Renewable energy is clearly a very important topic nowadays. The risk and the damage that could be caused by conventional energy resources cannot be hidden. There is an enormous need that people start formulating a be...Renewable energy is clearly a very important topic nowadays. The risk and the damage that could be caused by conventional energy resources cannot be hidden. There is an enormous need that people start formulating a better attitude towards renewable energy and change their consumption behaviour. Otherwise, the future of environment and the coming generations is defiantly not going to be promising. This paper will discuss the importance of sustainable energy and how the energy related behaviour is created. It will present a framework to influence the current behaviour and push it to be more green oriented. It is also important to know till what limit are governments responsible in this change, and what are the tools that they have to push towards green direction.展开更多
Diabetes mellitus is the chronic disorder emerging as major world health problem which increases the rate of morbidity and mortality. The aim of the present study was to ascertain patterns of prescription of oral hypo...Diabetes mellitus is the chronic disorder emerging as major world health problem which increases the rate of morbidity and mortality. The aim of the present study was to ascertain patterns of prescription of oral hypoglycemic agents to type 2 diabetic patients attending a university hospital, and to assess patient compliance. A prospective, observational and non comparative study was conducted in 200 established diabetes mellitus type 2 patients attending outpatient department at Majeedia Hospital, New Delhi, India. Prescriptions from registered patients were included in the study. Once the consultation by the physician was over, the prescriptions were reviewed and the patients were interviewed. The information was collected in an inhouse designed documentation proforma. In a pool of 200 type 2 diabetics, more than half were female (n=106, 53%). The mean age of the patients were found to be 50.4 ± 11.7 years and mean body mass index, 25.8 ± 4.4 kg/m2. A total of 432 oral hypoglycemic agents were prescribed to the patients. Highly significant number of patients were prescribed combination therapy, (n=143, 71.5%) as compared to monotherapy (n=57, 28.5%),展开更多
Over the past few decades, there has been a revolution in ICT, and this has led to the evolution of wireless sensor networks （WSN）, in particular, wireless body area networks. Such networks comprise a specialized co...Over the past few decades, there has been a revolution in ICT, and this has led to the evolution of wireless sensor networks （WSN）, in particular, wireless body area networks. Such networks comprise a specialized collection of sensor nodes （SNs） that may be deployed randomly in a body area network to collect data from the human body. In a health monitoring system, it may be es-sential to maintain constant environmental conditions within a specific area in the hospital. In this paper, we propose a tempera-ture-monitoring system and describe a case study of a health-monitoring system for patents critically ill with the same disease and in the same environment. We propose Enhanced LEACH Selective Cluster （E-LEACH-SC） routing protocol for monitoring the tem-perature of an area in a hospital. We modified existing Selective Cluster LEACH protocol by using a fixed-distance-based thresh-old to divide the coverage region in two subregions. Direct data transmission and selective cluster-based data transmission ap-proaches were used to provide short-range and long-distance coverage for the collection of data from the body of ill patients. Ex-tensive simulations were run by varying the ratio of node densities of the two subregions in the health-monitoring system. Last Node Alive （LNA）, which is a measure of network lifespan, was the parameter for evaluating the performance of the proposed scheme. The simulation results show that the proposed scheme significantly increases network lifespan compared with traditional LEACH and LEACH-SC protocols, which by themselves improve the overall performance of the health-monitoring system.展开更多
Transmission of electromagnetic waves through a Si-based one dimensional photonic crystal has been investigated. The proposed structure works as an omni-directional reflector for a certain range of wavelength for an a...Transmission of electromagnetic waves through a Si-based one dimensional photonic crystal has been investigated. The proposed structure works as an omni-directional reflector for a certain range of wavelength for an angle of incidence up to 55?. The structure works as a narrow band TM-polarization filter for an angle of incidence more than 55?, i.e. a filter which completely blocks TE-polarized waves but allows certain wavelengths of TM-polarized waves. But at an angle of incidence of 89?, the structure works as a multiple narrow band TM-polarization filter even though no defect layer is introduced inside the structure. It is also found that this multiple narrow pass-bands of TM-polarized waves can be tuned to a desired range of wavelength by changing the temperature of the structure.展开更多
