This article describes a pilot study aiming at generating social interactions between a humanoid robot and adolescents with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), through the practice of a gesture imitation game. The partici...This article describes a pilot study aiming at generating social interactions between a humanoid robot and adolescents with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), through the practice of a gesture imitation game. The participants were a 17-year-old young lady with ASD and intellectual deficit, and a control participant: a preadolescent with ASD but no intellectual deficit (Asperger syndrome). The game is comprised of four phases: greetings, pairing, imitation, and closing. Field educators were involved, playing specific roles: visual or physical inciter. The use of a robot allows for catching the participants’ attention, playing the imitation game for a longer period of time than with a human partner, and preventing the game partner’s negative facial expressions resulting from tiredness, impatience, or boredom. The participants’ behavior was observed in terms of initial approach towards the robot, positioning relative to the robot in terms of distance and orientation, reactions to the robot’s voice or moves, signs of happiness, and imitation attempts. Results suggest a more and more natural approach towards the robot during the sessions, as well as a higher level of social interaction, based on the variations of the parameters listed above. We use these preliminary results to draw the next steps of our research work as well as identify further perspectives, with this aim in mind: improving social interactions with adolescents with ASD and intellectual deficit, allowing for better integration of these people into our societies.展开更多
This paper proposes an efficient strategy for resource utilization in Elastic Optical Networks (EONs) to minimize spectrum fragmentation and reduce connection blocking probability during Routing and Spectrum Allocatio...This paper proposes an efficient strategy for resource utilization in Elastic Optical Networks (EONs) to minimize spectrum fragmentation and reduce connection blocking probability during Routing and Spectrum Allocation (RSA). The proposed method, Dynamic Threshold-Based Routing and Spectrum Allocation with Fragmentation Awareness (DT-RSAF), integrates rerouting and spectrum defragmentation as needed. By leveraging Yen’s shortest path algorithm, DT-RSAF enhances resource utilization while ensuring improved service continuity. A dynamic threshold mechanism enables the algorithm to adapt to varying network conditions, while its fragmentation awareness effectively mitigates spectrum fragmentation. Simulation results on NSFNET and COST 239 topologies demonstrate that DT-RSAF significantly outperforms methods such as K-Shortest Path Routing and Spectrum Allocation (KSP-RSA), Load Balanced and Fragmentation-Aware (LBFA), and the Invasive Weed Optimization-based RSA (IWO-RSA). Under heavy traffic, DT-RSAF reduces the blocking probability by up to 15% and achieves lower Bandwidth Fragmentation Ratios (BFR), ranging from 74% to 75%, compared to 77% - 80% for KSP-RSA, 75% - 77% for LBFA, and approximately 76% for IWO-RSA. DT-RSAF also demonstrated reasonable computation times compared to KSP-RSA, LBFA, and IWO-RSA. On a small-sized network, its computation time was 8710 times faster than that of Integer Linear Programming (ILP) on the same network topology. Additionally, it achieved a similar execution time to LBFA and outperformed IWO-RSA in terms of efficiency. These results highlight DT-RSAF’s capability to maintain large contiguous frequency blocks, making it highly effective for accommodating high-bandwidth requests in EONs while maintaining reasonable execution times.展开更多
This study aimed to investigate the effect of yam flour substitution (Dioscorea alata L.) and moringa powder in wheat bread on glycemic response. Glycemic index (GI) and glycemic load (GL) of pieces of bread were dete...This study aimed to investigate the effect of yam flour substitution (Dioscorea alata L.) and moringa powder in wheat bread on glycemic response. Glycemic index (GI) and glycemic load (GL) of pieces of bread were determined. A mixture plan design was used to determine the optimal formulation of bread made of yam flour, wheat flour and moringa powder. The mixture of 79.4% soft wheat flour, 20% yam flour and 0.6% moringa leaves powder has a good potential in bread preparation and was used in this study. 100% wheat bread was used as control. Postprandial blood glucose response (glycemic response) was evaluated with the glucose used as a reference food. Blood glucose responses were measured at different intervals for 2 hours. The results indicated that composite bread had low GI and GL values than wheat bread. Values are GI = 80 and GL = 61.2 for wheat bread and GI = 37.78 and GL = 29.65 for the composite bread. This study demonstrated that the inclusion of yam flour of moringa leaves powder in bread production might not pose a threat to blood glucose response compared to wheat bread. These pieces of bread could be included easily in diabetics’ and non-diabetics diet.展开更多
The modern development in cloud technologies has turned the idea of cloud gaming into sensible behaviour. The cloud gaming provides an interactive gaming application, which remotely processed in a cloud system, and it...The modern development in cloud technologies has turned the idea of cloud gaming into sensible behaviour. The cloud gaming provides an interactive gaming application, which remotely processed in a cloud system, and it streamed the scenes as video series to play through network. Therefore, cloud gaming is a capable approach, which quickly increases the cloud computing platform. Obtaining enhanced user experience in cloud gaming structure is not insignificant task because user anticipates less response delay and high quality videos. To achieve this, cloud providers need to be able to accurately predict irregular player workloads in order to schedule the necessary resources. In this paper, an effective technique, named as Fractional Rider Deep Long Short Term Memory (LSTM) network is developed for workload prediction in cloud gaming. The workload of each resource is computed based on developed Fractional Rider Deep LSTM network. Moreover, resource allocation is performed by fractional Rider-based Harmony Search Algorithm (Rider-based HSA). This Fractional Rider-based HSA is developed by combining Fractional calculus (FC), Rider optimization algorithm (ROA) and Harmony search algorithm (HSA). Moreover, the developed Fractional Rider Deep LSTM is developed by integrating FC and Rider Deep LSTM. In addition, the multi-objective parameters, namely gaming experience loss QE, Mean Opinion Score (MOS), Fairness, energy, network parameters, and predictive load are considered for efficient resource allocation and workload prediction. Additionally, the developed workload prediction model achieved better performance using various parameters, like fairness, MOS, QE, energy and delay. Hence, the developed Fractional Rider Deep LSTM model showed enhanced results with maximum fairness, MOS, QE of 0.999, 0.921, 0.999 and less energy and delay of 0.322 and 0.456.展开更多
