Lithium-sulfur batteries(LSBs)are a promising candidate for next-generation energy storage solutions.However,challenges such as the shuttling effect and sluggish Li-S reaction kinetics of lithium polysulfides hinder t...Lithium-sulfur batteries(LSBs)are a promising candidate for next-generation energy storage solutions.However,challenges such as the shuttling effect and sluggish Li-S reaction kinetics of lithium polysulfides hinder their practical application.In this work,we present a mixed-phase heterostructure comprising Co_(0.85)Se and MoSe_(2),supported on nitrogen-doped carbon polyhedrons(NCP),as an effective sulfur host in the LSB cathode.Through a combination of theoretical calculations and experimental validation,we demonstrate that the Co_(0.85)Se-MoSe_(2)heterointerface significantly enhances electron transfer efficiency,thereby boosting the overall reaction kinetics of the sulfur cathode.As a result,the Co_(0.85)Se-MoSe_(2)/NCP/S electrodes exhibit initial specific capacities exceeding 1500 mAh g^(-1)at 0.1 C and retain 666 m Ah g^(-1)at 3 C,with a capacity fade rate of 0.044%per cycle over 500 cycles at 1.0 C.Notably,even at a high sulfur loading of 3 mg cm^(-2)and a reduced electrolyte volume of 6.7μL mgS^(-1),the Co_(0.85)SeMoSe_(2)/NCP/S electrodes maintain a capacity of 432 mAh g^(-1)after 100 cycles at 0.2 C.展开更多
The aim of the present study was to screen cardioactive herbs from Western Ghats of India. The heart beat rate （HBR） and blood flow during systole and diastole were tested in zebrafish embryos. We found that Cynodon...The aim of the present study was to screen cardioactive herbs from Western Ghats of India. The heart beat rate （HBR） and blood flow during systole and diastole were tested in zebrafish embryos. We found that Cynodon dactylon （C. dactylon） induced increases in the HBR in zebrafish embryos with a HBR of （3.968±0.344） beats/ s, which was significantly higher than that caused by betamethosone [（3.770±0.344） beats/s]. The EC50 value of C. dactylon was 3.738 μg/mL. The methanolic extract of Sida acuta （S. acuta） led to decreases in the HBR in zebrafish embryos [（1.877 ±0.079） beats/s], which was greater than that caused by nebivolol （positive control）. The EC50 value of Sida acuta was 1.195 μg/mL. The untreated embryos had a HBR of （2.685±0.160） beats/s at 3 d post fertilization （dpf）. The velocities of blood flow during the cardiac cycle were （2,291.667 ±72.169） μm/s for the control, （4,250± 125.000） μm/s for C. dactylon and （1,083.333±72.169） μm/s for S. acuta. The LC50 values were 32.6 μg/mL for C. dactylon and 20.9 μg/mL for S. acuta. In addition, the extracts exhibited no chemical genetic effects in the drug dosage range tested. In conclusion, we developed an assay that can measure changes in cardiac function in response to herbal small molecules and determine the cardiogenic effects by microvideography.展开更多
Objective:The aim of the present study was to isolate the anti-MRSA(Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus)molecule from the Mangrove symbiont Streptomyces and its biomedical studies in Zebrafish embryos.Methods:...Objective:The aim of the present study was to isolate the anti-MRSA(Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus)molecule from the Mangrove symbiont Streptomyces and its biomedical studies in Zebrafish embryos.Methods:MRSA was isolated from the pus samples of Colachal hospitals and confirmed by amplification of mecA gene.Anti-MRSA molecule producing strain was identified by!6s rRNA gene sequencing.Anti-MRSA compound production was optimized by Solid State Fermentation(SSF)and the purification of the active molecule was carried out by TLC and RP-HPLC.The inhibitory concentration and LC_(50)were calculated using Statistical software SPSS.The Biomedical studies including the cardiac assay and organ toxicity assessment were carried out in Zebraiish.Results:The bioactive anti-MRSA small molecule A,was purified by TLC with Rf value of 0.37 with 1.389 retention time at RP-HPLC.The Inhibitory Concentration of the purified molecule A_2 was 30μg/mL but,the inhibitory concentration of the MRSA in the infected embryo was 32-34μg/mL for TLC purified molecule A,with LC_(50)mean value was61.504μg/mL.Zebrafish toxicity was assessed in 48-60μg/mL by observing the physiological deformities and the heart beat rates(HBR)of embryos for anti MRSA molecule showed the mean of 41.33-41.67 HBR/15 seconds for 40μg/mL and control was 42.33-42.67 for 15 seconds which significantly showed that the anti-MRSA molecule A_2 did not affected the HBR.Conclusions:Anti-MRSA molecule from Streptomyces sp PVRK-I was isolated and biomedical studies in Zebrafish model assessed that the molecule was non toxic at the minimal inhibitory concentration of MRSA.展开更多
The demand of microelectronic devices postulated high energetic flexible energy storage devices. Flexible solid state supercapacitor is flawless possible candidate to fulfill the requirement of microelectronic devices...The demand of microelectronic devices postulated high energetic flexible energy storage devices. Flexible solid state supercapacitor is flawless possible candidate to fulfill the requirement of microelectronic devices. This investigation provides practical evidence of the use of flexible solid state supercapacitors based on MnOelectrodes with polyvinylpyrrolidone(PVP)-Li ClOgel electrolyte. Initially, different acid mediated growths of MnOhave been carried. Later, the electrochemical performances of MnOelectrodes have been carried out. Impressively, the fabricated symmetric flexible solid state supercapacitor(FSS-SC) device demonstrates the highest operating potential window of 1.6 V with extended cycling stability. Moreover, the cell exhibits high energy density of 23 Wh/kg at power density of 1.9 k W/kg. It is interesting to note that the device shows excellent flexibility upon bending at angle of 180° for number of times. These results clearly evidenced those symmetric FSS-SC devices based on MnOelectrodes are promising energy storage devices for microelectronic applications.展开更多
Halide perovskite solar cells(PSCs)have already demonstrated power conversion efficiencies above 25%,which makes them one of the most attractive photovoltaic technologies.However,one of the main bottlenecks towards th...Halide perovskite solar cells(PSCs)have already demonstrated power conversion efficiencies above 25%,which makes them one of the most attractive photovoltaic technologies.However,one of the main bottlenecks towards their commercialization is their long-term stability,which should exceed the 20-year mark.Additive engineering is an effective pathway for the enhancement of device lifetime.Additives applied as organic or inorganic compounds,improve crystal grain growth enhancing power conversion efficiency.The interaction of their functional groups with the halide perovskite(HP)absorber,as well as with the transport layers,results in defect passivation and ion immobilization improving device performance and stability.In this review,we briefly summarize the different types of additives recently applied in PSC to enhance not only efficiency but also long-term stability.We discuss the different mechanism behind additive engineering and the role of the functional groups of these additives for defect passivation.Special emphasis is given to their effect on the stability of PSCs under environmental conditions such as humidity,atmosphere,light irradiation(UV,visible)or heat,taking into account the recently reported ISOS protocols.We also discuss the relation between deep-defect passivation,non-radiative recombination and device efficiency,as well as the possible relation between shallow-defect passivation,ion immobilization and device operational stability.Finally,insights into the challenge and criteria for additive selection are provided for the further stability enhancement of PSCs.展开更多
