Artificial Intelligence (AI) has progressively impacted healthcare around the world. The increasing need for readily available mental health services, coupled with the swift advancement of novel technologies, prompts ...Artificial Intelligence (AI) has progressively impacted healthcare around the world. The increasing need for readily available mental health services, coupled with the swift advancement of novel technologies, prompts conversations over the viability of psychotherapy approaches using engagements with AI. Despite the positive impacts, there are recognizable drawbacks associated with the application of AI in psychotherapy. Establishing a therapeutic alliance is difficult for non-human entities. Psychotherapy is a task too complex for limited artificial intelligence. AI appears capable of handling jobs that are clearly defined and relatively straightforward. Besides, AI malfunctions, data confidentiality, informed consent, and risk of bias are potential concerns. We present a literature update of possible solutions to overcome these concerns.展开更多
A circular and sustainable economy for the private transport sector requires a holistic view of the emitted CO_(2) emissions.Looking at the energy supplied to the vehicle in terms of a circular economy leads to defoss...A circular and sustainable economy for the private transport sector requires a holistic view of the emitted CO_(2) emissions.Looking at the energy supplied to the vehicle in terms of a circular economy leads to defossilisation.The remaining energy sources or forms are renewable electric energy,green hydrogen and renewable fuels.A holistic view of the CO_(2) emissions of these energy sources and forms and the resulting powertrain technologies must take into account all cradle-to-grave emissions for both the vehicle and the energy supply.In order to compare the different forms of energy,the three most relevant forms of powertrain technology are considered and a configuration is chosen that allows for an appropriate comparison.For this purpose,data from the FVV project“Powertrain 2040”are used[1]and combined with research data on the energy supply chain for passenger cars.The three comparable powertrain configurations are a battery electric vehicle,a fuel cell electric vehicle and an internal combustion engine hybrid vehicle fueled with electric fuel.First,the three selected powertrain configurations are presented in terms of their performance,weight,technology and other characteristics.A comparative analysis is carried out for different CO_(2) emissions of the electricity mix.The electricity mix is used for both the production of the vehicle and the energy.The results are presented in the form of cradle-to-wheel emissions,which consider the total CO_(2) emissions of the vehicle over its life cycle.Finally,the results are analyzed and discussed to determine which powertrain technology fits best into which energy sector CO_(2) emissions window.展开更多
Background: Obesity has become a serious global public health challenge, given that it leads to various adverse health outcomes that include cardiovascular illnesses, diabetes, and certain types of cancer. The World H...Background: Obesity has become a serious global public health challenge, given that it leads to various adverse health outcomes that include cardiovascular illnesses, diabetes, and certain types of cancer. The World Health Organization (WHO) has estimated that, at the end of 2022, 1 out of every 8 individuals were obese, and that the global adult obesity rates have over doubled since 1990, even as the adolescent obesity rates have quadrupled. Thus, as of 2022, nearly 2.5 billion adults, aged 18 years and above, were overweight, with 890 million being obese. Obesity and overweight incidence rate has been gradually increasing over the years, presenting significant challenges to the healthcare systems throughout the globe. In this regard, the objective of this systematic review was to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of lifestyle modifications (diet and physical activity) and pharmacotherapy in promoting weight loss and improving metabolic health in overweight adults. Methodology: To attain the above stated study objective, a systematic evaluation of previous studies was carried out, particularly studies that assessed the effectiveness and safety of lifestyle modifications (diet and physical activity) and pharmacotherapy in promoting weight loss and improving metabolic health in overweight adults. The authors have used the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) in the selection of eligible studies for inclusion in the study. Results: The findings indicate that lifestyle interventions resulted in 5% - 10% weight reduction and significant improvements in metabolic indicators, while pharmacotherapy (GLP-1 receptor agonists) achieved up to 15% weight reduction and considerable metabolic health benefits. Further, comparative studies show lifestyle modifications provide overall health benefits, while medication is necessary for non-responders. Conclusion: Individualized treatment strategies are crucial, and further research is needed on long-term consequences and combination therapies.展开更多