A semi-analytical approach for the pulsating solutions of the 3D complex Cubic-quintic Ginzburg-Landau Equation (CGLE) is presented in this article. A collective variable approach is used to obtain a system of variati...A semi-analytical approach for the pulsating solutions of the 3D complex Cubic-quintic Ginzburg-Landau Equation (CGLE) is presented in this article. A collective variable approach is used to obtain a system of variational equations which give the evolution of the light pulses parameters as a function of the propagation distance. The collective coordinate approach is incomparably faster than the direct numerical simulation of the propagation equation. This allows us to obtain, efficiently, a global mapping of the 3D pulsating soliton. In addition it allows describing the influence of the parameters of the equation on the various physical parameters of the pulse and their dynamics.展开更多
This paper uses a robust feedback linearization strategy in order to assure a good dynamic performance, stability and a decoupling of the currents for Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor (PMSM) in a rotating reference ...This paper uses a robust feedback linearization strategy in order to assure a good dynamic performance, stability and a decoupling of the currents for Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor (PMSM) in a rotating reference frame (d, q). However this control requires the knowledge of certain variables (speed, torque, position) that are difficult to access or its sensors require the additional mounting space, reduce the reliability in harsh environments and increase the cost of motor. And also a stator resistance variation can induce a performance degradation of the system. Thus a sixth-order Discrete-time Extended Kalman Filter approach is proposed for on-line estimation of speed, rotor position, load torque and stator resistance in a PMSM. The interesting simulations results obtained on a PMSM subjected to the load disturbance show very well the effectiveness and good performance of the proposed nonlinear feedback control and Extended Kalman Filter algorithm for the estimation in the presence of parameter variation and measurement noise.展开更多
Background： Natural disturbance is a fundamental component of the functioning of tropical rainforests let to natural dynamics, with tree mortality the driving force of forest renewal. With ongoing global （i.e. land-...Background： Natural disturbance is a fundamental component of the functioning of tropical rainforests let to natural dynamics, with tree mortality the driving force of forest renewal. With ongoing global （i.e. land-use and climate） changes, tropical forests are currently facing deep and rapid modifications in disturbance regimes that may hamper their recovering capacity so that developing robust predictive model able to predict ecosystem resilience and recovery becomes of primary importance for decision-making： （i） Do regenerating forests recover faster than mature forests given the same level of disturbance？ （ii） is the local topography an important predictor of the post-disturbance forest trajectories？ （iii） Is the community functional composition, assessed with community weighted-mean functional traits, a good predictor of carbon stock recovery？ （iv） How important is the climate stress （seasonal drought and/or soil water saturation） in shaping the recovery trajectory？ Methods： Paracou is a large scale forest disturbance experiment set up in 1984 with nine 6.25 ha plots spanning on a large disturbance gradient where 15 to 60% of the initial forest ecosystem biomass were removed. More than 70,000 trees belonging to ca. 700 tree species have then been censused every 2 years up today. Using this unique dataset, we aim at deciphering the endogenous （forest structure and composition） and exogenous （local environment and climate stress） drivers of ecosystem recovery in time. To do so, we disentangle carbon recovery into demographic processes （recruitment, growth, mortality fluxes） and cohorts （recruited trees, survivors）. Results： Variations in the pre-disturbance forest structure or in local environment do not shape significantly the ecosystem recovery rates. Variations in the pre-disturbance forest composition and in the post-disturbance climate significantly change the forest recovery trajectory. Pioneer-rich forests have slower recovery rates than assemblages of late-successional species. Soil water saturation during the wet season strongly impedes ecosystem recovery but not seasonal drought. From a sensitivity analysis, we highlight the pre-disturbance forest composition and the post-disturbance climate conditions as the primary factors controlling the recovery trajectory. Conclusions＂ Highly-disturbed forests and secondary forests because they are composed of a lot of pioneer species will be less able to cope with new disturbance. In the context of increasing tree mortality due to both （i） severe droughts imputable to climate change and （ii） human-induced perturbations, tropical forest management should focus on reducing disturbances by developing Reduced Impact Logging techniques.展开更多
The concentrations of cadmium, copper, lead and zinc in sediment samples from the Vridi Canal (Harbour area of economic capital of Cote d’Ivoire) were determined to evaluate the level of contamination. All metal conc...The concentrations of cadmium, copper, lead and zinc in sediment samples from the Vridi Canal (Harbour area of economic capital of Cote d’Ivoire) were determined to evaluate the level of contamination. All metal concentrations in sediment samples, except Cu, were greater than the concentration of Upper Continental Crust (UCC). Sediment pollution assessment was undertaken by using Enrichment Factor (EF), geoaccumulation index (I<sub>geo</sub>) and Pollution Load Index (PLI). The enrichment factor (Cd: EF = 20.04;Pb: EF = 3.43;Zn: EF = 1.56) and géoaccumulation index (Cd: I<sub>geo</sub> = 4.29;Pb: I<sub>geo</sub> = 1.81) showed that the sediments were polluted. The Pollution Load Index (PLI > 1) indicated that the sediments of the studied area were heavily contaminated. Based on the comparison with sediment quality guidelines, the concentrations of cadmium, lead and zinc would be toxic to one or more species of aquatic organisms living in the sediments.展开更多
