According to the materials of molecular level on IgM and polyvalent antigen in recent years, we presented the binding model of IgM and polyvalent antigen, and deduced the formula of antigen critical concentration on t...According to the materials of molecular level on IgM and polyvalent antigen in recent years, we presented the binding model of IgM and polyvalent antigen, and deduced the formula of antigen critical concentration on the basis of Crothers and Metzger’s work when IgM cross-linked with polyvalent antigen. The formula is as follows:展开更多
Explore the landscape,the rocks and the nature of six Greek areas.Find out their geology,history and civilization.The series“Geotrails in Greece”is a pilot publication of the Greek Institute of Geology and Mineral E...Explore the landscape,the rocks and the nature of six Greek areas.Find out their geology,history and civilization.The series“Geotrails in Greece”is a pilot publication of the Greek Institute of Geology and Mineral Exploration(IGME),Department of General Geology and Geological Mapping,with funding by the 3rd European Community Support Framework for the project:“Designation of geosites-geoparks,contribution to sustainable development”and the sub-project:“Creating interpretative material for promotion,designation and community awareness on geosites-geoparks”.展开更多
Ferromanganese nodules and crusts contain relatively high concentration of rare earth elements（REE） and yttrium（REY）,with a growing interest in exploitation as an alternative to land-based REY resources.On the bas...Ferromanganese nodules and crusts contain relatively high concentration of rare earth elements（REE） and yttrium（REY）,with a growing interest in exploitation as an alternative to land-based REY resources.On the basis of comprehensive geochemical approach,the abundance and distribution of REY in the ferromanganese nodules from the South China Sea are analyzed.The results indicate that the REY contents in ferromanganese deposits show a clear geographic regularity.Total REY contents range from 69.1×10^-6 to 2 919.4×10^-6,with an average value of 1 459.5×10^-6.Especially,the enrichment rate of Ce content is high,accounting for almost 60% of the total REY.This REE enrichment is controlled mainly by the sorption of ferromanganese oxides and clay minerals in the nodules and crusts.Moreover,the total REY are higher in ferromanganese deposits of hydrogenous origin than of diagenetic origin.Finally,Light REE（LREE） and heavy REE（HREE） oxides of the ferromanganese deposits in the study area can be classified into four grades： non-enriched type,weakly enriched type,enriched type,and extremely enriched type.According to the classification criteria of rare earth resources,the Xisha and Zhongsha platform-central deep basin areas show a great potential for these rare earth metals.展开更多
The Gulf of Cadiz is situated geologically at the Gibraltar Arc, the westernmost arc of the Alpine- Himalayan orogenic belt. Based on extensive previous studies that include swath bathymetry, multi-channel and very hi...The Gulf of Cadiz is situated geologically at the Gibraltar Arc, the westernmost arc of the Alpine- Himalayan orogenic belt. Based on extensive previous studies that include swath bathymetry, multi-channel and very high-resolution seismic reflection, gravime- try, magnetism, heat flow probes, and underwater photography surveys, more than 500 polymetallic nodules were collected at water depths ranging from 850 to 1000 m, associated with hydrocarbon-derived carbonate chimneys, slabs, and crusts. Nodules show a wide range of sizes, densities, weights and mor- phologies. Nodules are composed of multiple milli- metre-thick layers of Fe and Mn oxyhydroxides sur- rounding a nucleus composed of Early-Middle Mio- cene plastic marls, which were expulsed from underly- ing units by fluid venting. Nodules show a high mean abundance of Fe （39.03%）, moderate Mn （5.84%）,展开更多