<span style="font-family:Verdana;">Aminoethanoic acid undergoes condensation with 1,4-benzenedicarboxaldehyde</span><span><span><span style="font-family:""><sp...<span style="font-family:Verdana;">Aminoethanoic acid undergoes condensation with 1,4-benzenedicarboxaldehyde</span><span><span><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> to form an O, N, N, O donor Schiff base, </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">N,N'</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">-di(carboxymethylene)</span></span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:""> </span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">terephthalaldehyde, Ligand L. Coordination compounds of this Schiff base us</span><span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">ing Ni (II), Cu (II), </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">VO</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> (IV) and Co (II) were then obtained </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">in-situ</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">. The</span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> Schiff base and the complexes were evaluated for their antimicrobial and DNA binding abilities. Molecular docking studies of the ligand and synthesized compounds were also carried out. Evidence for the formation of the Schiff base coordination compounds and the coordinating atoms was obtained from </span><sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;">1</span></sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;">H NMR, infrared and ultraviolet spectral data, EDX, EDTA complexometric titration and magnetic susceptibility measurement. The results obtained are consistent with octahedral geometry for Ni (II) complex</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">,</span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> the metal ion coordinating to one molecule of Ligand L</span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> and</span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> with additional coordination with two oxygen atoms of two molecules of the solvent. A square-planar geometry was suggested for both Co (II), and Cu (II) complexes and a five-coordinate, square pyramidal geometry for the VO (IV) complex. The results further indicated that the carboxylic acid of Ligand L was not deprotonated both in the free base and also the complexes. In addition, the results showed that Compound 2 elicited the best antimicrobial activity potential. Generally, the compounds exhibited considerable good affinity to CT-DNA.</span></span></span>展开更多
Mesoporous ceramic membranes were prepared from raw and modified diatomaceous earth alumi-nosilicate mineral precursors. The main modification component of the ceramic membranes was Ag-loaded TiO<sub>2</sub&g...Mesoporous ceramic membranes were prepared from raw and modified diatomaceous earth alumi-nosilicate mineral precursors. The main modification component of the ceramic membranes was Ag-loaded TiO<sub>2</sub> nanoparticles (STOX). Chemical and microstructural characterizations of the raw materials and the modified precursors were carried out using Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) Spectroscopy, Particle Induced X-ray Emission (PIXE-IBA), Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDX) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The precursors and membranes were prepared and subsequently subjected to a high temperature sintering treatment for physico-chemical modification and stability. Remediation functionalities of the ceramic membranes on water samples were studied using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry (AAS), Total Bacterial Count Enumeration;Total Dissolved Solids (TDS), pH, and Electroconductivity (EC). Remediation experiments showed reductions in the concentration of certain cations such as Mg<sup>2+</sup>, Mn<sup>2+</sup>, Cd<sup>2+</sup>, Ni<sup>2+</sup> and K<sup>+</sup> by the modified ceramic membrane samples, while increased concentrations were observed for Ca<sup>2+</sup>, Na<sup>+</sup> and Mg<sup>2+</sup>. The antimicrobial microfiltration process showed 100% bacterial removal and 70% fungi removal in most of the samples. Membranes exhibited good flux output from 5.607 L/hr·m<sup>2</sup> (STOX-Z) to 39.245 L/hr·m<sup>2</sup> (ZEO-T) under a pressure of 0.0196 MPa.展开更多
In this study, Enteromius parablabes [1] was analyzed with the aim of providing baseline information regarding the diploid chromosome number and karyotype differences of both sexes. The diploid chromosome number (2n) ...In this study, Enteromius parablabes [1] was analyzed with the aim of providing baseline information regarding the diploid chromosome number and karyotype differences of both sexes. The diploid chromosome number (2n) was 50 for both sexes, and this corresponds to the diploid chromosome number reported for most small African Barbus species. The fundamental number (NFa) of the male and female was 81 and 98 respectively. The first pair of metaphase chromosomes which has been suggested to be a marker for the small African Barbus group was conspicuously larger in the female karyotype. The karyotype of the female consisted more of metacentric (39m + 7sm + 2st + 2t) which is common in the group while the karyotype of the male which consisted more of telocentric chromosomes (10m + 21st + 19T) is scarce. The chromosomal number obtained for E. parablabes demonstrates its diploid status in the context of the ploidy lines characteristic of the African Barbus assemblage.展开更多
