An ICSED (Improved Cluster Shade Edge-Detection) algorithm and a series of post-processing technique are discussed for automatic delineation of mesoscale structure of the ocean on digital IR images. The popular deriva...An ICSED (Improved Cluster Shade Edge-Detection) algorithm and a series of post-processing technique are discussed for automatic delineation of mesoscale structure of the ocean on digital IR images. The popular derivative-based edge operators are shown to be too sensitive to edge fine-structure and to weak gradients. The new edge-detection algorithm is ICSED (Improved Cluster Shade Edge-detection) method and it is found to be an excel lent edge detector that exhibits the characteristic of fine-structure rejection while retaining edge sharpness. This char acteristic is highly desirable for analyzing oceanographic satellite images. A sorting technique for separating clouds or land well from ocean at both day and night is described in order to obtain high quality mesoscale features on the IR image This procedure is evaluated on an AVHRR (Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer) image with Kuroshio. Results and analyses show that the mesoscale features can be well identified by using ICSED algorithm.展开更多
Alcoholic liver disease(ALD) is a major cause of acute and chronic liver injury. Extensive evidence has been accumulated on the pathological process of ALD during the past decades. However, effective treatment options...Alcoholic liver disease(ALD) is a major cause of acute and chronic liver injury. Extensive evidence has been accumulated on the pathological process of ALD during the past decades. However, effective treatment options for ALD are very limited due to the lack of suitable in vivo models that recapitulate the full spectrum of ALD. Experimental animal models of ALD, particularly rodents, have been used extensively to mimic human ALD. An ideal animal model should recapitulate all aspects of the ALD process, including significant steatosis, hepatic neutrophil infiltration, and liver injury. A better strategy against ALD depends on clear diagnostic biomarkers, accurate predictor(s) of its progression and new therapeutic approaches to modulate stop or even reverse the disease. Numerous models employing rodent animals have been established in the last decades to investigate the effects of acute and chronic alcohol exposure on the initiation and progression of ALD. Although significant progress has been made in gaining better knowledge on the mechanisms and pathology of ALD, many features of ALD are unknown, and require further investigation, ideally with improved animal models that more effectively mimic human ALD. Although differences in the degree and stages of alcoholic liver injury inevitably exist between animal models and human ALD, the acquisition and translational relevance will be greatly enhanced with the development of new and improved animal models of ALD.展开更多
Objective To localize the language cortex associated with Chinese word processing by magnetic source imaging (MSI) Methods Eight right handed and one left handed healthy native Chinese subjects were examined by ...Objective To localize the language cortex associated with Chinese word processing by magnetic source imaging (MSI) Methods Eight right handed and one left handed healthy native Chinese subjects were examined by magnetoencephalography (MEG) and a 1 5T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) unit All subjects were given pure tone stimuli 50 times, 150 pairs of Chinese words (meaning related or unrelated) auditory stimuli, and pure tone stimuli subsequently 50 times Evoked response fields time locked to the pure tone and Chinese words were recorded using a whole head neuromagnetometer in real time The acquired data were averaged by the acquisition computer according to the response to the pure tone, related pairs of words and unrelated pairs of words The data obtained by MEG were superimposed on MRI, using a GE Signa 1 5T system Results MEG, showed there were two obviously higher magnetic waves named M50 and M100, which were localized in the bilateral transverse temporal gyri in all subjects The responses to the pairs of Chinese words (meaning related or unrelated) were similar in the same hemisphere of the same subjects There was a higher peak during 300-600 ms in the right hemisphere of one left handed subject, but no peak in the left hemisphere, indicating that the language dominant hemisphere was localized in the right hemisphere Superimposing the MEG data on MRI, the language area was localized in the Wernicke's areas A 300-600 ms response peak was obsarved in each hemisphere (the amplitude of the 300-600 ms response peak in each hemisphere was almost the same) in two right handed subjects, showing that the language area was localized in the 2 hemispheres in the two subjects There was one peak in each hemisphere (300-600 ms response) in 6 subjects, but the amplitude of the wave in the left hemisphere in the 6 subjects was much higher than that in the right hemisphere By choosing randomly from the later component (300-600 ms response) several time points and superimposing them on MRI, all time points were localized in the posterior part of the superior temporal gyri, which is the Wernicke's areas Conclusions Comparing with the later component of the bilateral hemispheres, the wave amplitude in the language dominant hemisphere was much higher than that in the non language dominant hemisphere The language areas could be identified by judging whether meanings of pairs of Chinese words were related or not展开更多