We review recent developments on the synthesis and properties of two-dimensional materials which, although being mainly of an sp^(2) bonding character, exhibit highly disordered, non-uniform and structurally random mo...We review recent developments on the synthesis and properties of two-dimensional materials which, although being mainly of an sp^(2) bonding character, exhibit highly disordered, non-uniform and structurally random morphologies. The emergence of such class of amorphous materials, including amorphous graphene and boron nitride, have shown superior properties compared to their crystalline counterparts when used as interfacial films. In this paper we discuss their structural,vibrational and electronic properties and present a perspective of their use for electronic applications.展开更多
Solid-state cooling based on caloric effects is considered a viable alternative to replace the conventional vapor-compression refrigeration systems.Regarding barocaloric materials,recent results show that elastomers a...Solid-state cooling based on caloric effects is considered a viable alternative to replace the conventional vapor-compression refrigeration systems.Regarding barocaloric materials,recent results show that elastomers are promising candidates for cooling applications around room-temperature.In the present paper,we report supergiant barocaloric effects observed in acetoxy silicone rubber—a very popular,low-cost and environmentally friendly elastomer.Huge values of adiabatic temperature change and reversible isothermal entropy change were obtained upon moderate applied pressures and relatively low strains.These huge barocaloric changes are associated both to the polymer chain rearrangements induced by confined compression and to the first-order structural transition.The results are comparable to the best barocaloric materials reported so far,opening encouraging prospects for the application of elastomers in near future solid-state cooling devices.展开更多
Brain-derived neurotrophic factor(BDNF) has been proposed as a biomarker of schizophrenia and, more specifically, as a biomarker of cognitive recovery. Evidence collected in this review indicates that BDNF is relevant...Brain-derived neurotrophic factor(BDNF) has been proposed as a biomarker of schizophrenia and, more specifically, as a biomarker of cognitive recovery. Evidence collected in this review indicates that BDNF is relevant in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia and could play a role as a marker of clinical response. BDNF has been shown to play a positive role as a marker in antipsychotic treatment, and it has been demonstrated that typical antipsychotics decrease BDNF levels while atypical antipsychotics maintain or increase serum BDNF levels. Furthermore, BDNF levels have been associated with severe cognitive impairments in patients with schizophrenia. Consequently, BDNF has been proposed as a candidate target of strategies to aid the cognitive recovery process. There is some evidence suggesting that BDNF could be mediating neurobiological processes underlying cognitive recovery. Thus, serum BDNF levels seem to be involved in some synaptic plasticity and neurotransmission processes. Additionally, serum BDNF levels significantly increased in schizophrenia subjects after neuroplasticity-based cognitive training. If positive replications of those findings are published in the future then serum BDNF levels could be definitely postulated as a peripheral biomarker for the effects of intensive cognitive training or any sort of cognitive recovery in schizophrenia. All in all, the current consideration of BDNF as a biomarker of cognitive recovery in schizophrenia is promising but still premature.展开更多
Management of discarded tires is a compelling environmental issue worldwide.Although there are several approaches developed to recycle waste tire rubbers,their application in solid-state cooling is still unexplored.Co...Management of discarded tires is a compelling environmental issue worldwide.Although there are several approaches developed to recycle waste tire rubbers,their application in solid-state cooling is still unexplored.Considering the high barocaloric potential verified for elastomers,the use of waste tire rubber(WTR)as a refrigerant in solid-state cooling devices is very promising.Herein,we investigated the barocaloric effects in WTR and polymer blends made of vulcanized natural rubber(VNR)and WTR,to evaluate its feasibility for solid-state cooling technologies.The adiabatic temperature changes and the isothermal entropy changes reach giant values,as well as the performance parameters,being comparable or even better than most barocaloric materials in literature.Moreover,pure WTR and WTR-based samples also present a faster thermal exchange than VNR,consisting of an additional advantage of using these discarded materials.Thus,the present findings evidence the encouraging perspectives of employing waste rubbers in solid-state cooling based on barocaloric effects,contributing to both the recycling of polymers and the sustainable energy technology field.展开更多
The phase formation and thermoelectric(TE)properties in the central region of the Zn−Sb phase diagram were analyzed through synthesizing a series of Zn_(1+x)Sb(x=0,0.05,0.1,0.15,0.25,0.3)materials by reacting Zn and S...The phase formation and thermoelectric(TE)properties in the central region of the Zn−Sb phase diagram were analyzed through synthesizing a series of Zn_(1+x)Sb(x=0,0.05,0.1,0.15,0.25,0.3)materials by reacting Zn and Sb powders below the solidus line of the Zn−Sb binary phase diagram followed by furnace cooling.In this process,the nonstoichiometric powder blend crystallized in a combination of ZnSb andβ-Zn4Sb3 phases.Then,the materials were ground and hot pressed to form dense ZnSb/β-Zn4Sb3 composites.No traces of Sb and Zn elements or other phases were revealed by X-ray diffraction,high resolution transmission electron microscopy and electron energy loss spectroscopy analyses.The thermoelectric properties of all materials could be rationalized as a combination of the thermoelectric behavior of ZnSb andβ-Zn4Sb3 phases,which were dominated by the main phase in each sample.Zn1.3Sb composite exhibited the best thermoelectric performance.It was also found that Ge doping substantially increased the Seebeck coefficient of Zn1.3Sb and led to significantly higher power factor,up to 1.51 mW·m−1·K−2 at 540 K.Overall,an exceptional and stable TE figure of merit(ZT)of 1.17 at 650 K was obtained for Zn1.28Ge0.02Sb.展开更多
