Objective: Determine the frequency of evacuations, specify the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of the evacuees, evaluate the data of the evacuation, the management and the maternal-fetal prognosis. Method...Objective: Determine the frequency of evacuations, specify the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of the evacuees, evaluate the data of the evacuation, the management and the maternal-fetal prognosis. Methods: Prospective and descriptive retrospective study concerning obstetrical evacuations received at the maternity ward of the Hospital of the Institute of Social Hygiene in Dakar between January 1 and December 31, 2020, i.e. a period of 12 months. Results: During the study period, we collected 1156 evacuees out of a total of 3507 patients treated in the Service, i.e. a frequency of 33%. The average age of the patients was 27.07 years with extremes of 14 and 46 years. Patients aged between 20 and 29 were the most represented (51.73%). The average parity was 1.6 with extremes of 0 and 10 pares. The nulliparous (46.37%) were the majority. The majority of evacuated patients (99.6%) resided in the Dakar region, including 58% in the suburbs and 42% in the city center. The patients received had performed an average of 3 prenatal consultations with extremes ranging from 0 to 9 CPN. They most often came from health centers (55.05%) or hospitals (29.09%). The reasons for evacuations were dominated by dystocia (21.54%) followed by premature rupture of membranes (17.21%) and premature deliveries (16.35%). On admission, only 176 patients (15.2%) had an evacuation sheet. Patients transited on average through two health structures (extremes ranging from 0 to 7 structures) before reaching the reception structure. The evacuation was most often done with a private vehicle on the patient’s own means (91.96%). The outcome of the evacuees was most often vaginal delivery or hospitalization (72.79%). The majority of patients (99.4%) had evolved favorably but we deplore one maternal death (0.09%) linked to a late puerperal infection. We recorded 74 perinatal deaths and 1041 live births, i.e. a stillbirth rate of 71.1‰ live births. The causes of death were dominated by prematurity (24.7%). Conclusion: Obstetrical evacuations are frequent in our practice but they should be better organized to improve the maternal-fetal prognosis.展开更多
Objectives: To specify the epidemiological and clinical profile of the patients, to determine the methods of management and to evaluate the maternal and perinatal prognosis in the association of arterial hypertension ...Objectives: To specify the epidemiological and clinical profile of the patients, to determine the methods of management and to evaluate the maternal and perinatal prognosis in the association of arterial hypertension and pregnancy (HTA) at the Institute of Social Hygiene of Dakar. Material and Methods: This was a retrospective, descriptive and analytical study on the management of the association of hypertension and pregnancy in the maternity ward of the Institute of Social Hygiene of Dakar between January 1<sup>st</sup>, 2019 and on December 31<sup>st</sup>, 2020. Results: During the study period, we recorded 326 cases of hypertension associated with pregnancy among the 4290 pregnant women, i.e. a frequency of 7.6%. The epidemiological profile of the patients was that of a woman with an average age of 29, nulliparous (48.2%), married (99.1%), at a low socioeconomic level (61.3%) and with a personal history preeclampsia (14.4%). Most patients (83.1%) were evacuated or referred with pre-ec- lampsia as the main reason (40.8%). The average gestational age was 37 weeks of amenorrhea (SA) with extremes of 20 SA 6 days and 41 SA 5 days. Term pregnancies were the most represented (76.7%). Prenatal follow-up (CPN) was carried out in 319 patients (97.8%) with an average number of CPN of 3 and extremes of 1 and 9. Severe diastolic and severe systolic hypertension concerned respectively 19.3% and 16, 9% of patients. One hundred and eighty patients (55.2%) presented with oliguria. Strip albuminuria was performed in 235 patients (72.1%). It found 3 or more crosses in 38.3% of cases. We recorded 53 cases of anemia (16.3%), 16 cases of significant proteinuria (5%), hepatic cytolysis in 22 patients (6.7%), thrombocytopenia in 37 patients (11.3%), and 43 cases of hyperuricaemia (13.2%). Obstetric ultrasound found 36 cases of severe oligohydramnios (11%), 8 twin pregnancies (2.4%) and an umbilical Doppler anomaly in 10 patients (3.1%). Pre-eclampsia was the most common clinical form (70.5%), followed by chronic hypertension (15.1%) and pregnancy-induced hypertension (14.4%). In our study, 32 patients (9.8%) had received resuscitation. The most used anti-hypertensives were alpha methyl-dopa (46.1%) and nicardipine (24.5%). The obstetrical treatment consisted of uterine evacuation which was most often done by caesarean section (63.1%). Maternal