<span style="font-family:Verdana;">Non</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">-</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">template [2 + 2] condensation of &...<span style="font-family:Verdana;">Non</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">-</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">template [2 + 2] condensation of </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">benzene-1,4-dicarboxaldehyde with two diamines</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">:</span><span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> ethane-1,2-diamine and propane-1,2-diamine was carried out to give Ligands </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">1</span></b></span><span> </span><span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">and </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">2</span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">. Additionally, template [1 + 2] condensation of ben</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">zene-1,4-dicarboxaldehyde with ethane-1,2-diamine and pr</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">opane-1,2-diamine were also carried out to give Ligands </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">3</span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> and </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">4</span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">. These were characterized using </span><sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;">1</span></sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;">H and </span><sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;">13</span></sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;">C NMR, UV-Vis and infra-red spectroscopy and mass spectrometry. Coordination compounds of each ligand were further synthesized using Ni(II) and Cu(II) ions. They were characterized </span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">by </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Uv-vis, infrared spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, magnetic susceptibility and energy dispersion X-ray spectroscopy EDX. The ligands and complexes were further analyzed</span><span> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">for their antimicrobial activities and extraction efficiency. The results obtained suggested that tetraaza macrocyclic and linear compounds </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">were</span><span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> obtained for [2 + 2] and [1 + 2] condensation reactions respectively. Coordination compounds of the macrocyclic ligand yielded octahedral geometry for Ni(II) and Cu(II) complexes of Ligand </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">1</span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> and square planar geometry for Ni(II) and Cu(II) complexes of Ligand </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">2</span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">. On the other hand square planar geometry was proposed for coordination compounds of Ligand </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">3</span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> and </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">4</span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> exception for the Ni(II) complex of Ligand 3. All ligands coordinated to the metal ion in a tetradentate fashion. In some cases chelation enhanced the antimicrobial activity of some of the ligands. The results further showed that Ligands </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">1</span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">-</span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">4</span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> effectively extracted cadmium(II). zinc(II) and lead(II) ions in solution.</span></span>展开更多
The urban environment has continued to experience changes from increasing impervious surfaces, which alters the proper functioning of the ecological zones and impairs water quality in the watershed. Impervious cover i...The urban environment has continued to experience changes from increasing impervious surfaces, which alters the proper functioning of the ecological zones and impairs water quality in the watershed. Impervious cover is predominantly used as an indicator to assist in understanding and forecasting the impact of human actions and other related activities on aquatic resources. In this study, the rate of change in land uses using the impervious surface as an indicator, and the percentage of imperviousness on the effect on water quality in the urban watershed were assessed. Ile-Ife was delineated as an urban watershed, and the percentage of imperviousness from 2008 to 2016 and the effect of imperviousness on water bodies were assessed. The study utilized ASTERDEM, Worldview (0.46 m), IKONOS (1.4 m), Landsat (30 m) for 2008 and 2016, GPS and Drone (10 cm). Water sampling was carried out in selected locations as generated by the impervious surface analyst tool, (ISAT). The percentage (%) of impervious surfaces accounted for 59.4% (4567.1/7691.5ha) in 2008 and 70.3% (5408.2/7691.5ha) in 2016, from the total number of lands investigated. The turbidity values from low to high regions were 32.3, 55.9 and 82.4 NUT. Changes in LULC of the watershed led to increased surface temperature, impermeable surfaces, and decreased vegetation, which exposes the area to flooding and reduced water quality. This study emphasized the importance of GIS and its integration into urban changes and water quality assessment.展开更多