Pure bisregioisomers of fullerenes are highly desirable due to their potential applications in solar cell devices.The use of nanocapsules as supramolecular masks has proved successful in achieving regioselective Binge...Pure bisregioisomers of fullerenes are highly desirable due to their potential applications in solar cell devices.The use of nanocapsules as supramolecular masks has proved successful in achieving regioselective Bingel cyclopropanation of C_(70)to obtain 2 o’clock and 5 o’clock bisadducts.Here,we extend the mask strategy to Diels–Alder(DA)cycloaddition of C_(70)with acenes,showing a regiodivergent outcome depending on the length of the diene.The reaction of C_(70)⊂4·(BArF)8 with anthracene(An)yields 12 o’clock An2-C_(70)⊂4·(BArF)8 as the major species(>90%bisadduct ratio).Its crystal structure reveals the tight fit of the An moieties at contiguous windows of the tetragonal prismatic nanocapsule.In contrast,when the larger pentacene(Pn)is used,the reaction selectively affords the 5 o’clock Pn_(2)-C_(70)(>96%bisadduct ratio).Molecular dynamics studies show that the mask blocks the formation of the 2 o’clock isomer in both cases and optimizes the regioselective formation of 12 o’clock An_(2)-C_(70)or 5 o’clock Pn_(2)-C_(70).Finally,by taking advantage of the different degrees of background retro-DA,the mask is used as a supramolecular regioconverter,fully transforming mixtures of 2 o’clock and 5 o’clock bis-An_(2)-C_(70)into 12 o’clock bis-An2-C_(70).Moreover,the mask also completely regioconverts 12 o’clock An_(2)-C_(70)into 5 o’clock Pn_(2)-C_(70).展开更多
INTRODUCTION The urgent imperative to achieve“carbon peak and carbon neutrality”has spurred a surge of researchers to vigorously advance the development of renewable energy technologies.Under the circumstances,there...INTRODUCTION The urgent imperative to achieve“carbon peak and carbon neutrality”has spurred a surge of researchers to vigorously advance the development of renewable energy technologies.Under the circumstances,there is a burgeoning interest in developing diverse solar energy utilizationmethods.Photoelectrochemical(PEC)water splitting,a process that harnesses sunlight,semiconductor materials,and water to transform solar energy into hydrogen energy,has emerged as a promising,environmentally friendly,and cost-effective solution.展开更多
Low-dimensional materials have left a mark on modern materials science,creating new opportunities for next-generation optoelectronic applications.Integrating disparate nanoscale building blocks into heterostructures o...Low-dimensional materials have left a mark on modern materials science,creating new opportunities for next-generation optoelectronic applications.Integrating disparate nanoscale building blocks into heterostructures offers the possibility of combining the advantageous features of individual components and exploring the properties arising from their interactions and atomic-scale proximity.The sensitization of graphene using semiconductors provides a highly promising platform for advancing optoelectronic applications through various hybrid systems.A critical aspect of achieving superior performance lies in understanding and controlling the fate of photogenerated charge carriers,including generation,transfer,separation,and recombination.Here,we review recent advances in understanding charge carrier dynamics in graphene-semiconductor heterostructures by ultrafast laser spectroscopies.First,we present a comprehensive overview of graphene-based heterostructures and their state-of-the-art optoelectronic applications.This is succeeded by an introduction to the theoretical frameworks that elucidate the fundamental principles and determinants influencing charge transfer and energy transfer—two critical interfacial processes that are vital for both fundamental research and device performance.We then outline recent efforts aimed at investigating ultrafast charge/energy flow in graphene-semiconductor heterostructures,focusing on illustrating the trajectories,directions,and mechanisms of transfer and recombination processes.Subsequently,we discuss effective control knobs that allow fine-tuning of these processes.Finally,we address the challenges and prospects for further investigation in this field.展开更多
The saturated hydraulic conductivity(K_(s))and water retention curve(SWRC)parameters are important properties for simulating soil hydrological processes and characterizing soil conservation around the world.Therefore,...The saturated hydraulic conductivity(K_(s))and water retention curve(SWRC)parameters are important properties for simulating soil hydrological processes and characterizing soil conservation around the world.Therefore,K_(s) and SWRC are related with the soil physical quality(SPQ)and several SPQ indices can be derived from SWRC,such as the pore size distribution,relative field capacity,plant available water,drainable porosity,and soil hydraulic-energy indices(SHEI).It is well known that the soil structure can be assessed by using SHEI,but a possible physical relationship between K_(s) and SHEI was not examined yet.Therefore,the objective of this study was to investigate the behavior of K_(s) as function of SHEI for several soil textural classes.If this relationship be proved,then SHEI might be applied to improve the K_(s) prediction by PTF models.In this work,a data set of 395 measured SWRC's were fitted to the vG equation to obtain the SHEI to verify whether they are statistically correlated and physically dependent on K_(s).The resulting parametric and non-parametric correlation results were split up according to six textural classes.The significant influence of K_(s) on at least one of the absolute SHEI(A_(a) or WR_(a))was verified on the numerical scale when all textures were grouped and on numerical and pF scales for clayey and silty textures.K_(s) showed significant impact on A_(a) and WR_(a) indices in four textural classes.Furthermore,K_(s) had influence on the sum A_(a)þWR_(a) denoted in pF scale for five of the six textural classes,with a significant linear correlation in the clayey texture when log(A_(a)+WR_(a))was applied.The significant and high correlation of K_(s) on the ratios WR_(a)/AWC and A_(a)/4D was also observed in four of the six classes,and therefore the use of these indices is recommended for the development of PTFs for K_(s) prediction.展开更多
