Sodium-ion batteries(SIBs)hold great promise for large-scale energy storage in the post-lithium-ion battery era due to their high rate performance and long lifespan,although their sluggish Na^(+) transformation kineti...Sodium-ion batteries(SIBs)hold great promise for large-scale energy storage in the post-lithium-ion battery era due to their high rate performance and long lifespan,although their sluggish Na^(+) transformation kinetics still require improvement.Encouraged by the excellent electrochemical performance of titanium-based anode materials,here,we present a novel titanium vanadate@carbon(TVO@C)material as anode for SIBs.Our TVO@C material is synthesized via a facile coprecipitation method,with the following annealing process in an acetylene atomosphere.The opened ion channel and the oxygen vacancies within TVO@C facilitate the diffusion of Na^(+) ions,reducing their diffusion barrier.Thus,an ultrahigh rate of 100 A g^(-1)and long life of 10,000 cycles have been achieved.Furthermore,the TVO@C electrode exhibits stable performance,not only at room temperature,but also at temperatures as low as 20 C.The TVO@CjjNa_(3)V_(2)(PO_(4))_(3)@C full cells have also achieved stable discharge/charge for 500 cycles.It is believed that this strategy provides new insight into the development of advanced electrodes and provides a new opportunity for constructing novel high rate electrodes.展开更多
Rechargeable chlorine-based battery recently emerged as a promising substitute for energy storage systems due to their high average operating voltage(~3.7 V)and large theoretical capacity of~754.9 mAh g-1.However,insu...Rechargeable chlorine-based battery recently emerged as a promising substitute for energy storage systems due to their high average operating voltage(~3.7 V)and large theoretical capacity of~754.9 mAh g-1.However,insufficient supply of chlorine(Cl_(2))and sluggish oxidation of NaCl to Cl_(2) limit its practical application.Covalent Organic Frameworks(COFs)have the potential to be ideal Cl_(2) host materials as Cl_(2) adsorbents for their abundant porosity and easily modifiable nature.In this work,the single atom Mn coordinated biomimetic phthalocyanine COFs are used for Cl_(2) capture and catalyst.The DFT reveals that ASMn and-NH_(2) significantly change the microenvironment around the active site,effectively promoting the oxidation of NaCl.When applied as the cathode material for Na-Cl_(2) batteries,the SAMn-COFs-NH2 electrode exhibits large reversible capacities and excellent high-rate cycling performances throughout 200 cycles based on the mechanism of highly reversible NaCl/Cl_(2) redox reactions.Even at the temperature as low as-40℃,the SAMn-COFs-NH2 cathode showed stable discharge ca-pacities at~1000 mAh g^(-1) over 50 cycles with a voltage plateau of~3.3 V.This work may provide new insights for the investigation of chlorine-based electrochemical redox mechanisms and the design of green nanoscaled electrodes for high-property chlorine-based batteries.展开更多
Single-phase high-entropy carbides(HECs)are emerging as promising electrocatalysts for the hydrogen evolution reaction(HER)due to their widely tunable electronic configurations and the synergistic effects of multimeta...Single-phase high-entropy carbides(HECs)are emerging as promising electrocatalysts for the hydrogen evolution reaction(HER)due to their widely tunable electronic configurations and the synergistic effects of multimetallic sites.However,their controllable synthesis and mechanistic understanding remain significant challenges due to the thermodynamic immiscibility of the multi-metallic elements within the carbide structure.In this study,we demonstrate the first successful synthesis of single-phase HECs based on Mo and W systems through an innovative high-entropy design strategy.Guided by comprehensive thermodynamic predictions,the single-phase solid solution formation temperatures were determined for the HEC-n(n=2-9)series of high-entropy carbides.We achieved the configurational-entropy driven formation of HEC nanoparticles containing 4-9 transition metal elements via an ultra-fast joule heating process(i.e.,(TiZrHfVNbTaCrWMo)C).Through rapid synthesis and screening,we obtained(VNbCrWMo)C nanoparticles exhibiting the best HER activities and exceptional longterm stability over 168 h due to high-entropy composition design and synthesis strategies,outperforming unary,binary,ternary,quaternary carbides and carbides with more than six metallic elements.Theoretical calculations and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis reveal that the(VNbCrWMo)C high-entropy carbide achieves enhanced HER activity through multi-metallic synergy,where constituent elements cooperatively redistribute electron density at catalytic sites.This work provides a new pathway for the rational design of advanced metal carbide electrocatalysts,highlighting the potential of high-entropy effects in tailoring material properties for energy conversion applications.展开更多
