Metapontum Forest Reserve is an artificial formation located between mouths of Bradano and Basento river, it is composed prevalently of Aleppo pine (Pinus halepensis). In recent years, the Metapontum coast is characte...Metapontum Forest Reserve is an artificial formation located between mouths of Bradano and Basento river, it is composed prevalently of Aleppo pine (Pinus halepensis). In recent years, the Metapontum coast is characterized by a strong erosive process which has really removed the dune behind the beach moving in the inland and causing the decline of the historical pinewood. This negative effect on plant was induced by an increase in soil salinity, which is one of the major abiotic stresses. A clear understanding of the molecular mechanisms involved in plants response to salt stress is fundamentally important for plant biology. The salinity soil causes broad variety of physiological and biochemical processes, as oxidative damage, also has a negative effect on energy metabolism, which unavoidably resulted in a decreased ATP production through photophosphorylation and, thus, affected the Calvin cycle in photosynthesis. A proteomic approach was utilized to identify key protein which result to be directly responsive to salt stress. Total proteins were extracted from the leaves by a combination of TCA—acetone and phenol, and separated by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis at pH 5 - 8. Spots were stained with Coomassie Brilliant Blue and analyzed with the software PDQuest 8.0 (Bio-Rad) to identify differentially expressed polypeptides. Preliminary analysis revealed around 29 differentially expressed proteins, and they were sequenced by MALDI TOF and LC-MS/MS. Sequenced spots were classified in different functional classes.展开更多
Remote sensing(RS)technologies are extensively exploited by scientists and a vast audience of local authorities,urban managers,and city planners.Coastal regions,geohazard-prone areas,and highly populated cities repres...Remote sensing(RS)technologies are extensively exploited by scientists and a vast audience of local authorities,urban managers,and city planners.Coastal regions,geohazard-prone areas,and highly populated cities represent natural laboratories to apply RS technologies and test new methods.Over the last decades,many efforts have been spent on improving Earth’s surface monitoring,including intensifying Earth Observation(EO)operations by the major national space agencies.They oversee to plan and make operational constellations of satellite sensors providing the scientific community with extensive research and development opportunities in the geoscience field.For instance,within this framework,the European Space Agency(ESA)and the Ministry of Science and Technology of China(MOST)have sponsored,since the early 2000s,the DRAGON initiative jointly carried out by the European and Chinese RS scientific communities.This manuscript aims to provide a synthetic overview of some research activities and new methods recently designed and applied and trace the route for further developments.The main findings are related to i)the analysis of flood risk in China,ii)the potential of new methods for the estimation and removal of ground displacement biases in small-baseline oriented interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar(SAR)methods,iii)the analysis of the inundation risk in low-lying regions using coherent and incoherent SAR methods;and iv)the use of SAR-based technologies for marine applications.展开更多
To obtain a real-time image of atmospheric particulate matter (PM) in highly polluted areas and to understand how the anthropogenic component linked to urban activities (industrial activities, domestic heating, road t...To obtain a real-time image of atmospheric particulate matter (PM) in highly polluted areas and to understand how the anthropogenic component linked to urban activities (industrial activities, domestic heating, road traffic, waste disposal) can locally affect near-surface measurement of PM, several measurement campaigns were achieved in the Campania region (Southern Italy) using both Lidar and in-situ instruments. A comparison between the obtained results highlights a good correlation between the data and the potential of remote sensing instruments for air quality monitoring. Data analysis was performed in terms of particle backscattering coefficient profile at 355 nm, PM mass concentration, and size distribution. Wind profiles, which covered a range of altitudes from 40 m to 290 m, were also used to study sources and physical processes involved. Measurement carried out in a rural area with a landfill site highlighted the presence of a homogeneous particulate layer throughout the sounded area due to winds driving aerosol from the landfill to the surrounding areas. The size distribution in mass concentration, highlighted a modal diameter moving towards 0.9 and 2 μm with a larger mass concentration of particles in the morning, before noon and in the afternoon when a large number of trucks delivered solid wastes. Moreover, large concentrations of particulate matter were measured in a small urban town with few industrial activities which peak (211 ± 33 μg·m<sup>-</sup><sup>3</sup>) was measured in the direction of the most urbanized area, probably due to the lighting of the domestic heating systems. Bimodal size distribution in number concentration was measured, indicative of two types of atmospheric particles sources: gas and liquid combustion (particles with sizes below 80 nm), including vehicular traffic and domestic gas-heating, and biomass combustion (particles with sizes of the order of 200 - 500 nm). Finally, data collected in a highly populated and industrialized area highlights the presence of particles having a high level of spherical geometry (aerosol depolarization below 5%) pointing towards the industrial area. Conversely, the measurements performed pointing toward other directions highlighted a diffused source of aspherical particles (depolarization values of about 3%) spreading throughout all city territory. The work showed as the co-location of remote sensing and near surface instruments is a promising approach to studying aerosol properties in the atmospheric layers and has more accurate information on atmospheric dynamics. Moreover, the correlation between the obtained results highlighted the potential of remote sensing instruments for air quality monitoring.展开更多