A novel miniaturized microfluidic platform was developed for the simultaneous detection and removal of polybrominated diphenyl ethers （PBDEs）. The platform consists of a polydimethylsiloxane （PDMS） microfluidic ch...A novel miniaturized microfluidic platform was developed for the simultaneous detection and removal of polybrominated diphenyl ethers （PBDEs）. The platform consists of a polydimethylsiloxane （PDMS） microfluidic chip for an immunoreaction step, a PDMS chip with an integrated screen-printed electrode （SPCE） for detection, and a PDMS-reduced graphene oxide （rGO） chip for physical adsorption and subsequent removal of PBDE residues. The detection was based on competitive immunoassay-linked binding between PBDE and PBDE modified with horseradish peroxidase （HRP-PBDE） followed by the monitoring of enzymatic oxidation of o-aminophenol （o-AP） using square wave anodic stripping voltammetry （SW-ASV）. PBDE was detected with good sensitivity and a limit of detection similar to that obtained with a commercial colorimetric test （0.018 ppb）, but with the advantage of using lower reagent volumes and a reduced analysis time. The use of microfluidic chips also provides improved linearity and a better reproducibility in comparison to those obtained with batch-based measurements using screen-printed electrodes. In order to design a detection system suitable for toxic compounds such as PBDEs, a reduced graphene oxide-PDMS composite was developed and optimized to obtain increased adsorption （based on both the hydrophobicity and rr-v~ stacking between rGO and PBDE molecules） compared to those of non-modified PDMS. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first demonstration of electrochemical detection of flame retardants and a novel application of the rGO-PDMS composite in a biosensing system. This system can be easily applied to detect any analyte using the appropriate immunoassay and it supports operation in complex matrices such as seawater.展开更多
A novel triple lines lateral-flow assay （LFA） with enhanced sensitivity for the detection of Leishmania infantum DNA in dog blood samples was designed and successfully applied. The enhanced LFA methodology takes adv...A novel triple lines lateral-flow assay （LFA） with enhanced sensitivity for the detection of Leishmania infantum DNA in dog blood samples was designed and successfully applied. The enhanced LFA methodology takes advantage of the gold nanoparticle tags （AuNPs） conjugated to polyclonal secondary antibodies, which recognize anti-FITC antibodies. The polyclonal nature of the secondary antibodies allows for multiple binding to primary antibodies, leading to enhanced AuNP plasmonics signal. Furthermore, endogenous control consisting of the amplified dog 18S rRNA gene was introduced to avoid false negatives. Using this strategy, 0.038 spiked Leishmania parasites per DNA amplification reaction （1 parasite/100 μL of DNA sample） were detected. Detection limit of LFA was found to be lower than that of the conventional techniques. In summary, our novel LFA design is a universal and simple sensing altemative that can be extended to several other biosensing scenarios.展开更多
elphbolt is a modern Fortran (2018 standard) code for efficiently solving the coupled electron–phonon Boltzmann transport equations from first principles.Using results from density functional and density functional p...elphbolt is a modern Fortran (2018 standard) code for efficiently solving the coupled electron–phonon Boltzmann transport equations from first principles.Using results from density functional and density functional perturbation theory as inputs,it can calculate the effect of the non-equilibrium phonons on the electronic transport (phonon drag) and non-equilibrium electrons on the phononic transport (electron drag) in a fully self-consistent manner and obeying the constraints mandated by thermodynamics.It can calculate the lattice,charge,and thermoelectric transport coefficients for the temperature gradient and electric fields,and the effect of the mutual electron–phonon drag on these transport properties.The code fully exploits the symmetries of the crystal and the transport-active window to allow the sampling of extremely fine electron and phonon wave vector meshes required for accurately capturing the drag phenomena.The coarray feature of modern Fortran,which offers native and convenient support for parallelization,is utilized.The code is compact,readable,well-documented,and extensible by design.展开更多
Achieving effcient,high-power harmonic generation in the terahertz spectral domain has technological applications,for example,in sixth generation(6G)communication networks.Massless Dirac fermions possess extremely lar...Achieving effcient,high-power harmonic generation in the terahertz spectral domain has technological applications,for example,in sixth generation(6G)communication networks.Massless Dirac fermions possess extremely large terahertz nonlinear susceptibilities and harmonic conversion effciencies.However,the observed maximum generated harmonic power is limited,because of saturation effects at increasing incident powers,as shown recently for graphene.Here,we demonstrate room-temperature terahertz harmonic generation in a Bi_(2)Se_(3) topological insulator and topological-insulator-grating metamaterial structures with surface-selective terahertz field enhancement.We obtain a third-harmonic power approaching the miliwatt range for an incident power of 75 mW-an improvement by two orders of magnitude compared to a benchmarked graphene sample.We establish a framework in which this exceptional performance is the result of thermodynamic harmonic generation by the massless topological surface states,benefiting from ultrafast dissipation of electronic heat via surface-bulk Coulomb interactions.These results are an important step towards on-chip terahertz(opto)electronic applications.展开更多
基金support from the 2BoSS project of the ERA-MIN3 program with the Spanish grant number PCI2022-132985/AEI/10.13039/501100011033funding from the Generalitat de Catalunya 2021SGR01581 and 2021SGR00457+9 种基金the European Union NextGenerationEU/PRTR,the Natural Science Foundation of Chongqing(No.2023NSCQ-MSX1669)the Science and Technology Research Program of Chongqing Municipal Education Commission(No.KJZDK202401110)support of the Supercomputing Center of Lanzhou University,Chinasupported by MCIN with funding from European Union NextGenerationEU(PRTR-C17.I1)by Generalitat de Catalunya(In-CAEM Project)support from the project AMaDE(PID2023-149158OB-C43)funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033/funding from the CSC-UAB PhD scholarship programfunding from Grant IU16-014206(METCAM-FIB)funded by the European Union through the European Regional Development Fund(ERDF)support of the Ministry of Research and Universities,Generalitat de Catalunya。
文摘Lithium-sulfur batteries(LSBs)are a promising candidate for next-generation energy storage solutions.However,challenges such as the shuttling effect and sluggish Li-S reaction kinetics of lithium polysulfides hinder their practical application.In this work,we present a mixed-phase heterostructure comprising Co_(0.85)Se and MoSe_(2),supported on nitrogen-doped carbon polyhedrons(NCP),as an effective sulfur host in the LSB cathode.Through a combination of theoretical calculations and experimental validation,we demonstrate that the Co_(0.85)Se-MoSe_(2)heterointerface significantly enhances electron transfer efficiency,thereby boosting the overall reaction kinetics of the sulfur cathode.As a result,the Co_(0.85)Se-MoSe_(2)/NCP/S electrodes exhibit initial specific capacities exceeding 1500 mAh g^(-1)at 0.1 C and retain 666 m Ah g^(-1)at 3 C,with a capacity fade rate of 0.044%per cycle over 500 cycles at 1.0 C.Notably,even at a high sulfur loading of 3 mg cm^(-2)and a reduced electrolyte volume of 6.7μL mgS^(-1),the Co_(0.85)SeMoSe_(2)/NCP/S electrodes maintain a capacity of 432 mAh g^(-1)after 100 cycles at 0.2 C.
