Antiviral treatment is the main method for chronic hepatitis B(CHB).After antiviral treatment,some patients may obtain satisfactory therapeutic effect,but some patients still show primary non-response,suboptimal respo...Antiviral treatment is the main method for chronic hepatitis B(CHB).After antiviral treatment,some patients may obtain satisfactory therapeutic effect,but some patients still show primary non-response,suboptimal response,even resistance to nucleos(t)ide analogues or relapse,which are becoming the key problems and confusing the clinical staffs.Thus,in January 2013,editorial department of Chinese Journal of Experimental and Clinical Infectious Diseases(Electronic Edition),Chinese Journal of Liver Diseases(Electronic Edition)展开更多
Wide collection on the historic records of the climatic changes and flood events is performed in the Yangtze Delta. Man-Kendall (MK) method is applied to explore the changing trends of the time series of the flood dis...Wide collection on the historic records of the climatic changes and flood events is performed in the Yangtze Delta. Man-Kendall (MK) method is applied to explore the changing trends of the time series of the flood discharge and the maximum high summer temperature. The research results indicate that the flood magnitudes increased during the transition from the medieval warm interval into the early Little Ice Age. Fluctuating climate changes of the Little Ice Age characterized by arid climate events followed by the humid and cold climate conditions give rise to the frequent flood hazards. Low-lying terrain made the study region prone to the flood hazards, storm tide and typhoon. MK analysis reveals that the jumping point of the time series of the flood discharge changes occurred in the mid-1960s, that of the maximum summer temperature changes in the mid-1990s, and the exact jump point in 1993. The flood discharge changes are on negative trend before the 1990s, they are on positive tendency after the 1990s; the maximum high summer temperature changes are on negative trend before the 1990s and on positive tendency after the 1990s. These results indicate that the trend of flood discharge matches that of the maximum high summer temperature in the Yangtze Delta. The occurrence probability of the maximum high summer temperature will be increasing under the climatic warming scenario and which will in turn increase the occurrence probability of the flood events. More active solar action epochs and the higher sea surface temperature index (SST index) of the south Pacific Ocean area lying between 4 o N-4 o S and 150 o W-90 o W correspond to increased annual precipitation, flood discharge and occurrence frequency of floods in the Yangtze Delta. This is partly because the intensified solar activities and the higher SST index give rise to accelerated hydrological circulation from ocean surface to the continent, resulting in increased precipitation on the continent.展开更多
In this study,the analytical data set of 26 groundwater samples from the alluvial aquifer of Boumerzoug-E1 khroub valley has been processed simultaneously with Multivariate analysis,geostatistical modeling,WQI,and geo...In this study,the analytical data set of 26 groundwater samples from the alluvial aquifer of Boumerzoug-E1 khroub valley has been processed simultaneously with Multivariate analysis,geostatistical modeling,WQI,and geochemical modeling.Cluster analysis identified three main water types based on the major ion contents,where mineralization increased from group 1 to group 3.These groups were confirmed by FA/PCA,which demonstrated that groundwater quality is influenced by geochemical processes(water-rock interaction)and human practice(irrigation).The exponential semivariogram model WQI.Groundwater chemistry has a strong spatial structure for Mg,Na,Cl,and NO3,and a moderate spatial structure for EC,Ca,K,HCO3,and SO4.Water quality maps generated using ordinary Kriging are consistent with the HCA and PCA results.All water groups are supersaturated with respect to carbonate minerals,and dissolution of kaolinite and Ca-smectite is one of the processes responsible for hydrochemical evolution in the area.展开更多
Objectives:Breastfeeding mothers returning to work undertake multiple conflicting roles at home and work that can result in high levels of stress.Exploring coping skills amongst these mothers can help in planning usef...Objectives:Breastfeeding mothers returning to work undertake multiple conflicting roles at home and work that can result in high levels of stress.Exploring coping skills amongst these mothers can help in planning useful programmes to promote family wellbeing.This study aims to explore the experiences of working breastfeeding mothers and their coping mechanism against high levels of daily stress.Methods:In this qualitative study,we described the experiences of 20 Iranian breastfeeding mothers through in-depth and semi-structured interviews.All interviews were recorded,transcribed and analysed using thematic analysis.Results:Two main themes emerged as follows:1) self-management with subthemes of a) attitude reconstruction,b) order and planning,c) creating a boundary between work and family and d) reprioritising life affairs;and 2) seeking help with subthemes of a) family member support,b) childcare facilities and c) spirituality.Conclusions:Findings suggest that women need support from family members and family-friendly policies at the workplace.Breastfeeding mothers may benefit from educational programmes that focus on effective coping strategies.展开更多