complications were dominated by retroplacental hematoma (16.3%) followed by eclampsia (7.4%) and HELLP syndrome (6.7%). We have not recorded any maternal deaths. Prematurity (19.3%) and intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) (16.3%) were the most common perinatal complications. Severe and moderate neonatal asphyxia concerned respectively 14.8% and 14.4% of newborns. The birth weight was on average 2400 grams with extremes of 400 and 4500 grams. Low birth weight accounted for 49.5% of the sample. One hundred and twelve newborns (34.4%) were referred to neonatology most often for neonatal asphyxia (29.2%). We recorded 37 fetal deaths in utero (11.3%) and 10 neonatal deaths (3.1%), representing a perinatal mortality of 168.5 per 1000 live births. During the postnatal follow-up, we noted a normalization of the blood pressure figures in 98.8% of the patients. Contraception was instituted in 150 patients (46.1%). These were most often progestogen implants (32.2%) or intrauterine device (IUD) (11.7%). The choice of delivery route was significantly associated with the clinical form. Indeed, caesarean section was more frequent in case of preeclampsia compared to pregnancy-induced hypertension (p = 0.03). Maternal and perinatal complications such as HELLP syndrome (86.4%), PRH (64.2%), eclampsia (79.2%) and UFID (23.6%) were more frequent in cases severe preeclampsia (p = 0.028, p = 0.0001). Conclusion: The association of hypertension and pregnancy is frequent in our practice. Its prognosis is marked by the risk of prematurity, IUGR and maternal complications.展开更多
This study aimed to analyze the environmental factors related to health vulnerability in the municipality of Sèmè-Podji. For this study, 216 households were surveyed using questionnaires. Twelve key informan...This study aimed to analyze the environmental factors related to health vulnerability in the municipality of Sèmè-Podji. For this study, 216 households were surveyed using questionnaires. Twelve key informants were enrolled for depth interviews and 18 water samples were collected from different sources used by the populations. It came out of our investigations that water from traditional sources used at Sèmè-Podji was contaminated by various microorganisms such as Escherichia coli and fecal coliforms. 66.38% of households reject domestic waste and 47.41% of them evacuate sewage in the yard. In addition, 93.05% drop stagnant water for natural infiltration. This municipality faces lack of sanitation. The main health problems experienced by people were malaria (46.35%), diarrheal diseases (15.88%). The study stated some results which could improve the help about health management in the area.展开更多
Introduction: The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a pandemic of concern to the World Health Organization. It is all the more worrisome because if not properly managed, it can be responsible for several complicat...Introduction: The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a pandemic of concern to the World Health Organization. It is all the more worrisome because if not properly managed, it can be responsible for several complications, including abnormal blood counts. These abnormalities may also be related to treatment. Objectives: The main objective of this study is to show that adequate antiretroviral therapy can correct various abnormalities exerted by HIV on patients’ blood counts. The specific objective is to determine all the abnormalities we can see in blood count before and during HIV treatment. Materials and Methods: Our study was conducted in the hematology laboratory and the dermatology departments of the Aristide Le Dantec Hospital and the Institute of Social Hygiene. It took place from December 2009 to October 2011. It is a retrospective descriptive and analytical study involving HIV-positive patients (HIV 1 and 2) and under antiretroviral treatment (at least six months of treatment). We included 110 patients in the study. Blood counts were performed at the hematology laboratory of the Aristide le Dantec hospital using a KX21 automaton. Each patient received three blood counts during the first six months of treatment (M0, M3 and M6). A univariate analysis was performed to determine the profile of the abnormalities of the blood count and the chi 2 test was used and a threshold of p 0.05 was considered significant. Results: The mean age of the patients was 38.6 ± 8.6 years (extremes of 18 and 64 years) with a sex ratio of 0.42 (77 females and 33 males). The prevalence of anemia was 80% (n = 88) at M0, 53, 63% at M3 (n = 59), and 38.20% at M6 (n = 42) (p = 0.02). We noted a favorable evolution with treatment. For the other abnormalities, the evolution was favorable for leukopenia (p = 0.011) and thrombocytopenia (p = 0.007). Conclusion: Our study showed a correction of blood count abnormalities in PLHIV with antiretroviral treatment.展开更多