文摘The aim of the present study was to screen cardioactive herbs from Western Ghats of India. The heart beat rate （HBR） and blood flow during systole and diastole were tested in zebrafish embryos. We found that Cynodon dactylon （C. dactylon） induced increases in the HBR in zebrafish embryos with a HBR of （3.968±0.344） beats/ s, which was significantly higher than that caused by betamethosone [（3.770±0.344） beats/s]. The EC50 value of C. dactylon was 3.738 μg/mL. The methanolic extract of Sida acuta （S. acuta） led to decreases in the HBR in zebrafish embryos [（1.877 ±0.079） beats/s], which was greater than that caused by nebivolol （positive control）. The EC50 value of Sida acuta was 1.195 μg/mL. The untreated embryos had a HBR of （2.685±0.160） beats/s at 3 d post fertilization （dpf）. The velocities of blood flow during the cardiac cycle were （2,291.667 ±72.169） μm/s for the control, （4,250± 125.000） μm/s for C. dactylon and （1,083.333±72.169） μm/s for S. acuta. The LC50 values were 32.6 μg/mL for C. dactylon and 20.9 μg/mL for S. acuta. In addition, the extracts exhibited no chemical genetic effects in the drug dosage range tested. In conclusion, we developed an assay that can measure changes in cardiac function in response to herbal small molecules and determine the cardiogenic effects by microvideography.
基金Supported by Xpression Biotek Ltd.and International Centre for Nanobiotechnology(ICN).Manonmaniam Sundaranar University
文摘Objective:The aim of the present study was to isolate the anti-MRSA(Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus)molecule from the Mangrove symbiont Streptomyces and its biomedical studies in Zebrafish embryos.Methods:MRSA was isolated from the pus samples of Colachal hospitals and confirmed by amplification of mecA gene.Anti-MRSA molecule producing strain was identified by!6s rRNA gene sequencing.Anti-MRSA compound production was optimized by Solid State Fermentation(SSF)and the purification of the active molecule was carried out by TLC and RP-HPLC.The inhibitory concentration and LC_(50)were calculated using Statistical software SPSS.The Biomedical studies including the cardiac assay and organ toxicity assessment were carried out in Zebraiish.Results:The bioactive anti-MRSA small molecule A,was purified by TLC with Rf value of 0.37 with 1.389 retention time at RP-HPLC.The Inhibitory Concentration of the purified molecule A_2 was 30μg/mL but,the inhibitory concentration of the MRSA in the infected embryo was 32-34μg/mL for TLC purified molecule A,with LC_(50)mean value was61.504μg/mL.Zebrafish toxicity was assessed in 48-60μg/mL by observing the physiological deformities and the heart beat rates(HBR)of embryos for anti MRSA molecule showed the mean of 41.33-41.67 HBR/15 seconds for 40μg/mL and control was 42.33-42.67 for 15 seconds which significantly showed that the anti-MRSA molecule A_2 did not affected the HBR.Conclusions:Anti-MRSA molecule from Streptomyces sp PVRK-I was isolated and biomedical studies in Zebrafish model assessed that the molecule was non toxic at the minimal inhibitory concentration of MRSA.
基金DAE-BRNS, BARC Mumbai, India for financial support through research Project no.2012/34/67/BRNS/2911 dtd. 07/03/2013
文摘The demand of microelectronic devices postulated high energetic flexible energy storage devices. Flexible solid state supercapacitor is flawless possible candidate to fulfill the requirement of microelectronic devices. This investigation provides practical evidence of the use of flexible solid state supercapacitors based on MnOelectrodes with polyvinylpyrrolidone(PVP)-Li ClOgel electrolyte. Initially, different acid mediated growths of MnOhave been carried. Later, the electrochemical performances of MnOelectrodes have been carried out. Impressively, the fabricated symmetric flexible solid state supercapacitor(FSS-SC) device demonstrates the highest operating potential window of 1.6 V with extended cycling stability. Moreover, the cell exhibits high energy density of 23 Wh/kg at power density of 1.9 k W/kg. It is interesting to note that the device shows excellent flexibility upon bending at angle of 180° for number of times. These results clearly evidenced those symmetric FSS-SC devices based on MnOelectrodes are promising energy storage devices for microelectronic applications.
基金the Spanish MINECO through the Severo Ochoa Centers of Excellence Program under Grant SEV-2013-0295 for the postdoctoral contract to H.X.To the Solar Era.Net Cofund 2(EU)and the AEI(Spain)for the project Pr Oper Photo Mi Le(Ref 12 and PCI2020-112185)the Spanish State Research Agency for the grant Self-Power(PID2019-10^(4)272RB-C54/AEI/10.13039/501100011033)+2 种基金the Agència de Gestiód’Ajuts Universitaris i de Recerca(AGAUR)for the support to the consolidated Catalonia research group 217 SGR 329 and the Xarxa d’R+D+I Energy for Society(XRE4S)CONACYT for the scholarship to C.P.ICN2 is supported by the Severo Ochoa program from Spanish MINECO(Grant No.SEV-2017-0706)funded by the CERCA Programme/Generalitat de Catalunya。
文摘Halide perovskite solar cells(PSCs)have already demonstrated power conversion efficiencies above 25%,which makes them one of the most attractive photovoltaic technologies.However,one of the main bottlenecks towards their commercialization is their long-term stability,which should exceed the 20-year mark.Additive engineering is an effective pathway for the enhancement of device lifetime.Additives applied as organic or inorganic compounds,improve crystal grain growth enhancing power conversion efficiency.The interaction of their functional groups with the halide perovskite(HP)absorber,as well as with the transport layers,results in defect passivation and ion immobilization improving device performance and stability.In this review,we briefly summarize the different types of additives recently applied in PSC to enhance not only efficiency but also long-term stability.We discuss the different mechanism behind additive engineering and the role of the functional groups of these additives for defect passivation.Special emphasis is given to their effect on the stability of PSCs under environmental conditions such as humidity,atmosphere,light irradiation(UV,visible)or heat,taking into account the recently reported ISOS protocols.We also discuss the relation between deep-defect passivation,non-radiative recombination and device efficiency,as well as the possible relation between shallow-defect passivation,ion immobilization and device operational stability.Finally,insights into the challenge and criteria for additive selection are provided for the further stability enhancement of PSCs.