Over the last decade, the rapid growth in traffic and the number of network devices has implicitly led to an increase in network energy consumption. In this context, a new paradigm has emerged, Software-Defined Networ...Over the last decade, the rapid growth in traffic and the number of network devices has implicitly led to an increase in network energy consumption. In this context, a new paradigm has emerged, Software-Defined Networking (SDN), which is an emerging technique that separates the control plane and the data plane of the deployed network, enabling centralized control of the network, while offering flexibility in data center network management. Some research work is moving in the direction of optimizing the energy consumption of SD-DCN, but still does not guarantee good performance and quality of service for SDN networks. To solve this problem, we propose a new mathematical model based on the principle of combinatorial optimization to dynamically solve the problem of activating and deactivating switches and unused links that consume energy in SDN networks while guaranteeing quality of service (QoS) and ensuring load balancing in the network.展开更多
The development of artificial intelligence (AI), particularly deep learning, has made it possible to accelerate and improve the processing of data collected in different fields (commerce, medicine, surveillance or sec...The development of artificial intelligence (AI), particularly deep learning, has made it possible to accelerate and improve the processing of data collected in different fields (commerce, medicine, surveillance or security, agriculture, etc.). Most related works use open source consistent image databases. This is the case for ImageNet reference data such as coco data, IP102, CIFAR-10, STL-10 and many others with variability representatives. The consistency of its images contributes to the spectacular results observed in its fields with deep learning. The application of deep learning which is making its debut in geology does not, to our knowledge, include a database of microscopic images of thin sections of open source rock minerals. In this paper, we evaluate three optimizers under the AlexNet architecture to check whether our acquired mineral images have object features or patterns that are clear and distinct to be extracted by a neural network. These are thin sections of magmatic rocks (biotite and 2-mica granite, granodiorite, simple granite, dolerite, charnokite and gabbros, etc.) which served as support. We use two hyper-parameters: the number of epochs to perform complete rounds on the entire data set and the “learning rate” to indicate how quickly the weights in the network will be modified during optimization. Using Transfer Learning, the three (3) optimizers all based on the gradient descent methods of Stochastic Momentum Gradient Descent (sgdm), Root Mean Square Propagation (RMSprop) algorithm and Adaptive Estimation of moment (Adam) achieved better performance. The recorded results indicate that the Momentum optimizer achieved the best scores respectively of 96.2% with a learning step set to 10−3 for a fixed choice of 350 epochs during this variation and 96, 7% over 300 epochs for the same value of the learning step. This performance is expected to provide excellent insight into image quality for future studies. Then they participate in the development of an intelligent system for the identification and classification of minerals, seven (7) in total (quartz, biotite, amphibole, plagioclase, feldspar, muscovite, pyroxene) and rocks.展开更多
In this work, we propose an original approach of semi-vectorial hybrid morphological segmentation for multicomponent images or multidimensional data by analyzing compact multidimensional histograms based on different ...In this work, we propose an original approach of semi-vectorial hybrid morphological segmentation for multicomponent images or multidimensional data by analyzing compact multidimensional histograms based on different orders. Its principle consists first of segment marginally each component of the multicomponent image into different numbers of classes fixed at K. The segmentation of each component of the image uses a scalar segmentation strategy by histogram analysis;we mainly count the methods by searching for peaks or modes of the histogram and those based on a multi-thresholding of the histogram. It is the latter that we have used in this paper, it relies particularly on the multi-thresholding method of OTSU. Then, in the case where i) each component of the image admits exactly K classes, K vector thresholds are constructed by an optimal pairing of which each component of the vector thresholds are those resulting from the marginal segmentations. In addition, the multidimensional compact histogram of the multicomponent image is computed and the attribute tuples or ‘colors’ of the histogram are ordered relative to the threshold vectors to produce (K + 1) intervals in the partial order giving rise to a segmentation of the multidimensional histogram into K classes. The remaining colors of the histogram are assigned to the closest class relative to their center of gravity. ii) In the contrary case, a vectorial spatial matching between the classes of the scalar components of the image is produced to obtain an over-segmentation, then an interclass fusion is performed to obtain a maximum of K classes. Indeed, the relevance of our segmentation method has been highlighted in relation to other methods, such as K-means, using unsupervised and supervised quantitative segmentation evaluation criteria. So the robustness of our method relatively to noise has been tested.展开更多
This paper presents a robust sixth-order Discrete-time Extended Sliding Mode Observer (DESMO) for sensorless control of PMSM in order to estimate the currents, speed, rotor position, load torque and stator resistance....This paper presents a robust sixth-order Discrete-time Extended Sliding Mode Observer (DESMO) for sensorless control of PMSM in order to estimate the currents, speed, rotor position, load torque and stator resistance. The satisfying simulation results on Simulink/Matlab environment for a 1.6 kW PMSM demonstrate the good performance and stability of the proposed ESMO algorithm against parameter variation, modeling uncertainty, measurement and system noises.展开更多