Objective:To investigate the potential of hydro-alcoholic extract of Gentiana lutea roots(GLE)in scopolamine-induced amnesia model in mice.Methods:The active chemical constituents were determined by GC-MS analysis.In ...Objective:To investigate the potential of hydro-alcoholic extract of Gentiana lutea roots(GLE)in scopolamine-induced amnesia model in mice.Methods:The active chemical constituents were determined by GC-MS analysis.In vitro antioxidant activity was performed by the DPPH free radical scavenging method.Ex vivo anti-acetylcholinesterase assay was conducted to investigate the effect on the cholinergic system.A scopolamine-induced memory impairment model was used.The levels of beta-amyloid(Aβ)and tau protein were measured.The behavioral studies were performed through Morris water maze and passive avoidance learning tests,followed by estimation of biochemical markers(GSH and MDA),immunohistochemistry,and histopathological studies on isolated brain tissues.Results:GLE exhibited DPPH free radical scavenging activity with an IC50 value of(76.68±2.28)μg/mL.GLE also manifested inhibitory effect on acetylcholinesterase[IC50(36.58±0.73)μg/mL]to upregulate the cholinergic system.GLE at 200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg significantly restored the memory impairment induced by scopolamine.GLE at 200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg significantly reduced brain oxidative stress(P<0.001).Immunohistochemistry investigation showed a significant reduction in Aβdeposition and p-tau protein expression in the GLE treatment groups(P<0.001).Administration of GLE effectively reduced scopolamine-induced neuronal damage in a dose-dependent manner.Conclusions:The study demonstrates that GLE ameliorates scopolamine-induced memory impairment by alleviating Aβ/p-tau protein accumulation and upregulation in the cholinergic system to improve cognitive dysfunction and behavioral problems.展开更多
In this extensive investigation,the impact of borax decahydrate as a fuel additive in a diesel single-cylinder engine was rigorously examined.Borax decahydrate was introduced at concentrations of 5,15,25 and 35 g in 5...In this extensive investigation,the impact of borax decahydrate as a fuel additive in a diesel single-cylinder engine was rigorously examined.Borax decahydrate was introduced at concentrations of 5,15,25 and 35 g in 500 ml of biodiesel,forming five unique fuel mixtures with conventional diesel:90%diesel+10%spirulina biodiesel(SB10),SB10+1 g borax decahydrate(SB10B1),SB10+3 g borax decahydrate(SB10B3),SB10+5 g borax decahydrate(SB10B5)and SB10+7 g borax decahydrate(SB10B7).The investigation encompassed four diverse loading conditions and yielded insightful findings.Notably,at full load,SB10B3 exhibited a higher cylinder peak pressure than diesel,reaching 69.25 bar.Heat release rate profiles demonstrated superior efficiency for SB10 at 50%load,with a cumulative heat release rate of 950 J/°CA,which is lower than the 1050 J/°CA of diesel.Knock intensity(KI)evaluations revealed that,although SB10 and SB10B1 exhibited higher KI than diesel at full load due to elevated peak pressure,SB10B7 showed no knocking across all loads,indicative of reduced in-cylinder combustion.This meticulous numerical analysis emphasizes the potential of borax decahydrate as a catalyst and enhancer,providing valuable insights into the combustion dynamics of these alternative fuel blends and their viability for sustainable and efficient engine performance.In summary,out of all the blends,SB10B3 could be a potential diesel fuel replacement fuel for compression-ignition engines.展开更多
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)is now the most common cause of chronic liver disease worldwide,affecting almost a quarter of the world population(1,2),and is a main cause of severe hepatic complications such a...Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)is now the most common cause of chronic liver disease worldwide,affecting almost a quarter of the world population(1,2),and is a main cause of severe hepatic complications such as cirrhosis and liver cancer.In histological assessment NAFLD and alcoholic liver disease(ALD)are difficult to distinguish;NAFLD diagnosis thus requires a limit of alcohol intake.However,NAFLD and ALD very frequently coexist in the same patient.展开更多
Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)is the sixth most common cancer and the second leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide(1).Unfortunately,the incidence and mortality of HCC are increasing steadily in formerly low-r...Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)is the sixth most common cancer and the second leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide(1).Unfortunately,the incidence and mortality of HCC are increasing steadily in formerly low-risk countries(2).Although the contribution of patients infected with hepatitis B virus(HBV)and hepatitis C virus(HCV)has dramatically decreased due to the use of highly effective antiviral agents,increasing epidemiologic evidence indicates a link between non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)and the risk of HCC(1).It is important to highlight that the prevalence of NAFLD has increased in parallel with the obesity,metabolic syndrome,and type 2 diabetes mellitus pandemic.Among patients with NAFLD,the incidence of HCC is around 0.44 per 1,000 person-years(3).展开更多
文摘Renewable energy is clearly a very important topic nowadays. The risk and the damage that could be caused by conventional energy resources cannot be hidden. There is an enormous need that people start formulating a better attitude towards renewable energy and change their consumption behaviour. Otherwise, the future of environment and the coming generations is defiantly not going to be promising. This paper will discuss the importance of sustainable energy and how the energy related behaviour is created. It will present a framework to influence the current behaviour and push it to be more green oriented. It is also important to know till what limit are governments responsible in this change, and what are the tools that they have to push towards green direction.