基金The authors thank Hyeon Suk Shin,Manish Chhowalla and Hyeon-Jin shin for fruitful discussion.AA and SR are supported by Modlling Charge and Heat tANsport in 2D-materlals based Composites.ME-CHANIC reference number:PCI2018-093120 funded by Ministerio de Ciencia,Innovacion y Universidadep and the European Union Horizon 2020 research and inovation programme under Grant Agreement No:881603(Graphene Flagship)ICN2 is funded by the CERCA Programme/Generalitat de Catalunya,and is supported by the Severo Ochoa program from Spanish MINECO(Grant No.SEV-2017-0706).
文摘We review recent developments on the synthesis and properties of two-dimensional materials which, although being mainly of an sp^(2) bonding character, exhibit highly disordered, non-uniform and structurally random morphologies. The emergence of such class of amorphous materials, including amorphous graphene and boron nitride, have shown superior properties compared to their crystalline counterparts when used as interfacial films. In this paper we discuss their structural,vibrational and electronic properties and present a perspective of their use for electronic applications.
文摘Solid-state cooling based on caloric effects is considered a viable alternative to replace the conventional vapor-compression refrigeration systems.Regarding barocaloric materials,recent results show that elastomers are promising candidates for cooling applications around room-temperature.In the present paper,we report supergiant barocaloric effects observed in acetoxy silicone rubber—a very popular,low-cost and environmentally friendly elastomer.Huge values of adiabatic temperature change and reversible isothermal entropy change were obtained upon moderate applied pressures and relatively low strains.These huge barocaloric changes are associated both to the polymer chain rearrangements induced by confined compression and to the first-order structural transition.The results are comparable to the best barocaloric materials reported so far,opening encouraging prospects for the application of elastomers in near future solid-state cooling devices.
基金Supported by The grants from the Instituto de Salud Carlos Ⅲ of FIS(PI 11/01958)the Intramural Grant from CIBER-SAM to Penadés R
文摘Brain-derived neurotrophic factor(BDNF) has been proposed as a biomarker of schizophrenia and, more specifically, as a biomarker of cognitive recovery. Evidence collected in this review indicates that BDNF is relevant in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia and could play a role as a marker of clinical response. BDNF has been shown to play a positive role as a marker in antipsychotic treatment, and it has been demonstrated that typical antipsychotics decrease BDNF levels while atypical antipsychotics maintain or increase serum BDNF levels. Furthermore, BDNF levels have been associated with severe cognitive impairments in patients with schizophrenia. Consequently, BDNF has been proposed as a candidate target of strategies to aid the cognitive recovery process. There is some evidence suggesting that BDNF could be mediating neurobiological processes underlying cognitive recovery. Thus, serum BDNF levels seem to be involved in some synaptic plasticity and neurotransmission processes. Additionally, serum BDNF levels significantly increased in schizophrenia subjects after neuroplasticity-based cognitive training. If positive replications of those findings are published in the future then serum BDNF levels could be definitely postulated as a peripheral biomarker for the effects of intensive cognitive training or any sort of cognitive recovery in schizophrenia. All in all, the current consideration of BDNF as a biomarker of cognitive recovery in schizophrenia is promising but still premature.
基金The authors acknowledge financial support from FAPESP(No.2012/03480-0),CNPq and CAPES.The authors also thank LNLS and CNPEM.
文摘Management of discarded tires is a compelling environmental issue worldwide.Although there are several approaches developed to recycle waste tire rubbers,their application in solid-state cooling is still unexplored.Considering the high barocaloric potential verified for elastomers,the use of waste tire rubber(WTR)as a refrigerant in solid-state cooling devices is very promising.Herein,we investigated the barocaloric effects in WTR and polymer blends made of vulcanized natural rubber(VNR)and WTR,to evaluate its feasibility for solid-state cooling technologies.The adiabatic temperature changes and the isothermal entropy changes reach giant values,as well as the performance parameters,being comparable or even better than most barocaloric materials in literature.Moreover,pure WTR and WTR-based samples also present a faster thermal exchange than VNR,consisting of an additional advantage of using these discarded materials.Thus,the present findings evidence the encouraging perspectives of employing waste rubbers in solid-state cooling based on barocaloric effects,contributing to both the recycling of polymers and the sustainable energy technology field.
文摘The phase formation and thermoelectric(TE)properties in the central region of the Zn−Sb phase diagram were analyzed through synthesizing a series of Zn_(1+x)Sb(x=0,0.05,0.1,0.15,0.25,0.3)materials by reacting Zn and Sb powders below the solidus line of the Zn−Sb binary phase diagram followed by furnace cooling.In this process,the nonstoichiometric powder blend crystallized in a combination of ZnSb andβ-Zn4Sb3 phases.Then,the materials were ground and hot pressed to form dense ZnSb/β-Zn4Sb3 composites.No traces of Sb and Zn elements or other phases were revealed by X-ray diffraction,high resolution transmission electron microscopy and electron energy loss spectroscopy analyses.The thermoelectric properties of all materials could be rationalized as a combination of the thermoelectric behavior of ZnSb andβ-Zn4Sb3 phases,which were dominated by the main phase in each sample.Zn1.3Sb composite exhibited the best thermoelectric performance.It was also found that Ge doping substantially increased the Seebeck coefficient of Zn1.3Sb and led to significantly higher power factor,up to 1.51 mW·m−1·K−2 at 540 K.Overall,an exceptional and stable TE figure of merit(ZT)of 1.17 at 650 K was obtained for Zn1.28Ge0.02Sb.
基金made possible as a result of generous grants from MCIN Spain(Ministerio de Ciencia,Innovaci´on y Universidades)(grant nos.PID2022-136970NB-I00 and TED2021-130573B-I00 to X.R,RTI2018-101032-J100,RYC2020-029552-I,and PID2022-141676NB-I00 to F.F.)Generalitat de Catalunya(grant nos.2021SGR00475,2021SGR00487 and 2021 SGR 00458)+2 种基金funded by the CERCA program/Generalitat de Catalunya.ICN2 is supported by the Ochoa Centres of Excellence programme,Grant CEX2021-001214-S,funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039.501100011033T.P and V.I.thank MCIN for FPU and FPI grants,respectively.C.S.thanks UdG for a Ph.D.grant.We also grateful for the ICREA-Academia award to X.Rsupport through the project PID2021-123287OB-I00 funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033/and the European Regional Development Fund(ERDF).