The importance of Remote Sensing and Geographic Information System in map making cannot be overemphasized because of its ability to integrate spatial data with non-spatial data and also communicate the resulting infor...The importance of Remote Sensing and Geographic Information System in map making cannot be overemphasized because of its ability to integrate spatial data with non-spatial data and also communicate the resulting information in a way that everyone would understand. Several works have taken advantage of the abilities of these technologies to produce street maps using High Resolution Images. The increase in development in Ile Ife, Osun State, Nigeria, has brought about navigation challenge and associated difficulties. This work intends to produce a street map that will ease navigation within the study area and help in road network analysis, site suitability analysis etc. Aerial Photographs, captured in the year 2009 and GeoEye1 Satellite Image of 2011 were used to extract the road network of Ife Metropolis. The image was imported into ArcGIS environment, where the database was created having feature datasets such as roads and special features. To have all the elements in vector format, the image was digitized. The street names collected from the field work was inputted into the database and then subjected to cartographical processes. 512 Roads were captured within four classes of Road Network namely Express road (5), Secondary Road (25), Primary Roads (22) and Street Road (460). This field work revealed that a larger percentage of the roads were not paved, while most of the paved ones have deteriorated and the newly constructed ones were not documented. It also showed that some of the roads were not named according to the standard and some were not named at all. From this study, we recommend that the naming system should be standardized across the study area. It is also recommended that provision should be made for street map revision on a yearly basis so as to account for changes.展开更多
Sustainable development can only be achieved by conscious planning and implementation of action plans. Decision making requires a careful selection of the right conceptual framework and models for planning and impleme...Sustainable development can only be achieved by conscious planning and implementation of action plans. Decision making requires a careful selection of the right conceptual framework and models for planning and implementation processes. Planning process models dictate in very clear terms what must be done and how it is done to achieve a successful completion of a process of activity [1]. Since about 80% of data used to support decisions are geographically related [3], it is necessary to put Geographic Information Systems (GIS) at the core of the planning and implementation model. There exists a great disparity in a heterogeneous world. The locational disparity in achieving sustainable development, therefore, necessitates a planning model that is “location specific” i.e. identifies areas (locations) requiring intervention and areas (locations) requiring continuous improvement strategies. This was achieved in this study by reviewing Bell’s Information System Strategic Planning Model and Kaufman’s Strategic Planning Model, and the designing of new model to overcome the limitation of existing models. Practical application of the new model was carried out in education planning and administration in order to achieve the global goals for sustainable development 4 (quality education). Finding shows that the Comparative Geospatial Planning Model for “Location Specific” Intervention and Continuous Improvement Strategy is useful to support the achievement of sustainable development goals in multidisciplinary, multi-sector applicable instances.展开更多
Background/Purpose: Poor glycemic control in Nigeria necessitates assessment and standardization of diabetes care. This study aimed to assess real-world management of people with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and ty...Background/Purpose: Poor glycemic control in Nigeria necessitates assessment and standardization of diabetes care. This study aimed to assess real-world management of people with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) in Nigeria. Methods: This cross-sectional phase of the seventh wave of International Diabetes Management Practices Study, conducted between 22<sup>nd</sup> August and 30<sup>th</sup> September 2016, included adults with T1DM or T2DM during a two-week recruitment period. Results: Of 304 people with T2DM, 187 received oral glucose lowering drugs (OGLDs) only;88 received OGLDs + insulin;27 received insulin only. Metformin + sulfonylureas (128/187;68.45%) and premix only (76/115;66.09%) were the most used OGLD and insulin regimens respectively. Of 77 people with TIDM, all received insulin;six (7.79%) received OGLDs. Insulin initiation was noted around five years after diabetes diagnosis in T2DM (diabetes duration: 8.69 + 7.16 years;duration of insulin treatment: 3.17 ± 4.49 years). Proportion of people achieving glycemic targets (HbA1c Conclusion: Early insulinization and subsidized healthcare can improve long-term diabetes outcomes in Nigeria.展开更多
Organic persistent room-temperature phosphorescent(RTP)materials are promising for applications requiring the secure recording and anti-counterfeiting features owing to their appealing optical properties.Several criti...Organic persistent room-temperature phosphorescent(RTP)materials are promising for applications requiring the secure recording and anti-counterfeiting features owing to their appealing optical properties.Several critical challenges,such as the difficulty to obtain high-quality patterns over large areas and low security levels,need to be addressed to meet the requirements for commercial purpose.Here,we prepared a series of quaternary phosphonium salts with different alkyl chains,which showed interesting organic persistent RTP.The ionic characteristics and the alkyl chains of these molecules impart abundant weak intermolecular interactions.This confers the molecules a high crystallinity,which helps to preserve the persistent RTP properties and cover large areas.Moreover,the RTP lifetime of these organic salts varies over a wide range(1.27 to 884.71 ms)and can be tuned by simply changing the alkyl chain length and counterions,which opens new possibilities in multi-level information encryption applications.It is believed that the engineering of organic salts with tunable persistent RTP lifetimes and large-area printing can promote early-stage demonstrations of security applications into mature commercialization.展开更多