An ESZ KTTV instrument of a new,relatively simple construction has been applied to determination of electric spark sensitivity of 29 polynitro arenes,expressed as spark energy,EES,required for 50-percent initiation pr...An ESZ KTTV instrument of a new,relatively simple construction has been applied to determination of electric spark sensitivity of 29 polynitro arenes,expressed as spark energy,EES,required for 50-percent initiation probability.The thermal stability thresholds,Tmax,were calculated from the published Arrhenius parameters of monomolecular thermal decomposition of the studied compounds,predominantly obtained under the conditions of the Russian manometric method.An approximate relationship has been found between the ln EES values and threshold Tmax values.In the sense of this relationship,the compounds studied fall into several sub-groups.The reason of the said diversification lies in the decomposition reaction rate at the temperature of onset of their thermal decomposition.It has been found that in each sub-group increasing thermal stability of polynitro arenes is accompanied by increasing electric spark sensitivity of these substances.This fact must be taken into account if we deal with the problem of electric spark energy transfer into the reaction centre of the molecule.展开更多
Access to natural resources is increasingly more difficult and more costly, partly due to their economic significance and to continuous increase of their global consumption in the recent years. In the case of phosphor...Access to natural resources is increasingly more difficult and more costly, partly due to their economic significance and to continuous increase of their global consumption in the recent years. In the case of phosphorus (P), which is a critical raw material, geological distribution of its primary nonrenewable source (phosphate rock) is concentrated in particular regions leading to high supply risk of this raw material. In Europe (EU-28), where phosphate rock reserves are scarce, import of phosphorus has been the main source of supply. It means that Europe relies highly on the foreign exporters. From decision makers' perspective, recycling of phosphorus was taken into account as one of the possible solutions to decrease the dependence on imports and extraction of reserves. The question, however, is to what extent does the recycling of phosphorus help in reducing the reliance on typical supply resources? Hence, the main objective of this paper is to quantify the dynamic flow of phosphorus and show potential benefits of its recycling in Europe. This article presents a system dynamics model for representation of the element P flow and helps to quantify to what extent the recycled phosphorus could mitigate its criticality. Analysis of the results supports previous studies indicating the high reliance ofEU on P imports, estimating around 96% as the reliance percentage on imports. The results imply that improving P recycling has the potential to decrease the level of P imports to a certain extent, which may reach 79%.展开更多
Poly（ether imide） （PEI） membrane with enhanced antifouling property was successfully prepared in a mild and simple procedure. The virgin membrane was firstly functionalized with an aqueous solution of diamino-term...Poly（ether imide） （PEI） membrane with enhanced antifouling property was successfully prepared in a mild and simple procedure. The virgin membrane was firstly functionalized with an aqueous solution of diamino-terminated poly（ethylene oxide） block copolymer （PEG-diamine）. Glutaraldehyde was used in a second step as a linker to chemically attach additional PEG-diamine to the primary amine groups grafted on PEI membrane surface. Immobilization of PEG segments was confirmed using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy. Ultrafiltration experiments revealed that the enhancement of a PEG coverage on the membrane surface provided superior anti-protein-fouling property. Cycles of protein filtration also demonstrated that the antifouling surface was stable over time and excellent ultrafiltration performance could be maintained without the need of harsh cleansing operation.展开更多
