Air pollution causes deleterious effects on human health with aerosols being among the most polluting agents.The objective of this work is the characterization of the PM2.5 and PM10 aerosol mass in the atmosphere.The ...Air pollution causes deleterious effects on human health with aerosols being among the most polluting agents.The objective of this work is the characterization of the PM2.5 and PM10 aerosol mass in the atmosphere.The methods of analysis include WD-XRF and EDS.Data were correlated with meteorological information and air mass trajectories(model HYSPLIT)by multivariate analysis.A morphological structural analysis was also carried out to identify the probable sources of atmospheric aerosols in the city of Sao Jose do Rio Preto,Brazil.The mean mass concentration values obtained were 24.54 μg/m^3 for PM10,above the WHO annual standard value of 20 μg/m^3 and 10.88 μg/m^3 for PM2.5 whose WHO recommended limit is10 μg/m^3.WD-XRF analysis of the samples revealed Si and Al as major components of the coarse fraction.In the fine fraction,the major elements were Al and S.The SEM-FEG characterization allowed identifying the morphology of the particles in agglomerates,ellipsoids and filaments in the PM10,besides spherical in the PM2.5.The analysis by EDS corroborated WD-XRF results,identifying the crustal elements,aluminosilicates and elements of anthropogenic origin in the coarse fraction.For the fine fraction crustal elements were also identified;aluminosilicates,black carbon and spherical particles(C and O) originating from combustion processes were predominant.The use of multivariate analysis to correlate air mass trajectories with the results of the morpho-structural characterization of the particulate matter allowed confirmation of the complex composition of the particles resulting from the combination of both local and long-distance sources.展开更多
The activities of 7-ethoxyresorufin-O-deetylase （EROD）, 7-benzyloxyresorufin-O-debenzylase （BROD）, 7-pentoxyresorufin-O-depentilase （PROD）, and glutathione S-transferase （GST） were measured in Nile tilapias ex...The activities of 7-ethoxyresorufin-O-deetylase （EROD）, 7-benzyloxyresorufin-O-debenzylase （BROD）, 7-pentoxyresorufin-O-depentilase （PROD）, and glutathione S-transferase （GST） were measured in Nile tilapias exposed for 7 days of 5 and 15μg/L 17 β-estradiol. EROD and GST activities were unchanged. PROD activity increased in animals exposed to the higher dose of the hormone, while BROD was increased after 7 exposure days to both doses of the compound. These results indicate the usefulness of these enzymes as biomarkers for 17 β-estradiol exposure.展开更多
The objectives of this study were to explore alternatives for using fruit waste and sugarcane bagasse as important sources for new products and potential applications in the food industry. Fast foods are part of moder...The objectives of this study were to explore alternatives for using fruit waste and sugarcane bagasse as important sources for new products and potential applications in the food industry. Fast foods are part of modern life, as well as sources for producing biofuels based on biomass. The mineral content and compounds of nutritional interest, such as lipophilic substances, were determined in fruit waste （orange peels, passion fruit, bananas, grapes） and sugarcane bagasse. Significant differences were found in the samples tested, where minerals, such as potassium, nitrogen, zinc and iron, were found in fruit residues （bananas, oranges, passion fruit） and sugarcane bagasse. Banana residues were the most important source of minerals, followed by orange peels. Gas chromatography mass spectrography （GC-MS） analyses of the lipophilic fractions obtained from the plant residues revealed the presence of mostly saturated （palmitic, stearic） and unsaturated （oleic and linoleic） fatty acids, as well as other nutritionally valuable compounds, such as antioxidants （flavones in orange residues）. The residues studied here can be used for future research to optimize pretreatment and hydrolysis of biomass for bioethanol production.展开更多
We provide an algorithm to classify the asymptotic sets of the dominant polynomial mappingsof degree 2, using the definition of the so-called “fa?ons” in [2]. We obtain a classification theorem for the asymptotic se...We provide an algorithm to classify the asymptotic sets of the dominant polynomial mappingsof degree 2, using the definition of the so-called “fa?ons” in [2]. We obtain a classification theorem for the asymptotic sets of dominant polynomial mappingsof degree 2. This algorithm can be generalized for the dominant polynomial mappingsof degree d, with any (n,d)∈(N*)2.展开更多