Anemia is a blood abnormality that affects the quantity and quality of red blood cells in the human body. This sometimes banal sign spares no continent and no social stratum. This anomaly is generally appreciated thro...Anemia is a blood abnormality that affects the quantity and quality of red blood cells in the human body. This sometimes banal sign spares no continent and no social stratum. This anomaly is generally appreciated through biological analyzes of patients</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">’</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> blood. These analyzes, which boil down to the knowledge of hemato-metric constants, cannot by themselves allow the characterization of certain forms of anemia in the sense that most anemia are related to the morphology and color of red blood cells. Our work in this paper is to perform blood smears on patients and perform a morphological and colorimetric analysis of red blood cells on these smears. This approach allowed us to highlight on each erythrocyte morphological and colorimetric descriptors to accurately identify the types of anemia by image processing methods. This identification is performed in an automated environment to allow pathologists to respond quickly to anemia-related emergencies and also improve the treatment to be conducted. This automation required the implementation of a new approach to electronic instrumentation and the acquisition of microscopic blood smear images for the automatic and rapid diagnosis of anemia.展开更多
Ferrimagnetic materials such as natural magnetite are used for practical applications because of their electronic, magnetic and catalytic properties in the degradation of organic compounds. In order to determine its p...Ferrimagnetic materials such as natural magnetite are used for practical applications because of their electronic, magnetic and catalytic properties in the degradation of organic compounds. In order to determine its physicochemical properties in relation to its catalytic activity, the natural magnetite of Ofoud Mount (Niger) is characterized by X-ray florescence (XRF), X-ray diffraction (DRX), specific surface area (BET) and Fourier transformed infrared (FTIR). The result shows an iron content of 97.09% and a specific surface area of 69.742 m<sup>2</sup>/g. The crystal structure of magnetite is cubic with lattice parameters <i>α</i> = <i>β</i> = <i>γ</i> = 90°, a (Å) = b (Å) = c (Å) = 8.3740. The results of this study suggest that the natural magnetite of Ofoud Mount can be used as iron source in various fields of science despite the presence of a few impurities that can improve its catalytic activity.展开更多
In a context of increasing competition and sustainable development, service prices and unused capacity enhancement play a crucial role in freight or people transportation management. The focus of the paper is on a Dia...In a context of increasing competition and sustainable development, service prices and unused capacity enhancement play a crucial role in freight or people transportation management. The focus of the paper is on a Dial-a-ride Problem in the Saharan country context, for the particular of Taxi “woro-woro”1. More precisely, these taxis help to transport groups of people without any affinity, from point A to point B without stopping. Also, we propose for this problem an exact solution based on a mix integer program (MIP). A secondary study on a random instance generation algorithm is presented, which allows us to have a diversified and varied benchmark on which to apply our MIP program.展开更多
Since 2015, Côte d’Ivoire has been the world’s largest cashew producer. However, cashew orchards in Côte d’Ivoire are infected by fungal diseases that weaken production. And the contribution of weeds to t...Since 2015, Côte d’Ivoire has been the world’s largest cashew producer. However, cashew orchards in Côte d’Ivoire are infected by fungal diseases that weaken production. And the contribution of weeds to the spread of these diseases is not yet understood. This study was initiated with the aim of establishing the role of weeds in the proliferation of pathogenic fungi in orchards. It consisted of a survey of weeds showing disease symptoms in cashew orchards in Côte d’Ivoire from February 2021 to July 2022. The itinerant method was used for the weed inventory. Symptomatic leaves were collected and sent to the laboratory for diagnosis on PDA (Potatoes Dextrose Agar) medium. In total, 50 species in 46 genera and 23 families were recorded. Laboratory diagnosis of the samples showed that 80% of the weeds identified harboured pathogenic fungi. The highest infection rates were obtained on Danielia oliveri R. (99.33% to 100%), Vitellaria paradoxa G. (100%), Pterocarpus erinaceus P. (83.91% to 99.33%), Micuna pruriens L. (98.33% to 100%) and Isoberlinia doka C. et S. (56.33% to 100%). The diagnosis revealed the presence of Lasiodiplodia sp, Colletotrichum sp, Pestalotia sp, Alternaria sp and Curvularia sp on weeds in the cashew orchard in Côte d’Ivoire.展开更多
To produce high-purity silica sand usable for glass making, the present study was carried out. The objective of this work was to increase the silicon dioxide (SiO<sub>2</sub>) content to at least 99% using...To produce high-purity silica sand usable for glass making, the present study was carried out. The objective of this work was to increase the silicon dioxide (SiO<sub>2</sub>) content to at least 99% using a simple process without chemical input. The raw sand samples were taken from the Ivorian sedimentary basin, from Maféré and Assinie areas, C<span style="white-space:nowrap;">ô</span>te d’Ivoire. Wet sieving and attrition technique were used for the purification process. The results from the energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS) analyses of the raw and treated samples show a significant increase of silica content and a significant reduction of impurities. The silica content (SiO<sub>2</sub>) of the sand of Maféré increases from 98.73% ± 0.15% to 99.92% ± 0.05%. And the sand of Assinie increased from 98.82% ± 0.67% in the raw samples to 99.44% ± 0.27% after treatment. The rate of iron oxide and alumina is reduced in these sands. Moreover, the sand of Maféré contains 53.2% of grains of size lower than 500 microns and that of Assinie contains 29.30%. Regarding the chemical composition of these purified sands, they meet the standard BS2975s, the American Ceramic Society and the National Bureau of Standards for window glass making.展开更多
In the last two decades the study of red blood cell elasticity using optical tweezers has known a rise appearing in the scientific research with regard to the various works carried out. Despite the various work done, ...In the last two decades the study of red blood cell elasticity using optical tweezers has known a rise appearing in the scientific research with regard to the various works carried out. Despite the various work done, no study has been done so far to study the influence of friction on the red blood cell indentation response using optical tweezers. In this study, we have developed a new approach to determine the coefficient of friction as well as the frictional forces of the red blood cell. This approach therefore allowed us to simultaneously carry out the indentation and traction test, which allowed us to extract the interfacial properties of the microbead red blood cell couple, among other things, the friction coefficient. This property would be extremely important to investigate the survival and mechanical features of cells, which will be of great physiological and pathological significance. But taking into account the hypothesis of friction as defined by the isotropic Coulomb law. The experiment performed for this purpose is the Brinell Hardness Test (DB).展开更多