Vanadium-based compounds with high theoretical capacities and relatively stable crystal structures are potential cathodes for aqueous zinc-ion batteries(AZIBs).Nevertheless,their low electronic conductivity and sluggi...Vanadium-based compounds with high theoretical capacities and relatively stable crystal structures are potential cathodes for aqueous zinc-ion batteries(AZIBs).Nevertheless,their low electronic conductivity and sluggish zinc-ion diffusion kinetics in the crystal lattice are greatly obstructing their practical application.Herein,a general and simple nitrogen doping strategy is proposed to construct nitrogen-doped VO_(2)(B)nanobelts(denoted as VO_(2)-N)by the ammonia heat treatment.Compared with pure VO_(2)(B),VO_(2)-N shows an expanded lattice,reduced grain size,and disordered structure,which facilitates ion transport,provides additional ion storage sites,and improves structural durability,thus presenting much-enhanced zinc-ion storage performance.Density functional theory calculations demonstrate that nitrogen doping in VO_(2)(B)improves its electronic properties and reduces the zinc-ion diffusion barrier.The optimal VO_(2)-N400 electrode exhibits a high specific capacity of 373.7 mA h g^(-1)after 100 cycles at 0.1 A g^(-1)and stable cycling performance after 2000 cycles at 5 A g^(-1).The zinc-ion storage mechanism of VO_(2)-N is identified as a typical intercalation/de-intercalation process.展开更多
Lithium-ion batteries(LIBs)play a pivotal role in today's society,with widespread applications in portable electronics,electric vehicles,and smart grids.Commercial LIBs predominantly utilize graphite anodes due to...Lithium-ion batteries(LIBs)play a pivotal role in today's society,with widespread applications in portable electronics,electric vehicles,and smart grids.Commercial LIBs predominantly utilize graphite anodes due to their high energy density and cost-effectiveness.Graphite anodes face challenges,however,in extreme safety-demanding situations,such as airplanes and passenger ships.The lithiation of graphite can potentially form lithium dendrites at low temperatures,causing short circuits.Additionally,the dissolution of the solid-electrolyte-interphase on graphite surfaces at high temperatures can lead to intense reactions with the electrolyte,initiating thermal runaway.This review introduces two promising high-safety anode materials,Li_(4)Ti_(5)O_(12)and TiNb_(2)O_(7).Both materials exhibit low tendencies towards lithium dendrite formation and have high onset temperatures for reactions with the electrolyte,resulting in reduced heat generation and significantly lower probabilities of thermal runaway.Li_(4)Ti_(5)O_(12)and TiNb_(2)O_(7)offer enhanced safety characteristics compared to graphite,making them suitable for applications with stringent safety requirements.This review provides a comprehensive overview of Li_(4)Ti_(5)O_(12)and TiNb_(2)O_(7),focusing on their material properties and practical applicability.It aims to contribute to the understanding and development of high-safety anode materials for advanced LIBs,addressing the challenges and opportunities associated with their implementation in real-world applications.展开更多
There is an increasing interest in developing nanoparticles with diverse biologic activities.To this end,we prepared 10 to 15 nm silver nanoparticles(AgNP)from native isolates of Trichoderma atroviride.Within this stu...There is an increasing interest in developing nanoparticles with diverse biologic activities.To this end,we prepared 10 to 15 nm silver nanoparticles(AgNP)from native isolates of Trichoderma atroviride.Within this study,endophytic fungi hosted four medicinal plants in Saint Katherine Protectorate,South Sinai,Egypt have been isolated by surface sterilization technique on four isolation media.Ten species,based on their frequency of occurrence,out of twenty recovered taxa were tested for their capability to synthesize extracellular AgNPs.Trichoderma atroviride hosted Chiliadenus montanus was found to be the best candidate for the production of mycogenic AgNPs among all examined species.The mycosynthesized AgNPs were