable modification process.Mechanically,the inclusion of tannins in FA 70%-TA slightly increased the modulus of elasticity(14%~8732 kg/cm^(2))and the modulus of rupture(9%~40.9 kg/cm^(2)).Furthermore,the tannin addition imparted a darker color to the modified wood,enhancing its aesthetic appeal.This study highlights the potential of tannin-modified furfurylation to advance wood modification technology,combining improved performance with environmental benefits.展开更多
文摘Around the world, radioactive sources have been widely used for decades to benefit humankind; industry food; health, etc. However, the malicious use of radiological sources poses a significant threat globally. As Irradiation facility for research the goal of this paper is to show a case study of application of nuclear security and nuclear security culture code of contact in irradiation facility using cobalt 60. And it will show the necessary work done to achieve the goal of protection of radioactive material and continue working in safe conditions. This objective could not be achieved without the collaboration of all department involved in security and nuclear safety. In this work we applied the nuclear security and nuclear security culture procedures in order to define the type of system used to achieve the global objective in accordance with Global Threat Reduction Program to reduce the threat of a RDD （Radiological Dispersion Device） in collaboration with The United States Department of Energy＇s NNSA （National Nuclear Security Administration）. The objective of this paper is to share a local experience in upgrading security with return of experience in practice and very good collaboration with general direction of national security and all departments involved in security and nuclear safety.
基金partly funded by National Key R&D Program of China(2023YFD1301405)the 2115 Talent Development Program of China Agricultural University。
文摘Skeletal muscle accounts for approximately 40%of body mass and 50%–75%of whole-body protein,playing a central role in meat production and quality.Efficient protein synthesis in skeletal muscle relies on an adequate supply of nutrient substrates and a balanced amino acid profile.Branched-chain amino acids(BCAA),including leucine(Leu),isoleucine(Ile),and valine(Val),are the most abundant essential amino acids in skeletal muscle and contribute to both protein synthesis and oxidative energy production.Additionally,BCAA function as signaling molecules that regulate gene expression and protein phosphorylation cascades,which significantly influence physiological processes,such as protein synthesis and degradation,glucose and lipid metabolism,and cell apoptosis and autophagy.These processes are primarily mediated through the PI3K/AKT/AMPK/mTOR signaling pathways.This review summarizes BCAA transporters and catabolic metabolism,their role as signaling molecules in regulating protein metabolism and glucose and lipid equilibrium,and applications in animal production.These findings offer both theoretical insights and practical guidelines for the precise regulation of feed efficiency and production performance through tailored dietary BCAA supplementations.
基金part of the EU consortium DCog Plast ‘Diet Cognition and Plasticity” funded by the Joint Programming Initiative “A Health Diet for a Healthy Life”(JPI-HDHL) via the BMWFW (BMWFW-10.420/0009-WF/V/3c/2015 and the Medical Research Council UK:MR/N030087/1)(to LA and ST)supported by the PMU-FFF Research Fund (A-16/01/019-AIG)+9 种基金BA by the PMU-Research and Innovation Fund (PMU-RIF)(project 2023-PRE-008-Altendorfer)supported by the Center for Urban Mental Healthby Alzheimer Nederlandthe Zon MW Program Mechanisms Of DEMentia (MODEM)by the Gravitation program iCNS of the Dutch Research Council (NWO)supported by Grant PID2020-114921RB-C21Maria de Maeztu Unit of Excellence grant CEX2021-001234-M funded by MCIU/AEI/and CIBERFESCB16/10/00269, from the Instituto de Salud Carlos III all of them by “ERDF A way of making Europe”the Generalitat de Catalunya’s Agency AGAUR of 2021SGR00687ICREA Award
