Solid-liquid extraction of gadolinium was investigated from phosphoric acid medium using commercial amino phosphonic acid resin, Tulsion CH-93. The experimental conditions studied included equilibration time, acid con...Solid-liquid extraction of gadolinium was investigated from phosphoric acid medium using commercial amino phosphonic acid resin, Tulsion CH-93. The experimental conditions studied included equilibration time, acid concentration, mass of the resin, metal concentration, loading and elution. The percent extraction of Gd（Ⅲ） was studied as a function of phosphoric acid （0.05-3 mol/L） using Tulsion CH-93 resin. The corresponding lgD vs. equilibrium pH plot gave straight line with a slope of 1.8. The percent extraction decreased with acid co centration increasing, conforming ion exchange mechanism. Under observed experimental conditions the loading capacity of Tulsion CH-93 for gadolinium was 10.6 mg/g. Among several eluants screened, the quantitative elution of Gd（III） from loaded Tulsion CH-93 was obtained with ammonium oxalate （0.15 mol/L）. The extraction behavior of commonly associated metals with gadolinium was studied as a function of phosphoric acid concentration. Tulsion CH-93 resin showed selective extraction towards heavy rare earths （Lu and Yb） which could be separated from other rare earths at 3 mol/L H3PO4, similar to wet phosphoric acid （3-5 mol/L）. On the other hand Gd（Ⅲ） and other rare earths were studied with chelating resin Tulsion CH-90. Light rare earths were highly extracted and these could be separated from heavy rare earths and Gd.展开更多
Studies on lactobionic acid introduced as a synergist in the presence of phosphonobutane-1,2,4-tricarboxylic acid （PBTC） and zinc ions for corrosion control of carbon steel in aqueous environment are presented. The ...Studies on lactobionic acid introduced as a synergist in the presence of phosphonobutane-1,2,4-tricarboxylic acid （PBTC） and zinc ions for corrosion control of carbon steel in aqueous environment are presented. The investigations revealed that lactobionic acid （LBA） acts as an excellent synergist in corrosion inhibition. Optimum concentrations of all the three components of the ternary formulation are established by gravimetric studies. Potentiodynamic polarization studies indicate that the new ternary system is a mixed inhibitor. Impedance studies show that a protective film is formed on the metal surface in the presence of the inhibitor formulation. The film is found to exhibit its protective nature even at higher temperatures up to 60 ~C. Analysis of the protective film by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy （XPS） and reflection absorption Fourier transform infrared （FTIR） spectroscopy infers the presence of Zn（OH）2, oxides and hydroxides of iron and the inhibitor molecules in the surface film probably in the form of a complex, [Zn（II）-PBTC-LBA]. The morphological studies by scanning electron microscopy （SEM） and the topographical studies by atomic force microscopy （AFM） also indicate the presence of protective film on the metal surface. A plausible mechanism of corrosion inhibition is proposed.展开更多
Neuropathic pain is triggered by the lesions to peripheral nerves which alter their structure and function. Neuroprotective approaches that jimit the pathological changes and improve the behavioral outcome have been w...Neuropathic pain is triggered by the lesions to peripheral nerves which alter their structure and function. Neuroprotective approaches that jimit the pathological changes and improve the behavioral outcome have been well explained in different experimental models of neuropathy but translation of such strategies to clinics has been disappointing. Experimental evidences revealed the role of free radicals, especially per- oxynitrite after the nerve injury. They provoke oxidative DNA damage and consequent over-activation of the poly（ADP-ribose） polymerase （PARP） upregulates pro-inflammatory pathways, causing bioenergetic crisis and neuronal death. Along with these changes, it causes mitochondrial dysfunction leading to neu- ronal apoptosis. In related preclinical studies agents that neutralize the free radicals and pharmacological inhibitors of PARP have shown benefits in treating experimental neuropathy. This article reviews the in- volvement of PARP over-activation in trauma induced neuropathy and therapeutic significance of PARP inhibitors in the experimental neuropathy and neuropathic pain.展开更多