compared with chemically synthesized and characterized using Ultraviolet-visible(UV-vis)spectroscopy,Raman spectroscopy,X-ray diffraction(XRD)and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy(HRTEM)techniques.The HRTEM result showed the distribution of spherical AgNPs ranging from 10 to 15 nm.Trichoderma atroviride isolate was subjected to sequencing for confirmation of phenotypic identification.The internal transcribed spacer(ITS)1-5.8 s-ITS2 rDNA sequences obtained were compared with those deposited in the GenBank Database and registered with accession number MH283876 in the NCBI Database.Antibacterial,anticandidal and antifungal effects of chemically and mycosynthesized AgNPs were examined at various concentrations in vitro against six pathogenic bacteria and 4 pathogenic fungi by agar well diffusion technique.Standard antibiotics;Gentamicin,Amoxicillin,Clotrimazole,and Nystatin at 5μg/disk were taken as positive controls,while 5%DMSO was used as the negative control.Our data revealed that the application of mycogenic AgNPs at a concentration of 100 ppm resulted in maximum inhibition of pathogenic bacteria and fungi.These data suggest that AgNPs from native isolates of Trichoderma atroviride(MH283876)offer a source of rapid synthesis of eco-friendly,economical biomaterials that show antimicrobial activities.展开更多
Structural, electronic and mechanical properties of ZnO/Graphene（ZnO/G） nanolaminates fabricated by low temperature atomic layer deposition（ALD） and chemical vapor deposition（CVD） were investigated.We performed ...Structural, electronic and mechanical properties of ZnO/Graphene（ZnO/G） nanolaminates fabricated by low temperature atomic layer deposition（ALD） and chemical vapor deposition（CVD） were investigated.We performed scanning and transmission electron microscopy（SEM/TEM）, X-ray diffraction（XRD）, electron energy loss spectroscopy（EELS）, Raman spectroscopy, X-Ray photoelectron spectroscopy（XPS） and nanoindentation to characterize the ZnO/G nanolaminates. The main structural and mechanical parameters of ZnO/G nanolaminates were calculated. The obtained results were analyzed and interpreted taking into account mechanical interaction and charge effects occurring at the G-ZnO interface. The influence of graphene sublayers number on the mechanical behavior of the ZnO/G nanolaminates was studied. By reducing the bilayer thickness, the mechanical parameters of the films can be tuned（Young＇s modulus100-200 GPa, hardness 3-9 GPa）. The softer response of the multilayers as compared to the single layers of ZnO and graphene was attributed to the structural changes in the ZnO layer and the interfaces. This study shows the mechanical behavior of ZnO/G nanolaminates and their influence on the development of novel electro-optical devices based on these structures.展开更多
基金supported by National Nature Science Foundation of China(22105118)Nature Science Foundation of Shandong Provinces(ZR2021QB095)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2020TQ0183 and 2021M701979).
文摘Sodium-ion batteries(SIBs)hold great promise for large-scale energy storage in the post-lithium-ion battery era due to their high rate performance and long lifespan,although their sluggish Na^(+) transformation kinetics still require improvement.Encouraged by the excellent electrochemical performance of titanium-based anode materials,here,we present a novel titanium vanadate@carbon(TVO@C)material as anode for SIBs.Our TVO@C material is synthesized via a facile coprecipitation method,with the following annealing process in an acetylene atomosphere.The opened ion channel and the oxygen vacancies within TVO@C facilitate the diffusion of Na^(+) ions,reducing their diffusion barrier.Thus,an ultrahigh rate of 100 A g^(-1)and long life of 10,000 cycles have been achieved.Furthermore,the TVO@C electrode exhibits stable performance,not only at room temperature,but also at temperatures as low as 20 C.The TVO@CjjNa_(3)V_(2)(PO_(4))_(3)@C full cells have also achieved stable discharge/charge for 500 cycles.It is believed that this strategy provides new insight into the development of advanced electrodes and provides a new opportunity for constructing novel high rate electrodes.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32371809)the Zhejiang Public Welfare Public Research Program(LGC22B010001)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Provincial University of Zhejiang(2024TD002).