文摘In Alzheimer’s disease,microglial phagocytosis is engaged in the pathogenesis as it clears abnormal protein accumulations,debris,and apoptotic cells in the early stages of Alzheimer’s disease,but fuels neuroinflammation and accelerates disease progression in later stages.In vivo parabiosis experiments in aged animals have demonstrated that blood-born factors modulate synaptic plasticity,neurogenesis,and microglial responses.We hypothesize that peripheral factors can modulate microglial function and thereby possibly influence Alzheimer’s disease pathology.The objective of this study is to investigate the effects of Alzheimer’s disease serum on microglial phagocytosis.Here,we use an immortalized human microglial cell line in an in vitro parabiosis assay to investigate the impact of the serum from individuals diagnosed with Alzheimer’s disease(n=30)and age-matched controls(n=30)(PRODEM study)on microglial phagocytosis.Exposure to Alzheimer’s disease serum increased microglial phagocytic uptake of pH-sensitive fluorescent particles and downregulated expression of the lysosomal master regulator transcription factor EB(TFEB)and of ATPase H^(+)transporting lysosomal V1 subunit B2(ATP6V1B2),a component of the vacuolar ATPase.To identify serum components that may relate to changes in phagocytosis,serum samples of the Three-City Study(3C Study)were used.In the 3C Study,blood samples were collected up to 12 years before the onset of cognitive decline or dementia and their serum metabolome is well-defined.Microglia exposed to the serum of future Alzheimer’s disease patients from the 3C Study displayed an increased phagocytic uptake compared with the serum of matched controls,depending on the presence of the apolipoprotein Eε4 allele in the Alzheimer’s disease patients.Furthermore,microglial phagocytosis correlated inversely with serum levels of the omega-3 fatty acid eicosapentaenoic acid.We confirmed this inverse correlation between eicosapentaenoic acid and phagocytosis in the serum samples of the PRODEM cohort.In addition,in vitro testing of eicosapentaenoic acid on microglial phagocytosis showed a concentration-dependent decrease in phagocytic uptake.In conclusion,following incubation with Alzheimer’s disease blood serum,we observed increased microglial phagocytic uptake and the downregulation of TFEB and ATP6V1B2,possibly indicating lysosomal dysfunction.Furthermore,microglial phagocytosis was inversely correlated with serum eicosapentaenoic acid levels,suggesting an important role for dietary eicosapentaenoic acid in microglial function.
基金supported by the CNRS-INSU EC2CO program in the framework of the CADSOU project,by the Nouvelle Aquitaine Region in the framework of the ESTOCADE project,and by the French National Research Institute for Agriculture,Food and Environment(INRAE)The authors are grateful to Ms.Melike Emet(INRAE,UMR ISPA)and Ms.Sylvie Bussière(INRAE,UMR ISPA)for their help treating the samples,and to Ms.Francesca Degan(ARVALIS-Institut du végétal)and Ms.Séverine Piutti(INRAE,UMR LAE)for helpful comments.
文摘Cadmium(Cd)is a toxic trace metal that occurs naturally in agricultural soils and can accumulate in the edible parts of crops,notably in cereal grains.This study investigated the extent to which sulfur(S)fertilization increases the availability of Cd in a calcareous(Calc)and a non-calcareous(Ncalc)soil.Changes in Cd availability and speciation were monitored over a 21-d incubation period,along with changes in pH and the concentrations of sulfate,nitrate,calcium,magnesium,aluminum(Al),manganese(Mn),and nickel(Ni)in the potassium nitrate(KNO_(3))extracts,after the addition at agronomic rates of three forms of S fertilizers:elemental S(S(0)),potassium sulfate(K_(2)SO_(4)),and ammonium sulfate((NH_(4))_(2)SO_(4)).Elemental S did not increase the Cd concentration in the KNO_(3)extracts of either soil due to its too limited oxidation to sulfates.The two sulfate fertilizers had contrasting effects on Cd concentration depending on the nature of the counter cation(K^(+)or NH_(4)^(+)).While K_(2)SO_(4)caused almost no change in Cd concentration in either soil,(NH_(4))_(2)SO_(4)increased Cd concentration in both soils.The nitrification of NH_(4)^(+)reduced soil pH,thereby increasing the concentrations of Cd,Al,Mn,and Ni in the Ncalc soil over time,as evidenced by the strong negative correlations between soil pH and the concentrations of these four elements in the KNO3 extract after 21 d.In the Calc soil,the mechanism of Cd concentration increase after(NH_(4))_(2)SO_(4)addition was more difficult to understand and could result from the proton-mediated alteration of Cd-bearing phases such as carbonates,following ammonia(NH_(3))volatilization.The relevance of these results for the S fertilization of cereals in Cd-contaminated soils is discussed.