文摘Artificial Intelligence (AI) has progressively impacted healthcare around the world. The increasing need for readily available mental health services, coupled with the swift advancement of novel technologies, prompts conversations over the viability of psychotherapy approaches using engagements with AI. Despite the positive impacts, there are recognizable drawbacks associated with the application of AI in psychotherapy. Establishing a therapeutic alliance is difficult for non-human entities. Psychotherapy is a task too complex for limited artificial intelligence. AI appears capable of handling jobs that are clearly defined and relatively straightforward. Besides, AI malfunctions, data confidentiality, informed consent, and risk of bias are potential concerns. We present a literature update of possible solutions to overcome these concerns.
基金The presented single-cylinder hydrogen engine study forms part of an international research project(FVV project No.1446)performed by the Institute of Automotive Engineering(IFS)at University of Stuttgart under the direction of Prof.AndréCasal Kulzer and by the Automotive Powertrain Technologies Group of Dr.Patrik Soltic at Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology(EMPA)financially supported by Swiss Federal Office of Energy(SI/502205-01)FVV e.V.(funding No.6014462)。
文摘A circular and sustainable economy for the private transport sector requires a holistic view of the emitted CO_(2) emissions.Looking at the energy supplied to the vehicle in terms of a circular economy leads to defossilisation.The remaining energy sources or forms are renewable electric energy,green hydrogen and renewable fuels.A holistic view of the CO_(2) emissions of these energy sources and forms and the resulting powertrain technologies must take into account all cradle-to-grave emissions for both the vehicle and the energy supply.In order to compare the different forms of energy,the three most relevant forms of powertrain technology are considered and a configuration is chosen that allows for an appropriate comparison.For this purpose,data from the FVV project“Powertrain 2040”are used[1]and combined with research data on the energy supply chain for passenger cars.The three comparable powertrain configurations are a battery electric vehicle,a fuel cell electric vehicle and an internal combustion engine hybrid vehicle fueled with electric fuel.First,the three selected powertrain configurations are presented in terms of their performance,weight,technology and other characteristics.A comparative analysis is carried out for different CO_(2) emissions of the electricity mix.The electricity mix is used for both the production of the vehicle and the energy.The results are presented in the form of cradle-to-wheel emissions,which consider the total CO_(2) emissions of the vehicle over its life cycle.Finally,the results are analyzed and discussed to determine which powertrain technology fits best into which energy sector CO_(2) emissions window.
文摘Background: Obesity has become a serious global public health challenge, given that it leads to various adverse health outcomes that include cardiovascular illnesses, diabetes, and certain types of cancer. The World Health Organization (WHO) has estimated that, at the end of 2022, 1 out of every 8 individuals were obese, and that the global adult obesity rates have over doubled since 1990, even as the adolescent obesity rates have quadrupled. Thus, as of 2022, nearly 2.5 billion adults, aged 18 years and above, were overweight, with 890 million being obese. Obesity and overweight incidence rate has been gradually increasing over the years, presenting significant challenges to the healthcare systems throughout the globe. In this regard, the objective of this systematic review was to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of lifestyle modifications (diet and physical activity) and pharmacotherapy in promoting weight loss and improving metabolic health in overweight adults. Methodology: To attain the above stated study objective, a systematic evaluation of previous studies was carried out, particularly studies that assessed the effectiveness and safety of lifestyle modifications (diet and physical activity) and pharmacotherapy in promoting weight loss and improving metabolic health in overweight adults. The authors have used the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) in the selection of eligible studies for inclusion in the study. Results: The findings indicate that lifestyle interventions resulted in 5% - 10% weight reduction and significant improvements in metabolic indicators, while pharmacotherapy (GLP-1 receptor agonists) achieved up to 15% weight reduction and considerable metabolic health benefits. Further, comparative studies show lifestyle modifications provide overall health benefits, while medication is necessary for non-responders. Conclusion: Individualized treatment strategies are crucial, and further research is needed on long-term consequences and combination therapies.