文摘Rechargeable chlorine-based battery recently emerged as a promising substitute for energy storage systems due to their high average operating voltage(~3.7 V)and large theoretical capacity of~754.9 mAh g-1.However,insufficient supply of chlorine(Cl_(2))and sluggish oxidation of NaCl to Cl_(2) limit its practical application.Covalent Organic Frameworks(COFs)have the potential to be ideal Cl_(2) host materials as Cl_(2) adsorbents for their abundant porosity and easily modifiable nature.In this work,the single atom Mn coordinated biomimetic phthalocyanine COFs are used for Cl_(2) capture and catalyst.The DFT reveals that ASMn and-NH_(2) significantly change the microenvironment around the active site,effectively promoting the oxidation of NaCl.When applied as the cathode material for Na-Cl_(2) batteries,the SAMn-COFs-NH2 electrode exhibits large reversible capacities and excellent high-rate cycling performances throughout 200 cycles based on the mechanism of highly reversible NaCl/Cl_(2) redox reactions.Even at the temperature as low as-40℃,the SAMn-COFs-NH2 cathode showed stable discharge ca-pacities at~1000 mAh g^(-1) over 50 cycles with a voltage plateau of~3.3 V.This work may provide new insights for the investigation of chlorine-based electrochemical redox mechanisms and the design of green nanoscaled electrodes for high-property chlorine-based batteries.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.22175077)the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2023YFA1507602)+4 种基金the Innovation Team Project in Guangdong Colleges and Universities(No.2021KCXTD009)the Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province(Nos.2024A1515010427,2022A1515010211 and 2021A1515012351)Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(No.2023A1515240081)the Natural Science Foundation of Guangzhou(No.SL2024A04J00660)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(Nos.21623103 and 21624412)
文摘Single-phase high-entropy carbides(HECs)are emerging as promising electrocatalysts for the hydrogen evolution reaction(HER)due to their widely tunable electronic configurations and the synergistic effects of multimetallic sites.However,their controllable synthesis and mechanistic understanding remain significant challenges due to the thermodynamic immiscibility of the multi-metallic elements within the carbide structure.In this study,we demonstrate the first successful synthesis of single-phase HECs based on Mo and W systems through an innovative high-entropy design strategy.Guided by comprehensive thermodynamic predictions,the single-phase solid solution formation temperatures were determined for the HEC-n(n=2-9)series of high-entropy carbides.We achieved the configurational-entropy driven formation of HEC nanoparticles containing 4-9 transition metal elements via an ultra-fast joule heating process(i.e.,(TiZrHfVNbTaCrWMo)C).Through rapid synthesis and screening,we obtained(VNbCrWMo)C nanoparticles exhibiting the best HER activities and exceptional longterm stability over 168 h due to high-entropy composition design and synthesis strategies,outperforming unary,binary,ternary,quaternary carbides and carbides with more than six metallic elements.Theoretical calculations and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis reveal that the(VNbCrWMo)C high-entropy carbide achieves enhanced HER activity through multi-metallic synergy,where constituent elements cooperatively redistribute electron density at catalytic sites.This work provides a new pathway for the rational design of advanced metal carbide electrocatalysts,highlighting the potential of high-entropy effects in tailoring material properties for energy conversion applications.
基金The research was carried out under the auspices of the Ministry of Education,Youth & Sports of the Czech Republic as a part of its research project No.MSM0021627501
文摘An ESZ KTTV instrument of a new,relatively simple construction has been applied to determination of electric spark sensitivity of 29 polynitro arenes,expressed as spark energy,EES,required for 50-percent initiation probability.The thermal stability thresholds,Tmax,were calculated from the published Arrhenius parameters of monomolecular thermal decomposition of the studied compounds,predominantly obtained under the conditions of the Russian manometric method.An approximate relationship has been found between the ln EES values and threshold Tmax values.In the sense of this relationship,the compounds studied fall into several sub-groups.The reason of the said diversification lies in the decomposition reaction rate at the temperature of onset of their thermal decomposition.It has been found that in each sub-group increasing thermal stability of polynitro arenes is accompanied by increasing electric spark sensitivity of these substances.This fact must be taken into account if we deal with the problem of electric spark energy transfer into the reaction centre of the molecule.