Catatonia is a psychomotor syndrome that can occur in a broad spectrum of brain disorders,including schizophrenia.Current findings suggest that the neurobiological process underlying catatonia symptoms in schizophreni...Catatonia is a psychomotor syndrome that can occur in a broad spectrum of brain disorders,including schizophrenia.Current findings suggest that the neurobiological process underlying catatonia symptoms in schizophrenia is poorly understood.However,emerging neuroimaging studies in catatonia patients have indicated that a disruption in anatomical connectivity of the cortico-striatal-cerebellar system is part of the neurobiology of catatonia,which could serve as a target of neurostimulation such as electroconvulsive therapy and repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation.展开更多
The incidence of new-onset cardiac conduction disturbances following transcatheter aortic valve implantation(TAVI)has not decreased compared to other complications,and nowadays is by far the most frequent drawback fol...The incidence of new-onset cardiac conduction disturbances following transcatheter aortic valve implantation(TAVI)has not decreased compared to other complications,and nowadays is by far the most frequent drawback following the procedure.Meanwhile,the global management of TAVI recipients has led to a minimalist approach with short postprocedural length of stay,which may be limited by the occurrence of late arrhythmic events in patients at high-risk.This review focuses on those strategies to overcome the conundrum between early discharge and new-onset conduction disturbances in elderly TAVI candidates and provides a perspective on future improvements in this field.展开更多
A weight of evidence is a calibrated statistic whose values in [0, 1]indicate the degree of agreement between the data and either of two hypothesis, one being treated asthe null (H_0) and the other as the alternative ...A weight of evidence is a calibrated statistic whose values in [0, 1]indicate the degree of agreement between the data and either of two hypothesis, one being treated asthe null (H_0) and the other as the alternative (H_1). A value of zero means perfect agreement withthe null, whereas a value of one means perfect agreement with the alternative. The optimality weconsider is minimal mean squared error (MSE) under the alternative while keeping the MSE under thenull below a fixed bound. This paper studies such statistics from a conditional point of view, inparticular for location and scale models.展开更多
The intricacies of Alzheimer’s disease pathogenesis are being increasingly illuminated by the exploration of epigenetic mechanisms,particularly DNA methylation.This review comprehensively surveys recent human-centere...The intricacies of Alzheimer’s disease pathogenesis are being increasingly illuminated by the exploration of epigenetic mechanisms,particularly DNA methylation.This review comprehensively surveys recent human-centered studies that investigate whole genome DNA methylation in Alzheimer’s disease neuropathology.The examination of various brain regions reveals distinctive DNA methylation patterns that associate with the Braak stage and Alzheimer’s disease progression.The entorhinal cortex emerges as a focal point due to its early histological alterations and subsequent impact on downstream regions like the hippocampus.Notably,ANK1 hypermethylation,a protein implicated in neurofibrillary tangle formation,was recurrently identified in the entorhinal cortex.Further,the middle temporal gyrus and prefrontal cortex were shown to exhibit significant hypermethylation of genes like HOXA3,RHBDF2,and MCF2L,potentially influencing neuroinflammatory processes.The complex role of BIN1 in late-onset Alzheimer’s disease is underscored by its association with altered methylation patterns.Despite the disparities across studies,these findings highlight the intricate interplay between epigenetic modifications and Alzheimer’s disease pathology.Future research efforts should address methodological variations,incorporate diverse cohorts,and consider environmental factors to unravel the nuanced epigenetic landscape underlying Alzheimer’s disease progression.展开更多