文摘Diabetes mellitus is the chronic disorder emerging as major world health problem which increases the rate of morbidity and mortality. The aim of the present study was to ascertain patterns of prescription of oral hypoglycemic agents to type 2 diabetic patients attending a university hospital, and to assess patient compliance. A prospective, observational and non comparative study was conducted in 200 established diabetes mellitus type 2 patients attending outpatient department at Majeedia Hospital, New Delhi, India. Prescriptions from registered patients were included in the study. Once the consultation by the physician was over, the prescriptions were reviewed and the patients were interviewed. The information was collected in an inhouse designed documentation proforma. In a pool of 200 type 2 diabetics, more than half were female (n=106, 53%). The mean age of the patients were found to be 50.4 ± 11.7 years and mean body mass index, 25.8 ± 4.4 kg/m2. A total of 432 oral hypoglycemic agents were prescribed to the patients. Highly significant number of patients were prescribed combination therapy, (n=143, 71.5%) as compared to monotherapy (n=57, 28.5%),
基金partially supported by Instituto de Telecomunicaōes, Next Generation Networks and Applications Group (Net GNA), Covilh Delegation,by Government of Russian Federation, Grant 074-U01National Funding from the FCT-Fundao para a Ciência e Tecnologia through the Pest-OE/EEI/LA0008/2013 Project
文摘Over the past few decades, there has been a revolution in ICT, and this has led to the evolution of wireless sensor networks （WSN）, in particular, wireless body area networks. Such networks comprise a specialized collection of sensor nodes （SNs） that may be deployed randomly in a body area network to collect data from the human body. In a health monitoring system, it may be es-sential to maintain constant environmental conditions within a specific area in the hospital. In this paper, we propose a tempera-ture-monitoring system and describe a case study of a health-monitoring system for patents critically ill with the same disease and in the same environment. We propose Enhanced LEACH Selective Cluster （E-LEACH-SC） routing protocol for monitoring the tem-perature of an area in a hospital. We modified existing Selective Cluster LEACH protocol by using a fixed-distance-based thresh-old to divide the coverage region in two subregions. Direct data transmission and selective cluster-based data transmission ap-proaches were used to provide short-range and long-distance coverage for the collection of data from the body of ill patients. Ex-tensive simulations were run by varying the ratio of node densities of the two subregions in the health-monitoring system. Last Node Alive （LNA）, which is a measure of network lifespan, was the parameter for evaluating the performance of the proposed scheme. The simulation results show that the proposed scheme significantly increases network lifespan compared with traditional LEACH and LEACH-SC protocols, which by themselves improve the overall performance of the health-monitoring system.
文摘Transmission of electromagnetic waves through a Si-based one dimensional photonic crystal has been investigated. The proposed structure works as an omni-directional reflector for a certain range of wavelength for an angle of incidence up to 55?. The structure works as a narrow band TM-polarization filter for an angle of incidence more than 55?, i.e. a filter which completely blocks TE-polarized waves but allows certain wavelengths of TM-polarized waves. But at an angle of incidence of 89?, the structure works as a multiple narrow band TM-polarization filter even though no defect layer is introduced inside the structure. It is also found that this multiple narrow pass-bands of TM-polarized waves can be tuned to a desired range of wavelength by changing the temperature of the structure.