文摘Access to natural resources is increasingly more difficult and more costly, partly due to their economic significance and to continuous increase of their global consumption in the recent years. In the case of phosphorus (P), which is a critical raw material, geological distribution of its primary nonrenewable source (phosphate rock) is concentrated in particular regions leading to high supply risk of this raw material. In Europe (EU-28), where phosphate rock reserves are scarce, import of phosphorus has been the main source of supply. It means that Europe relies highly on the foreign exporters. From decision makers' perspective, recycling of phosphorus was taken into account as one of the possible solutions to decrease the dependence on imports and extraction of reserves. The question, however, is to what extent does the recycling of phosphorus help in reducing the reliance on typical supply resources? Hence, the main objective of this paper is to quantify the dynamic flow of phosphorus and show potential benefits of its recycling in Europe. This article presents a system dynamics model for representation of the element P flow and helps to quantify to what extent the recycled phosphorus could mitigate its criticality. Analysis of the results supports previous studies indicating the high reliance ofEU on P imports, estimating around 96% as the reliance percentage on imports. The results imply that improving P recycling has the potential to decrease the level of P imports to a certain extent, which may reach 79%.
基金financially supported by Faculty of Science Research Fund(No.154009)Faculty of Science,Prince of Songkla University and the exchange program PHC SIAM(No.27543VL)+2 种基金funding in Thailand by the Thailand Ministry of Education,the Thailand Research Fundthe National Science and Technology Development Agencythe Foreign Office and the Ministry of Education and Research
文摘Poly（ether imide） （PEI） membrane with enhanced antifouling property was successfully prepared in a mild and simple procedure. The virgin membrane was firstly functionalized with an aqueous solution of diamino-terminated poly（ethylene oxide） block copolymer （PEG-diamine）. Glutaraldehyde was used in a second step as a linker to chemically attach additional PEG-diamine to the primary amine groups grafted on PEI membrane surface. Immobilization of PEG segments was confirmed using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy. Ultrafiltration experiments revealed that the enhancement of a PEG coverage on the membrane surface provided superior anti-protein-fouling property. Cycles of protein filtration also demonstrated that the antifouling surface was stable over time and excellent ultrafiltration performance could be maintained without the need of harsh cleansing operation.
基金supported from the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province(ZR2022MB088)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22138013)+1 种基金the Taishan Scholar Project(ts201712020)the Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Program for college students of the China University of Petroleum(East China)(202207011)。
文摘Vanadium-based compounds with high theoretical capacities and relatively stable crystal structures are potential cathodes for aqueous zinc-ion batteries(AZIBs).Nevertheless,their low electronic conductivity and sluggish zinc-ion diffusion kinetics in the crystal lattice are greatly obstructing their practical application.Herein,a general and simple nitrogen doping strategy is proposed to construct nitrogen-doped VO_(2)(B)nanobelts(denoted as VO_(2)-N)by the ammonia heat treatment.Compared with pure VO_(2)(B),VO_(2)-N shows an expanded lattice,reduced grain size,and disordered structure,which facilitates ion transport,provides additional ion storage sites,and improves structural durability,thus presenting much-enhanced zinc-ion storage performance.Density functional theory calculations demonstrate that nitrogen doping in VO_(2)(B)improves its electronic properties and reduces the zinc-ion diffusion barrier.The optimal VO_(2)-N400 electrode exhibits a high specific capacity of 373.7 mA h g^(-1)after 100 cycles at 0.1 A g^(-1)and stable cycling performance after 2000 cycles at 5 A g^(-1).The zinc-ion storage mechanism of VO_(2)-N is identified as a typical intercalation/de-intercalation process.
基金financially supported by an Australian Research Council(ARC)Discovery Project(DP180101453)an Australian Renewable Energy Agency(ARENA)Project(G00849)+1 种基金the 2021 Ludo Frevel Crystal ography Scholarship Awardan AINSE Ltd.Postgraduate Research Award(PGRA)
文摘Lithium-ion batteries(LIBs)play a pivotal role in today's society,with widespread applications in portable electronics,electric vehicles,and smart grids.Commercial LIBs predominantly utilize graphite anodes due to their high energy density and cost-effectiveness.Graphite anodes face challenges,however,in extreme safety-demanding situations,such as airplanes and passenger ships.The lithiation of graphite can potentially form lithium dendrites at low temperatures,causing short circuits.Additionally,the dissolution of the solid-electrolyte-interphase on graphite surfaces at high temperatures can lead to intense reactions with the electrolyte,initiating thermal runaway.This review introduces two promising high-safety anode materials,Li_(4)Ti_(5)O_(12)and TiNb_(2)O_(7).Both materials exhibit low tendencies towards lithium dendrite formation and have high onset temperatures for reactions with the electrolyte,resulting in reduced heat generation and significantly lower probabilities of thermal runaway.Li_(4)Ti_(5)O_(12)and TiNb_(2)O_(7)offer enhanced safety characteristics compared to graphite,making them suitable for applications with stringent safety requirements.This review provides a comprehensive overview of Li_(4)Ti_(5)O_(12)and TiNb_(2)O_(7),focusing on their material properties and practical applicability.It aims to contribute to the understanding and development of high-safety anode materials for advanced LIBs,addressing the challenges and opportunities associated with their implementation in real-world applications.