In recent years,Representational State Transfer(REST)has been proposed as the architectural style for the World Wide Web.REST promises of scalability and simple deployment of Web Services seem to be particularly appea...In recent years,Representational State Transfer(REST)has been proposed as the architectural style for the World Wide Web.REST promises of scalability and simple deployment of Web Services seem to be particularly appealing for Earth and Space Science(ESS)applications.In fact,most of the available solutions for geospatial data sharing,applying standard interoperability specifications,require complex service-oriented infrastructures;these are powerful and extensible environments,but they usually result in difficult to deploy and manage for ESS research teams.Thus,ESS researchers would gain great benefit from an easy way of sharing geo-information using the international interoperability standards.The variety and complexity of geo-information sharing services poses several architectural issues;in fact these services encompass sensor planning and observation,coverages and features publication and retrieving,models and simulations running,data citation and annotation.Consequently,the adoption of a specific architectural style must be carefully evaluated against these specific requirements.In this work we analyse the existing geospatial services from an architectural perspective and investigate their possible RESTful implementation.Particular attention is paid to the OGC Web Coverage Service(WCS).Possible benefits and drawbacks,along with open issues and possible solutions are discussed.Our investigation suggests that REST may fit well to the typical ESS research usage cases.However,the architectural choice(e.g.Simple Object Access Protocol(SOAP)vs REST)will depend on a case-by-case analysis.Other important factors must be considered,such as the application context:a valuable example in point are the e-Business and e-Government application scenarios which require message based solutions-like those implemented by SOAP.In any case,there is a clear need for harmonization and reconciliation of these two approaches.展开更多
This literature review evaluates the absorption of methionine (Met) sources such as 2-hydroxy-4-methylthiobutyric acid (HMTBa), its calcium salts (HMTBa-Ca), and DL-methionine (DL-Met) by focusing on the state of know...This literature review evaluates the absorption of methionine (Met) sources such as 2-hydroxy-4-methylthiobutyric acid (HMTBa), its calcium salts (HMTBa-Ca), and DL-methionine (DL-Met) by focusing on the state of knowledge regarding the absorption mechanism, experimental methodology, and factors affecting their absorption. The 2 Met sources differ in mechanism and site of absorption due to differences in their chemical characteristics and enzymatic conversion. This review addresses diffusion- and transport-mediated absorption systems for amino acids and carboxylic compounds, best elucidated by in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo experimental models. Opportunities and limitations in the use of radioisotopes to depict absorption sites as well as host and microbial metabolism are described. Physiological and environmental conditions that lead to changes in gut absorptive capacity and the impact of Met source absorption are also evaluated. This review concludes that any comparison between HMTBa and DL-Met should consider their different behaviors during the absorption phase. Hence, the chemical characteristics of these 2 molecules entail different absorption sites and mechanisms, from passive absorption in the case of HMTBa and HMTBa-Ca to active transporters for DL-Met, HMTBa, and HMTBa-Ca. In addition, the different conversion modes of these 2 molecules further differentiate their absorption modes. Considering these important differences, it is easier to understand the apparent divergence between the conclusions of existing publications. When comparing these 2 molecules, it is recommended to properly adapt to the conditions under which the absorption of Met sources is evaluated.展开更多
Our publication on absorption of methionine sources(Becquet et al.,2023a)is a thorough analysis of 129 references dealing with absorption of sources of methionine,with the objective to critically evaluate the methodol...Our publication on absorption of methionine sources(Becquet et al.,2023a)is a thorough analysis of 129 references dealing with absorption of sources of methionine,with the objective to critically evaluate the methodologies used and their impact on the conclusions of the studies.As the focus of our publicationwas on the evaluation of absorption,efficacy studies and reports not having information on absorption were not considered(Elwert et al.,2008;Rychen et al.,2008).展开更多
WORLD HERITAGE AND SPACE TECHNOLOGY The Convention Concerning the Protection of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage(WHC),adopted by United Nations Educational,Scientific and Cultural Organization(UNESCO)on Novembe...WORLD HERITAGE AND SPACE TECHNOLOGY The Convention Concerning the Protection of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage(WHC),adopted by United Nations Educational,Scientific and Cultural Organization(UNESCO)on November 16,1972,aims to ensure the identification,protection,conservation,presentation,and transmission to future generations of the world’s cultural and natural heritage.The WHC works toward these goals by emphasizing the Outstanding Universal Value(OUV)of heritage sites and the unique contribution such places can make to conservation and human development agendas.1 As of the end of January 2023,theWHC has been signed by 194 state parties,covering 1,157 sites(including 900 cultural,218 natural,and 39 mixed properties),55 of which are considered to be in danger.These sites,totaling an area of more than 370 million hectares are designated as World Heritage(WH)sites(https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/).WH sites have played a significant role in the sustainable development of society globally and helped effectively maintain and preserve the cultural diversity and global biodiversity of the Earth.展开更多