Many oases(wet interdunes)are sedimentary systems characterized by high-frequency water-level oscillations,marked changes in salinity and intense biological activity at their margins.They are considered to be one of t...Many oases(wet interdunes)are sedimentary systems characterized by high-frequency water-level oscillations,marked changes in salinity and intense biological activity at their margins.They are considered to be one of the most challenging environments on Earth for ecosystem development.These dynamic,depositional settings are usually unfavourable for fossilization and subsequent preservation of vegetal remains.This paper describes bryophyte(liverwort)assemblages occurring in three successive horizons interpreted to represent(i)recurrent early successional phases of biological soil crust colonization of wet interdune margins or(ii)exceptional preservation of floating or riparian liverworts in oasis pond waters associated with a progressive fall of the interdune water level.The record of in situ colonization surfaces characterized by delicate(e.g.lignin-free)three-dimensional structures represents an exceptional type of preservation herein associated with a rapid variation in phreatic interdune water level and the subsequent establishment of anoxic and reducing conditions.The occurrence of exceptionally preserved liverwort colonies coincides with the sedimentary record of,at least,three seismite levels in the oasis.Data gathered from the site suggests that the water table of the oasis was controlled by a combination of(i)a positive creation of accommodation space due to subsidence associated with movement on syn-sedimentary extensional faults,and(ii)the rise and fall of the oasis water table controlled by the oscillations of the groundwater system due to orbital changes which appear to drive the variability of the climate system.Rising groundwater levels flooded the oasis soil crusts and lead to the exceptional recurrent preservation of liverwort colonies at the oasis margins.Alternatively,considering the hypothesis of floating or riparian liverworts in the oasis pond waters,the fall in the level of the oasis water table placed the floating liverworts in contact with the oasis bottom sediments.This fall in the level of the oasis water table could indicate a cessation of accommodation space by syn-sedimentary extensional faults and/or a regional lowering of the groundwater system level associated with drought periods.Preliminary results indicate that oasis lamination between liverwort colonies records decadal and sub-decadal cyclicity,related with 11-year Schwabe sunspot and sub-decadal NAO cyclicities,conferring for every sedimentary cycle between liverwort colonies a duration of approximately 200 years,that otherwise matches the expected recurrence period for the De Vries cycle of solar activity.展开更多
Hydrothermal cobalt deposits provide a valuable example in understanding the relationship between mafic magmatism and mineralization.Three main types of hydrothermal cobalt ore deposits have been recognized in the Alt...Hydrothermal cobalt deposits provide a valuable example in understanding the relationship between mafic magmatism and mineralization.Three main types of hydrothermal cobalt ore deposits have been recognized in the Altay-Sayan fold belt(Russia), which are Ni-Co-arsenic(Ni-Co-As),Co-sulfoarsenic (Co-As),and Cu-Co-sulfoarsenic-sulfosaltic(Cu-Co -As).Cobalt mineralization in this district is characterized by well zonation,commonly with the following sequence:Co-sulfoarsenic ores in metasomatic rocks→Ni-Co-As mineralization in carbonate展开更多
Determining the altitude of mountains is one of the most fundamental challenges for humankind.Therefore,the main objective of the study is to determine the altitudes of the three main summits in Ecuador through GNSS p...Determining the altitude of mountains is one of the most fundamental challenges for humankind.Therefore,the main objective of the study is to determine the altitudes of the three main summits in Ecuador through GNSS positioning,referring to the official vertical datum of Ecuador and the geo-potential surface(W_(o)).The three peaks are active volcanoes named Chimborazo,Cotopaxi and Cayambe,all of which are known to be over 5700 m above sea level.Positioning GNSS was performed on the summit of the volcanoes,and the GPS leveling method was applied on nearby plates.At these summits,the correction of the potential difference between the mean sea level and W_(o) was used.The altitudes referred to the mean sea level were compared with other registered heights,and the results are more accurate than previous geodetic missions.展开更多