文摘<span style="font-family:Verdana;">Aminoethanoic acid undergoes condensation with 1,4-benzenedicarboxaldehyde</span><span><span><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> to form an O, N, N, O donor Schiff base, </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">N,N'</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">-di(carboxymethylene)</span></span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:""> </span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">terephthalaldehyde, Ligand L. Coordination compounds of this Schiff base us</span><span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">ing Ni (II), Cu (II), </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">VO</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> (IV) and Co (II) were then obtained </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">in-situ</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">. The</span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> Schiff base and the complexes were evaluated for their antimicrobial and DNA binding abilities. Molecular docking studies of the ligand and synthesized compounds were also carried out. Evidence for the formation of the Schiff base coordination compounds and the coordinating atoms was obtained from </span><sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;">1</span></sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;">H NMR, infrared and ultraviolet spectral data, EDX, EDTA complexometric titration and magnetic susceptibility measurement. The results obtained are consistent with octahedral geometry for Ni (II) complex</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">,</span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> the metal ion coordinating to one molecule of Ligand L</span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> and</span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> with additional coordination with two oxygen atoms of two molecules of the solvent. A square-planar geometry was suggested for both Co (II), and Cu (II) complexes and a five-coordinate, square pyramidal geometry for the VO (IV) complex. The results further indicated that the carboxylic acid of Ligand L was not deprotonated both in the free base and also the complexes. In addition, the results showed that Compound 2 elicited the best antimicrobial activity potential. Generally, the compounds exhibited considerable good affinity to CT-DNA.</span></span></span>
文摘Mesoporous ceramic membranes were prepared from raw and modified diatomaceous earth alumi-nosilicate mineral precursors. The main modification component of the ceramic membranes was Ag-loaded TiO<sub>2</sub> nanoparticles (STOX). Chemical and microstructural characterizations of the raw materials and the modified precursors were carried out using Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) Spectroscopy, Particle Induced X-ray Emission (PIXE-IBA), Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDX) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The precursors and membranes were prepared and subsequently subjected to a high temperature sintering treatment for physico-chemical modification and stability. Remediation functionalities of the ceramic membranes on water samples were studied using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry (AAS), Total Bacterial Count Enumeration;Total Dissolved Solids (TDS), pH, and Electroconductivity (EC). Remediation experiments showed reductions in the concentration of certain cations such as Mg<sup>2+</sup>, Mn<sup>2+</sup>, Cd<sup>2+</sup>, Ni<sup>2+</sup> and K<sup>+</sup> by the modified ceramic membrane samples, while increased concentrations were observed for Ca<sup>2+</sup>, Na<sup>+</sup> and Mg<sup>2+</sup>. The antimicrobial microfiltration process showed 100% bacterial removal and 70% fungi removal in most of the samples. Membranes exhibited good flux output from 5.607 L/hr·m<sup>2</sup> (STOX-Z) to 39.245 L/hr·m<sup>2</sup> (ZEO-T) under a pressure of 0.0196 MPa.
文摘In this study, Enteromius parablabes [1] was analyzed with the aim of providing baseline information regarding the diploid chromosome number and karyotype differences of both sexes. The diploid chromosome number (2n) was 50 for both sexes, and this corresponds to the diploid chromosome number reported for most small African Barbus species. The fundamental number (NFa) of the male and female was 81 and 98 respectively. The first pair of metaphase chromosomes which has been suggested to be a marker for the small African Barbus group was conspicuously larger in the female karyotype. The karyotype of the female consisted more of metacentric (39m + 7sm + 2st + 2t) which is common in the group while the karyotype of the male which consisted more of telocentric chromosomes (10m + 21st + 19T) is scarce. The chromosomal number obtained for E. parablabes demonstrates its diploid status in the context of the ploidy lines characteristic of the African Barbus assemblage.
