Wellingborough,UK 2nd August 2011：Despite a very weak start to the year,IMS Research has recently increased its forecast for thefull year by more than 1 GWand predicts more than 22 GW of new PV capacity will
Fluids are considered the cornerstone of therapy for many shock states, particularly states that are associated with relative or absolute hypovolemia. Fluids are also commonly used for many other purposes, such as ren...Fluids are considered the cornerstone of therapy for many shock states, particularly states that are associated with relative or absolute hypovolemia. Fluids are also commonly used for many other purposes, such as renalprotection from endogenous and exogenous substances, for the safe dilution of medications and as "maintenance" fluids. However, a large amount of evidence from the last decade has shown that fluids can have deleterious effects on several organ functions, both from excessive amounts of fluids and from their non-physiological electrolyte composition. Additionally, fluid prescription is more common in patients with systemic inflammatory response syndrome whose kidneys may have impaired mechanisms of electrolyte and free water excretion. These processes have been studied as separate entities(hypernatremia, hyperchloremic acidosis and progressive fluid accumulation) leading to worse outcomes in many clinical scenarios, including but not limited to acute kidney injury, worsening respiratory function, higher mortality and higher hospital and intensive care unit lengthof-stays. In this review, we synthesize this evidence and describe this phenomenon as fluid and electrolyte overload with potentially deleterious effects. Finally, we propose a strategy to safely use fluids and thereafter wean patients from fluids, along with other caveats to be considered when dealing with fluids in the intensive care unit.展开更多
In real systems,the unpredictable jump changes of the random environment can induce the critical transitions(CTs)between two non-adjacent states,which are more catastrophic.Taking an asymmetric Lévy-noise-induced...In real systems,the unpredictable jump changes of the random environment can induce the critical transitions(CTs)between two non-adjacent states,which are more catastrophic.Taking an asymmetric Lévy-noise-induced tri-stable model with desirable,sub-desirable,and undesirable states as a prototype class of real systems,a prediction of the noise-induced CTs from the desirable state directly to the undesirable one is carried out.We first calculate the region that the current state of the given model is absorbed into the undesirable state based on the escape probability,which is named as the absorbed region.Then,a new concept of the parameter dependent basin of the unsafe regime(PDBUR)under the asymmetric Lévy noise is introduced.It is an efficient tool for approximately quantifying the ranges of the parameters,where the noise-induced CTs from the desirable state directly to the undesirable one may occur.More importantly,it may provide theoretical guidance for us to adopt some measures to avert a noise-induced catastrophic CT.展开更多
Wellingborough,UK26th July 2011：＇Smart＇PV inverter shipments are forecast to grow to 27 GW in 2015,accounting for almost 60% of the market compared to just 20% in 2010 according to
Pattern-recognition receptors,such as toll-like receptors(TLRs),detect a wide range of microbial products and initiate innate immune responses leading to the production of inflammatory mediators.In addition,TLR signal...Pattern-recognition receptors,such as toll-like receptors(TLRs),detect a wide range of microbial products and initiate innate immune responses leading to the production of inflammatory mediators.In addition,TLR signaling also activates expression of Notch target genes that play crucial roles in suppression of TLR-triggered inflammatory responses.However,whether TLR signaling pathways engaged by other classes of pattern-recognition receptors induce expression of Notch target genes remains unclear.Here we demonstrate that zymosan,a stimulus for TLR2 and dectin-1,strongly induces expression of multiple Notch target genes in both human and murine dendritic cells.Mechanistically,induction of Notch targets by zymosan is both TLR2-and Syk-dependent through activation of mitogen-activated protein kinases and the transcription factor c-Fos.Hence,our data reveals a novel mechanism that efficient induction of Notch target genes requires engagement of TLR and dectin-1/Syk signaling pathways.展开更多
文摘Wellingborough,UK 2nd August 2011：Despite a very weak start to the year,IMS Research has recently increased its forecast for thefull year by more than 1 GWand predicts more than 22 GW of new PV capacity will
文摘Fluids are considered the cornerstone of therapy for many shock states, particularly states that are associated with relative or absolute hypovolemia. Fluids are also commonly used for many other purposes, such as renalprotection from endogenous and exogenous substances, for the safe dilution of medications and as "maintenance" fluids. However, a large amount of evidence from the last decade has shown that fluids can have deleterious effects on several organ functions, both from excessive amounts of fluids and from their non-physiological electrolyte composition. Additionally, fluid prescription is more common in patients with systemic inflammatory response syndrome whose kidneys may have impaired mechanisms of electrolyte and free water excretion. These processes have been studied as separate entities(hypernatremia, hyperchloremic acidosis and progressive fluid accumulation) leading to worse outcomes in many clinical scenarios, including but not limited to acute kidney injury, worsening respiratory function, higher mortality and higher hospital and intensive care unit lengthof-stays. In this review, we synthesize this evidence and describe this phenomenon as fluid and electrolyte overload with potentially deleterious effects. Finally, we propose a strategy to safely use fluids and thereafter wean patients from fluids, along with other caveats to be considered when dealing with fluids in the intensive care unit.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.12072264)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities+3 种基金the Research Funds for Interdisciplinary Subject of Northwestern Polytechnical Universitythe Shaanxi Project for Distinguished Young Scholarsthe National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2018AAA0102201)the Shaanxi Provincial Key R&D Program(Nos.2020KW-013 and 2019TD-010)。
文摘In real systems,the unpredictable jump changes of the random environment can induce the critical transitions(CTs)between two non-adjacent states,which are more catastrophic.Taking an asymmetric Lévy-noise-induced tri-stable model with desirable,sub-desirable,and undesirable states as a prototype class of real systems,a prediction of the noise-induced CTs from the desirable state directly to the undesirable one is carried out.We first calculate the region that the current state of the given model is absorbed into the undesirable state based on the escape probability,which is named as the absorbed region.Then,a new concept of the parameter dependent basin of the unsafe regime(PDBUR)under the asymmetric Lévy noise is introduced.It is an efficient tool for approximately quantifying the ranges of the parameters,where the noise-induced CTs from the desirable state directly to the undesirable one may occur.More importantly,it may provide theoretical guidance for us to adopt some measures to avert a noise-induced catastrophic CT.
文摘Wellingborough,UK26th July 2011：＇Smart＇PV inverter shipments are forecast to grow to 27 GW in 2015,accounting for almost 60% of the market compared to just 20% in 2010 according to
基金supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China 31725010 and 31821003(XH),grant from the Shandong Provincial Natural Science Foundation,China ZR2017MC021(YS)funds from the Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences and Institute for Immunology at Tsinghua University(XH),funds from the Peak Discipline Construction Plan of Shandong Province and Shandong Agricultural University(YS),and grants from the NIH(BZ).
文摘Pattern-recognition receptors,such as toll-like receptors(TLRs),detect a wide range of microbial products and initiate innate immune responses leading to the production of inflammatory mediators.In addition,TLR signaling also activates expression of Notch target genes that play crucial roles in suppression of TLR-triggered inflammatory responses.However,whether TLR signaling pathways engaged by other classes of pattern-recognition receptors induce expression of Notch target genes remains unclear.Here we demonstrate that zymosan,a stimulus for TLR2 and dectin-1,strongly induces expression of multiple Notch target genes in both human and murine dendritic cells.Mechanistically,induction of Notch targets by zymosan is both TLR2-and Syk-dependent through activation of mitogen-activated protein kinases and the transcription factor c-Fos.Hence,our data reveals a novel mechanism that efficient induction of Notch target genes requires engagement of TLR and dectin-1/Syk signaling pathways.