基金supported by a collaborative project involving INRAE/UR1264 Mycology and Food Safety,France and Syngenta,France(grant agreement 22001389-00004520).
文摘Fusarium graminearum is the causal agent of Gibberella ear rot(GER)in maize,a devastating fungal disease leading to yield reduction and contamination of grains with type B trichothecene mycotoxins(TCTB).Reducing GER damage requires the implementation of an integrated strategy in which the use of resistant maize genotypes is a key pillar.F.graminearum infects maize ears most often by the silk channel,which represents the first plant tissue encountered by the pathogen.The present study aimed at providing new phenotyping tools to improve breeding pipelines by investing the importance of maize silk composition in GER resistance.Here we used targeted and untargeted metabolomics approaches to characterize differences between genotypes reported as susceptible or tolerant to GER.Promising results were obtained with the LC-HRMS/MS analysis that led to outline 25 m/z signals,among which 14 were assigned to a unique compound,that could distinguish tolerant and susceptible genotypes.We notably evidenced that a metabolite putatively identified as feruloyl-hexose could contribute to GER tolerance,while two others putatively identified compounds(chlorogenic acid and eupatilin)could be susceptibility-associated biomarkers.The present study paves the avenue for the use of new approaches based on silk composition to improve the breeding programs aiming at increasing maize resistance.
基金supported by a grant overseen by the French National Research Agency(ANR),as part of the“Investissements d’Avenir”program(ANR-11-LABX-0002-01,Lab of Excellence ARBRE)supported by“Lorraine Universitéd’Excellence”Master Grant,ORION program and by the French Ministry of Foreign Office through EIFFEL program.
文摘Tannins are polyphenols widely present in the plant kingdom,commonly divided into two groups:condensed and hydrolysable tannins.Sustainable furanic bio-foams based on condensed tannins have been largely studied,but little is described about the use of hydrolysable tannins for this material.This study examined the potential of hydrolysable chestnut tannin in comparison to condensed mimosa tannins to produce furanic foams by chemical expansion.Due to the low reactivity of the hydrolysable tannin,the use of an external source for its polymerization and curing was necessary.Through Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR)chromatography,it was possible to observe that the new foams presented small differences in functional groups compared to the condensed tannin foams,presenting peaks related to carboxyl groups.In terms of physical properties,the chestnut foams showed an apparent density 36%higher than the conventional mimosa tannin foams and a superior hydrophilic character.In terms of thermal properties,both foams exhibit high thermal stability,with the acacia tannin foam being slightly superior.In summary,this research paves the way for new applications of hydrolysable tannins in bio-foams and materials science.
基金UR 4370 LERMAB is supported by a grant overseen by the French National Research Agency(ANR)as part of the“Investissements d’Avenir”program(ANR-11-LABX-0002-01,Lab of Excellence ARBRE)in the frame of the project“Woodstic”ICEEL for the financial in the frame of the project“BoisPlast”(CARN 001301).
文摘Bio-based thermoplastic film from flax fiber and fatty acid(FA)was obtained using trifluoroacetic anhydride(TFAA)as an impelling agent.Different quantities of TFAA/FA,size of flax fiber,and fatty acids were applied to investigate chemical structure in relation to the mechanical properties.Decreasing the quantity of TFAA/FA by almost half from 1:4 to 1:2.5(flax to TFAA/FA)only reduces by 22%the weight percent gain(WPG)and ester content and reducing flax fiber size slightly increases the WPG and ester content.All the treatments showed sig-nificant chemical structure modification,observed by FTIR and solid CP/MAS^(13)C NMR,confirming the presence of carbonyl ester groups and alkyl chains,in relatively similar intensities.The crystallinity index(CrI)of esterified flax was evaluated by comparing the signal of solid CP/MAS^(13)C NMR in crystalline and amorphous regions and CrI was higher in esterified flax using a lower quantity of reagent and longer fatty acid.Esterified flax in a high quantity of reagent showed ductile or flexible behavior.Decreasing the reagent to 1:2.5 significantly increases the tensile strength and Young’s modulus,and decreases the elongation at break,presenting more brittle and stiff material.Using flax fiber in the original size results in slightly higher tensile strength and Young’s modulus and slightly lower elongation than milled flax.The tensile strength and Young’s modulus of stearic acid esterified flax obtained in this research were higher than myristic acid and comparable to the polyethylene plastics-LDPE and HDPE.