Interspecific hybrids and constructed research models have provided infor-mation on intracellular interactions. We used two introgressed, chromosomally differentiated strains (H4 and H2) derived from F1 hybrids of cro...Interspecific hybrids and constructed research models have provided infor-mation on intracellular interactions. We used two introgressed, chromosomally differentiated strains (H4 and H2) derived from F1 hybrids of crosses between D. prosaltans females and D. saltans males. In H4, the D. prosaltans chromosomes were eliminated. In H2, a mixture was maintained, preserving the entire genome of D. prosaltans (except the Y chromosome) and parts of the D. saltans genome. The IIR arm and a segment of chromosome III were eliminated. A third strain, used for comparison, was a normal D. prosaltans strain (P). This study aimed primarily to analyze the effect on the reproductive char-acteristics productivity (number of progeny) and sex-ratio caused by Wolbachia infection in interaction with different chromosome constitutions. For this, infected and uninfected flies were used in intrastrain cross combinations. Firstly, we analyzed the productivity of intracrosses of uninfected parents, in each strain, in order to detect the effects of intracellular interactions, in flies carrying different chromosome constitutions and sharing a Wolbach-ia-free, D. prosaltans cytoplasm. Data indicated that the chromosome parts that were eliminated, in H2, carry the isolating genes that impair productivity in hybrids of the two species, and suggested the occurrence of a nuclear/nuclear interaction. The analysis of Wolbachia-infected flies showed that the three strains presented different responses, depending on the chromosome constitution. As to productivity, the infection was harmful in P strain, in H2 behaved as mutualistic, and, in H4, produced the effect cytoplasmic incompatibility. As to sex-ratio, intracrosses showed significant differences in P and H4 strains. These results, associated with the cytological characteristics of the strains, pointed to the fundamental importance of host chromosome constitution to define the interactive process host/Wolbachia, and showed the flexibility of the endo-symbiont manifested in different forms of self-preservation.展开更多
A particular kind of triboelectrification occurs during the flow of liquids through tubes.Here,we used Faraday cups and Kelvin probes to investigate the charge of aqueous solutions and alcohols flowing through a polyt...A particular kind of triboelectrification occurs during the flow of liquids through tubes.Here,we used Faraday cups and Kelvin probes to investigate the charge of aqueous solutions and alcohols flowing through a polytetrafluorethylene tube.An excess of positive charges was observed in all liquids collected by the Faraday cup after the flow.While the tube displays a small potential during the flow,likely due to electrokinetic effects,a very high negative potential was observed after the completion of the flow.Aqueous solutions with varying pH showed significant differences in charge accumulation only at pH 2.93 and 4.99,while most of the charge accumulation can be suppressed using common surfactants.Alcohols displayed an inverse relationship between charge accumulation and carbon chain length,except for methanol.Thus,we used graphite-based nanocomposites as noncontact induction electrodes near the tube for flow sensing.A proof of concept was conducted using these induction electrodes to differentiate between water and ethanol flowing inside the tube,which was repeated thousands of times.Finally,the output voltage signal from the induction electrode was processed through an input signal filter and a microcontroller,where four lightemitting diodes(LEDs)were incorporated to indicate the flow and type of liquid.展开更多
基金supported by CAPES (scholarship),PROPGUNESP Foundation (Brazil) and Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT) through the project UID/QUI/ 00100/2019.
文摘Air pollution causes deleterious effects on human health with aerosols being among the most polluting agents.The objective of this work is the characterization of the PM2.5 and PM10 aerosol mass in the atmosphere.The methods of analysis include WD-XRF and EDS.Data were correlated with meteorological information and air mass trajectories(model HYSPLIT)by multivariate analysis.A morphological structural analysis was also carried out to identify the probable sources of atmospheric aerosols in the city of Sao Jose do Rio Preto,Brazil.The mean mass concentration values obtained were 24.54 μg/m^3 for PM10,above the WHO annual standard value of 20 μg/m^3 and 10.88 μg/m^3 for PM2.5 whose WHO recommended limit is10 μg/m^3.WD-XRF analysis of the samples revealed Si and Al as major components of the coarse fraction.In the fine fraction,the major elements were Al and S.The SEM-FEG characterization allowed identifying the morphology of the particles in agglomerates,ellipsoids and filaments in the PM10,besides spherical in the PM2.5.The analysis by EDS corroborated WD-XRF results,identifying the crustal elements,aluminosilicates and elements of anthropogenic origin in the coarse fraction.For the fine fraction crustal elements were also identified;aluminosilicates,black carbon and spherical particles(C and O) originating from combustion processes were predominant.The use of multivariate analysis to correlate air mass trajectories with the results of the morpho-structural characterization of the particulate matter allowed confirmation of the complex composition of the particles resulting from the combination of both local and long-distance sources.
文摘The activities of 7-ethoxyresorufin-O-deetylase （EROD）, 7-benzyloxyresorufin-O-debenzylase （BROD）, 7-pentoxyresorufin-O-depentilase （PROD）, and glutathione S-transferase （GST） were measured in Nile tilapias exposed for 7 days of 5 and 15μg/L 17 β-estradiol. EROD and GST activities were unchanged. PROD activity increased in animals exposed to the higher dose of the hormone, while BROD was increased after 7 exposure days to both doses of the compound. These results indicate the usefulness of these enzymes as biomarkers for 17 β-estradiol exposure.