Santorini has attracted the attention of both Geoscientists and Archeologists. The numerous high-angle faults of small dip-slip displacement were ignored by the geoscientists. The formations of domes by high-angle fau...Santorini has attracted the attention of both Geoscientists and Archeologists. The numerous high-angle faults of small dip-slip displacement were ignored by the geoscientists. The formations of domes by high-angle faults were also ignored. The discovery of a buried town, Akrotiri-with excellent buildings and artifacts, by Archaeologists and the destruction of the flourishing Minoan civilization and Knossos (Crete) in c. the same era caused a lot of interest. Plato in his “Dialogues” of Socrates with Kritias and Timaeus talked about a catastrophe of the island of Atlantis. Galanopoulos, who was the first and Archeologists suggested that the “Legend of Atlantis” was associated with the fall of huge Areas in Santorini, due to the “vacuum” after the gigantic amounts of ejecta. They miscalculated the amount of volcanic ejecta and misinterpreted the lineaments on the walls of the so-called “Caldera (s)” due to pseudo-layering. The author using the importance of the high-angle faults proves that the topography is mainly the result of faulting and neither of erosion nor of volcanism. The juxtaposed slopes of Thira-Thiresia formed fold-like structures and there was not any caldera collapse.展开更多
The Symposium ＂The Geology of the Gulf of Cádiz＂ was organised as part of the scientific activities of the Ⅵ Geological Congress of Spain, celebrated in Zaragoaz. Spain from July 12 to 15, 2004. Most of commun...The Symposium ＂The Geology of the Gulf of Cádiz＂ was organised as part of the scientific activities of the Ⅵ Geological Congress of Spain, celebrated in Zaragoaz. Spain from July 12 to 15, 2004. Most of communications reflect European cooperative research within the framework of the ESF EuroCORE-Euro-MARGINS programme within the projects CVSEIS （Mud Volcanoes in the Gulf of Cádia）, MOUNDFORCE （Deep Reefs associated with Methane Seeps） and SWIM （South-West Iberia Margin： seismogenic faults）. The Gulf of Cádiz is situated in a tectonically very active region, in a complex setting near a major plate boundary characterized by a combination of important strikeslip movement （along the Azores-Gibraltar fracture zone in the central eastern Atlantic） and compressional tectonics related to the Africa-Eurasia convergence. This area is characterized by extensive mud volcanism, salt tectonics, mud diapirism and carbonate chimneys related to hydrocarbon rich fluid venting.展开更多
Changes in the morphology and mineralogy of speleothems (flowstones) clearly respond to climate-related phenomena, such as drip rate variability and temperature-modulated cave ventilation. Detailed petrographic observ...Changes in the morphology and mineralogy of speleothems (flowstones) clearly respond to climate-related phenomena, such as drip rate variability and temperature-modulated cave ventilation. Detailed petrographic observations have been coupled with <em style="font-family:Verdana;white-space:normal;"><em style="font-family:Verdana;white-space:normal;">δ<sup style="font-family:Verdana;white-space:normal;">18</sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;white-space:normal;">O<sup></sup> and <span style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;">δ<span style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;"><sup>13</sup>C values. Fabrics may show changes related to variations in supersaturation, drip rate or input of detrital particles or organic compounds. Fabrics formed under relatively constant and regular drips (columnar compact, open and elongated) show similar δ<sup>18</sup>O and δ<sup>13</sup>C values, which are more negative than those of micrite and microsparite. The combination of internal microstratigraphy studies and isotopic data (δ<sup>18</sup>O and δ<sup>13</sup>C) from two flowstones collected from two caves in the north of Almeria province (SE Spain), suggest a spectrum of environmental conditions ranging from wetter to drier periods. Both records constitute a very useful tool for screening and interpreting high-resolution paleoclimate reconstructions.展开更多