The pathophysiology of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)was characterized by alterations in the intestinal microbiota and bile acids(BAs).Flaxseed powder(FLA)was rich in active components such asα-linolenic aci...The pathophysiology of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)was characterized by alterations in the intestinal microbiota and bile acids(BAs).Flaxseed powder(FLA)was rich in active components such asα-linolenic acid,dietary fiber,and lignans,which had lipid-lowering and anti-inflammatory effects.Here,we investigated whether FLA reduced liver fat and improved inflammation by modulating the gut microbiota,enriching bacteria involved in the production of 6α-hydroxylated BAs,and activating the gut-liver-BA metabolic pathway-specific receptor Takeda G protein-coupled receptor 5(TGR5).Wild-type(WT)and TGR5 knockout mice were set up in a low-fat control group,a high-fat model group and a flaxseed powder intervention group for 12 weeks.At the end of the experiment,we examined the levels of lipids(TC,LDL-C,HDL-C,and TG),the levels of inflammatory factors(TNF-αand IL-6),the pathological changes in the liver,and the differences in the expression of key proteins(CYP7A1,TLR4,and NF-κB)in the liver of TGR5^(–/–)and WT mice.In the current study,we found that 12 weeks of FLA intervention significantly attenuated the progression of NAFLD in WT mice,whereas TGR5 knockout exacerbated the extent of disease in mice with NAFLD.TGR5 gene knockout blocked the anti-inflammatory effect of FLA,but did not block its lipid-lowering effect.The TGR5 gene may be a key protein in the anti-inflammatory pathway of FLA,rather than a key protein in the lipid-lowering pathway of FLA.FLA intervention altered the relative abundance of gut microbiota with BA metabolizing enzymes,which in turn regulated the composition of intestinal BA,particularly the proportion of the key functional BAs 6α-hydroxylated BAs,thereby activating the intestinal BA-specific receptor TGR5,which might play a role in ameliorating inflammation.FLA might be a promising functional food for the prevention of NAFLD by modulating the microbiota and BAs.展开更多
Long-term exposure to ambient fine particulate matter(PM2.5)may increase the risk of neurotoxicity in human populations.However,research studies on the underlying mechanisms of chronic PM2.5-induced depression-like be...Long-term exposure to ambient fine particulate matter(PM2.5)may increase the risk of neurotoxicity in human populations.However,research studies on the underlying mechanisms of chronic PM2.5-induced depression-like behaviors,and potential therapeutical strategies,remain scarce.In the present study,after long-term exposure to real-world PM2.5 for 15 weeks,male mice displayed depression-like behaviors,which were revealed using the open field and sucrose preference tests.Mechanistically,chronic PM2.5 exposure promoted astrocytic A1 polarization and disrupted reduction-oxidation balance in the mouse hippocampus.Furthermore,PM2.5-exposed mice displayed pathological damage to hippocampal neurons as well as the inhibition of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 signaling.Astrocytic ablation of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 exacerbated PM2.5-induced hippocampal neuronal injury in mice via the disruption of astrocyte-to-microglia communication;this finding was confirmed in mice with bilateral and unilateral hippocampal astrocytic Nfe2l2 knockdown.Importantly,the upregulation of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 activation by procyanidin significantly ameliorated PM2.5-induced depression-like behaviors through the remodeling of astrocyte-to-microglia communication.Together,our findings shed light on the important role of hippocampal astrocytic nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 activation for maintaining astrocyte-to-microglia communication,and indicate potential research avenues for therapeutic strategies against PM2.5-induced depresson-like behaviors.展开更多
Alzheimer's disease(AD)is a serious disease associated with cognitive impairment,and synaptic loss and amyloid-beta(Aβ)deposition are closely related to its pathogenesis.D ocosahexaenoic acid(DHA)has been reporte...Alzheimer's disease(AD)is a serious disease associated with cognitive impairment,and synaptic loss and amyloid-beta(Aβ)deposition are closely related to its pathogenesis.D ocosahexaenoic acid(DHA)has been reported to alter the cognitive impairment associated with aging and reduce the risk of long-term development of AD.However,the effects of Aβon synapses and whether DHA has a protective effect on synapses remain unclear.In this study,APPSwe/PSEN1d E9 transgenic and wild type mice were used as experimental subjects to explore the effect of DHA on synaptic structure and function damaged by Aβ.Results showed that a large amount of Aβwas deposited in the brain of AD mice,and DHA intervention decreased the Aβdeposition(P<0.05).DHA