Background: The unaesthetic appearance of the female intimate area (vulva, “mound of venus” and perianal region) is a triggering factor of negative psychological responses, embarrassment, anxiety and insecurity in m...Background: The unaesthetic appearance of the female intimate area (vulva, “mound of venus” and perianal region) is a triggering factor of negative psychological responses, embarrassment, anxiety and insecurity in many women. Using rejuvenating equipment for vaginal structure or for the intimate area as a whole is already widespread in the literature, and High-Intensity Focused Ultrasound (HIFU) has proven to be very effective in the clinical practice of many professionals. This study, therefore, aims to describe the fundamentals and applicability that guide the use of HIFU in vulvar rejuvenation. Materials and Methods: Exploratory research was carried out, presented in a narrative review, to highlight the action of HIFU in female intimate rejuvenation. The review explored scientific articles published and available in the following databases: MEDLINE (Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online), PubMed (National Library of Medicine), SCIELO (Scientific Electronic Library Online), and LILACS (Latin Literature American and the Caribbean in Health Sciences). In addition, some clinical findings obtained through a retrospective analysis of medical records were added to describe the authors’ clinical experience in the use of Focused Ultrasound (HIFU) for vulvar rejuvenation. Results: We verified that the tissues of female external genitalia respond very well to the stimuli of the focused sound waves of the HIFU, being able to produce immediate and lasting results through isolated applications or in association with intradermotherapy or other therapeutic resources. Conclusion: We conclude that using High Intensity Focused Ultrasound aimed at vulvar rejuvenation is safely indicated and assures excellent aesthetic results at the end of the treatment because similarly to other treatment techniques, the thermal stimuli of HIFU are also able to produce an excellent therapeutic response in the dermal tissue of the female intimate area, promoting intense neocollagenesis and generating great aesthetic improvement.展开更多
AIM To examine the effect of center size on survival differences between simultaneous liver kidney transplantation(SLKT) and liver transplantation alone(LTA) in SLKT-listed patients.METHODS The United Network of Organ...AIM To examine the effect of center size on survival differences between simultaneous liver kidney transplantation(SLKT) and liver transplantation alone(LTA) in SLKT-listed patients.METHODS The United Network of Organ Sharing database was queried for patients ≥ 18 years of age listed for SLKT between February 2002 and December 2015. Posttransplant survival was evaluated using stratified Cox regression with interaction between transplant type(LTA vs SLKT) and center volume.RESULTS During the study period, 393 of 4580 patients(9%) listed for SLKT underwent a LTA. Overall mortality was higher among LTA recipients(180/393, 46%) than SLKT recipients(1107/4187, 26%). The Cox model predicted a significant survival disadvantage for patients receiving LTA vs SLKT [hazard ratio, hazard ratio(HR) = 2.85; 95%CI: 2.21, 3.66; P < 0.001] in centers performing 30 SLKT over the study period. This disadvantage was modestly attenuated as center SLKT volume increased, with a 3% reduction(HR = 0.97; 95%CI: 0.95, 0.99; P = 0.010) for every 10 SLKs performed.CONCLUSION In conclusion, LTA is associated with increased mortality among patients listed for SLKT. This difference is modestly attenuated at more experienced centers and may explain inconsistencies between smaller-center and larger registry-wide studies comparing SLKT and LTA outcomes.展开更多
The aim of this study was to evaluate the level of protection of employees who are exposed to radiation in a level III hospital establishment. It was a descriptive cross-sectional survey of six months’ duration, invo...The aim of this study was to evaluate the level of protection of employees who are exposed to radiation in a level III hospital establishment. It was a descriptive cross-sectional survey of six months’ duration, involving eight level III Hospitals (Aristide Le Dantec, Fann, Hoggy, Hear, Abass Ndao, Pikine, Touba, and Thiès) in Senegal. Sixty-one of the one hundred questionnaires were recovered (overall response rate of 61%). The population of the study was mainly female (54.1%). The average age was 38.57 with extremes ranging from 23 to 65 years old. In the places where ionizing radiation sources are handled, only at the Aristide Le Dantec Hospital did we find a “competent person in radiation protection”. This explained the lack of a classification of employees and work areas. Forty out of sixty-one (73.77%) had no knowledge of the basic principles of radiation protection (justification, optimisation, dose limitation) and had not ever taken radiation holidays. For radiovigilance, exposure time limits to ionizing radiation concerned only 29/61 or 47.54% of the study population. The inverse square law of distance was known by only 40 workers, of whom 15 had no compliance. We found the presence of dosifilms in only 7/61 or 11.47% of the workers. On the other hand, the use of lead aprons was well established and concerned 57/61 workers,<em> i.e.</em>, 93.44%. In sum, ionizing radiation causes adverse health effects. The absence of a good radiation protection culture in Senegal requires the presence of at least 4 to 5 competent persons in radiation protection for quality training of workers in radiobiology, radiopathology and radiation protection.展开更多