文摘Metapontum Forest Reserve is an artificial formation located between mouths of Bradano and Basento river, it is composed prevalently of Aleppo pine (Pinus halepensis). In recent years, the Metapontum coast is characterized by a strong erosive process which has really removed the dune behind the beach moving in the inland and causing the decline of the historical pinewood. This negative effect on plant was induced by an increase in soil salinity, which is one of the major abiotic stresses. A clear understanding of the molecular mechanisms involved in plants response to salt stress is fundamentally important for plant biology. The salinity soil causes broad variety of physiological and biochemical processes, as oxidative damage, also has a negative effect on energy metabolism, which unavoidably resulted in a decreased ATP production through photophosphorylation and, thus, affected the Calvin cycle in photosynthesis. A proteomic approach was utilized to identify key protein which result to be directly responsive to salt stress. Total proteins were extracted from the leaves by a combination of TCA—acetone and phenol, and separated by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis at pH 5 - 8. Spots were stained with Coomassie Brilliant Blue and analyzed with the software PDQuest 8.0 (Bio-Rad) to identify differentially expressed polypeptides. Preliminary analysis revealed around 29 differentially expressed proteins, and they were sequenced by MALDI TOF and LC-MS/MS. Sequenced spots were classified in different functional classes.
基金supported by the DRAGON 5 ESA-MOST GREENISH project[grant number 58351].
文摘Remote sensing(RS)technologies are extensively exploited by scientists and a vast audience of local authorities,urban managers,and city planners.Coastal regions,geohazard-prone areas,and highly populated cities represent natural laboratories to apply RS technologies and test new methods.Over the last decades,many efforts have been spent on improving Earth’s surface monitoring,including intensifying Earth Observation(EO)operations by the major national space agencies.They oversee to plan and make operational constellations of satellite sensors providing the scientific community with extensive research and development opportunities in the geoscience field.For instance,within this framework,the European Space Agency(ESA)and the Ministry of Science and Technology of China(MOST)have sponsored,since the early 2000s,the DRAGON initiative jointly carried out by the European and Chinese RS scientific communities.This manuscript aims to provide a synthetic overview of some research activities and new methods recently designed and applied and trace the route for further developments.The main findings are related to i)the analysis of flood risk in China,ii)the potential of new methods for the estimation and removal of ground displacement biases in small-baseline oriented interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar(SAR)methods,iii)the analysis of the inundation risk in low-lying regions using coherent and incoherent SAR methods;and iv)the use of SAR-based technologies for marine applications.
文摘To obtain a real-time image of atmospheric particulate matter (PM) in highly polluted areas and to understand how the anthropogenic component linked to urban activities (industrial activities, domestic heating, road traffic, waste disposal) can locally affect near-surface measurement of PM, several measurement campaigns were achieved in the Campania region (Southern Italy) using both Lidar and in-situ instruments. A comparison between the obtained results highlights a good correlation between the data and the potential of remote sensing instruments for air quality monitoring. Data analysis was performed in terms of particle backscattering coefficient profile at 355 nm, PM mass concentration, and size distribution. Wind profiles, which covered a range of altitudes from 40 m to 290 m, were also used to study sources and physical processes involved. Measurement carried out in a rural area with a landfill site highlighted the presence of a homogeneous particulate layer throughout the sounded area due to winds driving aerosol from the landfill to the surrounding areas. The size distribution in mass concentration, highlighted a modal diameter moving towards 0.9 and 2 μm with a larger mass concentration of particles in the morning, before noon and in the afternoon when a large number of trucks delivered solid wastes. Moreover, large concentrations of particulate matter were measured in a small urban town with few industrial activities which peak (211 ± 33 μg·m<sup>-</sup><sup>3</sup>) was measured in the direction of the most urbanized area, probably due to the lighting of the domestic heating systems. Bimodal size distribution in number concentration was measured, indicative of two types of atmospheric particles sources: gas and liquid combustion (particles with sizes below 80 nm), including vehicular traffic and domestic gas-heating, and biomass combustion (particles with sizes of the order of 200 - 500 nm). Finally, data collected in a highly populated and industrialized area highlights the presence of particles having a high level of spherical geometry (aerosol depolarization below 5%) pointing towards the industrial area. Conversely, the measurements performed pointing toward other directions highlighted a diffused source of aspherical particles (depolarization values of about 3%) spreading throughout all city territory. The work showed as the co-location of remote sensing and near surface instruments is a promising approach to studying aerosol properties in the atmospheric layers and has more accurate information on atmospheric dynamics. Moreover, the correlation between the obtained results highlighted the potential of remote sensing instruments for air quality monitoring.