decreased the apoptosis of nerve cells and the oxidative stress level induced by Aβ(P<0.01).Transmission electron microscopy results showed that DHA improved the synaptic structure and number,and the expression of synaptophysin was significantly upregulated by DHA(P<0.01).Besides,neurotransmitter release was regulated after DHA intervention,including the decreased Glu level and increasedγ-aminobutyric acid level,as well as the activity of ATPase was also increased by DHA.Importantly,the phosphorylation levels of tyrosine kinase B(Trk B),phospholipase C-gamma-1,calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II,extracellular regulated protein kinases(ERK1/2),and c AMP-response element binding protein(CREB)were upregulated by DHA(P<0.01).These data indicated that DHA could improve synaptic structure and function through the Trk B-Erk1/2-CREB pathway,thus playing a positive role in the pathological process of AD.展开更多
Staphylococcus aureus(S.aureus)is the third most common pathogen causing 10.6%of bacterial foodborne illnesses in China in 2021[1].Heat-stable Staphylococcal Enterotoxins(SEs)produced by S.aureus are the main contribu...Staphylococcus aureus(S.aureus)is the third most common pathogen causing 10.6%of bacterial foodborne illnesses in China in 2021[1].Heat-stable Staphylococcal Enterotoxins(SEs)produced by S.aureus are the main contributors to staphylococcal food poisoning(SFP),causing vomiting,diarrhea,abdominal pain,headache,muscle cramps,and other acute gastroenteritis symptoms.More than 25 SEs and staphylococcal enterotoxin-like toxins(SE/s)have been described and which together comprise a superfamily of pyrogenic toxin superantigens(SAgs)[2].展开更多
Objective This study aims to investigate the joint associations of sarcopenia and social isolation with mortality risk.Methods Using data from the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey(CLHLS)and the UK Biobank...Objective This study aims to investigate the joint associations of sarcopenia and social isolation with mortality risk.Methods Using data from the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey(CLHLS)and the UK Biobank,sarcopenia was diagnosed according to European and Asian Working Groups for Sarcopenia criteria.Social isolation was assessed using standardized questionnaires,including questions on solitude,frequency of social activities,contact with others,and marital status(for the CLHLS only).Results During the follow-up period,8,249 deaths occurred in the CLHLS and 26,670 deaths in the UK Biobank groups.While no significant interaction was observed between sarcopenia and social isolation in predicting all-cause mortality in the CLHLS cohort,the association between social isolation and mortality was stronger among individuals with sarcopenia in the UK Biobank(P-interaction=0.03,relative risk due to interaction:0.23,95%confidence interval[CI]:0.06–0.41).Further joint analyses showed that participants with sarcopenia and high levels of social isolation had the highest mortality risk(hazard ration[HR]:1.99;95%CI:[1.74–2.28]in the CLHLS and 1.69[1.55–1.85]in the UK Biobank)compared to those without either condition.Conclusion The combination of social isolation and sarcopenia synergistically increases the risk of mortality in middle-aged and older adults across diverse populations.展开更多
Ionogel,a novel flexible electronic material,presents a plethora of applications.Despite its potential,the fabrication of multifunctional ionogel with high-performance suitable for diverse scenarios remains a signific...Ionogel,a novel flexible electronic material,presents a plethora of applications.Despite its potential,the fabrication of multifunctional ionogel with high-performance suitable for diverse scenarios remains a significant challenge.In this study,we prepare a multifunctional amphibious ionogel skin(AIGS)using a polymerizable ionic liquid(PIL)and a conductive ionic liquid(IL)in conjunction with titanium carbide(Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x)-MXene).The resulting soft AIGS materials exhibit ductility,self-healing,and robust adhesion in mechanical properties due to non-covalent interactions,such as ion-dipole interactions and hydrogen bonding.They also demonstrate a wide sensing range(2%-400%),high sensing sensitivity(gauge factor(GF)up to 6.06),and stable sensing performance(good reliability and stability after strain)in electrical properties.The hydrophobic and dynamic viscoelastic network formed by extensive C-F bonds in the used polymer matrix,ensures the AIGS's suitability for amphibious environments.We find that AIGS has excellent triboelectric properties.Utilizing AIGS as a flexible electrode,a single-electrode triboelectric nanogenerator(SE-TENG)was constructed,achieving outstanding output performance(~300 V open-circuit voltage,172 nA short-circuit current,and 34 nC transferred charge).This device can power commercial portable electronic devices and identify different body movements.AIGS-based wearable strain sensors have also been shown to reliably detect human motion,including larger limb movements such as finger flexion and elbow flexion and extension,as well as subtle muscle movements such as frowning and swallowing.In addition,depending on the characteristics of the AIGS application in amphibious environments,the following functions can be realized simultaneously.AIGS in an aquatic environment combined with machine learning for intelligent recognition of breathing type,in an underwater environment combined with Morse code to convey simple information,and motion monitoring in an amphibious environment,demonstrates its potential feasibility in a variety of situations.展开更多