Objectives: This work was carried out in order to determine the profile of different HPV genotypes in a population of women attending radiotherapy (RT). Material and Methods: This is a retrospective study. Sixty paraf...Objectives: This work was carried out in order to determine the profile of different HPV genotypes in a population of women attending radiotherapy (RT). Material and Methods: This is a retrospective study. Sixty paraffin blocks were chosen by simple random method upon 1015 blocks of cervix cancer diagnosed in Senegal’s public hospitals laboratories of anatomopathology. The strains of HPV genotyping were done with polymerase chain reaction (PCR) multiplex using primers MY09-MY11, GP5+ and GP6+. Results: Among the sixty examined blocks, DNA extraction was unsatisfactory in three cases. All women were infected with HPV high risk (HR). The different HPV genotypes isolated were HPV 16 (49/96%), 18 (8/16%), 35 (7/14%), 45 (4/8%), and 58 (2/4%). It was a single infection in 36 cases (70, 60%), co-infection in 11 cases (21, 60%) and a multi-infection in 4 cases (7, 80%). Conclusion: The prevalence of HPV found in our series is comparable to that found in the world. To complete this study, a large population of Senegalese patients with uterine cervix cancer (CC) and HPV genotype, is needed to determine if HPV genotypes could be considered as a prognostic marker in patients with uterine CC after RT.展开更多
Flow-electrode capacitive deionization(FCDI)is a newly developed desalination technology with a high electrode loading for superior salt removal efficiency,even with high feed salinity.However,the improvement in FCDI ...Flow-electrode capacitive deionization(FCDI)is a newly developed desalination technology with a high electrode loading for superior salt removal efficiency,even with high feed salinity.However,the improvement in FCDI performance could be restricted by obstacles such as poor charge transfer in the electrode slurry and agglomeration of the electrode particles.Therefore,various FCDIelectrode materials have been studied to overcome these bottlenecks through various mechanisms.Herein,a minireview is conducted to summarize the relevant information and provide a comprehensive view of the progress in FCDI electrode materials.Flow-electrode materials can be classified into three main groups:carbon materials,metalbased materials,and carbon-metal composites.Carbonbased capacitive materials with outstanding conductivities can facilitate charge transfer in FCDI,whereas metal-based materials and carbon-metal composites with ion-intercalative behaviors exhibit high ion adsorption abilities.Additionally,carbon materials with surface function groups can enhance electrode dispersion and reach a high electrode loading by electrostatic repulsion,further upgrading the conductive network of FCDI.Moreover,magnetic carbon-metal composites can be easily separated,and the salt removal performance can be improved with magnetic fields.Different electrode materials exhibit disparate features during FCDI development.Thus,combining these materials to obtain FCDI electrodes with multiple functions may be reasonable,which could be a promising direction for FCDI research.展开更多
The most obvious symptom of Al toxicity is the inhibition of root growth. However, the mechanism of Al-inhibiting root growth remains to be elucidated. In this study, auxin transport and vesicle movement of an auxin-e...The most obvious symptom of Al toxicity is the inhibition of root growth. However, the mechanism of Al-inhibiting root growth remains to be elucidated. In this study, auxin transport and vesicle movement of an auxin-efflux carrier (PIN2) were investigated in Arabidopsis roots in response to Al stress. Results indicated that Al inhibited the apical transport of auxin in root tips of Arabidopsis significantly. The severe inhibition was localized in the cells of transition zone, where the concentration of auxin was only 34% that of the control. Brefeldin A (BFA), an inhibitor of vesicle transport, induced the dot-like structure of PIN2 vesicle significantly. Al decreased the size of dot-like structure of PIN2 vesicles. Re- sults of real-time RT-PCR and Western-blotting analysis showed that Al increased the transcript level of PIN2 and the accumulation of PIN2 protein in horizontal direction of plasma membrane, but decreased its distribution in endosomes, suggesting that Al inhibited the transport of PIN2 vesicles from plasma membrane to endosomes. Results of cytoskeleton-depolymering drugs indicated that it was via the pathway of disruption of actin microfilaments that Al inhibited the transport of PIN2 vesicles. Exposed to Al stress, the cells of elongation zone had less Al uptake and less transport frequency of vesicles than cells of transition zone. Taken together, our results suggested that Al inhibited root growth mainly by modulating the transport of PIN2 vesicles between plasma membrane and endosomes, thus block- ing auxin transport and root growth.展开更多
Does foreign direct investment （FDI） into developing countries affect the growth of local firms in host countries？ Using a dataset of 38 sectors in China ＇s electrical and electronics industry, in this paper, we a...Does foreign direct investment （FDI） into developing countries affect the growth of local firms in host countries？ Using a dataset of 38 sectors in China ＇s electrical and electronics industry, in this paper, we analyze whether FDI has a positive effect on loeal firms, with technology spillovers, added value and increasing total faetor productivity, or a negative, market stealing, effect. Estimating the relationship between growth of local firms and investment offoreign firms, our results show that FDI is likely to have a negative impact on the growth of local firms in sectors with large disparities in technology and less experience in business. Therefore, local firms lacking in technology need to find markets with no competition from foreign firms or determine strategies to compensate technology disparities.展开更多