基金PROTEXTWOOD (ID 2202-102) funded through LabEx AGRO ANR-10-LABX-0001-01 (under ISiteUniversité de Montpellier framework)the project PANTHER2-Guyane funded through AgenceNationale de la Recherche (ANR-22-CE43-0019)+2 种基金“Investissement d’Avenir” grant managed by Agence Nationale de la Recherche (CEBA, ref. ANR-10-LABX-25-01)supported by the FEDER (European Regional Development Fund)research project “EcovaloBois” (Project number: GY0015430)by the CNRS peps INSIS2018 research project “GuyavaloFibres”.
文摘The valorization of Amazonian wood residues into active chemical compounds could be an eco-friendly,cost-effective and valuable way to develop wood preservative formulations to enhance the decay and termite resistance of low-durable wood species.Wacapou(Vouacapoua americana.,Fabaceae)is a well-known Guianese wood spe-cies commonly used in local wood construction due to its outstanding natural durability,which results from the presence of a large panel of extractives compounds.In addition,its industrial processing generates large amounts of residues.Wacapou residues were extracted by maceration using four different solvents(water/ethanol,ethyl acetate,hexane and dichloromethane/methanol),separately and successively.The yield of each extractive fraction was determined,and their chemical compositions were analyzed by Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry(LC-MS).Ethyl acetate led to the highest extraction yield,and the active compounds were identified in the obtained extractive fraction.In this sense,the fungicidal and termite-repellent properties of these extractives were then tested using a screening laboratory(with temperate and tropical microorganisms),according to the solution concentration(1%,2.5%,5%,8%and 10%).Finally,Virola michelii Heckel wood samples(low durable species)were impregnated with the 8%concentration solution.The impregnated wood samples were then exposed to a soil bed test.The results highlighted that the nature of the solvent used during wood maceration affects the con-tent of the obtained extractive fractions.Ultra-Performance Liquid Chromatography–High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry(UHPLC-HRMS)analyses showed the influence of extraction parameters on the nature of the extracted molecules.Wacapou extracts(from ethyl acetate maceration)showed good anti-fungal and anti-termite activities.Additionally,the concentration in extractives had an impact on the anti-termite activity level for Reti-culitermesflavipes and Cryptotermes sp.Formulations based on Wacapou extractives showed a good potential for valorization in eco-friendly preservatives,aiming to confer better durability to local low-durability wood species.
文摘The trends of consuming or using eco-friendly,biodegradable products due to the change in the lifestyle of the people have led to the exploration of new sources from plants or animals.Seed mucilage(SeM)is an underexplored component of plants that can be brought into play to deal with such problems.Mucilage,a viscous polysaccharide that can be obtained when seeds like chia,flax,garden cress,and tomato get hydrated and form a slimy,gel-like substance around the seed coat,can be utilized due to its unique characteristics.It has been used in developing many products such as bio-based films,plant-based dressing wounds with antibacterial effects,a medium for oral drug delivery,edible coatings,etc.Primarily composed of soluble fiber,it exhibits effects on human health,including blood glucose management,cholesterol,weight reduction,antioxidant(AOx),and antimicrobial activity.It offers a range of functional properties,including emulsification,stabilization,foam formation,fat replacement,encapsulating agent,flocculation,coagulation,and medium for drug release.These attributes make SeM a suitable component for applications in various sectors like food and pharmacy.Further study in this field may open more opportunities to address environmental problems and contribute to sustainability.This review explores aspects of SeM,emphasizing its functional properties and highlighting its current as well as potential applications across various sectors.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32171970)the Chongqing Talent Program,China(cstc2022ycjh-bgzxm0073)+1 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Chongqing,China(cstc2021jcyjcxtt X0004)the Rice Innovative Research Team of Chongqing Modern Agricultural Industrial Technology System,China(CQMAITS202301)。
文摘As a major subunit of the exocyst complex,members of the EXO70 family have mainly been shown to play roles in cell polarity and morphogenesis in Arabidopsis,but their roles in plant endosymbiosis,such as with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi(AMF),have rarely been reported.Here,using knockout and overexpression lines,we show that OsEXO70L2,which encodes a divergent EXO70 protein in rice,controls the number of primary roots and is essential for large lateral root formation.Furthermore,the OsEXO70L2 mutant sr1 displayed rare internal AMF hyphaeand no arbuscules.We also found that AMF sporulation can occur in roots despite low colonization and that AMF colonization and sporulation are modulated by photoperiod and co-culture with clover.Finally,genes related to auxin homeostasis were found to be affected in the OsEXO70L2 knockout or overexpression lines,suggesting that auxin is at least partly responsible for the phenotypes.This study provides new perspectives on the role of the exocyst complex during root development and AM in rice.
