MicroRNAs(miRNAs) are pervasively expressed and regulate most biological functions. They function by modulating transcriptional and translational programs and therefore they orchestrate both physiological and patholog...MicroRNAs(miRNAs) are pervasively expressed and regulate most biological functions. They function by modulating transcriptional and translational programs and therefore they orchestrate both physiological and pathological processes, such as development, cell differentiation, proliferation, apoptosis and tumor growth. miRNAs work as small guide molecules in RNA silencing, by negatively regulating the expression of several genes both at mRNA and protein level, by degrading their mRNA target and/or by silencing translation. One of the most recent advances in the field is the comprehension of their role in oncogenesis. The number of miRNA genes is increasing and an alteration in the level of miRNAs is involved in the initiation, progression and metastases formation of several tumors. Some tumor types show a distinct miRNA signature that distinguishes them from normal tissues and from other cancer types. Genetic and biochemical evidence supports the essential role of miRNAs in tumor development. Although the abnormal expression of miRNAs in cancer cells is a widely accepted phenomenon, the cause of this dysregulation is still unknown. Here, we discuss the biogenesis of miRNAs, focusing on the mechanisms by which they regulate protein synthesis. In addition we debate on their role in cancer, highlighting their potential to become therapeutic targets.展开更多
The SARS-CoV-2 outbreaks highlighted the need for effective,reliable,fast,easy-to-do and cheap diagnostics procedures.We pragmatically experienced that an early positive-case detection,inevitably coupled with a mass v...The SARS-CoV-2 outbreaks highlighted the need for effective,reliable,fast,easy-to-do and cheap diagnostics procedures.We pragmatically experienced that an early positive-case detection,inevitably coupled with a mass vaccination campaign,is a milestone to control the COVID-19 pandemic.Gold nanoparticles(AuNPs)can indeed play a crucial role in this context,as their physicochemical,optics and electronics properties are being extensively used in photothermal therapy(PTT),radiation therapy(RT),drug delivery and diagnostic.AuNPs can be synthesized by several approaches to obtain different sizes and shapes that can be easily functionalized with many kinds of molecules such as antibodies,proteins,probes,and lipids.In addition,AuNPs showed high biocompatibility making them useful tool in medicine field.We thus reviewed here the most relevant evidence on AuNPs as effective way to detect the presence of SARS-CoV-2 antigens.We trust future diagnostic efforts must take this‘old-fashioned’nanotechnology tool into consideration for the development and commercialization of reliable and feasible detection kits.展开更多
文摘MicroRNAs(miRNAs) are pervasively expressed and regulate most biological functions. They function by modulating transcriptional and translational programs and therefore they orchestrate both physiological and pathological processes, such as development, cell differentiation, proliferation, apoptosis and tumor growth. miRNAs work as small guide molecules in RNA silencing, by negatively regulating the expression of several genes both at mRNA and protein level, by degrading their mRNA target and/or by silencing translation. One of the most recent advances in the field is the comprehension of their role in oncogenesis. The number of miRNA genes is increasing and an alteration in the level of miRNAs is involved in the initiation, progression and metastases formation of several tumors. Some tumor types show a distinct miRNA signature that distinguishes them from normal tissues and from other cancer types. Genetic and biochemical evidence supports the essential role of miRNAs in tumor development. Although the abnormal expression of miRNAs in cancer cells is a widely accepted phenomenon, the cause of this dysregulation is still unknown. Here, we discuss the biogenesis of miRNAs, focusing on the mechanisms by which they regulate protein synthesis. In addition we debate on their role in cancer, highlighting their potential to become therapeutic targets.
基金V.D.M.kindly acknowledges Programma Operativo Nazionale(PON)Ricerca e Innovazione 2014-20202014-azione IV.6“Contratti su tematiche green”-DM 1062/2021 for sponsoring her salary and work.L.R.kindly acknowledges the ERC-2019-StG(Grant No.850936)and Fondazione Cariplo(Grant No.2019-4278)for supporting his research activities.
文摘The SARS-CoV-2 outbreaks highlighted the need for effective,reliable,fast,easy-to-do and cheap diagnostics procedures.We pragmatically experienced that an early positive-case detection,inevitably coupled with a mass vaccination campaign,is a milestone to control the COVID-19 pandemic.Gold nanoparticles(AuNPs)can indeed play a crucial role in this context,as their physicochemical,optics and electronics properties are being extensively used in photothermal therapy(PTT),radiation therapy(RT),drug delivery and diagnostic.AuNPs can be synthesized by several approaches to obtain different sizes and shapes that can be easily functionalized with many kinds of molecules such as antibodies,proteins,probes,and lipids.In addition,AuNPs showed high biocompatibility making them useful tool in medicine field.We thus reviewed here the most relevant evidence on AuNPs as effective way to detect the presence of SARS-CoV-2 antigens.We trust future diagnostic efforts must take this‘old-fashioned’nanotechnology tool into consideration for the development and commercialization of reliable and feasible detection kits.