文摘Pure bisregioisomers of fullerenes are highly desirable due to their potential applications in solar cell devices.The use of nanocapsules as supramolecular masks has proved successful in achieving regioselective Bingel cyclopropanation of C_(70)to obtain 2 o’clock and 5 o’clock bisadducts.Here,we extend the mask strategy to Diels–Alder(DA)cycloaddition of C_(70)with acenes,showing a regiodivergent outcome depending on the length of the diene.The reaction of C_(70)⊂4·(BArF)8 with anthracene(An)yields 12 o’clock An2-C_(70)⊂4·(BArF)8 as the major species(>90%bisadduct ratio).Its crystal structure reveals the tight fit of the An moieties at contiguous windows of the tetragonal prismatic nanocapsule.In contrast,when the larger pentacene(Pn)is used,the reaction selectively affords the 5 o’clock Pn_(2)-C_(70)(>96%bisadduct ratio).Molecular dynamics studies show that the mask blocks the formation of the 2 o’clock isomer in both cases and optimizes the regioselective formation of 12 o’clock An_(2)-C_(70)or 5 o’clock Pn_(2)-C_(70).Finally,by taking advantage of the different degrees of background retro-DA,the mask is used as a supramolecular regioconverter,fully transforming mixtures of 2 o’clock and 5 o’clock bis-An_(2)-C_(70)into 12 o’clock bis-An2-C_(70).Moreover,the mask also completely regioconverts 12 o’clock An_(2)-C_(70)into 5 o’clock Pn_(2)-C_(70).
基金supported by theHundred TalentsProgram(B)of the Chinese Academyof Sciences(E2XBRD1001).ICN2 acknowledges funding from Generalitat de Catalunya 2021SGR00457supported byMCIN with funding fromEuropean Union Next Generation EU(PRTR-C17.I1)and by Generalitat de Catalunya(In-CAEM Project).The authors are thankful for support from the project AMaDE(PID2023-149158OB-C43),funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033/+1 种基金“ERDF A way of making Europe,”funded by the European Unionsupported by the Severo Ochoa program from Spanish MCIN/AEI(grant no.CEX2021-001214-S)and funded by the CERCA Programme/Generalitat de Catalunya.ICN2 is founding member of e-DREAM.
文摘INTRODUCTION The urgent imperative to achieve“carbon peak and carbon neutrality”has spurred a surge of researchers to vigorously advance the development of renewable energy technologies.Under the circumstances,there is a burgeoning interest in developing diverse solar energy utilizationmethods.Photoelectrochemical(PEC)water splitting,a process that harnesses sunlight,semiconductor materials,and water to transform solar energy into hydrogen energy,has emerged as a promising,environmentally friendly,and cost-effective solution.
基金funding from European Union’s Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Programme under grant agreement no.804349(ERC StG CUHL)FLAG-ERA grant ENPHOCAL,by MICIN with no.PCI2021-122101-2A(Spain)supported by the Severo Ochoa program from Spanish MINECO grant no.SEV-2017-0706.
文摘Low-dimensional materials have left a mark on modern materials science,creating new opportunities for next-generation optoelectronic applications.Integrating disparate nanoscale building blocks into heterostructures offers the possibility of combining the advantageous features of individual components and exploring the properties arising from their interactions and atomic-scale proximity.The sensitization of graphene using semiconductors provides a highly promising platform for advancing optoelectronic applications through various hybrid systems.A critical aspect of achieving superior performance lies in understanding and controlling the fate of photogenerated charge carriers,including generation,transfer,separation,and recombination.Here,we review recent advances in understanding charge carrier dynamics in graphene-semiconductor heterostructures by ultrafast laser spectroscopies.First,we present a comprehensive overview of graphene-based heterostructures and their state-of-the-art optoelectronic applications.This is succeeded by an introduction to the theoretical frameworks that elucidate the fundamental principles and determinants influencing charge transfer and energy transfer—two critical interfacial processes that are vital for both fundamental research and device performance.We then outline recent efforts aimed at investigating ultrafast charge/energy flow in graphene-semiconductor heterostructures,focusing on illustrating the trajectories,directions,and mechanisms of transfer and recombination processes.Subsequently,we discuss effective control knobs that allow fine-tuning of these processes.Finally,we address the challenges and prospects for further investigation in this field.
基金support through the Multistate Project KY006120“Soil,Water,and Environmental Physics to Sustain Agriculture and Natural Resources”from the University of Kentucky Agricultural Experiment Station.
文摘The saturated hydraulic conductivity(K_(s))and water retention curve(SWRC)parameters are important properties for simulating soil hydrological processes and characterizing soil conservation around the world.Therefore,K_(s) and SWRC are related with the soil physical quality(SPQ)and several SPQ indices can be derived from SWRC,such as the pore size distribution,relative field capacity,plant available water,drainable porosity,and soil hydraulic-energy indices(SHEI).It is well known that the soil structure can be assessed by using SHEI,but a possible physical relationship between K_(s) and SHEI was not examined yet.Therefore,the objective of this study was to investigate the behavior of K_(s) as function of SHEI for several soil textural classes.If this relationship be proved,then SHEI might be applied to improve the K_(s) prediction by PTF models.In this work,a data set of 395 measured SWRC's were fitted to the vG equation to obtain the SHEI to verify whether they are statistically correlated and physically dependent on K_(s).The resulting parametric and non-parametric correlation results were split up according to six textural classes.The significant influence of K_(s) on at least one of the absolute SHEI(A_(a) or WR_(a))was verified on the numerical scale when all textures were grouped and on numerical and pF scales for clayey and silty textures.K_(s) showed significant impact on A_(a) and WR_(a) indices in four textural classes.Furthermore,K_(s) had influence on the sum A_(a)þWR_(a) denoted in pF scale for five of the six textural classes,with a significant linear correlation in the clayey texture when log(A_(a)+WR_(a))was applied.The significant and high correlation of K_(s) on the ratios WR_(a)/AWC and A_(a)/4D was also observed in four of the six classes,and therefore the use of these indices is recommended for the development of PTFs for K_(s) prediction.