In this work, lateral deformation of human eosinophil cell during the lateral indentation by an optically trapped microbead of diameter 4.5 µm is studied. The images were captured using a CCD camera and the Boltz...In this work, lateral deformation of human eosinophil cell during the lateral indentation by an optically trapped microbead of diameter 4.5 µm is studied. The images were captured using a CCD camera and the Boltzmann statistics method was used for force calibration. Using the Hertz model, we calculated and compared the elastic moduli resulting from the lateral force, showing that the differences are important and the force should be considered. Besides the lateral component, the setup also allows us to examine the lateral cell-bead interaction. The mean values of the properties obtained, in particular the elastic stiffness and the shear stiffness, were Eh = (37.76 ± 2.85) µN/m and Gh = (12.57 ± 0.32) µN/m. These results show that the lateral indentation can therefore be used as a routine method for cell study, because it enabled us to manipulate the cell without contact with the laser.展开更多
The solution we propose optimizes the energy inside the wireless sensor network (WSN) with higher performance. The WSN is composed of many sensors nodes which collect the information, treat that information then send ...The solution we propose optimizes the energy inside the wireless sensor network (WSN) with higher performance. The WSN is composed of many sensors nodes which collect the information, treat that information then send it to the base station. The information is received by the base station (BS) then data?are?sent to the users by that BS. The most important element in sensor node is energy, as the lifetime of wireless sensor network depends on the sensor node energy. So many researches had been made in order to improve this energy basing routing protocols. As a result, we are able to propose a solution that optimizes this energy. In this paper, we are presenting a new approach of selecting node sensor base on routing protocol and process to send data to the base station. This ameliorates wireless sensor network lifetime and increases?the transmission sensor node to base station.展开更多
文摘This article describes a pilot study aiming at generating social interactions between a humanoid robot and adolescents with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), through the practice of a gesture imitation game. The participants were a 17-year-old young lady with ASD and intellectual deficit, and a control participant: a preadolescent with ASD but no intellectual deficit (Asperger syndrome). The game is comprised of four phases: greetings, pairing, imitation, and closing. Field educators were involved, playing specific roles: visual or physical inciter. The use of a robot allows for catching the participants’ attention, playing the imitation game for a longer period of time than with a human partner, and preventing the game partner’s negative facial expressions resulting from tiredness, impatience, or boredom. The participants’ behavior was observed in terms of initial approach towards the robot, positioning relative to the robot in terms of distance and orientation, reactions to the robot’s voice or moves, signs of happiness, and imitation attempts. Results suggest a more and more natural approach towards the robot during the sessions, as well as a higher level of social interaction, based on the variations of the parameters listed above. We use these preliminary results to draw the next steps of our research work as well as identify further perspectives, with this aim in mind: improving social interactions with adolescents with ASD and intellectual deficit, allowing for better integration of these people into our societies.
文摘This paper proposes an efficient strategy for resource utilization in Elastic Optical Networks (EONs) to minimize spectrum fragmentation and reduce connection blocking probability during Routing and Spectrum Allocation (RSA). The proposed method, Dynamic Threshold-Based Routing and Spectrum Allocation with Fragmentation Awareness (DT-RSAF), integrates rerouting and spectrum defragmentation as needed. By leveraging Yen’s shortest path algorithm, DT-RSAF enhances resource utilization while ensuring improved service continuity. A dynamic threshold mechanism enables the algorithm to adapt to varying network conditions, while its fragmentation awareness effectively mitigates spectrum fragmentation. Simulation results on NSFNET and COST 239 topologies demonstrate that DT-RSAF significantly outperforms methods such as K-Shortest Path Routing and Spectrum Allocation (KSP-RSA), Load Balanced and Fragmentation-Aware (LBFA), and the Invasive Weed Optimization-based RSA (IWO-RSA). Under heavy traffic, DT-RSAF reduces the blocking probability by up to 15% and achieves lower Bandwidth Fragmentation Ratios (BFR), ranging from 74% to 75%, compared to 77% - 80% for KSP-RSA, 75% - 77% for LBFA, and approximately 76% for IWO-RSA. DT-RSAF also demonstrated reasonable computation times compared to KSP-RSA, LBFA, and IWO-RSA. On a small-sized network, its computation time was 8710 times faster than that of Integer Linear Programming (ILP) on the same network topology. Additionally, it achieved a similar execution time to LBFA and outperformed IWO-RSA in terms of efficiency. These results highlight DT-RSAF’s capability to maintain large contiguous frequency blocks, making it highly effective for accommodating high-bandwidth requests in EONs while maintaining reasonable execution times.
文摘This study aimed to investigate the effect of yam flour substitution (Dioscorea alata L.) and moringa powder in wheat bread on glycemic response. Glycemic index (GI) and glycemic load (GL) of pieces of bread were determined. A mixture plan design was used to determine the optimal formulation of bread made of yam flour, wheat flour and moringa powder. The mixture of 79.4% soft wheat flour, 20% yam flour and 0.6% moringa leaves powder has a good potential in bread preparation and was used in this study. 100% wheat bread was used as control. Postprandial blood glucose response (glycemic response) was evaluated with the glucose used as a reference food. Blood glucose responses were measured at different intervals for 2 hours. The results indicated that composite bread had low GI and GL values than wheat bread. Values are GI = 80 and GL = 61.2 for wheat bread and GI = 37.78 and GL = 29.65 for the composite bread. This study demonstrated that the inclusion of yam flour of moringa leaves powder in bread production might not pose a threat to blood glucose response compared to wheat bread. These pieces of bread could be included easily in diabetics’ and non-diabetics diet.