The unsteady magnetohydrodynamic(MHD)flow on a horizontal preamble surface with hybrid nanoparticles in the presence of the first order velocity and thermal slip conditions are investigated.Alumina(Al_(2)O_(3))and cop...The unsteady magnetohydrodynamic(MHD)flow on a horizontal preamble surface with hybrid nanoparticles in the presence of the first order velocity and thermal slip conditions are investigated.Alumina(Al_(2)O_(3))and copper(Cu)are considered as hybrid nanoparticles that have been dispersed in water in order to make hybrid nanofluid(Cu-Al_(2)O_(3)/water).The system of similarity equations is derived from the system of partial differential equations(PDEs)by using variables of similarity,and their solutions are gotten with shooting method in the Maple software.In certain ranges of unsteadiness and magnetic parameters,the presence of dual solutions can be found.Further,it is examined that layer separation is deferred due to the effect of the hybrid nanoparticles.Moreover,the capacity of the thermal enhancement of Cu-Al_(2)O_(3)/water hybrid nanofluid is higher as compared to Al_(2)O_(3)/water based nanofluid and enhancements inCu are caused to rise the fluid temperature in both solutions.In the last,solutions stability analyzes were also carried out and the first solution was found to be stable.展开更多
Today’s society is based on the use of fossil resources for transportation fuels. The result of unlimited consumption of fossil fuels is a severe depletion of the natural reserves and damage to the environment. Deple...Today’s society is based on the use of fossil resources for transportation fuels. The result of unlimited consumption of fossil fuels is a severe depletion of the natural reserves and damage to the environment. Depleting fossil reserves and increasing demand for energy together with environmental concerns have motivated researchers towards the development of alternative fuels which are eco-friendly, renewable and economical. Bioethanol is one such dominant global renewable transport biofuel which can readily substitute fossil fuels. Conventionally, bioethanol has been produced from sucrose and starch rich feedstocks (edible agricultural crops and products) known as 1st generation bioethanol;however this substrate conflicts with food and feed production. As an alternative to 1st generation bioethanol, currently there is much focus on advancing a cellulosic bioethanol concept that utilizes lignocellulosic residues from agricultural crops and residues (such as bagasse, straw, stover, stems, leaves and deoiled seed residues). Efficient conversion of lignocellulosic biomass into bioethanol remains an area of active research in terms of pretreatment of the biomass to fractionate its constituents (cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin), breakdown of cellulose and hemicellulose into hexose and pentose sugars and co-fermentation of the sugars to ethanol. The present review discusses research progress in bioethanol production from sucrose, starch and cellulosic feedstocks. Development of efficient technology to convert lignocellulosic biomass into fermentable sugars and optimization of enzymatic hydrolysis using on-site/ in-house enzyme preparation are the key areas of development in lignocellulosic bioethanol production. Moreover, finding efficient fermenting microorganisms which can utilize pentose and hexose sugars in their metabolism to produce ethanol together with minimum foam and glycerol formation is also an important parameter in fermentation. Research has been focusing on the application of genetically modified strains, thermoanaerobes and mixed cultures of different strains in bioethanol production from sucrose, starch and lignocellulosic feedstocks.展开更多
A novel isocratic reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography （RP-HPLC） with photo diode array （PDA） detection method for the determination of dobutamine （DBT） in rat plasma was developed and validated ...A novel isocratic reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography （RP-HPLC） with photo diode array （PDA） detection method for the determination of dobutamine （DBT） in rat plasma was developed and validated after optimization of various chromatographic conditions and other experimental parameters. Homoveratrylamiue was used as an internal standard. Methanol was used as the extracting solvent for the preparation of plasma samples. Samples were separated on a Symmetry C18 （250ram x4.6mm i.d., 5 pro） analytical column. Acetonitrile and 15raM potassium dihydrogen phosphate （pH 5.0 with 0.3% TEA） （20：80, v/v） was used. The column oven temperature was optimized at 35 ~C and the flow rate was 0.8 mL/min. The detection wavelength was fixed at 230 nm for entire analysis. The calibration curve was found to be linear over the concentration range of 50-2000 ng/mL （ra=0.9992）. The limit of quantification （LOQ） of the method was 50 ng/mL. The % RSD values of accuracy and precision values for intra and inter days were 〈 15% at quality control （QC） concentrations. Recovery, stability and robustness were studied within the acceptable range according to ICH guidelines. The method was efficiently applied to a pharmacokinetic study in healthy Wistar rats.展开更多