The Paleocene(66–56 Ma)was a critical time interval for understanding the geological history in high palaeolatitudes after the end of Cretaceous event(recovery from mass extinction,palaeoclimate,global sea level chan...The Paleocene(66–56 Ma)was a critical time interval for understanding the geological history in high palaeolatitudes after the end of Cretaceous event(recovery from mass extinction,palaeoclimate,global sea level changes,among others).The sedimentary succession from Seymour Island(Antarctic Peninsula)provides key reference material from this important phase of the early Cenozoic.A detailed age model is proposed for the López de Bertodano Formation(LBF),Sobral Formation(SF)and Cross Valley–Wiman Formation(CVWF)based on a new magnetostratigraphic section which integrates previous dinoflagellate cyst biostratigraphy,Iridium anomaly(K-Pg boundary),U-Pb zircon dating(airfall tuff)and strontium isotope values from macrofossils.The new composite magnetostratigraphic section,which includes the Cretaceous–Paleogene boundary,has been correlated to the GPTS from C29r up to C24r.The top of the LBF is confirmed as latest Maastrichtian to earliest Danian(~65.4 Ma)in age.The overlying SF is mostly Danian in age(~65.2–~63 Ma)and CVWF is Selandian–Thatenian(~61.3–56.9 Ma).LBF,SF and CVWF are unconformity-bounded units(alloformations)that record the geological evolution of the James Ross Basin during a period of relative decreasing tectonism but coeval with volcanic activity.Unconformity based internal units have been recognized,dividing each formation into allomembers(LBF:Molluscan and Cenozoic;SF:A,B and C;CVWF:Díaz,Ara?ado,Bahía Pingüino).The new age model allows correlation of base-level changes with eustatic sea-level fluctuations.The bases of the SF and CVWF are correlated with the 65.3 and 61.5 Ma sea level lowstands.展开更多
Monoclonal antibodies were used to label cutaneous germinal center cell-derived lymphomas <CGCCL) obtained from 10 patients. According to the Kiel classification, they were classified into 2 types. Eight patients h...Monoclonal antibodies were used to label cutaneous germinal center cell-derived lymphomas <CGCCL) obtained from 10 patients. According to the Kiel classification, they were classified into 2 types. Eight patients had centroblastic/centrocytic <CB/CC) lymphomas while 2 patients and centrocytic (CC) lymphomas. After monoclonal antibody labelling, the results were consistent with those of the clinical and morphologic analyses. Of the 10 cases, 9 were B1 positive, 6 were K positive, and 4 were λ positive. In 8 cases labeled with immunoglobulin, 6 were IgGFab positive, 2 were IgM positive and 8 were IgA negative. Five cases (CB/CC 3, CC 2) were both Bl, K and IgG positive (γ K). Four cases CB/CC were both Bl and A positive. Only one case (CB/CC) was both K and IgM positive (μ K). Two cases (CB CC) were both A and IgG positive (γ λ). The results indicate that Bl, K and A are the most important markers to phenotype cutaneous B-cell lymphomas. Our findings also show a higher percentage of y K types in CGCCL as compared with Western countries.展开更多
Since 1984, mass screening for cancer and chemopreventive trials in the two high incidence areas of lung cancer have been carried out. Chemo preventive trials on the subjects having moderate or severe atypical hyperpl...Since 1984, mass screening for cancer and chemopreventive trials in the two high incidence areas of lung cancer have been carried out. Chemo preventive trials on the subjects having moderate or severe atypical hyperplasia cells in the sputum were done by treatment with R1 [N-(p-ethoxycarbophenyl) retinamide] and R2 [N-(p-carboxyphenyl) retina-mide]. Results showed that the general status of the patients had improved. IgA and IgM in the serum were increased and the arsenic skin lesions were relieved after the treatment with Rl and R2. The ratio of the incidence of lung cancer for the treated group and the control group was 1:4, and the mean degree of hyperplasia in the sputum had dropped. It is suggested that these drugs are both safe and effective in the chemoprevention of lung cancer.展开更多
文摘According to the materials of molecular level on IgM and polyvalent antigen in recent years, we presented the binding model of IgM and polyvalent antigen, and deduced the formula of antigen critical concentration on the basis of Crothers and Metzger’s work when IgM cross-linked with polyvalent antigen. The formula is as follows:
文摘Explore the landscape,the rocks and the nature of six Greek areas.Find out their geology,history and civilization.The series“Geotrails in Greece”is a pilot publication of the Greek Institute of Geology and Mineral Exploration(IGME),Department of General Geology and Geological Mapping,with funding by the 3rd European Community Support Framework for the project:“Designation of geosites-geoparks,contribution to sustainable development”and the sub-project:“Creating interpretative material for promotion,designation and community awareness on geosites-geoparks”.