Excessive heavy metal concentrations in water can pose a threat to human health.The research analyzed 160 groundwater samples used for hygiene and sanitation,of which 62 were used for consumption,and 98 other types of...Excessive heavy metal concentrations in water can pose a threat to human health.The research analyzed 160 groundwater samples used for hygiene and sanitation,of which 62 were used for consumption,and 98 other types of drinking water were analyzed.The research findings indicate that 6%of groundwater for hygiene and sanitation and 13%of drinking water(7.8%groundwater,5.2%refill water)were deemed unfit for use due to elevated concentrations of certain heavy metals surpassing the maximum limits.As,Cd,Co,Hg,Mn,and Pb were detected in several drinking water samples deemed unsuitable for consumption.Several heavy metals suspected to originate from natural sources are Co,Fe,Mn,As,and Zn,while Pb,Cd,Hg,and Co are suspected to have anthropogenic sources.Only arsenic exposure through the ingestion pathway posed a non-carcinogenic health risk to the local population.Children were found to be more susceptible than adult males and females.The estimated average non-carcinogenic risk levels based on the water sources were refill water>well water>rainwater>spring water.Therefore,it is essential to monitor raw water sources at refill water depots in the study area and implement policies related to the quality of raw water sources,technology maintenance processes,and the quality of processed water from refill water depots.Additionally,the community should be educated about householdscale water treatment to minimize health risks and consider using untreated well water and rainwater for consumption.展开更多
Onsite sanitation offers a sustainable alternative to centralized wastewater treatment;however,effective faecal sludge management is crucial for safe disposal and resource recovery.Among emerging treatment solutions,s...Onsite sanitation offers a sustainable alternative to centralized wastewater treatment;however,effective faecal sludge management is crucial for safe disposal and resource recovery.Among emerging treatment solutions,solar thermal drying holds significant promise to reduce sludge moisture content and enhance handling.Despite this potential,its application remains limited,with important knowledge gaps,particularly concerning the drying kinetics under different environmental and operational conditions.This study aims to fill these gaps by investigating the solar thermal drying behaviour of faecal sludge from ventilated improved pit latrines(VIPs)and urine-diverting dry toilets(UDs),with a specific focus on how air temperature and velocity influence drying performance.A bench-scale solar drying apparatus was used to investigate thin-layer sludge drying kinetics under controlled airflow conditions.The drying experiments were conducted at varying air temperatures(ambient,40℃,and 80℃)and velocities(0,0.5,and 1 m/s),where heated air was supplied via an electric resistance heater.Key drying parameters-including drying rate,critical moisture content,effective moisture diffusivity,and activation energy-were determined.Results showed that drying proceeded through a constant-rate period followed by a falling-rate period,with the critical moisture content ranging from 1.41 to 1.78 g/g db.Higher temperatures and airflow reduced the duration of the constant-rate phase,increased drying rates(0.31–0.99 g/g·min·m^(2)),and enhanced moisture diffusivity(4.56×10^(−9) to 1.52×10^(−8) m^(2)/s).Activation energy decreased with increased airflow,suggesting reduced temperature sensitivity.Thermal efficiency ranged from 14.6%to 35.1%,with solar energy contributing 73%–95% of total input.VIP sludge dried faster than UD sludge,which showed signs of surface crusting that limited moisture transfer.This research offers valuable insights into solar drying design and operation,providing scientific evidence to improve faecal sludge treatment strategies in decentralized sanitation systems.展开更多