Compared with the surface,the deep environment has the advantages of allowing“super-quiet and ultra-clean”-geophysical field observation with low vibration noise and little electromagnetic interference,which are con...Compared with the surface,the deep environment has the advantages of allowing“super-quiet and ultra-clean”-geophysical field observation with low vibration noise and little electromagnetic interference,which are conducive to the realization of long-term and high-precision observation of multi-physical fields,thus enabling the solution of a series of geoscience problems.In the Panyidong Coal Mine,where there are extensive underground tunnels at the depth of 848 m below sea level,we carried out the first deep-underground geophysical observations,including radioactivity,gravity,magnetic,magnetotelluric,background vibration and six-component seismic observations.We concluded from these measurements that(1)the background of deep subsurface gravity noise in the long-period frequency band less than 2 Hz is nearly two orders of magnitude weaker than that in the surface observation environment;(2)the underground electric field is obviously weaker than the surface electric field,and the relatively high frequency of the underground field,greater than 1 Hz,is more than two orders of magnitude weaker than that of the surface electric field;the east-west magnetic field underground is approximately the same as that at the surface;the relatively high-frequency north-south magnetic field underground,below 10 Hz,is at least one order of magnitude lower than that at the surface,showing that the underground has a clean electromagnetic environment;(3)in addition to the highfrequency and single-frequency noises introduced by underground human activities,the deep underground space has a significantly lower background vibration noise than the surface,which is very beneficial to the detection of weak earthquake and gravity signals;and(4)the underground roadway support system built with ferromagnetic material interferes the geomagnetic field.We also found that for deep observation in the“ultra-quiet and ultra-clean”environment,the existing geophysical equipment and observation technology have problems of poor adaptability and insufficient precision as well as data cleaning problems,such as the effective separation of the signal and noise of deep observation data.It is also urgent to interpret and comprehensively utilize these high-precision multi-physics observation data.展开更多
涂尔干(Durkheim,1893)和韦伯(Weber,1905)认为,在社会与个体之间,价值是理解组织与变化的关键。这一观念可以扩展至管理当中:没有价值观就没有管理(Barnard,1938).这在公共领域尤为正确,并且,在传统公共服务价值观与新公共管理(NPM)所...涂尔干(Durkheim,1893)和韦伯(Weber,1905)认为,在社会与个体之间,价值是理解组织与变化的关键。这一观念可以扩展至管理当中:没有价值观就没有管理(Barnard,1938).这在公共领域尤为正确,并且,在传统公共服务价值观与新公共管理(NPM)所宣扬的效率理念之间,价值观对于公共管理的重要性问题比以往任何时候都更有意义并处于中心位置。在过去的30年间,新公共管理在公共组织改革框架中成为主导性概念(Pollitt and Bouckaert,2004)。在全球范围内,政府赤字比以往任何时候都受到政治界和媒体关注,在这样的背景下。展开更多
In this work we investigate the novel Kryzhnyi method for the numerical inverse Laplace transformation and apply it to the pricing problem of continuous installment options.We compare the results with the one obtained...In this work we investigate the novel Kryzhnyi method for the numerical inverse Laplace transformation and apply it to the pricing problem of continuous installment options.We compare the results with the one obtained using other classical methods for the inverse Laplace transformation,like the Euler summation method or the Gaver-Stehfest method.展开更多
Background:The significant malaria burden in Africa has often eclipsed other febrile illnesses.Burkina Faso’s first dengue epidemic occurred in 1925 and the most recent in 2013.Yet there is still very little known ab...Background:The significant malaria burden in Africa has often eclipsed other febrile illnesses.Burkina Faso’s first dengue epidemic occurred in 1925 and the most recent in 2013.Yet there is still very little known about dengue prevalence,its vector proliferation,and its poverty and equity impacts.Methods:An exploratory cross-sectional survey was performed from December 2013 to January 2014.Six primary healthcare centers in Ouagadougou were selected based on previously reported presence of Flavivirus.All patients consulting with fever or having had fever within the previous week and with a negative rapid diagnostic test(RDT)for malaria were invited to participate.Sociodemographic data,healthcare use and expenses,mobility,health-related status,and vector control practices were captured using a questionnaire.Blood samples of every eligible subject were obtained through finger pricks during the survey for dengue RDT using SD BIOLINE Dengue Duo(NS1Ag and IgG/IgM)®and to obtain blood spots for reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR)analysis.In a sample of randomly selected yards and those of patients,potential Aedes breeding sites were found and described.Larvae were collected and brought to the laboratory to monitor the emergence of adults and identify the species.Results:Of the 379 subjects,8.7%(33/379)had positive RDTs for dengue.Following the 2009 WHO classification,38.3%(145/379)had presumptive,probable,or confirmed dengue,based on either clinical symptoms or laboratory testing.Of 60 samples tested by RT-PCR(33 from the positive tests and 27 from the subsample of negatives),15 were positive.The serotypes observed were DENV2,DENV3,and DENV4.Odds of dengue infection in 15-to-20-year-olds and persons over 50 years were 4.0(CI 95%:1.0–15.6)and 7.7(CI 95%:1.6–37.1)times higher,respectively,than in children under five.Average total spending for a dengue episode was 13771 FCFA[1300–67300 FCFA](1$US=478 FCFA).On average,2.6 breeding sites were found per yard.Potential Aedes breeding sites were found near 71.4%(21/28)of patients,but no adult Aedes were found.The most frequently identified potential breeding sites were water storage containers(45.2%).Most specimens collected in yards were Culex(97.9%).Conclusions:The scientific community,public health authorities,and health workers should consider dengue as a possible cause of febrile illness in Burkina Faso.展开更多