文摘The modern development in cloud technologies has turned the idea of cloud gaming into sensible behaviour. The cloud gaming provides an interactive gaming application, which remotely processed in a cloud system, and it streamed the scenes as video series to play through network. Therefore, cloud gaming is a capable approach, which quickly increases the cloud computing platform. Obtaining enhanced user experience in cloud gaming structure is not insignificant task because user anticipates less response delay and high quality videos. To achieve this, cloud providers need to be able to accurately predict irregular player workloads in order to schedule the necessary resources. In this paper, an effective technique, named as Fractional Rider Deep Long Short Term Memory (LSTM) network is developed for workload prediction in cloud gaming. The workload of each resource is computed based on developed Fractional Rider Deep LSTM network. Moreover, resource allocation is performed by fractional Rider-based Harmony Search Algorithm (Rider-based HSA). This Fractional Rider-based HSA is developed by combining Fractional calculus (FC), Rider optimization algorithm (ROA) and Harmony search algorithm (HSA). Moreover, the developed Fractional Rider Deep LSTM is developed by integrating FC and Rider Deep LSTM. In addition, the multi-objective parameters, namely gaming experience loss QE, Mean Opinion Score (MOS), Fairness, energy, network parameters, and predictive load are considered for efficient resource allocation and workload prediction. Additionally, the developed workload prediction model achieved better performance using various parameters, like fairness, MOS, QE, energy and delay. Hence, the developed Fractional Rider Deep LSTM model showed enhanced results with maximum fairness, MOS, QE of 0.999, 0.921, 0.999 and less energy and delay of 0.322 and 0.456.
文摘A semi-analytical approach for the pulsating solutions of the 3D complex Cubic-quintic Ginzburg-Landau Equation (CGLE) is presented in this article. A collective variable approach is used to obtain a system of variational equations which give the evolution of the light pulses parameters as a function of the propagation distance. The collective coordinate approach is incomparably faster than the direct numerical simulation of the propagation equation. This allows us to obtain, efficiently, a global mapping of the 3D pulsating soliton. In addition it allows describing the influence of the parameters of the equation on the various physical parameters of the pulse and their dynamics.
文摘This paper uses a robust feedback linearization strategy in order to assure a good dynamic performance, stability and a decoupling of the currents for Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor (PMSM) in a rotating reference frame (d, q). However this control requires the knowledge of certain variables (speed, torque, position) that are difficult to access or its sensors require the additional mounting space, reduce the reliability in harsh environments and increase the cost of motor. And also a stator resistance variation can induce a performance degradation of the system. Thus a sixth-order Discrete-time Extended Kalman Filter approach is proposed for on-line estimation of speed, rotor position, load torque and stator resistance in a PMSM. The interesting simulations results obtained on a PMSM subjected to the load disturbance show very well the effectiveness and good performance of the proposed nonlinear feedback control and Extended Kalman Filter algorithm for the estimation in the presence of parameter variation and measurement noise.
基金funded by the GFclim project(FEDER 2014–2020,Project GY0006894)an Investissement d’avenir grant of the ANR(CEBA:ANR-10-LABEX-0025)
文摘Background： Natural disturbance is a fundamental component of the functioning of tropical rainforests let to natural dynamics, with tree mortality the driving force of forest renewal. With ongoing global （i.e. land-use and climate） changes, tropical forests are currently facing deep and rapid modifications in disturbance regimes that may hamper their recovering capacity so that developing robust predictive model able to predict ecosystem resilience and recovery becomes of primary importance for decision-making： （i） Do regenerating forests recover faster than mature forests given the same level of disturbance？ （ii） is the local topography an important predictor of the post-disturbance forest trajectories？ （iii） Is the community functional composition, assessed with community weighted-mean functional traits, a good predictor of carbon stock recovery？ （iv） How important is the climate stress （seasonal drought and/or soil water saturation） in shaping the recovery trajectory？ Methods： Paracou is a large scale forest disturbance experiment set up in 1984 with nine 6.25 ha plots spanning on a large disturbance gradient where 15 to 60% of the initial forest ecosystem biomass were removed. More than 70,000 trees belonging to ca. 700 tree species have then been censused every 2 years up today. Using this unique dataset, we aim at deciphering the endogenous （forest structure and composition） and exogenous （local environment and climate stress） drivers of ecosystem recovery in time. To do so, we disentangle carbon recovery into demographic processes （recruitment, growth, mortality fluxes） and cohorts （recruited trees, survivors）. Results： Variations in the pre-disturbance forest structure or in local environment do not shape significantly the ecosystem recovery rates. Variations in the pre-disturbance forest composition and in the post-disturbance climate significantly change the forest recovery trajectory. Pioneer-rich forests have slower recovery rates than assemblages of late-successional species. Soil water saturation during the wet season strongly impedes ecosystem recovery but not seasonal drought. From a sensitivity analysis, we highlight the pre-disturbance forest composition and the post-disturbance climate conditions as the primary factors controlling the recovery trajectory. Conclusions＂ Highly-disturbed forests and secondary forests because they are composed of a lot of pioneer species will be less able to cope with new disturbance. In the context of increasing tree mortality due to both （i） severe droughts imputable to climate change and （ii） human-induced perturbations, tropical forest management should focus on reducing disturbances by developing Reduced Impact Logging techniques.
文摘The concentrations of cadmium, copper, lead and zinc in sediment samples from the Vridi Canal (Harbour area of economic capital of Cote d’Ivoire) were determined to evaluate the level of contamination. All metal concentrations in sediment samples, except Cu, were greater than the concentration of Upper Continental Crust (UCC). Sediment pollution assessment was undertaken by using Enrichment Factor (EF), geoaccumulation index (I<sub>geo</sub>) and Pollution Load Index (PLI). The enrichment factor (Cd: EF = 20.04;Pb: EF = 3.43;Zn: EF = 1.56) and géoaccumulation index (Cd: I<sub>geo</sub> = 4.29;Pb: I<sub>geo</sub> = 1.81) showed that the sediments were polluted. The Pollution Load Index (PLI > 1) indicated that the sediments of the studied area were heavily contaminated. Based on the comparison with sediment quality guidelines, the concentrations of cadmium, lead and zinc would be toxic to one or more species of aquatic organisms living in the sediments.