基金partially granted by the Hi-Ga project,which is part of the programme of the Green ERA-Hub that has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon Europe research and innovation programme under Grant Agreement No.101056828self-financed by the DINAMIC team of the UMR Herbivores(INRAE,VetAgro Sup,Saint-Genès-Champanelle,France)。
文摘Background Insect meals have been identified as innovative and sustainable feedstuffs that could be used in ruminant nutrition.However,current research on the effects that their processing may have on rumen digestibility and fatty acid(FA)biohydrogenation is scant.This trial aims to investigate the effects(i)of drying temperature of fullfat Hermetia illucens(HI)and Tenebrio molitor(TM)meals,and(ii)of residual ether extract(EE)content of defatted HI and TM meals,on their fermentation characteristics and FA of rumen digesta after 24-h in vitro rumen incubation.Methods The tested full-fat meals included four HI and four TM meals obtained applying drying temperatures ranging from 30℃ to 70℃,while the tested defatted meals consisted of five HI and two TM meals containing a residual EE content ranging from 4.7 to 19.7 g EE/100 g dry matter(DM).The applied statistical models(GLM ANOVA)tested the effects of insect species,drying temperature(full-fat meals)or EE content(defatted meals),and their interaction.Results Drying temperature had minor effects on in vitro ruminal digestibility and FA profile of rumen digesta.Irrespective of insect species,increasing the drying temperature led to a reduction of in vitro degradation of proteins from insect meals,as outlined by the significant decrease in ammonia production(-0.009 mmol/g DM and-0.126 g/100 g total N for each additional 1℃).Irrespective of insect species,defatting increased total gas,volatile fatty acids(VFA)and CH_(4) productions,and the proportions of total saturated and branched-chain FA in rumen digesta(+0.038 mmol/g DM,+0.063 mmol/g DM,+12.9μmol/g DM,+0.18 g/100 g FA,and+0.19 g/100 g FA for each reduced 1 g EE/100 g DM,respectively),and reduced the proportion of total PUFA(-0.12 g/100 g FA).Conclusions The applied drying temperatures of full-fat insect meals are too low to exert impactful effects on rumen digestibility and FA biohydrogenation.Fat lowered fermentation activity,probably because of an inhibitory effect on rumen microbiota.The increased ruminal digestibility of defatted insect meals suggests that they can be more suitable to be used in ruminant nutrition than full-fat ones.