文摘Antiviral treatment is the main method for chronic hepatitis B(CHB).After antiviral treatment,some patients may obtain satisfactory therapeutic effect,but some patients still show primary non-response,suboptimal response,even resistance to nucleos(t)ide analogues or relapse,which are becoming the key problems and confusing the clinical staffs.Thus,in January 2013,editorial department of Chinese Journal of Experimental and Clinical Infectious Diseases(Electronic Edition),Chinese Journal of Liver Diseases(Electronic Edition)
基金Sino-France Cooperation Foundation (PRA E02-07) The key project of CAS+3 种基金No.KZCX3-SW-331 National Natural Science Foundation of China No.40271112 Foundation of Key Laboratory of Flood and Waterlogging and Wet Land Agriculture of Hubei Province
文摘Wide collection on the historic records of the climatic changes and flood events is performed in the Yangtze Delta. Man-Kendall (MK) method is applied to explore the changing trends of the time series of the flood discharge and the maximum high summer temperature. The research results indicate that the flood magnitudes increased during the transition from the medieval warm interval into the early Little Ice Age. Fluctuating climate changes of the Little Ice Age characterized by arid climate events followed by the humid and cold climate conditions give rise to the frequent flood hazards. Low-lying terrain made the study region prone to the flood hazards, storm tide and typhoon. MK analysis reveals that the jumping point of the time series of the flood discharge changes occurred in the mid-1960s, that of the maximum summer temperature changes in the mid-1990s, and the exact jump point in 1993. The flood discharge changes are on negative trend before the 1990s, they are on positive tendency after the 1990s; the maximum high summer temperature changes are on negative trend before the 1990s and on positive tendency after the 1990s. These results indicate that the trend of flood discharge matches that of the maximum high summer temperature in the Yangtze Delta. The occurrence probability of the maximum high summer temperature will be increasing under the climatic warming scenario and which will in turn increase the occurrence probability of the flood events. More active solar action epochs and the higher sea surface temperature index (SST index) of the south Pacific Ocean area lying between 4 o N-4 o S and 150 o W-90 o W correspond to increased annual precipitation, flood discharge and occurrence frequency of floods in the Yangtze Delta. This is partly because the intensified solar activities and the higher SST index give rise to accelerated hydrological circulation from ocean surface to the continent, resulting in increased precipitation on the continent.
文摘In this study,the analytical data set of 26 groundwater samples from the alluvial aquifer of Boumerzoug-E1 khroub valley has been processed simultaneously with Multivariate analysis,geostatistical modeling,WQI,and geochemical modeling.Cluster analysis identified three main water types based on the major ion contents,where mineralization increased from group 1 to group 3.These groups were confirmed by FA/PCA,which demonstrated that groundwater quality is influenced by geochemical processes(water-rock interaction)and human practice(irrigation).The exponential semivariogram model WQI.Groundwater chemistry has a strong spatial structure for Mg,Na,Cl,and NO3,and a moderate spatial structure for EC,Ca,K,HCO3,and SO4.Water quality maps generated using ordinary Kriging are consistent with the HCA and PCA results.All water groups are supersaturated with respect to carbonate minerals,and dissolution of kaolinite and Ca-smectite is one of the processes responsible for hydrochemical evolution in the area.
基金financially supported by Tabriz University of Medical Sciences.
文摘Objectives:Breastfeeding mothers returning to work undertake multiple conflicting roles at home and work that can result in high levels of stress.Exploring coping skills amongst these mothers can help in planning useful programmes to promote family wellbeing.This study aims to explore the experiences of working breastfeeding mothers and their coping mechanism against high levels of daily stress.Methods:In this qualitative study,we described the experiences of 20 Iranian breastfeeding mothers through in-depth and semi-structured interviews.All interviews were recorded,transcribed and analysed using thematic analysis.Results:Two main themes emerged as follows:1) self-management with subthemes of a) attitude reconstruction,b) order and planning,c) creating a boundary between work and family and d) reprioritising life affairs;and 2) seeking help with subthemes of a) family member support,b) childcare facilities and c) spirituality.Conclusions:Findings suggest that women need support from family members and family-friendly policies at the workplace.Breastfeeding mothers may benefit from educational programmes that focus on effective coping strategies.
