Improving cotton irrigation management practices in West Texas is important for increasing farmers＇ profits and for sustainability of the Ogallala aquifer. The objective of this work was to evaluate the effects in fi...Improving cotton irrigation management practices in West Texas is important for increasing farmers＇ profits and for sustainability of the Ogallala aquifer. The objective of this work was to evaluate the effects in field controlled episodic drought conditions on cotton gas exchange. Irrigated cotton was subjected to water stress at different timings. Irrigation was interrupted at the squaring stage, early flowering stage, from three weeks at peak bloom, and from peak bloom to the crop termination. These episodic drought treatments were compared with cotton fully irrigated throughout the whole season. From 2010 to 2012, cotton cultivar FM9180 gas exchange was measured throughout the season using a LiCor-6400 portable photosynthesis system. In 2011 and 2012, measurements were also made on DP0935 cultivar. The cotton physiological parameters evaluated included photosynthesis, transpiration and temperature. From the several parameters evaluated, some relationships were presented. Episodic drought periods can affect leaf-level gas exchange and impact yield. Photosynthesis and yield were particularly sensitive to water deficit at early flowering. Despite an increase in leaf water use efficiency under water deficit, overall growth and yield were inhibited in all treatments with a stress component. Understanding the relative sensitivity at different growth stages can help with irrigation decisions when water resources are limited.展开更多
Indaziflam is a new preemergence herbicide for the control of annual grass and broadleaf weeds in various cropping systems including pecan orchards.The objectives of this study were to（1） determine the mobility and ...Indaziflam is a new preemergence herbicide for the control of annual grass and broadleaf weeds in various cropping systems including pecan orchards.The objectives of this study were to（1） determine the mobility and dissipation of indaziflam and（2） evaluate herbicide efficacy in a flood-irrigated pecan orchard in southern New Mexico,USA.Indaziflam was applied at 0,35.5,and 73.1 g/ha in areas with（impacted） and without（unimpacted） tree injury symptoms.Soil samples were collected at 0-15,15-30,and 30-46 cm depths 25,63,90,and 125 days after the first herbicide application.Additional soil samples were collected 4,30,and 55 days after the second application.Indaziflam was detected in soil samples collected at each depth,suggesting movement with irrigation water.Indaziflam concentrations decreased with increasing soil depth and time.Indaziflam mass recoveries were greater in the unimpacted area than in the impacted area after the first and second applications.Dissipation half-lives of indaziflam in the soil ranged from 30 to 85 days for total indaziflam recovered from the entire soil profile after the first and second applications in both areas.The percent weed control was similar in the impacted and unimpacted areas for both rates of indaziflam on 25 and 53 days after application;however,on 90 days after the application,percent weed control was lower in the impacted than unimpacted area.展开更多
We experimentally investigate deep reinforcement learning(DRL)as an artificial intelligence approach to control a quantum system.We verify that DRL explores fast and robust digital quantum controls with operation time...We experimentally investigate deep reinforcement learning(DRL)as an artificial intelligence approach to control a quantum system.We verify that DRL explores fast and robust digital quantum controls with operation time analytically hinted by shortcuts to adiabaticity.In particular,the protocol’s robustness against both over-rotations and off-resonance errors can still be achieved simultaneously without any priori input.For the thorough comparison,we choose the task as single-qubit flipping,in which various analytical methods are well-developed as the benchmark,ensuring their feasibility in the quantum system as well.Consequently,a gate operation is demonstrated on a trapped^(171) Yb^(+)ion,significantly outperforming analytical pulses in the gate time and energy cost with hybrid robustness,as well as the fidelity after repetitive operations under time-varying stochastic errors.Our experiments reveal a framework of computer-inspired quantum control,which can be extended to other complicated tasks without loss of generality.展开更多
文摘Improving cotton irrigation management practices in West Texas is important for increasing farmers＇ profits and for sustainability of the Ogallala aquifer. The objective of this work was to evaluate the effects in field controlled episodic drought conditions on cotton gas exchange. Irrigated cotton was subjected to water stress at different timings. Irrigation was interrupted at the squaring stage, early flowering stage, from three weeks at peak bloom, and from peak bloom to the crop termination. These episodic drought treatments were compared with cotton fully irrigated throughout the whole season. From 2010 to 2012, cotton cultivar FM9180 gas exchange was measured throughout the season using a LiCor-6400 portable photosynthesis system. In 2011 and 2012, measurements were also made on DP0935 cultivar. The cotton physiological parameters evaluated included photosynthesis, transpiration and temperature. From the several parameters evaluated, some relationships were presented. Episodic drought periods can affect leaf-level gas exchange and impact yield. Photosynthesis and yield were particularly sensitive to water deficit at early flowering. Despite an increase in leaf water use efficiency under water deficit, overall growth and yield were inhibited in all treatments with a stress component. Understanding the relative sensitivity at different growth stages can help with irrigation decisions when water resources are limited.