Background:This study aimed to determine the effect of different carbohydrate(CHO)doses on exercise capacity in patients with McArdle disease—the paradigm of“exercise intolerance”,characterized by complete muscle g...Background:This study aimed to determine the effect of different carbohydrate(CHO)doses on exercise capacity in patients with McArdle disease—the paradigm of“exercise intolerance”,characterized by complete muscle glycogen unavailability—and to determine whether higher exogenous glucose levels affect metabolic responses at the McArdle muscle cell(in vitro)level.Methods:Patients with McArdle disease(n=8)and healthy controls(n=9)underwent a 12-min submaximal cycling constant-load bout followed by a maximal ramp test 15 min after ingesting a non-caloric placebo.In a randomized,double-blinded,cross-over design,patients repeated the tests after consuming either 75 g or 150 g of CHO(glucose:fructose=2:1).Cardiorespiratory,biochemical,perceptual,and electromyographic(EMG)variables were assessed.Additionally,glucose uptake and lactate appearance were studied in vitro in wild-type and McArdle mouse myotubes cultured with increasing glucose concentrations(0.35,1.00,4.50,and 10.00 g/L).Results:Compared with controls,patients showed the“classical”second-wind phenomenon(after prior disproportionate tachycardia,myalgia,and excess electromyographic activity during submaximal exercise,all p<0.05)and an impaired endurance exercise capacity(-51%ventilatory threshold and55%peak power output,both p<0.001).Regardless of the CHO dose(p<0.05 for both doses compared with the placebo),CHO intake increased blood glucose and lactate levels,decreased fat oxidation rates,and attenuated the second wind in the patients.However,only the higher dose increased ventilatory threshold(+27%,p=0.010)and peak power output(+18%,p=0.007).In vitro analyses revealed no differences in lactate levels across glucose concentrations in wild-type myotubes,whereas a doseresponse effect was observed in McArdle myotubes.Conclusion:CHO intake exerts beneficial effects on exercise capacity in McArdle disease,a condition associated with total muscle glycogen unavailability.Some of these benefits are dose dependent.展开更多
1.The importance of immunomics in pediatric exercise research The profound effect that"acute"or"regular"exercise(i.e.,a single exercise session or repeated sessions over time,respectively)exerts on...1.The importance of immunomics in pediatric exercise research The profound effect that"acute"or"regular"exercise(i.e.,a single exercise session or repeated sessions over time,respectively)exerts on the immune system has been widely recognized.1 Acute exercise is largely"immuno-enhancing"(e.g.,it may even improve vaccine responses in"at-risk"patients),whereas regular exercise reduces the risk of chronic conditions(not only obesity,diabetes,or cardiovascular diseases,but also several types of cancer)partly due to its anti-inflammatory effects.展开更多
Gastroesophageal reflux disease(GERD)is defined by recurrent and troublesome heartburn and effortless regurgitation or by the specific complications of this condition—that is,esophagitis,esophageal peptic strictures,...Gastroesophageal reflux disease(GERD)is defined by recurrent and troublesome heartburn and effortless regurgitation or by the specific complications of this condition—that is,esophagitis,esophageal peptic strictures,and Barrett esophagus.1Although GERD is caused by gastric contents'reaching the esophagus,gastric juices can also reach other anatomical locations(pharynx,mouth,larynx,and airways),leading to(or worsening)extra-esophageal conditions(notably asthma)or symptoms(e.g.,wheezing,cough).1 Together with obesity,GERD is the main risk factor for gastroesophageal malignancies.展开更多
A recent special topic in the Journal of Sport and Health Science reported the health benefits conferred by traditional and innovative m-health exercise and multimodal programs with respect to several types of cancer....A recent special topic in the Journal of Sport and Health Science reported the health benefits conferred by traditional and innovative m-health exercise and multimodal programs with respect to several types of cancer.1 A possible mechanism behind this protective effect could be enhanced cancer immunosurveillance.展开更多
文摘An ICSED (Improved Cluster Shade Edge-Detection) algorithm and a series of post-processing technique are discussed for automatic delineation of mesoscale structure of the ocean on digital IR images. The popular derivative-based edge operators are shown to be too sensitive to edge fine-structure and to weak gradients. The new edge-detection algorithm is ICSED (Improved Cluster Shade Edge-detection) method and it is found to be an excel lent edge detector that exhibits the characteristic of fine-structure rejection while retaining edge sharpness. This char acteristic is highly desirable for analyzing oceanographic satellite images. A sorting technique for separating clouds or land well from ocean at both day and night is described in order to obtain high quality mesoscale features on the IR image This procedure is evaluated on an AVHRR (Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer) image with Kuroshio. Results and analyses show that the mesoscale features can be well identified by using ICSED algorithm.