文摘There is an increasing interest in developing nanoparticles with diverse biologic activities.To this end,we prepared 10 to 15 nm silver nanoparticles(AgNP)from native isolates of Trichoderma atroviride.Within this study,endophytic fungi hosted four medicinal plants in Saint Katherine Protectorate,South Sinai,Egypt have been isolated by surface sterilization technique on four isolation media.Ten species,based on their frequency of occurrence,out of twenty recovered taxa were tested for their capability to synthesize extracellular AgNPs.Trichoderma atroviride hosted Chiliadenus montanus was found to be the best candidate for the production of mycogenic AgNPs among all examined species.The mycosynthesized AgNPs were compared with chemically synthesized and characterized using Ultraviolet-visible(UV-vis)spectroscopy,Raman spectroscopy,X-ray diffraction(XRD)and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy(HRTEM)techniques.The HRTEM result showed the distribution of spherical AgNPs ranging from 10 to 15 nm.Trichoderma atroviride isolate was subjected to sequencing for confirmation of phenotypic identification.The internal transcribed spacer(ITS)1-5.8 s-ITS2 rDNA sequences obtained were compared with those deposited in the GenBank Database and registered with accession number MH283876 in the NCBI Database.Antibacterial,anticandidal and antifungal effects of chemically and mycosynthesized AgNPs were examined at various concentrations in vitro against six pathogenic bacteria and 4 pathogenic fungi by agar well diffusion technique.Standard antibiotics;Gentamicin,Amoxicillin,Clotrimazole,and Nystatin at 5μg/disk were taken as positive controls,while 5%DMSO was used as the negative control.Our data revealed that the application of mycogenic AgNPs at a concentration of 100 ppm resulted in maximum inhibition of pathogenic bacteria and fungi.These data suggest that AgNPs from native isolates of Trichoderma atroviride(MH283876)offer a source of rapid synthesis of eco-friendly,economical biomaterials that show antimicrobial activities.
基金support by Latvia National Research Program IMIS 2 and France-LatviaOSMOSE Project no. LVFR/2017/3the support from Ministry of Science and Higher Education of Poland by the Polish-Portuguese bilateral projectsupport by a grant (No. S-LAT-17-1) from the Research Council of Lithuania
文摘Structural, electronic and mechanical properties of ZnO/Graphene（ZnO/G） nanolaminates fabricated by low temperature atomic layer deposition（ALD） and chemical vapor deposition（CVD） were investigated.We performed scanning and transmission electron microscopy（SEM/TEM）, X-ray diffraction（XRD）, electron energy loss spectroscopy（EELS）, Raman spectroscopy, X-Ray photoelectron spectroscopy（XPS） and nanoindentation to characterize the ZnO/G nanolaminates. The main structural and mechanical parameters of ZnO/G nanolaminates were calculated. The obtained results were analyzed and interpreted taking into account mechanical interaction and charge effects occurring at the G-ZnO interface. The influence of graphene sublayers number on the mechanical behavior of the ZnO/G nanolaminates was studied. By reducing the bilayer thickness, the mechanical parameters of the films can be tuned（Young＇s modulus100-200 GPa, hardness 3-9 GPa）. The softer response of the multilayers as compared to the single layers of ZnO and graphene was attributed to the structural changes in the ZnO layer and the interfaces. This study shows the mechanical behavior of ZnO/G nanolaminates and their influence on the development of novel electro-optical devices based on these structures.