文摘In recent years,Representational State Transfer(REST)has been proposed as the architectural style for the World Wide Web.REST promises of scalability and simple deployment of Web Services seem to be particularly appealing for Earth and Space Science(ESS)applications.In fact,most of the available solutions for geospatial data sharing,applying standard interoperability specifications,require complex service-oriented infrastructures;these are powerful and extensible environments,but they usually result in difficult to deploy and manage for ESS research teams.Thus,ESS researchers would gain great benefit from an easy way of sharing geo-information using the international interoperability standards.The variety and complexity of geo-information sharing services poses several architectural issues;in fact these services encompass sensor planning and observation,coverages and features publication and retrieving,models and simulations running,data citation and annotation.Consequently,the adoption of a specific architectural style must be carefully evaluated against these specific requirements.In this work we analyse the existing geospatial services from an architectural perspective and investigate their possible RESTful implementation.Particular attention is paid to the OGC Web Coverage Service(WCS).Possible benefits and drawbacks,along with open issues and possible solutions are discussed.Our investigation suggests that REST may fit well to the typical ESS research usage cases.However,the architectural choice(e.g.Simple Object Access Protocol(SOAP)vs REST)will depend on a case-by-case analysis.Other important factors must be considered,such as the application context:a valuable example in point are the e-Business and e-Government application scenarios which require message based solutions-like those implemented by SOAP.In any case,there is a clear need for harmonization and reconciliation of these two approaches.
文摘This literature review evaluates the absorption of methionine (Met) sources such as 2-hydroxy-4-methylthiobutyric acid (HMTBa), its calcium salts (HMTBa-Ca), and DL-methionine (DL-Met) by focusing on the state of knowledge regarding the absorption mechanism, experimental methodology, and factors affecting their absorption. The 2 Met sources differ in mechanism and site of absorption due to differences in their chemical characteristics and enzymatic conversion. This review addresses diffusion- and transport-mediated absorption systems for amino acids and carboxylic compounds, best elucidated by in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo experimental models. Opportunities and limitations in the use of radioisotopes to depict absorption sites as well as host and microbial metabolism are described. Physiological and environmental conditions that lead to changes in gut absorptive capacity and the impact of Met source absorption are also evaluated. This review concludes that any comparison between HMTBa and DL-Met should consider their different behaviors during the absorption phase. Hence, the chemical characteristics of these 2 molecules entail different absorption sites and mechanisms, from passive absorption in the case of HMTBa and HMTBa-Ca to active transporters for DL-Met, HMTBa, and HMTBa-Ca. In addition, the different conversion modes of these 2 molecules further differentiate their absorption modes. Considering these important differences, it is easier to understand the apparent divergence between the conclusions of existing publications. When comparing these 2 molecules, it is recommended to properly adapt to the conditions under which the absorption of Met sources is evaluated.
基金supported by Fondo di Ateneo per la Ricerca 2019 FAR2019MARONGIU-Studio di sistemi alternativi di gestione della fase riproduttiva rispettosi della fisiologia e del benessere della coniglia-of University of Sassari。
文摘Our publication on absorption of methionine sources(Becquet et al.,2023a)is a thorough analysis of 129 references dealing with absorption of sources of methionine,with the objective to critically evaluate the methodologies used and their impact on the conclusions of the studies.As the focus of our publicationwas on the evaluation of absorption,efficacy studies and reports not having information on absorption were not considered(Elwert et al.,2008;Rychen et al.,2008).
基金supported by the Innovative Research Program of the International Research Center of Big Data for Sustainable Development Goals(grant CBAS2022IRP09)the Youth Innovation Promotion Association of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(grant 2023135).
文摘WORLD HERITAGE AND SPACE TECHNOLOGY The Convention Concerning the Protection of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage(WHC),adopted by United Nations Educational,Scientific and Cultural Organization(UNESCO)on November 16,1972,aims to ensure the identification,protection,conservation,presentation,and transmission to future generations of the world’s cultural and natural heritage.The WHC works toward these goals by emphasizing the Outstanding Universal Value(OUV)of heritage sites and the unique contribution such places can make to conservation and human development agendas.1 As of the end of January 2023,theWHC has been signed by 194 state parties,covering 1,157 sites(including 900 cultural,218 natural,and 39 mixed properties),55 of which are considered to be in danger.These sites,totaling an area of more than 370 million hectares are designated as World Heritage(WH)sites(https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/).WH sites have played a significant role in the sustainable development of society globally and helped effectively maintain and preserve the cultural diversity and global biodiversity of the Earth.