文摘Objective:To investigate the potential of hydro-alcoholic extract of Gentiana lutea roots(GLE)in scopolamine-induced amnesia model in mice.Methods:The active chemical constituents were determined by GC-MS analysis.In vitro antioxidant activity was performed by the DPPH free radical scavenging method.Ex vivo anti-acetylcholinesterase assay was conducted to investigate the effect on the cholinergic system.A scopolamine-induced memory impairment model was used.The levels of beta-amyloid(Aβ)and tau protein were measured.The behavioral studies were performed through Morris water maze and passive avoidance learning tests,followed by estimation of biochemical markers(GSH and MDA),immunohistochemistry,and histopathological studies on isolated brain tissues.Results:GLE exhibited DPPH free radical scavenging activity with an IC50 value of(76.68±2.28)μg/mL.GLE also manifested inhibitory effect on acetylcholinesterase[IC50(36.58±0.73)μg/mL]to upregulate the cholinergic system.GLE at 200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg significantly restored the memory impairment induced by scopolamine.GLE at 200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg significantly reduced brain oxidative stress(P<0.001).Immunohistochemistry investigation showed a significant reduction in Aβdeposition and p-tau protein expression in the GLE treatment groups(P<0.001).Administration of GLE effectively reduced scopolamine-induced neuronal damage in a dose-dependent manner.Conclusions:The study demonstrates that GLE ameliorates scopolamine-induced memory impairment by alleviating Aβ/p-tau protein accumulation and upregulation in the cholinergic system to improve cognitive dysfunction and behavioral problems.
文摘In this extensive investigation,the impact of borax decahydrate as a fuel additive in a diesel single-cylinder engine was rigorously examined.Borax decahydrate was introduced at concentrations of 5,15,25 and 35 g in 500 ml of biodiesel,forming five unique fuel mixtures with conventional diesel:90%diesel+10%spirulina biodiesel(SB10),SB10+1 g borax decahydrate(SB10B1),SB10+3 g borax decahydrate(SB10B3),SB10+5 g borax decahydrate(SB10B5)and SB10+7 g borax decahydrate(SB10B7).The investigation encompassed four diverse loading conditions and yielded insightful findings.Notably,at full load,SB10B3 exhibited a higher cylinder peak pressure than diesel,reaching 69.25 bar.Heat release rate profiles demonstrated superior efficiency for SB10 at 50%load,with a cumulative heat release rate of 950 J/°CA,which is lower than the 1050 J/°CA of diesel.Knock intensity(KI)evaluations revealed that,although SB10 and SB10B1 exhibited higher KI than diesel at full load due to elevated peak pressure,SB10B7 showed no knocking across all loads,indicative of reduced in-cylinder combustion.This meticulous numerical analysis emphasizes the potential of borax decahydrate as a catalyst and enhancer,providing valuable insights into the combustion dynamics of these alternative fuel blends and their viability for sustainable and efficient engine performance.In summary,out of all the blends,SB10B3 could be a potential diesel fuel replacement fuel for compression-ignition engines.
文摘Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)is now the most common cause of chronic liver disease worldwide,affecting almost a quarter of the world population(1,2),and is a main cause of severe hepatic complications such as cirrhosis and liver cancer.In histological assessment NAFLD and alcoholic liver disease(ALD)are difficult to distinguish;NAFLD diagnosis thus requires a limit of alcohol intake.However,NAFLD and ALD very frequently coexist in the same patient.
基金This project was funded by the Wilhelm Laupitz Foundation and the German Research Foundation(DFG CA267/13-3)to AC.
文摘Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)is the sixth most common cancer and the second leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide(1).Unfortunately,the incidence and mortality of HCC are increasing steadily in formerly low-risk countries(2).Although the contribution of patients infected with hepatitis B virus(HBV)and hepatitis C virus(HCV)has dramatically decreased due to the use of highly effective antiviral agents,increasing epidemiologic evidence indicates a link between non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)and the risk of HCC(1).It is important to highlight that the prevalence of NAFLD has increased in parallel with the obesity,metabolic syndrome,and type 2 diabetes mellitus pandemic.Among patients with NAFLD,the incidence of HCC is around 0.44 per 1,000 person-years(3).