文摘Over the last decade, the rapid growth in traffic and the number of network devices has implicitly led to an increase in network energy consumption. In this context, a new paradigm has emerged, Software-Defined Networking (SDN), which is an emerging technique that separates the control plane and the data plane of the deployed network, enabling centralized control of the network, while offering flexibility in data center network management. Some research work is moving in the direction of optimizing the energy consumption of SD-DCN, but still does not guarantee good performance and quality of service for SDN networks. To solve this problem, we propose a new mathematical model based on the principle of combinatorial optimization to dynamically solve the problem of activating and deactivating switches and unused links that consume energy in SDN networks while guaranteeing quality of service (QoS) and ensuring load balancing in the network.
文摘The development of artificial intelligence (AI), particularly deep learning, has made it possible to accelerate and improve the processing of data collected in different fields (commerce, medicine, surveillance or security, agriculture, etc.). Most related works use open source consistent image databases. This is the case for ImageNet reference data such as coco data, IP102, CIFAR-10, STL-10 and many others with variability representatives. The consistency of its images contributes to the spectacular results observed in its fields with deep learning. The application of deep learning which is making its debut in geology does not, to our knowledge, include a database of microscopic images of thin sections of open source rock minerals. In this paper, we evaluate three optimizers under the AlexNet architecture to check whether our acquired mineral images have object features or patterns that are clear and distinct to be extracted by a neural network. These are thin sections of magmatic rocks (biotite and 2-mica granite, granodiorite, simple granite, dolerite, charnokite and gabbros, etc.) which served as support. We use two hyper-parameters: the number of epochs to perform complete rounds on the entire data set and the “learning rate” to indicate how quickly the weights in the network will be modified during optimization. Using Transfer Learning, the three (3) optimizers all based on the gradient descent methods of Stochastic Momentum Gradient Descent (sgdm), Root Mean Square Propagation (RMSprop) algorithm and Adaptive Estimation of moment (Adam) achieved better performance. The recorded results indicate that the Momentum optimizer achieved the best scores respectively of 96.2% with a learning step set to 10−3 for a fixed choice of 350 epochs during this variation and 96, 7% over 300 epochs for the same value of the learning step. This performance is expected to provide excellent insight into image quality for future studies. Then they participate in the development of an intelligent system for the identification and classification of minerals, seven (7) in total (quartz, biotite, amphibole, plagioclase, feldspar, muscovite, pyroxene) and rocks.
文摘In this work, we propose an original approach of semi-vectorial hybrid morphological segmentation for multicomponent images or multidimensional data by analyzing compact multidimensional histograms based on different orders. Its principle consists first of segment marginally each component of the multicomponent image into different numbers of classes fixed at K. The segmentation of each component of the image uses a scalar segmentation strategy by histogram analysis;we mainly count the methods by searching for peaks or modes of the histogram and those based on a multi-thresholding of the histogram. It is the latter that we have used in this paper, it relies particularly on the multi-thresholding method of OTSU. Then, in the case where i) each component of the image admits exactly K classes, K vector thresholds are constructed by an optimal pairing of which each component of the vector thresholds are those resulting from the marginal segmentations. In addition, the multidimensional compact histogram of the multicomponent image is computed and the attribute tuples or ‘colors’ of the histogram are ordered relative to the threshold vectors to produce (K + 1) intervals in the partial order giving rise to a segmentation of the multidimensional histogram into K classes. The remaining colors of the histogram are assigned to the closest class relative to their center of gravity. ii) In the contrary case, a vectorial spatial matching between the classes of the scalar components of the image is produced to obtain an over-segmentation, then an interclass fusion is performed to obtain a maximum of K classes. Indeed, the relevance of our segmentation method has been highlighted in relation to other methods, such as K-means, using unsupervised and supervised quantitative segmentation evaluation criteria. So the robustness of our method relatively to noise has been tested.
文摘This paper presents a robust sixth-order Discrete-time Extended Sliding Mode Observer (DESMO) for sensorless control of PMSM in order to estimate the currents, speed, rotor position, load torque and stator resistance. The satisfying simulation results on Simulink/Matlab environment for a 1.6 kW PMSM demonstrate the good performance and stability of the proposed ESMO algorithm against parameter variation, modeling uncertainty, measurement and system noises.
文摘Anemia is a blood abnormality that affects the quantity and quality of red blood cells in the human body. This sometimes banal sign spares no continent and no social stratum. This anomaly is generally appreciated through biological analyzes of patients</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">’</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> blood. These analyzes, which boil down to the knowledge of hemato-metric constants, cannot by themselves allow the characterization of certain forms of anemia in the sense that most anemia are related to the morphology and color of red blood cells. Our work in this paper is to perform blood smears on patients and perform a morphological and colorimetric analysis of red blood cells on these smears. This approach allowed us to highlight on each erythrocyte morphological and colorimetric descriptors to accurately identify the types of anemia by image processing methods. This identification is performed in an automated environment to allow pathologists to respond quickly to anemia-related emergencies and also improve the treatment to be conducted. This automation required the implementation of a new approach to electronic instrumentation and the acquisition of microscopic blood smear images for the automatic and rapid diagnosis of anemia.