基金The National Natural Science Foundation of China under contract Nos 41376057,41306047,41676056the Spanish project SUBVENT under contract No.CGL2012-39524-C02
文摘Ferromanganese nodules and crusts contain relatively high concentration of rare earth elements（REE） and yttrium（REY）,with a growing interest in exploitation as an alternative to land-based REY resources.On the basis of comprehensive geochemical approach,the abundance and distribution of REY in the ferromanganese nodules from the South China Sea are analyzed.The results indicate that the REY contents in ferromanganese deposits show a clear geographic regularity.Total REY contents range from 69.1×10^-6 to 2 919.4×10^-6,with an average value of 1 459.5×10^-6.Especially,the enrichment rate of Ce content is high,accounting for almost 60% of the total REY.This REE enrichment is controlled mainly by the sorption of ferromanganese oxides and clay minerals in the nodules and crusts.Moreover,the total REY are higher in ferromanganese deposits of hydrogenous origin than of diagenetic origin.Finally,Light REE（LREE） and heavy REE（HREE） oxides of the ferromanganese deposits in the study area can be classified into four grades： non-enriched type,weakly enriched type,enriched type,and extremely enriched type.According to the classification criteria of rare earth resources,the Xisha and Zhongsha platform-central deep basin areas show a great potential for these rare earth metals.
文摘The Gulf of Cadiz is situated geologically at the Gibraltar Arc, the westernmost arc of the Alpine- Himalayan orogenic belt. Based on extensive previous studies that include swath bathymetry, multi-channel and very high-resolution seismic reflection, gravime- try, magnetism, heat flow probes, and underwater photography surveys, more than 500 polymetallic nodules were collected at water depths ranging from 850 to 1000 m, associated with hydrocarbon-derived carbonate chimneys, slabs, and crusts. Nodules show a wide range of sizes, densities, weights and mor- phologies. Nodules are composed of multiple milli- metre-thick layers of Fe and Mn oxyhydroxides sur- rounding a nucleus composed of Early-Middle Mio- cene plastic marls, which were expulsed from underly- ing units by fluid venting. Nodules show a high mean abundance of Fe （39.03%）, moderate Mn （5.84%）,
基金financed by the Project CRE:“Cretaceous Resin Event:Global bioevent of massive resin production at the initial diversification of modern forest ecosystems”funded by the Spanish AEI/FEDER,UE Grant CGL2017-84419Funded by the CGL2005-07445-C03-03 and CGL201123717 projects of the Ministry of Education of the Government of Spain。
文摘Many oases(wet interdunes)are sedimentary systems characterized by high-frequency water-level oscillations,marked changes in salinity and intense biological activity at their margins.They are considered to be one of the most challenging environments on Earth for ecosystem development.These dynamic,depositional settings are usually unfavourable for fossilization and subsequent preservation of vegetal remains.This paper describes bryophyte(liverwort)assemblages occurring in three successive horizons interpreted to represent(i)recurrent early successional phases of biological soil crust colonization of wet interdune margins or(ii)exceptional preservation of floating or riparian liverworts in oasis pond waters associated with a progressive fall of the interdune water level.The record of in situ colonization surfaces characterized by delicate(e.g.lignin-free)three-dimensional structures represents an exceptional type of preservation herein associated with a rapid variation in phreatic interdune water level and the subsequent establishment of anoxic and reducing conditions.The occurrence of exceptionally preserved liverwort colonies coincides with the sedimentary record of,at least,three seismite levels in the oasis.Data gathered from the site suggests that the water table of the oasis was controlled by a combination of(i)a positive creation of accommodation space due to subsidence associated with movement on syn-sedimentary extensional faults,and(ii)the rise and fall of the oasis water table controlled by the oscillations of the groundwater system due to orbital changes which appear to drive the variability of the climate system.Rising groundwater levels flooded the oasis soil crusts and lead to the exceptional recurrent preservation of liverwort colonies at the oasis margins.Alternatively,considering the hypothesis of floating or riparian liverworts in the oasis pond waters,the fall in the level of the oasis water table placed the floating liverworts in contact with the oasis bottom sediments.This fall in the level of the oasis water table could indicate a cessation of accommodation space by syn-sedimentary extensional faults and/or a regional lowering of the groundwater system level associated with drought periods.Preliminary results indicate that oasis lamination between liverwort colonies records decadal and sub-decadal cyclicity,related with 11-year Schwabe sunspot and sub-decadal NAO cyclicities,conferring for every sedimentary cycle between liverwort colonies a duration of approximately 200 years,that otherwise matches the expected recurrence period for the De Vries cycle of solar activity.