文摘<span style="font-family:Verdana;">Non</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">-</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">template [2 + 2] condensation of </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">benzene-1,4-dicarboxaldehyde with two diamines</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">:</span><span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> ethane-1,2-diamine and propane-1,2-diamine was carried out to give Ligands </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">1</span></b></span><span> </span><span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">and </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">2</span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">. Additionally, template [1 + 2] condensation of ben</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">zene-1,4-dicarboxaldehyde with ethane-1,2-diamine and pr</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">opane-1,2-diamine were also carried out to give Ligands </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">3</span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> and </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">4</span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">. These were characterized using </span><sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;">1</span></sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;">H and </span><sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;">13</span></sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;">C NMR, UV-Vis and infra-red spectroscopy and mass spectrometry. Coordination compounds of each ligand were further synthesized using Ni(II) and Cu(II) ions. They were characterized </span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">by </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Uv-vis, infrared spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, magnetic susceptibility and energy dispersion X-ray spectroscopy EDX. The ligands and complexes were further analyzed</span><span> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">for their antimicrobial activities and extraction efficiency. The results obtained suggested that tetraaza macrocyclic and linear compounds </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">were</span><span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> obtained for [2 + 2] and [1 + 2] condensation reactions respectively. Coordination compounds of the macrocyclic ligand yielded octahedral geometry for Ni(II) and Cu(II) complexes of Ligand </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">1</span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> and square planar geometry for Ni(II) and Cu(II) complexes of Ligand </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">2</span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">. On the other hand square planar geometry was proposed for coordination compounds of Ligand </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">3</span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> and </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">4</span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> exception for the Ni(II) complex of Ligand 3. All ligands coordinated to the metal ion in a tetradentate fashion. In some cases chelation enhanced the antimicrobial activity of some of the ligands. The results further showed that Ligands </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">1</span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">-</span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">4</span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> effectively extracted cadmium(II). zinc(II) and lead(II) ions in solution.</span></span>
文摘The urban environment has continued to experience changes from increasing impervious surfaces, which alters the proper functioning of the ecological zones and impairs water quality in the watershed. Impervious cover is predominantly used as an indicator to assist in understanding and forecasting the impact of human actions and other related activities on aquatic resources. In this study, the rate of change in land uses using the impervious surface as an indicator, and the percentage of imperviousness on the effect on water quality in the urban watershed were assessed. Ile-Ife was delineated as an urban watershed, and the percentage of imperviousness from 2008 to 2016 and the effect of imperviousness on water bodies were assessed. The study utilized ASTERDEM, Worldview (0.46 m), IKONOS (1.4 m), Landsat (30 m) for 2008 and 2016, GPS and Drone (10 cm). Water sampling was carried out in selected locations as generated by the impervious surface analyst tool, (ISAT). The percentage (%) of impervious surfaces accounted for 59.4% (4567.1/7691.5ha) in 2008 and 70.3% (5408.2/7691.5ha) in 2016, from the total number of lands investigated. The turbidity values from low to high regions were 32.3, 55.9 and 82.4 NUT. Changes in LULC of the watershed led to increased surface temperature, impermeable surfaces, and decreased vegetation, which exposes the area to flooding and reduced water quality. This study emphasized the importance of GIS and its integration into urban changes and water quality assessment.
文摘The importance of Remote Sensing and Geographic Information System in map making cannot be overemphasized because of its ability to integrate spatial data with non-spatial data and also communicate the resulting information in a way that everyone would understand. Several works have taken advantage of the abilities of these technologies to produce street maps using High Resolution Images. The increase in development in Ile Ife, Osun State, Nigeria, has brought about navigation challenge and associated difficulties. This work intends to produce a street map that will ease navigation within the study area and help in road network analysis, site suitability analysis etc. Aerial Photographs, captured in the year 2009 and GeoEye1 Satellite Image of 2011 were used to extract the road network of Ife Metropolis. The image was imported into ArcGIS environment, where the database was created having feature datasets such as roads and special features. To have all the elements in vector format, the image was digitized. The street names collected from the field work was inputted into the database and then subjected to cartographical processes. 512 Roads were captured within four classes of Road Network namely Express road (5), Secondary Road (25), Primary Roads (22) and Street Road (460). This field work revealed that a larger percentage of the roads were not paved, while most of the paved ones have deteriorated and the newly constructed ones were not documented. It also showed that some of the roads were not named according to the standard and some were not named at all. From this study, we recommend that the naming system should be standardized across the study area. It is also recommended that provision should be made for street map revision on a yearly basis so as to account for changes.