Background:People working outdoors in the Map Ta Phut pollution control area of Thailand require comprehen-sive health monitoring.In the past,studies have been done on the health effects of pollutants.However,there ar...Background:People working outdoors in the Map Ta Phut pollution control area of Thailand require comprehen-sive health monitoring.In the past,studies have been done on the health effects of pollutants.However,there are few studies on musculoskeletal disorders(MSDs),and Thailand is struggling to meet the Sustainable Development Goals.Methods:This cross-sectional study examines access to health services and factors affecting MSDs among outdoor pollution workers(OPWs).The sample group includes OPWs,including local fisherman,street vendors,public car drivers,and traffic police.We studied 50 people from each of these groups,for a total of 200 people.Data were analyzed with inferential statistics using Chi-square test,McNemar test,and Univariate logistic regression.Results:The OPWs reported experiencing significantly more total MSDs pain than they did in the past(P<0.05).Factors affecting current MSDs pain,including occupation and working days per week,were significant(P<0.05).The street vendor group and public car driver group had(odds ratio[OR]=2.253,95%confidence interval[CI]:1.101 to 5.019)and(OR=2.681,95%CI:1.191 to 6.032)times higher risks of MSDs pain,respectively.OPWs who work>5 days per week had a(OR=1.464,95%CI:1.093 to 2.704)times higher risk of MSDs pain.52.7%of OPWs with MSDs,pain(n=110)had received an annual health check-up.In the past year,50.9%had minor illnesses and 21.8%had severe illnesses.OPWs receiving free treatment and visiting health service stations for no cost comprised 77.3%and 51.8%,respectively.60.9%used their right to receive treatment with universal health insurance cards.Conclusions:The study indicates that occupational groups with MSDs pain problems should exercise this right,according to the worker protection law.Local health agencies should organize activities or create accessible media to promote preventive medicine services,as many OPWs believe that health services can only be accessed when illness occurs.展开更多
Background: Since it was theorised by Abdel Omran in 1971, the epidemiological transition has been well documented in Latin America, Asia and even increasingly in Africa south of the Sahara. According to this theory, ...Background: Since it was theorised by Abdel Omran in 1971, the epidemiological transition has been well documented in Latin America, Asia and even increasingly in Africa south of the Sahara. According to this theory, sub-Saharan Africa is in the first phase of development corresponding to the “age of plague and famine”. Given the health statistics currently available, more and more low- and middle-income countries, including those in sub-Saharan Africa, are experiencing an increase in mortality and the economic impact associated with non-communicable diseases. Côte d’Ivoire is one of the countries in sub-Saharan Africa where non-communicable diseases are currently on the rise. Despite the significant changes observed over the last decades, few studies have been carried out on the epidemiological transition in Côte d’Ivoire. It therefore seemed necessary to examine the changes in patterns of disease occurrence and causes of death in Côte d’Ivoire. Objectives: This work aimed to determine the reality of the epidemiological transition in Côte d’Ivoire and characterize its facies from 1990 to 2020. Methods: A literature review was carried out using PubMed, Medline, Google Scholar, Google, institutional websites (WHO, World Bank), university library websites and institutional reports from Côte d’Ivoire. The indicators sought were mortality, morbidity, life expectancy and fertility. Results: Mortality fell overall from 13.88‰ to 9.70‰, with variations linked to cyclical situations. Life expectancy rose by 52.6 to 59.03 years, although it is still below 60. Fertility has fallen from 6.3 to 4.5 children. There is a general downward trend in morbidity due to communicable diseases between 2009 and 2019, followed by an increase in non-communicable diseases. Conclusion: Côte d’Ivoire is undergoing an original and complex epidemiological transition that needs to be taken into account in health policies and strategies.展开更多
Background:Northern residents predominantly rely on coal-fired heating during winter,leading to severe air pollution.Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs)adsorbed on atmospheric particulate matter pose significant he...Background:Northern residents predominantly rely on coal-fired heating during winter,leading to severe air pollution.Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs)adsorbed on atmospheric particulate matter pose significant health risks.Among PAHs,dibenz[a,h]anthracene(DahA),though present at lower environmental concentrations compared to other PAHs,exhibits a carcinogenic potency that is 10 or more times greater than benzo[a]pyrene(BaP),underscoring its potential harm.Despite reports on DahA's multiple toxic effects,its impact on metabolic networks remains poorly understood.Methods:Based on the respiratory volume of adult rats and the concentration of PM2.5-bound DahA in heavily polluted cities of northern China,adult Sprague-Dawley rats were treated with DahA(0.07μg/kg and 0.2μg/kg)twice weekly for four weeks via intratracheal instillation.Metabolomic profiling of serum was performed using rapid resolution liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry(RRLC/Q-TOF-MS)to elucidate metabolic disruptions caused by DahA exposure.Results:DahA exposure induced significant oxidative stress and inflammatory responses in rats,accompanied by notable alterations in the serum metabolome.A total of 11 metabolites were found to be decreased,and 2 metabolites were increased,with disruptions observed in folate biosynthesis,glycerophospholipid metabolism,and nitrogen metabolism pathways.Additionally,metabolic dysregulation may interfere with the tricarboxylic acid cycle and compromise nucleotide homeostasis.Conclusion:These findings enhance our understanding of the toxicological effects of DahA exposure and its role in lung damage.The results suggest that metabolic disturbances caused by DahA may contribute to the exacerbation of respiratory diseases associated with particulate matter-bound PAH pollution during the heating season in cold regions.展开更多
Objective:To explore the experiences of contraceptive use,reasons for discontinuation,and future intent to use modern contraceptives among married men in West Bengal,India.Methods:A community-based cross-sectional qua...Objective:To explore the experiences of contraceptive use,reasons for discontinuation,and future intent to use modern contraceptives among married men in West Bengal,India.Methods:A community-based cross-sectional qualitative study was conducted among married men(n=10),aged 18 to 50 years by in-depth face-to-face interviews using a predesigned interview guide.The results were transcribed,coded and analysed recognising major themes.Results:The study identified the following themes as a rationale for men’s limited involvement in contraception:insufficient knowledge and education about contraception,cultural and religious barriers,misconceptions,economic hardships,gender-based disparities,and a shortage of male healthcare workers,along with a reluctance to seek help.Limited overall awareness about the specific role of men in reproductive health was also believed to hinder men's meaningful involvement in fertility regulation issues.Conclusions:Several challenges are identified among married males related to effective contraception use and the findings emphasize the importance of comprehensive education,culturally sensitive strategies,and improving access and affordability of contraceptives to overcome such barriers.These steps are essential for enabling informed reproductive health decisions and improving reproductive health outcomes.展开更多
Identifying a potential dietary non-pharmacological treatment to prevent cerebrovascular damage in Alzheimer's disease is crucial for alleviating cognitive decline in older adults and enhancing quality of life.Thi...Identifying a potential dietary non-pharmacological treatment to prevent cerebrovascular damage in Alzheimer's disease is crucial for alleviating cognitive decline in older adults and enhancing quality of life.This study featured the combined supplementation of soy lecithin(SL)and soy isoflavones(SIF),using in vivo animal models,in vitro vascular ring preparation,and cell studies to investigate the potential advantages and mechanisms of SL combined with SIF on cognitive function and cerebrovascular health from multiple perspectives.The results show that Aβcan significantly induce learning and memory impairment in rats,as well as pathological changes in brain blood vessels,exacerbating damage to cerebral vasodilation function and subsequently reducing cerebral blood flow in the brain.The above-mentioned phenomena induced by Aβcan be significantly improved by the combined intervention of SL and SIF.Further research has revealed that the combined intervention of SL and SIF can reverse the downregulation of the PI3K/PIP3/PDK-1/Akt/eNOS signaling pathway and phosphorylated protein expression induced by Aβin rat brain vascular tissues and bEND.3 cells.Silencing PDK-1 expression in bEND.3 cells showed that the upregulation effect of SL and SIF on Akt and eNOS disappeared.Here we find that prophylactically supplementation with SL in conjunction with SIF appears to effectively activate the PI3K/PIP3/PDK-1/Akt/e NOS pathway within cerebral vascular.This activation improves cerebrovascular vasodilation,offering potential protective effects for both cerebral vascular health and cognitive function.展开更多