文摘Hydrothermal cobalt deposits provide a valuable example in understanding the relationship between mafic magmatism and mineralization.Three main types of hydrothermal cobalt ore deposits have been recognized in the Altay-Sayan fold belt(Russia), which are Ni-Co-arsenic(Ni-Co-As),Co-sulfoarsenic (Co-As),and Cu-Co-sulfoarsenic-sulfosaltic(Cu-Co -As).Cobalt mineralization in this district is characterized by well zonation,commonly with the following sequence:Co-sulfoarsenic ores in metasomatic rocks→Ni-Co-As mineralization in carbonate
文摘Determining the altitude of mountains is one of the most fundamental challenges for humankind.Therefore,the main objective of the study is to determine the altitudes of the three main summits in Ecuador through GNSS positioning,referring to the official vertical datum of Ecuador and the geo-potential surface(W_(o)).The three peaks are active volcanoes named Chimborazo,Cotopaxi and Cayambe,all of which are known to be over 5700 m above sea level.Positioning GNSS was performed on the summit of the volcanoes,and the GPS leveling method was applied on nearby plates.At these summits,the correction of the potential difference between the mean sea level and W_(o) was used.The altitudes referred to the mean sea level were compared with other registered heights,and the results are more accurate than previous geodetic missions.
文摘Santorini has attracted the attention of both Geoscientists and Archeologists. The numerous high-angle faults of small dip-slip displacement were ignored by the geoscientists. The formations of domes by high-angle faults were also ignored. The discovery of a buried town, Akrotiri-with excellent buildings and artifacts, by Archaeologists and the destruction of the flourishing Minoan civilization and Knossos (Crete) in c. the same era caused a lot of interest. Plato in his “Dialogues” of Socrates with Kritias and Timaeus talked about a catastrophe of the island of Atlantis. Galanopoulos, who was the first and Archeologists suggested that the “Legend of Atlantis” was associated with the fall of huge Areas in Santorini, due to the “vacuum” after the gigantic amounts of ejecta. They miscalculated the amount of volcanic ejecta and misinterpreted the lineaments on the walls of the so-called “Caldera (s)” due to pseudo-layering. The author using the importance of the high-angle faults proves that the topography is mainly the result of faulting and neither of erosion nor of volcanism. The juxtaposed slopes of Thira-Thiresia formed fold-like structures and there was not any caldera collapse.
文摘The Symposium ＂The Geology of the Gulf of Cádiz＂ was organised as part of the scientific activities of the Ⅵ Geological Congress of Spain, celebrated in Zaragoaz. Spain from July 12 to 15, 2004. Most of communications reflect European cooperative research within the framework of the ESF EuroCORE-Euro-MARGINS programme within the projects CVSEIS （Mud Volcanoes in the Gulf of Cádia）, MOUNDFORCE （Deep Reefs associated with Methane Seeps） and SWIM （South-West Iberia Margin： seismogenic faults）. The Gulf of Cádiz is situated in a tectonically very active region, in a complex setting near a major plate boundary characterized by a combination of important strikeslip movement （along the Azores-Gibraltar fracture zone in the central eastern Atlantic） and compressional tectonics related to the Africa-Eurasia convergence. This area is characterized by extensive mud volcanism, salt tectonics, mud diapirism and carbonate chimneys related to hydrocarbon rich fluid venting.
文摘Changes in the morphology and mineralogy of speleothems (flowstones) clearly respond to climate-related phenomena, such as drip rate variability and temperature-modulated cave ventilation. Detailed petrographic observations have been coupled with <em style="font-family:Verdana;white-space:normal;"><em style="font-family:Verdana;white-space:normal;">δ<sup style="font-family:Verdana;white-space:normal;">18</sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;white-space:normal;">O<sup></sup> and <span style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;">δ<span style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;"><sup>13</sup>C values. Fabrics may show changes related to variations in supersaturation, drip rate or input of detrital particles or organic compounds. Fabrics formed under relatively constant and regular drips (columnar compact, open and elongated) show similar δ<sup>18</sup>O and δ<sup>13</sup>C values, which are more negative than those of micrite and microsparite. The combination of internal microstratigraphy studies and isotopic data (δ<sup>18</sup>O and δ<sup>13</sup>C) from two flowstones collected from two caves in the north of Almeria province (SE Spain), suggest a spectrum of environmental conditions ranging from wetter to drier periods. Both records constitute a very useful tool for screening and interpreting high-resolution paleoclimate reconstructions.