Electronic banking has provision networks that replaces and replicated various activities currently executing by the bank. Hence e-banking now plays a vital role to carry out the individual as well as corporate financ...Electronic banking has provision networks that replaces and replicated various activities currently executing by the bank. Hence e-banking now plays a vital role to carry out the individual as well as corporate financial activities execution. Even e-banking activities based on the internet or virtual private networks own by the bank, therefore communication channel, distribution channel and transactions channel must be secure. The research article explores the current trends in the e-banking uprising that has set a goal in the Pakistani banking sector to provide any easy interface to their customers which avail the e-banking services without any physical presence in the bank vicinity. This empirical study was carried out in Pakistan which indicating the current issues encounter by the e-banking application in various banking industries. The analysis in this paper further reveals that approachability of internet in banking sector makes customer reluctant to access their bank accounts electronically. The usage of e-banking significantly affects the customer trust due to unavailability of cyber security.展开更多
In the realm of cybersecurity,the detection and analysis of obfuscated malware remain a critical challenge,especially in the context of memory dumps.This research paper presents a novel machine learning-based framewor...In the realm of cybersecurity,the detection and analysis of obfuscated malware remain a critical challenge,especially in the context of memory dumps.This research paper presents a novel machine learning-based framework designed to enhance the detection and analytical capabilities against such elusive threats for binary and multi type’s malware.Our approach leverages a comprehensive dataset comprising benign and malicious memory dumps,encompassing a wide array of obfuscated malware types including Spyware,Ransomware,and Trojan Horses with their subcategories.We begin by employing rigorous data preprocessing methods,including the normalization of memory dumps and encoding of categorical data.To tackle the issue of class imbalance,a Synthetic Minority Over-sampling Technique is utilized,ensuring a balanced representation of various malware types.Feature selection is meticulously conducted through Chi-Square tests,mutual information,and correlation analyses,refning the model’s focus on the most indicative attributes of obfuscated malware.The heart of our framework lies in the deployment of an Ensemble-based Classifer,chosen for its robustness and efectiveness in handling complex data structures.The model’s performance is rigorously evaluated using a suite of metrics,including accuracy,precision,recall,F1-score,and the area under the ROC curve(AUC)with other evaluation metrics to assess the model’s efciency.The proposed model demonstrates a detection accuracy exceeding 99%across all cases,surpassing the performance of all existing models in the realm of malware detection.展开更多
In a recent report published in Cell,Clausen et al.1 reveal that heparan sulfate(HS)functions as a necessary cofactor for SARSCoV-2 binding to the ACE2 at the host cell membrane.Molecular analysis identified that HS i...In a recent report published in Cell,Clausen et al.1 reveal that heparan sulfate(HS)functions as a necessary cofactor for SARSCoV-2 binding to the ACE2 at the host cell membrane.Molecular analysis identified that HS interacts with the receptor-binding domain(RBD)at the SI subunit of the SARS-CoV-2 trimeric S-protein,which facilitates the opening of S-protein conformation for ACE2 binding.展开更多
Some species of the Lathyrus genus are among the most promising crops for marginal lands, with high resilience to drought, flood, and fungal diseases, combined with high yields and seed nutritional value. However, lac...Some species of the Lathyrus genus are among the most promising crops for marginal lands, with high resilience to drought, flood, and fungal diseases, combined with high yields and seed nutritional value. However, lack of knowledge on the mechanisms underlying its outstanding performance and methodologies to identify elite genotypes has hampered its proper use in breeding. Chlorophyl a fast fluorescence transient （JIP test）, was used to evaluate water deficit （WD） resistance in Lathyrus genus. Our results reveal unaltered photochemical values for al studied genotypes showing resistance to mild WD. Under severe WD, two Lathyrus sativus genotypes showed remarkable