文摘Ferrimagnetic materials such as natural magnetite are used for practical applications because of their electronic, magnetic and catalytic properties in the degradation of organic compounds. In order to determine its physicochemical properties in relation to its catalytic activity, the natural magnetite of Ofoud Mount (Niger) is characterized by X-ray florescence (XRF), X-ray diffraction (DRX), specific surface area (BET) and Fourier transformed infrared (FTIR). The result shows an iron content of 97.09% and a specific surface area of 69.742 m<sup>2</sup>/g. The crystal structure of magnetite is cubic with lattice parameters <i>α</i> = <i>β</i> = <i>γ</i> = 90°, a (Å) = b (Å) = c (Å) = 8.3740. The results of this study suggest that the natural magnetite of Ofoud Mount can be used as iron source in various fields of science despite the presence of a few impurities that can improve its catalytic activity.
文摘In a context of increasing competition and sustainable development, service prices and unused capacity enhancement play a crucial role in freight or people transportation management. The focus of the paper is on a Dial-a-ride Problem in the Saharan country context, for the particular of Taxi “woro-woro”1. More precisely, these taxis help to transport groups of people without any affinity, from point A to point B without stopping. Also, we propose for this problem an exact solution based on a mix integer program (MIP). A secondary study on a random instance generation algorithm is presented, which allows us to have a diversified and varied benchmark on which to apply our MIP program.
文摘Since 2015, Côte d’Ivoire has been the world’s largest cashew producer. However, cashew orchards in Côte d’Ivoire are infected by fungal diseases that weaken production. And the contribution of weeds to the spread of these diseases is not yet understood. This study was initiated with the aim of establishing the role of weeds in the proliferation of pathogenic fungi in orchards. It consisted of a survey of weeds showing disease symptoms in cashew orchards in Côte d’Ivoire from February 2021 to July 2022. The itinerant method was used for the weed inventory. Symptomatic leaves were collected and sent to the laboratory for diagnosis on PDA (Potatoes Dextrose Agar) medium. In total, 50 species in 46 genera and 23 families were recorded. Laboratory diagnosis of the samples showed that 80% of the weeds identified harboured pathogenic fungi. The highest infection rates were obtained on Danielia oliveri R. (99.33% to 100%), Vitellaria paradoxa G. (100%), Pterocarpus erinaceus P. (83.91% to 99.33%), Micuna pruriens L. (98.33% to 100%) and Isoberlinia doka C. et S. (56.33% to 100%). The diagnosis revealed the presence of Lasiodiplodia sp, Colletotrichum sp, Pestalotia sp, Alternaria sp and Curvularia sp on weeds in the cashew orchard in Côte d’Ivoire.
文摘To produce high-purity silica sand usable for glass making, the present study was carried out. The objective of this work was to increase the silicon dioxide (SiO<sub>2</sub>) content to at least 99% using a simple process without chemical input. The raw sand samples were taken from the Ivorian sedimentary basin, from Maféré and Assinie areas, C<span style="white-space:nowrap;">ô</span>te d’Ivoire. Wet sieving and attrition technique were used for the purification process. The results from the energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS) analyses of the raw and treated samples show a significant increase of silica content and a significant reduction of impurities. The silica content (SiO<sub>2</sub>) of the sand of Maféré increases from 98.73% ± 0.15% to 99.92% ± 0.05%. And the sand of Assinie increased from 98.82% ± 0.67% in the raw samples to 99.44% ± 0.27% after treatment. The rate of iron oxide and alumina is reduced in these sands. Moreover, the sand of Maféré contains 53.2% of grains of size lower than 500 microns and that of Assinie contains 29.30%. Regarding the chemical composition of these purified sands, they meet the standard BS2975s, the American Ceramic Society and the National Bureau of Standards for window glass making.
文摘In the last two decades the study of red blood cell elasticity using optical tweezers has known a rise appearing in the scientific research with regard to the various works carried out. Despite the various work done, no study has been done so far to study the influence of friction on the red blood cell indentation response using optical tweezers. In this study, we have developed a new approach to determine the coefficient of friction as well as the frictional forces of the red blood cell. This approach therefore allowed us to simultaneously carry out the indentation and traction test, which allowed us to extract the interfacial properties of the microbead red blood cell couple, among other things, the friction coefficient. This property would be extremely important to investigate the survival and mechanical features of cells, which will be of great physiological and pathological significance. But taking into account the hypothesis of friction as defined by the isotropic Coulomb law. The experiment performed for this purpose is the Brinell Hardness Test (DB).
文摘In this work, lateral deformation of human eosinophil cell during the lateral indentation by an optically trapped microbead of diameter 4.5 µm is studied. The images were captured using a CCD camera and the Boltzmann statistics method was used for force calibration. Using the Hertz model, we calculated and compared the elastic moduli resulting from the lateral force, showing that the differences are important and the force should be considered. Besides the lateral component, the setup also allows us to examine the lateral cell-bead interaction. The mean values of the properties obtained, in particular the elastic stiffness and the shear stiffness, were Eh = (37.76 ± 2.85) µN/m and Gh = (12.57 ± 0.32) µN/m. These results show that the lateral indentation can therefore be used as a routine method for cell study, because it enabled us to manipulate the cell without contact with the laser.
文摘The solution we propose optimizes the energy inside the wireless sensor network (WSN) with higher performance. The WSN is composed of many sensors nodes which collect the information, treat that information then send it to the base station. The information is received by the base station (BS) then data?are?sent to the users by that BS. The most important element in sensor node is energy, as the lifetime of wireless sensor network depends on the sensor node energy. So many researches had been made in order to improve this energy basing routing protocols. As a result, we are able to propose a solution that optimizes this energy. In this paper, we are presenting a new approach of selecting node sensor base on routing protocol and process to send data to the base station. This ameliorates wireless sensor network lifetime and increases?the transmission sensor node to base station.