文摘Background: The unaesthetic appearance of the female intimate area (vulva, “mound of venus” and perianal region) is a triggering factor of negative psychological responses, embarrassment, anxiety and insecurity in many women. Using rejuvenating equipment for vaginal structure or for the intimate area as a whole is already widespread in the literature, and High-Intensity Focused Ultrasound (HIFU) has proven to be very effective in the clinical practice of many professionals. This study, therefore, aims to describe the fundamentals and applicability that guide the use of HIFU in vulvar rejuvenation. Materials and Methods: Exploratory research was carried out, presented in a narrative review, to highlight the action of HIFU in female intimate rejuvenation. The review explored scientific articles published and available in the following databases: MEDLINE (Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online), PubMed (National Library of Medicine), SCIELO (Scientific Electronic Library Online), and LILACS (Latin Literature American and the Caribbean in Health Sciences). In addition, some clinical findings obtained through a retrospective analysis of medical records were added to describe the authors’ clinical experience in the use of Focused Ultrasound (HIFU) for vulvar rejuvenation. Results: We verified that the tissues of female external genitalia respond very well to the stimuli of the focused sound waves of the HIFU, being able to produce immediate and lasting results through isolated applications or in association with intradermotherapy or other therapeutic resources. Conclusion: We conclude that using High Intensity Focused Ultrasound aimed at vulvar rejuvenation is safely indicated and assures excellent aesthetic results at the end of the treatment because similarly to other treatment techniques, the thermal stimuli of HIFU are also able to produce an excellent therapeutic response in the dermal tissue of the female intimate area, promoting intense neocollagenesis and generating great aesthetic improvement.
文摘AIM To examine the effect of center size on survival differences between simultaneous liver kidney transplantation(SLKT) and liver transplantation alone(LTA) in SLKT-listed patients.METHODS The United Network of Organ Sharing database was queried for patients ≥ 18 years of age listed for SLKT between February 2002 and December 2015. Posttransplant survival was evaluated using stratified Cox regression with interaction between transplant type(LTA vs SLKT) and center volume.RESULTS During the study period, 393 of 4580 patients(9%) listed for SLKT underwent a LTA. Overall mortality was higher among LTA recipients(180/393, 46%) than SLKT recipients(1107/4187, 26%). The Cox model predicted a significant survival disadvantage for patients receiving LTA vs SLKT [hazard ratio, hazard ratio(HR) = 2.85; 95%CI: 2.21, 3.66; P < 0.001] in centers performing 30 SLKT over the study period. This disadvantage was modestly attenuated as center SLKT volume increased, with a 3% reduction(HR = 0.97; 95%CI: 0.95, 0.99; P = 0.010) for every 10 SLKs performed.CONCLUSION In conclusion, LTA is associated with increased mortality among patients listed for SLKT. This difference is modestly attenuated at more experienced centers and may explain inconsistencies between smaller-center and larger registry-wide studies comparing SLKT and LTA outcomes.
文摘The aim of this study was to evaluate the level of protection of employees who are exposed to radiation in a level III hospital establishment. It was a descriptive cross-sectional survey of six months’ duration, involving eight level III Hospitals (Aristide Le Dantec, Fann, Hoggy, Hear, Abass Ndao, Pikine, Touba, and Thiès) in Senegal. Sixty-one of the one hundred questionnaires were recovered (overall response rate of 61%). The population of the study was mainly female (54.1%). The average age was 38.57 with extremes ranging from 23 to 65 years old. In the places where ionizing radiation sources are handled, only at the Aristide Le Dantec Hospital did we find a “competent person in radiation protection”. This explained the lack of a classification of employees and work areas. Forty out of sixty-one (73.77%) had no knowledge of the basic principles of radiation protection (justification, optimisation, dose limitation) and had not ever taken radiation holidays. For radiovigilance, exposure time limits to ionizing radiation concerned only 29/61 or 47.54% of the study population. The inverse square law of distance was known by only 40 workers, of whom 15 had no compliance. We found the presence of dosifilms in only 7/61 or 11.47% of the workers. On the other hand, the use of lead aprons was well established and concerned 57/61 workers,<em> i.e.</em>, 93.44%. In sum, ionizing radiation causes adverse health effects. The absence of a good radiation protection culture in Senegal requires the presence of at least 4 to 5 competent persons in radiation protection for quality training of workers in radiobiology, radiopathology and radiation protection.