resilience maintaining the photochemical efficiency, contrary to other genotypes studied. Performance index （PIABS） is the best parameter to screen genotypes with improved performance and grain production under WD. Moreover, we found that JIP indices are good indicators of genotypic grain production under WD. Quantum yield of electron transport （wEo） and efficiency with which＆trapped excitons can move electrons further than QA （c0） revealed as important traits related to improved photosyn-thetic performance and should be exploited in future Lathyrus germplasm improvements. The JIP test herein described showed to be an expeditious tool to screen and to identify elite genotypes with improved drought resistance.展开更多
文摘Solid-liquid extraction of gadolinium was investigated from phosphoric acid medium using commercial amino phosphonic acid resin, Tulsion CH-93. The experimental conditions studied included equilibration time, acid concentration, mass of the resin, metal concentration, loading and elution. The percent extraction of Gd（Ⅲ） was studied as a function of phosphoric acid （0.05-3 mol/L） using Tulsion CH-93 resin. The corresponding lgD vs. equilibrium pH plot gave straight line with a slope of 1.8. The percent extraction decreased with acid co centration increasing, conforming ion exchange mechanism. Under observed experimental conditions the loading capacity of Tulsion CH-93 for gadolinium was 10.6 mg/g. Among several eluants screened, the quantitative elution of Gd（III） from loaded Tulsion CH-93 was obtained with ammonium oxalate （0.15 mol/L）. The extraction behavior of commonly associated metals with gadolinium was studied as a function of phosphoric acid concentration. Tulsion CH-93 resin showed selective extraction towards heavy rare earths （Lu and Yb） which could be separated from other rare earths at 3 mol/L H3PO4, similar to wet phosphoric acid （3-5 mol/L）. On the other hand Gd（Ⅲ） and other rare earths were studied with chelating resin Tulsion CH-90. Light rare earths were highly extracted and these could be separated from heavy rare earths and Gd.
文摘Studies on lactobionic acid introduced as a synergist in the presence of phosphonobutane-1,2,4-tricarboxylic acid （PBTC） and zinc ions for corrosion control of carbon steel in aqueous environment are presented. The investigations revealed that lactobionic acid （LBA） acts as an excellent synergist in corrosion inhibition. Optimum concentrations of all the three components of the ternary formulation are established by gravimetric studies. Potentiodynamic polarization studies indicate that the new ternary system is a mixed inhibitor. Impedance studies show that a protective film is formed on the metal surface in the presence of the inhibitor formulation. The film is found to exhibit its protective nature even at higher temperatures up to 60 ~C. Analysis of the protective film by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy （XPS） and reflection absorption Fourier transform infrared （FTIR） spectroscopy infers the presence of Zn（OH）2, oxides and hydroxides of iron and the inhibitor molecules in the surface film probably in the form of a complex, [Zn（II）-PBTC-LBA]. The morphological studies by scanning electron microscopy （SEM） and the topographical studies by atomic force microscopy （AFM） also indicate the presence of protective film on the metal surface. A plausible mechanism of corrosion inhibition is proposed.
基金Department of Biotechnology Govt of India,for their financial support to Dr.Ashutosh Kumar via grant BT/527/NE/TBP/2013the financial support from Department of Pharmaceuticals,Ministry of Chemical and Fertilizers and NIPER Hyderabad for their support
文摘Neuropathic pain is triggered by the lesions to peripheral nerves which alter their structure and function. Neuroprotective approaches that jimit the pathological changes and improve the behavioral outcome have been well explained in different experimental models of neuropathy but translation of such strategies to clinics has been disappointing. Experimental evidences revealed the role of free radicals, especially per- oxynitrite after the nerve injury. They provoke oxidative DNA damage and consequent over-activation of the poly（ADP-ribose） polymerase （PARP） upregulates pro-inflammatory pathways, causing bioenergetic crisis and neuronal death. Along with these changes, it causes mitochondrial dysfunction leading to neu- ronal apoptosis. In related preclinical studies agents that neutralize the free radicals and pharmacological inhibitors of PARP have shown benefits in treating experimental neuropathy. This article reviews the in- volvement of PARP over-activation in trauma induced neuropathy and therapeutic significance of PARP inhibitors in the experimental neuropathy and neuropathic pain.