文摘This study was carried out to assess plasticity to drought of 30 adult fig cultivars,based on a screening of leaf structural and functional traits under sustained deficit irrigation,corresponding to 60%of crop evapotranspiration.All trees,three per cultivar,are planted in an ex-situ collection in Sais plain,northern Morocco.The measurements concerned leaf area,blade thickness,trichomes density,trichome hair length,stomatal density,stomatal dimensions,stomatal area index,chlorophyll concentration index,relative water content,stomatal conductance,leaf temperature,water loss in detached leaves,cuticular wax content,proline content,total phenolic compounds,and total soluble sugars.The ranking of cultivars regarding drought tolerance was established based on a two-level clustering approach,primarily relying on chlorophyll concentration index and secondarily on water status traits.Results showed significant genotypic variations for all measured traits,except phenolic compounds content.Correlations between structural and functional traits have pinpointed blade thickness and trichome hair length as the key indicators of fig drought tolerance,owing to their involvement in maintaining chlorophyll content under water stress conditions.The extent of the variations shows that fig leaf is endowed with a wide structural and functional diversity,which can give to the species potential for resilience to various environmental stresses,including drought.Among the cultivars assessed,two exotic varieties,“Kadota”and“Royal Blanck”,as well as four local cultivars,namely,“Ferqouch Jmel”,“El Qoti Labied”,“Hamra”and“Fassi”showed the highest drought plasticity level.
文摘Lymphomas represent one of the most common malignant diseases in young men and an important issue is how treatments will affect their reproductive health.It has been hypothesized that chemotherapies,similarly to environmental chemicals,may alter the spermatogenic epigenome.Here,we report the genomic and epigenomic profiling of the sperm DNA from a 31-year-old Hodgkin lymphoma patient who faced recurrent spontaneous miscarriages in his couple 11-26 months after receiving chemotherapy with adriamycin,bleomycin,vinblastine,and dacarbazine(ABVD).In order to capture the potential deleterious impact of the ABVD treatment on mutational and methylation changes,we compared sperm DNA before and 26 months after chemotherapy with whole-genome sequencing(WGS)and reduced representation bisulfite sequencing(RRBS).The WGS analysis identified 403 variants following ABVD treatment,including 28 linked to genes crucial for embryogenesis.However,none were found in coding regions,indicating no impact of chemotherapy on protein function.The RRBS analysis identified 99high-quality differentially methylated regions(hqDMRs)for which methylation status changed upon chemotherapy.Those hqDRMs were associated with 87 differentially methylated genes,among which 14 are known to be important or expressed during embryo development.While no variants were detected in coding regions,promoter regions of several genes potentially important for embryo development contained variants or displayed an altered methylated status.These might in turn modify the corresponding gene expression and thus affect their function during key stages of embryogenesis,leading to potential developmental disorders or miscarriages.
基金funded by the Directorate General of Higher Education,Research,and Technology,Ministry of Education,Culture,Research,and Technology,Indonesia,which sponsored the research grant via the National Competitive Basic Research Scheme,No.027/E5/PG.02.00.PL/2024facilitated by IPB University(Bogor Agricultural University)through Research Contract No.22055/IT3.D10/PT.01.03/P/B/2024+1 种基金funded by Research Organization for Nanotechnology and Materials No.3/III.10/HK/2023National Research and Innovation Agency(BRIN),Indonesia.
文摘Furfurylation,a renowned chemical modification technique,uses furfuryl alcohol to enhance the properties of wood.This technology can be further refined by incorporating renewable tannins,which promote cross-linking with furfuryl alcohol.This study investigates the effects of furfurylation and tannin-modified furfurylation on the physical and mechanical properties of tropical Gmelina wood(Gmelina arborea Roxb.).Experiments involved impregnating Gmelina wood with aqueous solutions of furfuryl alcohol(FA)at 40%and 70%concentrations,as well as FA-tannin combinations(FA 40%-TA and FA 70%-TA),followed by polymerization at 103℃.The results demonstrated that both FA and FA-tannin treatments significantly improved the wood’s physical and mechanical properties.Notably,FA-tannin treatments achieved anti-swelling efficiency comparable to FA alone.However,the addition of tannins(FA 70%-TA)enhanced leaching resistance by up to 47%,contributing to a more environmentally sustainable modification process.Mechanically,the inclusion of tannins in FA 70%-TA slightly increased the modulus of elasticity(14%~8732 kg/cm^(2))and the modulus of rupture(9%~40.9 kg/cm^(2)).Furthermore,the tannin addition imparted a darker color to the modified wood,enhancing its aesthetic appeal.This study highlights the potential of tannin-modified furfurylation to advance wood modification technology,combining improved performance with environmental benefits.