基金the MINECO Retos,No.SAF2016-78711 and SAF2017-87919REXOHEP-CM,No.S2017/BMD-3727+8 种基金the AMMF Cholangiocarcinoma Charity,No.2018/117the COST Action,No.CA17112Ramón y Cajal,No.RYC-2014-15242 and No.RYC-2015-17438grant of ERAB,No.EA 14/18Gilead Liver Research Scholar 2018,No.44/2018Ministerio de Sanidad,Servicios Sociales e Igualdad,No.2017I065the UCM group “Lymphocyte Immunobiology”,No.920631(imas12-associated,Ref.IBL-6)German Research Foundation(SFB/TRR57/P04 and DFG NE 2128/2-1)Interdisciplinary Center for Clinical Research from the Faculty of Medicine at RWTH Aachen University(IZKF/E8-2)
文摘Alcoholic liver disease(ALD) is a major cause of acute and chronic liver injury. Extensive evidence has been accumulated on the pathological process of ALD during the past decades. However, effective treatment options for ALD are very limited due to the lack of suitable in vivo models that recapitulate the full spectrum of ALD. Experimental animal models of ALD, particularly rodents, have been used extensively to mimic human ALD. An ideal animal model should recapitulate all aspects of the ALD process, including significant steatosis, hepatic neutrophil infiltration, and liver injury. A better strategy against ALD depends on clear diagnostic biomarkers, accurate predictor(s) of its progression and new therapeutic approaches to modulate stop or even reverse the disease. Numerous models employing rodent animals have been established in the last decades to investigate the effects of acute and chronic alcohol exposure on the initiation and progression of ALD. Although significant progress has been made in gaining better knowledge on the mechanisms and pathology of ALD, many features of ALD are unknown, and require further investigation, ideally with improved animal models that more effectively mimic human ALD. Although differences in the degree and stages of alcoholic liver injury inevitably exist between animal models and human ALD, the acquisition and translational relevance will be greatly enhanced with the development of new and improved animal models of ALD.
文摘Objective To localize the language cortex associated with Chinese word processing by magnetic source imaging (MSI) Methods Eight right handed and one left handed healthy native Chinese subjects were examined by magnetoencephalography (MEG) and a 1 5T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) unit All subjects were given pure tone stimuli 50 times, 150 pairs of Chinese words (meaning related or unrelated) auditory stimuli, and pure tone stimuli subsequently 50 times Evoked response fields time locked to the pure tone and Chinese words were recorded using a whole head neuromagnetometer in real time The acquired data were averaged by the acquisition computer according to the response to the pure tone, related pairs of words and unrelated pairs of words The data obtained by MEG were superimposed on MRI, using a GE Signa 1 5T system Results MEG, showed there were two obviously higher magnetic waves named M50 and M100, which were localized in the bilateral transverse temporal gyri in all subjects The responses to the pairs of Chinese words (meaning related or unrelated) were similar in the same hemisphere of the same subjects There was a higher peak during 300-600 ms in the right hemisphere of one left handed subject, but no peak in the left hemisphere, indicating that the language dominant hemisphere was localized in the right hemisphere Superimposing the MEG data on MRI, the language area was localized in the Wernicke's areas A 300-600 ms response peak was obsarved in each hemisphere (the amplitude of the 300-600 ms response peak in each hemisphere was almost the same) in two right handed subjects, showing that the language area was localized in the 2 hemispheres in the two subjects There was one peak in each hemisphere (300-600 ms response) in 6 subjects, but the amplitude of the wave in the left hemisphere in the 6 subjects was much higher than that in the right hemisphere By choosing randomly from the later component (300-600 ms response) several time points and superimposing them on MRI, all time points were localized in the posterior part of the superior temporal gyri, which is the Wernicke's areas Conclusions Comparing with the later component of the bilateral hemispheres, the wave amplitude in the language dominant hemisphere was much higher than that in the non language dominant hemisphere The language areas could be identified by judging whether meanings of pairs of Chinese words were related or not
基金supported by the grant support of Fourth Military Medical University and National Natural Science Foundation of China (82271949)supported by Shanghai Sailing Pr ogr am (21YF1402400).