文摘A novel miniaturized microfluidic platform was developed for the simultaneous detection and removal of polybrominated diphenyl ethers （PBDEs）. The platform consists of a polydimethylsiloxane （PDMS） microfluidic chip for an immunoreaction step, a PDMS chip with an integrated screen-printed electrode （SPCE） for detection, and a PDMS-reduced graphene oxide （rGO） chip for physical adsorption and subsequent removal of PBDE residues. The detection was based on competitive immunoassay-linked binding between PBDE and PBDE modified with horseradish peroxidase （HRP-PBDE） followed by the monitoring of enzymatic oxidation of o-aminophenol （o-AP） using square wave anodic stripping voltammetry （SW-ASV）. PBDE was detected with good sensitivity and a limit of detection similar to that obtained with a commercial colorimetric test （0.018 ppb）, but with the advantage of using lower reagent volumes and a reduced analysis time. The use of microfluidic chips also provides improved linearity and a better reproducibility in comparison to those obtained with batch-based measurements using screen-printed electrodes. In order to design a detection system suitable for toxic compounds such as PBDEs, a reduced graphene oxide-PDMS composite was developed and optimized to obtain increased adsorption （based on both the hydrophobicity and rr-v~ stacking between rGO and PBDE molecules） compared to those of non-modified PDMS. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first demonstration of electrochemical detection of flame retardants and a novel application of the rGO-PDMS composite in a biosensing system. This system can be easily applied to detect any analyte using the appropriate immunoassay and it supports operation in complex matrices such as seawater.
文摘A novel triple lines lateral-flow assay （LFA） with enhanced sensitivity for the detection of Leishmania infantum DNA in dog blood samples was designed and successfully applied. The enhanced LFA methodology takes advantage of the gold nanoparticle tags （AuNPs） conjugated to polyclonal secondary antibodies, which recognize anti-FITC antibodies. The polyclonal nature of the secondary antibodies allows for multiple binding to primary antibodies, leading to enhanced AuNP plasmonics signal. Furthermore, endogenous control consisting of the amplified dog 18S rRNA gene was introduced to avoid false negatives. Using this strategy, 0.038 spiked Leishmania parasites per DNA amplification reaction （1 parasite/100 μL of DNA sample） were detected. Detection limit of LFA was found to be lower than that of the conventional techniques. In summary, our novel LFA design is a universal and simple sensing altemative that can be extended to several other biosensing scenarios.
基金This project was funded by the EU-H2020 through H2020-NMBP-TO-IND project GA n.814487 (INTERSECT)ICN2 is supported by the Severo Ochoa program from Spanish MINECO (Grant No.SEV-2017-0706) and the CERCA Program of Generalitat de Catalunya+3 种基金Work at Boston College (contributions to code testing and ab initio thermoelectric transport calculations for silicon) was supported by the US Department of Energy (DOE),Office of Science,Basic Energy Sciences under award # DE-SC0021071NHP acknowledges helpful discussions with Vladimir Dikan,José María Escartín,Xavier Cartoixà,and Riccardo Rurali.We thankfully acknowledge the computer resources at MareNostrum and La Palma and the technical support provided by Barcelona Supercomputing Center (FI-2021-1-0016)the Center for Astrophysics in La Palma (QS-2021-1-0022),respectivelyWe also acknowledge computational support from the Boston College Linux clusters and those at ICN2 provided by Grant PGC2018-096955-B-C43 funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and “ERDF A way of making Europe”.
文摘elphbolt is a modern Fortran (2018 standard) code for efficiently solving the coupled electron–phonon Boltzmann transport equations from first principles.Using results from density functional and density functional perturbation theory as inputs,it can calculate the effect of the non-equilibrium phonons on the electronic transport (phonon drag) and non-equilibrium electrons on the phononic transport (electron drag) in a fully self-consistent manner and obeying the constraints mandated by thermodynamics.It can calculate the lattice,charge,and thermoelectric transport coefficients for the temperature gradient and electric fields,and the effect of the mutual electron–phonon drag on these transport properties.The code fully exploits the symmetries of the crystal and the transport-active window to allow the sampling of extremely fine electron and phonon wave vector meshes required for accurately capturing the drag phenomena.The coarray feature of modern Fortran,which offers native and convenient support for parallelization,is utilized.The code is compact,readable,well-documented,and extensible by design.
基金G.Kh.Kitaeva and K.A.Kuznetsov.KJ.T.acknowledges funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under Grant Agreement No.804349(ERC StG CUHL),RYC fellowship No.RYC-2017-22330,and IAE project PID2019-111673GB-100ICN2 was supported by the Severo Ochoa program from Spanish MINECO Grant No.SEV-2017-0706+3 种基金A.P.acknowledges support from the European Commission under the EU Horizon 2020 MSCA-RISE-2019 programme(project 873028 HYDROTRONICS)and from the Leverhulme Trust under the grant RPG-2019-363S.S..K.B.T.K,and L.W.M.acknowledge support by the SFB1170(DFG project ID 258499086)C.G.and S.0.V.acknowledge support from the European Union's Horizon 2020 FET-PROACTIVE project TOCHA under grant agreement 824140T.K,L.W.M,and G.V.A.acknowledge the financial support from the Wurzburg-Dresden Cluster of Excellence on Complexity and Topology in Quantum Matter(EXC 2147,390858490).
文摘Achieving effcient,high-power harmonic generation in the terahertz spectral domain has technological applications,for example,in sixth generation(6G)communication networks.Massless Dirac fermions possess extremely large terahertz nonlinear susceptibilities and harmonic conversion effciencies.However,the observed maximum generated harmonic power is limited,because of saturation effects at increasing incident powers,as shown recently for graphene.Here,we demonstrate room-temperature terahertz harmonic generation in a Bi_(2)Se_(3) topological insulator and topological-insulator-grating metamaterial structures with surface-selective terahertz field enhancement.We obtain a third-harmonic power approaching the miliwatt range for an incident power of 75 mW-an improvement by two orders of magnitude compared to a benchmarked graphene sample.We establish a framework in which this exceptional performance is the result of thermodynamic harmonic generation by the massless topological surface states,benefiting from ultrafast dissipation of electronic heat via surface-bulk Coulomb interactions.These results are an important step towards on-chip terahertz(opto)electronic applications.