基金supported by the Instituto Geológico y Minero de Espana (IGME) and Dirección General de Investigación (DGI) from Spain by the projects CTM2011-30241-C02-02 and CTM2014-60451-C2-2-Pthe Geomodels Research Institute and the Grup de Recerca de Geodinàmica i Anàlisi de Conques (Grant no. 2017SGR596, supported by AGAUR)
文摘The Paleocene(66–56 Ma)was a critical time interval for understanding the geological history in high palaeolatitudes after the end of Cretaceous event(recovery from mass extinction,palaeoclimate,global sea level changes,among others).The sedimentary succession from Seymour Island(Antarctic Peninsula)provides key reference material from this important phase of the early Cenozoic.A detailed age model is proposed for the López de Bertodano Formation(LBF),Sobral Formation(SF)and Cross Valley–Wiman Formation(CVWF)based on a new magnetostratigraphic section which integrates previous dinoflagellate cyst biostratigraphy,Iridium anomaly(K-Pg boundary),U-Pb zircon dating(airfall tuff)and strontium isotope values from macrofossils.The new composite magnetostratigraphic section,which includes the Cretaceous–Paleogene boundary,has been correlated to the GPTS from C29r up to C24r.The top of the LBF is confirmed as latest Maastrichtian to earliest Danian(~65.4 Ma)in age.The overlying SF is mostly Danian in age(~65.2–~63 Ma)and CVWF is Selandian–Thatenian(~61.3–56.9 Ma).LBF,SF and CVWF are unconformity-bounded units(alloformations)that record the geological evolution of the James Ross Basin during a period of relative decreasing tectonism but coeval with volcanic activity.Unconformity based internal units have been recognized,dividing each formation into allomembers(LBF:Molluscan and Cenozoic;SF:A,B and C;CVWF:Díaz,Ara?ado,Bahía Pingüino).The new age model allows correlation of base-level changes with eustatic sea-level fluctuations.The bases of the SF and CVWF are correlated with the 65.3 and 61.5 Ma sea level lowstands.
文摘Monoclonal antibodies were used to label cutaneous germinal center cell-derived lymphomas <CGCCL) obtained from 10 patients. According to the Kiel classification, they were classified into 2 types. Eight patients had centroblastic/centrocytic <CB/CC) lymphomas while 2 patients and centrocytic (CC) lymphomas. After monoclonal antibody labelling, the results were consistent with those of the clinical and morphologic analyses. Of the 10 cases, 9 were B1 positive, 6 were K positive, and 4 were λ positive. In 8 cases labeled with immunoglobulin, 6 were IgGFab positive, 2 were IgM positive and 8 were IgA negative. Five cases (CB/CC 3, CC 2) were both Bl, K and IgG positive (γ K). Four cases CB/CC were both Bl and A positive. Only one case (CB/CC) was both K and IgM positive (μ K). Two cases (CB CC) were both A and IgG positive (γ λ). The results indicate that Bl, K and A are the most important markers to phenotype cutaneous B-cell lymphomas. Our findings also show a higher percentage of y K types in CGCCL as compared with Western countries.
文摘Since 1984, mass screening for cancer and chemopreventive trials in the two high incidence areas of lung cancer have been carried out. Chemo preventive trials on the subjects having moderate or severe atypical hyperplasia cells in the sputum were done by treatment with R1 [N-(p-ethoxycarbophenyl) retinamide] and R2 [N-(p-carboxyphenyl) retina-mide]. Results showed that the general status of the patients had improved. IgA and IgM in the serum were increased and the arsenic skin lesions were relieved after the treatment with Rl and R2. The ratio of the incidence of lung cancer for the treated group and the control group was 1:4, and the mean degree of hyperplasia in the sputum had dropped. It is suggested that these drugs are both safe and effective in the chemoprevention of lung cancer.