文摘Sustainable development can only be achieved by conscious planning and implementation of action plans. Decision making requires a careful selection of the right conceptual framework and models for planning and implementation processes. Planning process models dictate in very clear terms what must be done and how it is done to achieve a successful completion of a process of activity [1]. Since about 80% of data used to support decisions are geographically related [3], it is necessary to put Geographic Information Systems (GIS) at the core of the planning and implementation model. There exists a great disparity in a heterogeneous world. The locational disparity in achieving sustainable development, therefore, necessitates a planning model that is “location specific” i.e. identifies areas (locations) requiring intervention and areas (locations) requiring continuous improvement strategies. This was achieved in this study by reviewing Bell’s Information System Strategic Planning Model and Kaufman’s Strategic Planning Model, and the designing of new model to overcome the limitation of existing models. Practical application of the new model was carried out in education planning and administration in order to achieve the global goals for sustainable development 4 (quality education). Finding shows that the Comparative Geospatial Planning Model for “Location Specific” Intervention and Continuous Improvement Strategy is useful to support the achievement of sustainable development goals in multidisciplinary, multi-sector applicable instances.
文摘Background/Purpose: Poor glycemic control in Nigeria necessitates assessment and standardization of diabetes care. This study aimed to assess real-world management of people with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) in Nigeria. Methods: This cross-sectional phase of the seventh wave of International Diabetes Management Practices Study, conducted between 22<sup>nd</sup> August and 30<sup>th</sup> September 2016, included adults with T1DM or T2DM during a two-week recruitment period. Results: Of 304 people with T2DM, 187 received oral glucose lowering drugs (OGLDs) only;88 received OGLDs + insulin;27 received insulin only. Metformin + sulfonylureas (128/187;68.45%) and premix only (76/115;66.09%) were the most used OGLD and insulin regimens respectively. Of 77 people with TIDM, all received insulin;six (7.79%) received OGLDs. Insulin initiation was noted around five years after diabetes diagnosis in T2DM (diabetes duration: 8.69 + 7.16 years;duration of insulin treatment: 3.17 ± 4.49 years). Proportion of people achieving glycemic targets (HbA1c Conclusion: Early insulinization and subsidized healthcare can improve long-term diabetes outcomes in Nigeria.
基金financial support from the National Funds for Distinguished Young Scientists (61825503)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (62075101, 21701087 and 61775101)+1 种基金the National Program for Support of Top-Notch Young Professionalsthe Postgraduate Research & Practice Innovation Program of Jiangsu Province (46030CX18010)
文摘Organic persistent room-temperature phosphorescent(RTP)materials are promising for applications requiring the secure recording and anti-counterfeiting features owing to their appealing optical properties.Several critical challenges,such as the difficulty to obtain high-quality patterns over large areas and low security levels,need to be addressed to meet the requirements for commercial purpose.Here,we prepared a series of quaternary phosphonium salts with different alkyl chains,which showed interesting organic persistent RTP.The ionic characteristics and the alkyl chains of these molecules impart abundant weak intermolecular interactions.This confers the molecules a high crystallinity,which helps to preserve the persistent RTP properties and cover large areas.Moreover,the RTP lifetime of these organic salts varies over a wide range(1.27 to 884.71 ms)and can be tuned by simply changing the alkyl chain length and counterions,which opens new possibilities in multi-level information encryption applications.It is believed that the engineering of organic salts with tunable persistent RTP lifetimes and large-area printing can promote early-stage demonstrations of security applications into mature commercialization.