文摘Catatonia is a psychomotor syndrome that can occur in a broad spectrum of brain disorders,including schizophrenia.Current findings suggest that the neurobiological process underlying catatonia symptoms in schizophrenia is poorly understood.However,emerging neuroimaging studies in catatonia patients have indicated that a disruption in anatomical connectivity of the cortico-striatal-cerebellar system is part of the neurobiology of catatonia,which could serve as a target of neurostimulation such as electroconvulsive therapy and repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation.
文摘The incidence of new-onset cardiac conduction disturbances following transcatheter aortic valve implantation(TAVI)has not decreased compared to other complications,and nowadays is by far the most frequent drawback following the procedure.Meanwhile,the global management of TAVI recipients has led to a minimalist approach with short postprocedural length of stay,which may be limited by the occurrence of late arrhythmic events in patients at high-risk.This review focuses on those strategies to overcome the conundrum between early discharge and new-onset conduction disturbances in elderly TAVI candidates and provides a perspective on future improvements in this field.
基金Supported in part by a grant from the Swiss National Science Foundation.
文摘A weight of evidence is a calibrated statistic whose values in [0, 1]indicate the degree of agreement between the data and either of two hypothesis, one being treated asthe null (H_0) and the other as the alternative (H_1). A value of zero means perfect agreement withthe null, whereas a value of one means perfect agreement with the alternative. The optimality weconsider is minimal mean squared error (MSE) under the alternative while keeping the MSE under thenull below a fixed bound. This paper studies such statistics from a conditional point of view, inparticular for location and scale models.
文摘The intricacies of Alzheimer’s disease pathogenesis are being increasingly illuminated by the exploration of epigenetic mechanisms,particularly DNA methylation.This review comprehensively surveys recent human-centered studies that investigate whole genome DNA methylation in Alzheimer’s disease neuropathology.The examination of various brain regions reveals distinctive DNA methylation patterns that associate with the Braak stage and Alzheimer’s disease progression.The entorhinal cortex emerges as a focal point due to its early histological alterations and subsequent impact on downstream regions like the hippocampus.Notably,ANK1 hypermethylation,a protein implicated in neurofibrillary tangle formation,was recurrently identified in the entorhinal cortex.Further,the middle temporal gyrus and prefrontal cortex were shown to exhibit significant hypermethylation of genes like HOXA3,RHBDF2,and MCF2L,potentially influencing neuroinflammatory processes.The complex role of BIN1 in late-onset Alzheimer’s disease is underscored by its association with altered methylation patterns.Despite the disparities across studies,these findings highlight the intricate interplay between epigenetic modifications and Alzheimer’s disease pathology.Future research efforts should address methodological variations,incorporate diverse cohorts,and consider environmental factors to unravel the nuanced epigenetic landscape underlying Alzheimer’s disease progression.
基金supported by a Sara Borrell postdoctoral contract granted by Instituto de Salud Carlos III(CD21/00138).PLV,DB-G and AL are funded by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness and Fondos Feder(Alejandro Lucia,Grant No.PI18/00139)TP is funded by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness and Fondos Feder(Tomas Pinos,Grant No.PI22/00201).