基金the Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.61673169,11701176,11626101,11601485).
文摘The unsteady magnetohydrodynamic(MHD)flow on a horizontal preamble surface with hybrid nanoparticles in the presence of the first order velocity and thermal slip conditions are investigated.Alumina(Al_(2)O_(3))and copper(Cu)are considered as hybrid nanoparticles that have been dispersed in water in order to make hybrid nanofluid(Cu-Al_(2)O_(3)/water).The system of similarity equations is derived from the system of partial differential equations(PDEs)by using variables of similarity,and their solutions are gotten with shooting method in the Maple software.In certain ranges of unsteadiness and magnetic parameters,the presence of dual solutions can be found.Further,it is examined that layer separation is deferred due to the effect of the hybrid nanoparticles.Moreover,the capacity of the thermal enhancement of Cu-Al_(2)O_(3)/water hybrid nanofluid is higher as compared to Al_(2)O_(3)/water based nanofluid and enhancements inCu are caused to rise the fluid temperature in both solutions.In the last,solutions stability analyzes were also carried out and the first solution was found to be stable.
文摘Today’s society is based on the use of fossil resources for transportation fuels. The result of unlimited consumption of fossil fuels is a severe depletion of the natural reserves and damage to the environment. Depleting fossil reserves and increasing demand for energy together with environmental concerns have motivated researchers towards the development of alternative fuels which are eco-friendly, renewable and economical. Bioethanol is one such dominant global renewable transport biofuel which can readily substitute fossil fuels. Conventionally, bioethanol has been produced from sucrose and starch rich feedstocks (edible agricultural crops and products) known as 1st generation bioethanol;however this substrate conflicts with food and feed production. As an alternative to 1st generation bioethanol, currently there is much focus on advancing a cellulosic bioethanol concept that utilizes lignocellulosic residues from agricultural crops and residues (such as bagasse, straw, stover, stems, leaves and deoiled seed residues). Efficient conversion of lignocellulosic biomass into bioethanol remains an area of active research in terms of pretreatment of the biomass to fractionate its constituents (cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin), breakdown of cellulose and hemicellulose into hexose and pentose sugars and co-fermentation of the sugars to ethanol. The present review discusses research progress in bioethanol production from sucrose, starch and cellulosic feedstocks. Development of efficient technology to convert lignocellulosic biomass into fermentable sugars and optimization of enzymatic hydrolysis using on-site/ in-house enzyme preparation are the key areas of development in lignocellulosic bioethanol production. Moreover, finding efficient fermenting microorganisms which can utilize pentose and hexose sugars in their metabolism to produce ethanol together with minimum foam and glycerol formation is also an important parameter in fermentation. Research has been focusing on the application of genetically modified strains, thermoanaerobes and mixed cultures of different strains in bioethanol production from sucrose, starch and lignocellulosic feedstocks.
基金Mr.Thippani Ramesh thanks MHRD,Government of India for providing financial assistance
文摘A novel isocratic reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography （RP-HPLC） with photo diode array （PDA） detection method for the determination of dobutamine （DBT） in rat plasma was developed and validated after optimization of various chromatographic conditions and other experimental parameters. Homoveratrylamiue was used as an internal standard. Methanol was used as the extracting solvent for the preparation of plasma samples. Samples were separated on a Symmetry C18 （250ram x4.6mm i.d., 5 pro） analytical column. Acetonitrile and 15raM potassium dihydrogen phosphate （pH 5.0 with 0.3% TEA） （20：80, v/v） was used. The column oven temperature was optimized at 35 ~C and the flow rate was 0.8 mL/min. The detection wavelength was fixed at 230 nm for entire analysis. The calibration curve was found to be linear over the concentration range of 50-2000 ng/mL （ra=0.9992）. The limit of quantification （LOQ） of the method was 50 ng/mL. The % RSD values of accuracy and precision values for intra and inter days were 〈 15% at quality control （QC） concentrations. Recovery, stability and robustness were studied within the acceptable range according to ICH guidelines. The method was efficiently applied to a pharmacokinetic study in healthy Wistar rats.