文摘Objectives: This work was carried out in order to determine the profile of different HPV genotypes in a population of women attending radiotherapy (RT). Material and Methods: This is a retrospective study. Sixty paraffin blocks were chosen by simple random method upon 1015 blocks of cervix cancer diagnosed in Senegal’s public hospitals laboratories of anatomopathology. The strains of HPV genotyping were done with polymerase chain reaction (PCR) multiplex using primers MY09-MY11, GP5+ and GP6+. Results: Among the sixty examined blocks, DNA extraction was unsatisfactory in three cases. All women were infected with HPV high risk (HR). The different HPV genotypes isolated were HPV 16 (49/96%), 18 (8/16%), 35 (7/14%), 45 (4/8%), and 58 (2/4%). It was a single infection in 36 cases (70, 60%), co-infection in 11 cases (21, 60%) and a multi-infection in 4 cases (7, 80%). Conclusion: The prevalence of HPV found in our series is comparable to that found in the world. To complete this study, a large population of Senegalese patients with uterine cervix cancer (CC) and HPV genotype, is needed to determine if HPV genotypes could be considered as a prognostic marker in patients with uterine CC after RT.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52374423)the Science and Technology Innovation Program of Hunan Province(No.2021RC4010)the Science and Technology Major Project of Changsha(No.kh2401030)
文摘Flow-electrode capacitive deionization(FCDI)is a newly developed desalination technology with a high electrode loading for superior salt removal efficiency,even with high feed salinity.However,the improvement in FCDI performance could be restricted by obstacles such as poor charge transfer in the electrode slurry and agglomeration of the electrode particles.Therefore,various FCDIelectrode materials have been studied to overcome these bottlenecks through various mechanisms.Herein,a minireview is conducted to summarize the relevant information and provide a comprehensive view of the progress in FCDI electrode materials.Flow-electrode materials can be classified into three main groups:carbon materials,metalbased materials,and carbon-metal composites.Carbonbased capacitive materials with outstanding conductivities can facilitate charge transfer in FCDI,whereas metal-based materials and carbon-metal composites with ion-intercalative behaviors exhibit high ion adsorption abilities.Additionally,carbon materials with surface function groups can enhance electrode dispersion and reach a high electrode loading by electrostatic repulsion,further upgrading the conductive network of FCDI.Moreover,magnetic carbon-metal composites can be easily separated,and the salt removal performance can be improved with magnetic fields.Different electrode materials exhibit disparate features during FCDI development.Thus,combining these materials to obtain FCDI electrodes with multiple functions may be reasonable,which could be a promising direction for FCDI research.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 30771294 and 30471040)the International Foundation for Science of Sweden (Grant Nos. C/3042-1,2), and the DAAD (Ref423)
文摘The most obvious symptom of Al toxicity is the inhibition of root growth. However, the mechanism of Al-inhibiting root growth remains to be elucidated. In this study, auxin transport and vesicle movement of an auxin-efflux carrier (PIN2) were investigated in Arabidopsis roots in response to Al stress. Results indicated that Al inhibited the apical transport of auxin in root tips of Arabidopsis significantly. The severe inhibition was localized in the cells of transition zone, where the concentration of auxin was only 34% that of the control. Brefeldin A (BFA), an inhibitor of vesicle transport, induced the dot-like structure of PIN2 vesicle significantly. Al decreased the size of dot-like structure of PIN2 vesicles. Re- sults of real-time RT-PCR and Western-blotting analysis showed that Al increased the transcript level of PIN2 and the accumulation of PIN2 protein in horizontal direction of plasma membrane, but decreased its distribution in endosomes, suggesting that Al inhibited the transport of PIN2 vesicles from plasma membrane to endosomes. Results of cytoskeleton-depolymering drugs indicated that it was via the pathway of disruption of actin microfilaments that Al inhibited the transport of PIN2 vesicles. Exposed to Al stress, the cells of elongation zone had less Al uptake and less transport frequency of vesicles than cells of transition zone. Taken together, our results suggested that Al inhibited root growth mainly by modulating the transport of PIN2 vesicles between plasma membrane and endosomes, thus block- ing auxin transport and root growth.