文摘The objectives of this study were to explore alternatives for using fruit waste and sugarcane bagasse as important sources for new products and potential applications in the food industry. Fast foods are part of modern life, as well as sources for producing biofuels based on biomass. The mineral content and compounds of nutritional interest, such as lipophilic substances, were determined in fruit waste （orange peels, passion fruit, bananas, grapes） and sugarcane bagasse. Significant differences were found in the samples tested, where minerals, such as potassium, nitrogen, zinc and iron, were found in fruit residues （bananas, oranges, passion fruit） and sugarcane bagasse. Banana residues were the most important source of minerals, followed by orange peels. Gas chromatography mass spectrography （GC-MS） analyses of the lipophilic fractions obtained from the plant residues revealed the presence of mostly saturated （palmitic, stearic） and unsaturated （oleic and linoleic） fatty acids, as well as other nutritionally valuable compounds, such as antioxidants （flavones in orange residues）. The residues studied here can be used for future research to optimize pretreatment and hydrolysis of biomass for bioethanol production.
文摘We provide an algorithm to classify the asymptotic sets of the dominant polynomial mappingsof degree 2, using the definition of the so-called “fa?ons” in [2]. We obtain a classification theorem for the asymptotic sets of dominant polynomial mappingsof degree 2. This algorithm can be generalized for the dominant polynomial mappingsof degree d, with any (n,d)∈(N*)2.
文摘Interspecific hybrids and constructed research models have provided infor-mation on intracellular interactions. We used two introgressed, chromosomally differentiated strains (H4 and H2) derived from F1 hybrids of crosses between D. prosaltans females and D. saltans males. In H4, the D. prosaltans chromosomes were eliminated. In H2, a mixture was maintained, preserving the entire genome of D. prosaltans (except the Y chromosome) and parts of the D. saltans genome. The IIR arm and a segment of chromosome III were eliminated. A third strain, used for comparison, was a normal D. prosaltans strain (P). This study aimed primarily to analyze the effect on the reproductive char-acteristics productivity (number of progeny) and sex-ratio caused by Wolbachia infection in interaction with different chromosome constitutions. For this, infected and uninfected flies were used in intrastrain cross combinations. Firstly, we analyzed the productivity of intracrosses of uninfected parents, in each strain, in order to detect the effects of intracellular interactions, in flies carrying different chromosome constitutions and sharing a Wolbach-ia-free, D. prosaltans cytoplasm. Data indicated that the chromosome parts that were eliminated, in H2, carry the isolating genes that impair productivity in hybrids of the two species, and suggested the occurrence of a nuclear/nuclear interaction. The analysis of Wolbachia-infected flies showed that the three strains presented different responses, depending on the chromosome constitution. As to productivity, the infection was harmful in P strain, in H2 behaved as mutualistic, and, in H4, produced the effect cytoplasmic incompatibility. As to sex-ratio, intracrosses showed significant differences in P and H4 strains. These results, associated with the cytological characteristics of the strains, pointed to the fundamental importance of host chromosome constitution to define the interactive process host/Wolbachia, and showed the flexibility of the endo-symbiont manifested in different forms of self-preservation.
基金supported by the Brazilian agencies MCTIC/CNPq(465452/2014-0),FAPESP(2014/50906-9),and CAPES-Finance Code 001 through INCT/INOMAT(National Institute for Complex Functional Materials)and MCT/Finep/CT-Infra 02/2010.Yan Araujo Santos da Campo acknowledges CAPES(88887.674802/2022-00)for receiving a master’s degree fellowship.Authors have used large language models(ChatGTP)to improve readability and language.
文摘A particular kind of triboelectrification occurs during the flow of liquids through tubes.Here,we used Faraday cups and Kelvin probes to investigate the charge of aqueous solutions and alcohols flowing through a polytetrafluorethylene tube.An excess of positive charges was observed in all liquids collected by the Faraday cup after the flow.While the tube displays a small potential during the flow,likely due to electrokinetic effects,a very high negative potential was observed after the completion of the flow.Aqueous solutions with varying pH showed significant differences in charge accumulation only at pH 2.93 and 4.99,while most of the charge accumulation can be suppressed using common surfactants.Alcohols displayed an inverse relationship between charge accumulation and carbon chain length,except for methanol.Thus,we used graphite-based nanocomposites as noncontact induction electrodes near the tube for flow sensing.A proof of concept was conducted using these induction electrodes to differentiate between water and ethanol flowing inside the tube,which was repeated thousands of times.Finally,the output voltage signal from the induction electrode was processed through an input signal filter and a microcontroller,where four lightemitting diodes(LEDs)were incorporated to indicate the flow and type of liquid.