基金supported by grants from Bayer CropScienceNakayama endowment,New Mexico State University Agricultural Experiment Station,owners of the pecan orchard for support
文摘Indaziflam is a new preemergence herbicide for the control of annual grass and broadleaf weeds in various cropping systems including pecan orchards.The objectives of this study were to（1） determine the mobility and dissipation of indaziflam and（2） evaluate herbicide efficacy in a flood-irrigated pecan orchard in southern New Mexico,USA.Indaziflam was applied at 0,35.5,and 73.1 g/ha in areas with（impacted） and without（unimpacted） tree injury symptoms.Soil samples were collected at 0-15,15-30,and 30-46 cm depths 25,63,90,and 125 days after the first herbicide application.Additional soil samples were collected 4,30,and 55 days after the second application.Indaziflam was detected in soil samples collected at each depth,suggesting movement with irrigation water.Indaziflam concentrations decreased with increasing soil depth and time.Indaziflam mass recoveries were greater in the unimpacted area than in the impacted area after the first and second applications.Dissipation half-lives of indaziflam in the soil ranged from 30 to 85 days for total indaziflam recovered from the entire soil profile after the first and second applications in both areas.The percent weed control was similar in the impacted and unimpacted areas for both rates of indaziflam on 25 and 53 days after application;however,on 90 days after the application,percent weed control was lower in the impacted than unimpacted area.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.11874343,61327901,11774335,and 11734015)n-hui Initiative in Quantum Information Technologies(Grant Nos.AHY020100,and AHY070000)+12 种基金Key Research Program of Frontier Sciences,Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant No.QYZDYSSW-SLH003)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.12075145)STCSM(Grant No.2019SHZDZX01-ZX04)Program for Eastern Scholar,QMi CS(Grant No.820505)Open Super Q(Grant No.820363)of the EU Flagship on Quantum TechnologiesSpanish Government PGC2018-095113-B-I00(MCIU/AEI/FEDER,UE)Basque Government IT986-16EU FET Open Grant Quromorphic(Grant No.828826)EPIQUS(Grant No.899368)the Ramony Cajal Program(Grant No.RYC-2017-22482)Ramony Cajal Program(Grant No.RYC2018-025197-I)the EUR2020-112117 Project of the Spanish MICINNthe support from the UPV/EHU through the grant EHUr OPE。
文摘We experimentally investigate deep reinforcement learning(DRL)as an artificial intelligence approach to control a quantum system.We verify that DRL explores fast and robust digital quantum controls with operation time analytically hinted by shortcuts to adiabaticity.In particular,the protocol’s robustness against both over-rotations and off-resonance errors can still be achieved simultaneously without any priori input.For the thorough comparison,we choose the task as single-qubit flipping,in which various analytical methods are well-developed as the benchmark,ensuring their feasibility in the quantum system as well.Consequently,a gate operation is demonstrated on a trapped^(171) Yb^(+)ion,significantly outperforming analytical pulses in the gate time and energy cost with hybrid robustness,as well as the fidelity after repetitive operations under time-varying stochastic errors.Our experiments reveal a framework of computer-inspired quantum control,which can be extended to other complicated tasks without loss of generality.