文摘Background:This study aimed to determine the effect of different carbohydrate(CHO)doses on exercise capacity in patients with McArdle disease—the paradigm of“exercise intolerance”,characterized by complete muscle glycogen unavailability—and to determine whether higher exogenous glucose levels affect metabolic responses at the McArdle muscle cell(in vitro)level.Methods:Patients with McArdle disease(n=8)and healthy controls(n=9)underwent a 12-min submaximal cycling constant-load bout followed by a maximal ramp test 15 min after ingesting a non-caloric placebo.In a randomized,double-blinded,cross-over design,patients repeated the tests after consuming either 75 g or 150 g of CHO(glucose:fructose=2:1).Cardiorespiratory,biochemical,perceptual,and electromyographic(EMG)variables were assessed.Additionally,glucose uptake and lactate appearance were studied in vitro in wild-type and McArdle mouse myotubes cultured with increasing glucose concentrations(0.35,1.00,4.50,and 10.00 g/L).Results:Compared with controls,patients showed the“classical”second-wind phenomenon(after prior disproportionate tachycardia,myalgia,and excess electromyographic activity during submaximal exercise,all p<0.05)and an impaired endurance exercise capacity(-51%ventilatory threshold and55%peak power output,both p<0.001).Regardless of the CHO dose(p<0.05 for both doses compared with the placebo),CHO intake increased blood glucose and lactate levels,decreased fat oxidation rates,and attenuated the second wind in the patients.However,only the higher dose increased ventilatory threshold(+27%,p=0.010)and peak power output(+18%,p=0.007).In vitro analyses revealed no differences in lactate levels across glucose concentrations in wild-type myotubes,whereas a doseresponse effect was observed in McArdle myotubes.Conclusion:CHO intake exerts beneficial effects on exercise capacity in McArdle disease,a condition associated with total muscle glycogen unavailability.Some of these benefits are dose dependent.
基金supported in part by NIH grant#U01 TR002004(REACH project)funded by the Wereld Kanker Onderzoek Fonds(WKOF)as part of the World Cancer Research Fund International grant program+1 种基金the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation(Fondo de Investigaciones Sanitarias(FIS))Fondos FEDER(grant number ssPI18/00139)。
文摘1.The importance of immunomics in pediatric exercise research The profound effect that"acute"or"regular"exercise(i.e.,a single exercise session or repeated sessions over time,respectively)exerts on the immune system has been widely recognized.1 Acute exercise is largely"immuno-enhancing"(e.g.,it may even improve vaccine responses in"at-risk"patients),whereas regular exercise reduces the risk of chronic conditions(not only obesity,diabetes,or cardiovascular diseases,but also several types of cancer)partly due to its anti-inflammatory effects.
文摘Gastroesophageal reflux disease(GERD)is defined by recurrent and troublesome heartburn and effortless regurgitation or by the specific complications of this condition—that is,esophagitis,esophageal peptic strictures,and Barrett esophagus.1Although GERD is caused by gastric contents'reaching the esophagus,gastric juices can also reach other anatomical locations(pharynx,mouth,larynx,and airways),leading to(or worsening)extra-esophageal conditions(notably asthma)or symptoms(e.g.,wheezing,cough).1 Together with obesity,GERD is the main risk factor for gastroesophageal malignancies.
基金supported in part by NIH Grant No.U01 TR002004(REACH project)funded by the Wereld Kanker Onderzoek Fonds(WKOF)as part of the World Cancer Research Fund International grant program+5 种基金the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation(Fondo de Investigaciones Sanitarias(FIS))Fondos FEDER(Grant No.ssPI 18/00139)Fondos FEDER(Grants No.PI20/00645,PI23/00396,and FORT23/00023)funded by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation(FIS)the Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovacion(Grant No.CNS2023-144144)a Miguel Servet postdoctoral contract granted by Instituto de Salud CarlosⅢ(CP18/00034)。
文摘A recent special topic in the Journal of Sport and Health Science reported the health benefits conferred by traditional and innovative m-health exercise and multimodal programs with respect to several types of cancer.1 A possible mechanism behind this protective effect could be enhanced cancer immunosurveillance.