文摘Electronic banking has provision networks that replaces and replicated various activities currently executing by the bank. Hence e-banking now plays a vital role to carry out the individual as well as corporate financial activities execution. Even e-banking activities based on the internet or virtual private networks own by the bank, therefore communication channel, distribution channel and transactions channel must be secure. The research article explores the current trends in the e-banking uprising that has set a goal in the Pakistani banking sector to provide any easy interface to their customers which avail the e-banking services without any physical presence in the bank vicinity. This empirical study was carried out in Pakistan which indicating the current issues encounter by the e-banking application in various banking industries. The analysis in this paper further reveals that approachability of internet in banking sector makes customer reluctant to access their bank accounts electronically. The usage of e-banking significantly affects the customer trust due to unavailability of cyber security.
文摘In the realm of cybersecurity,the detection and analysis of obfuscated malware remain a critical challenge,especially in the context of memory dumps.This research paper presents a novel machine learning-based framework designed to enhance the detection and analytical capabilities against such elusive threats for binary and multi type’s malware.Our approach leverages a comprehensive dataset comprising benign and malicious memory dumps,encompassing a wide array of obfuscated malware types including Spyware,Ransomware,and Trojan Horses with their subcategories.We begin by employing rigorous data preprocessing methods,including the normalization of memory dumps and encoding of categorical data.To tackle the issue of class imbalance,a Synthetic Minority Over-sampling Technique is utilized,ensuring a balanced representation of various malware types.Feature selection is meticulously conducted through Chi-Square tests,mutual information,and correlation analyses,refning the model’s focus on the most indicative attributes of obfuscated malware.The heart of our framework lies in the deployment of an Ensemble-based Classifer,chosen for its robustness and efectiveness in handling complex data structures.The model’s performance is rigorously evaluated using a suite of metrics,including accuracy,precision,recall,F1-score,and the area under the ROC curve(AUC)with other evaluation metrics to assess the model’s efciency.The proposed model demonstrates a detection accuracy exceeding 99%across all cases,surpassing the performance of all existing models in the realm of malware detection.
基金This work was supported by the DBT-Ramalingaswami Fellowship(No.BT/RLF/Reentry/22/2016 and SAN.No.102/IFD/SAN/1117/2018-19)to the Ramesh Kandimalla and IICT/Pubsy2020/328.
文摘In a recent report published in Cell,Clausen et al.1 reveal that heparan sulfate(HS)functions as a necessary cofactor for SARSCoV-2 binding to the ACE2 at the host cell membrane.Molecular analysis identified that HS interacts with the receptor-binding domain(RBD)at the SI subunit of the SARS-CoV-2 trimeric S-protein,which facilitates the opening of S-protein conformation for ACE2 binding.
基金support from Fundacao para a Ciência e Tecnologia from Portugal is acknowledged through the research projects PTDC/AGR‐GPL/103285/2008,PTDC/AGR‐GPL/099866/2008,Pest‐OE/EQB/LA0004/2011Research Contracts by the Ciência 2008 programs(S.S.Araújo and M.C.Vaz Patto)
文摘Some species of the Lathyrus genus are among the most promising crops for marginal lands, with high resilience to drought, flood, and fungal diseases, combined with high yields and seed nutritional value. However, lack of knowledge on the mechanisms underlying its outstanding performance and methodologies to identify elite genotypes has hampered its proper use in breeding. Chlorophyl a fast fluorescence transient （JIP test）, was used to evaluate water deficit （WD） resistance in Lathyrus genus. Our results reveal unaltered photochemical values for al studied genotypes showing resistance to mild WD. Under severe WD, two Lathyrus sativus genotypes showed remarkable resilience maintaining the photochemical efficiency, contrary to other genotypes studied. Performance index （PIABS） is the best parameter to screen genotypes with improved performance and grain production under WD. Moreover, we found that JIP indices are good indicators of genotypic grain production under WD. Quantum yield of electron transport （wEo） and efficiency with which＆trapped excitons can move electrons further than QA （c0） revealed as important traits related to improved photosyn-thetic performance and should be exploited in future Lathyrus germplasm improvements. The JIP test herein described showed to be an expeditious tool to screen and to identify elite genotypes with improved drought resistance.