文摘Does foreign direct investment （FDI） into developing countries affect the growth of local firms in host countries？ Using a dataset of 38 sectors in China ＇s electrical and electronics industry, in this paper, we analyze whether FDI has a positive effect on loeal firms, with technology spillovers, added value and increasing total faetor productivity, or a negative, market stealing, effect. Estimating the relationship between growth of local firms and investment offoreign firms, our results show that FDI is likely to have a negative impact on the growth of local firms in sectors with large disparities in technology and less experience in business. Therefore, local firms lacking in technology need to find markets with no competition from foreign firms or determine strategies to compensate technology disparities.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos.62127815,42150201,U1839208)
文摘Compared with the surface,the deep environment has the advantages of allowing“super-quiet and ultra-clean”-geophysical field observation with low vibration noise and little electromagnetic interference,which are conducive to the realization of long-term and high-precision observation of multi-physical fields,thus enabling the solution of a series of geoscience problems.In the Panyidong Coal Mine,where there are extensive underground tunnels at the depth of 848 m below sea level,we carried out the first deep-underground geophysical observations,including radioactivity,gravity,magnetic,magnetotelluric,background vibration and six-component seismic observations.We concluded from these measurements that(1)the background of deep subsurface gravity noise in the long-period frequency band less than 2 Hz is nearly two orders of magnitude weaker than that in the surface observation environment;(2)the underground electric field is obviously weaker than the surface electric field,and the relatively high frequency of the underground field,greater than 1 Hz,is more than two orders of magnitude weaker than that of the surface electric field;the east-west magnetic field underground is approximately the same as that at the surface;the relatively high-frequency north-south magnetic field underground,below 10 Hz,is at least one order of magnitude lower than that at the surface,showing that the underground has a clean electromagnetic environment;(3)in addition to the highfrequency and single-frequency noises introduced by underground human activities,the deep underground space has a significantly lower background vibration noise than the surface,which is very beneficial to the detection of weak earthquake and gravity signals;and(4)the underground roadway support system built with ferromagnetic material interferes the geomagnetic field.We also found that for deep observation in the“ultra-quiet and ultra-clean”environment,the existing geophysical equipment and observation technology have problems of poor adaptability and insufficient precision as well as data cleaning problems,such as the effective separation of the signal and noise of deep observation data.It is also urgent to interpret and comprehensively utilize these high-precision multi-physics observation data.
文摘涂尔干(Durkheim,1893)和韦伯(Weber,1905)认为,在社会与个体之间,价值是理解组织与变化的关键。这一观念可以扩展至管理当中:没有价值观就没有管理(Barnard,1938).这在公共领域尤为正确,并且,在传统公共服务价值观与新公共管理(NPM)所宣扬的效率理念之间,价值观对于公共管理的重要性问题比以往任何时候都更有意义并处于中心位置。在过去的30年间,新公共管理在公共组织改革框架中成为主导性概念(Pollitt and Bouckaert,2004)。在全球范围内,政府赤字比以往任何时候都受到政治界和媒体关注,在这样的背景下。
文摘In this work we investigate the novel Kryzhnyi method for the numerical inverse Laplace transformation and apply it to the pricing problem of continuous installment options.We compare the results with the one obtained using other classical methods for the inverse Laplace transformation,like the Euler summation method or the Gaver-Stehfest method.
基金This research project is part of the“Community research studies and interventions for health equity in Burkina Faso”We thank the Canadian Institutes of Health Research(CIHR),who funded the program(ROH-115213).V.Ridde holds a CIHR-funded Research Chair in Applied Public Health(CPP-137901).
文摘Background:The significant malaria burden in Africa has often eclipsed other febrile illnesses.Burkina Faso’s first dengue epidemic occurred in 1925 and the most recent in 2013.Yet there is still very little known about dengue prevalence,its vector proliferation,and its poverty and equity impacts.Methods:An exploratory cross-sectional survey was performed from December 2013 to January 2014.Six primary healthcare centers in Ouagadougou were selected based on previously reported presence of Flavivirus.All patients consulting with fever or having had fever within the previous week and with a negative rapid diagnostic test(RDT)for malaria were invited to participate.Sociodemographic data,healthcare use and expenses,mobility,health-related status,and vector control practices were captured using a questionnaire.Blood samples of every eligible subject were obtained through finger pricks during the survey for dengue RDT using SD BIOLINE Dengue Duo(NS1Ag and IgG/IgM)®and to obtain blood spots for reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR)analysis.In a sample of randomly selected yards and those of patients,potential Aedes breeding sites were found and described.Larvae were collected and brought to the laboratory to monitor the emergence of adults and identify the species.Results:Of the 379 subjects,8.7%(33/379)had positive RDTs for dengue.Following the 2009 WHO classification,38.3%(145/379)had presumptive,probable,or confirmed dengue,based on either clinical symptoms or laboratory testing.Of 60 samples tested by RT-PCR(33 from the positive tests and 27 from the subsample of negatives),15 were positive.The serotypes observed were DENV2,DENV3,and DENV4.Odds of dengue infection in 15-to-20-year-olds and persons over 50 years were 4.0(CI 95%:1.0–15.6)and 7.7(CI 95%:1.6–37.1)times higher,respectively,than in children under five.Average total spending for a dengue episode was 13771 FCFA[1300–67300 FCFA](1$US=478 FCFA).On average,2.6 breeding sites were found per yard.Potential Aedes breeding sites were found near 71.4%(21/28)of patients,but no adult Aedes were found.The most frequently identified potential breeding sites were water storage containers(45.2%).Most specimens collected in yards were Culex(97.9%).Conclusions:The scientific community,public health authorities,and health workers should consider dengue as a possible cause of febrile illness in Burkina Faso.