Digestive health is important for overall well-being,but gut health problems are common in the Chinese population.The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of oatβ-glucan-based prebiotic blended form...Digestive health is important for overall well-being,but gut health problems are common in the Chinese population.The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of oatβ-glucan-based prebiotic blended formulas in humans on digestive health by assessing defecation frequency,defecation symptoms,stool quality,self-reported digestive feelings,defecation satisfaction,and gut bacteria.A parallel,randomized,double-blind,controlled trial was conducted in 168 eligible adults randomized to 3 groups for 14 days:Intervention groups A and B received 2 different doses of oatβ-glucan-based prebiotic blended formulas and a Control group received oatβ-glucan mixed with hydroxypropylmethyl-cellulose and microcrystalline cellulose.Participants completed a defecation diary and Bristol stool chart daily and digestive system questionnaires weekly.Fecal samples were collected on day 0 and day 14 to evaluate gut bacteria using 16S rDNA analysis.Both formulas improved defecation frequency,stool quality,defecation symptoms,defecation satisfaction,and on digestive health of human,compared with baseline(P<0.05).Both formulas led to increased quantities of Bifidobacterium and Akkermansia bacteria,compared to control,on day 14.This study therefore demonstrated the beneficial effects of oatβ-glucan-based prebiotic blended formulas on gut health in generally healthy Chinese adults.These formulas are a feasible nutritional strategy for digestive health.展开更多
Introduction Human papillomavirus(HPV)vaccination is a cornerstone of cervical cancer prevention,particularly in low-and middle-income countries(LMICs),where the burden of disease remains high~1.The World Health Organ...Introduction Human papillomavirus(HPV)vaccination is a cornerstone of cervical cancer prevention,particularly in low-and middle-income countries(LMICs),where the burden of disease remains high~1.The World Health Organization(WHO)HPV Vaccine Introduction Clearing House reported that 147 countries(of 194 reporting)had fully introduced the HPV vaccine into their national schedules as of 20242.After COVID-19 pandemic disruptions,global coverage is again increasing.展开更多
To the Editor:Abeleda et al.[1]recently argued in a perspective article that the Philippines should do better in order to achieve its goal of reducing schistosomiasis incidence to zero in humans,animals,and snails by ...To the Editor:Abeleda et al.[1]recently argued in a perspective article that the Philippines should do better in order to achieve its goal of reducing schistosomiasis incidence to zero in humans,animals,and snails by 2025[2,3].The authors appropriately ascribed the need to ramp up surveillance,WASH(water,sanitation,and hygiene),and veterinary efforts.In this letter,I would like to add to the discussion that the key to achieving schistosomiasis elimination may be strengthening the veterinary public health sector and framing mitigation efforts within the One Health lens.Schistosoma(S.)japonicum infection is a zoonotic disease and it affects more than 40 species of animals,including livestock animals like cattle,pigs,and water buffaloes,and pets like dogs[4].In the Philippines,the prevalence of infection in animal reservoirs remains largely unknown in most endemic areas due to the lack of concerted epidemiological efforts unlike what is being done in human hosts.In areas where studies have been done,infection rates are from less than 10%to 97%in water buffaloes tested[5-7].Indeed,as Abeleda et al.[1]argued,there is a need to do better on this front.展开更多
文摘Objective: Determine the frequency of evacuations, specify the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of the evacuees, evaluate the data of the evacuation, the management and the maternal-fetal prognosis. Methods: Prospective and descriptive retrospective study concerning obstetrical evacuations received at the maternity ward of the Hospital of the Institute of Social Hygiene in Dakar between January 1 and December 31, 2020, i.e. a period of 12 months. Results: During the study period, we collected 1156 evacuees out of a total of 3507 patients treated in the Service, i.e. a frequency of 33%. The average age of the patients was 27.07 years with extremes of 14 and 46 years. Patients aged between 20 and 29 were the most represented (51.73%). The average parity was 1.6 with extremes of 0 and 10 pares. The nulliparous (46.37%) were the majority. The majority of evacuated patients (99.6%) resided in the Dakar region, including 58% in the suburbs and 42% in the city center. The patients received had performed an average of 3 prenatal consultations with extremes ranging from 0 to 9 CPN. They most often came from health centers (55.05%) or hospitals (29.09%). The reasons for evacuations were dominated by dystocia (21.54%) followed by premature rupture of membranes (17.21%) and premature deliveries (16.35%). On admission, only 176 patients (15.2%) had an evacuation sheet. Patients transited on average through two health structures (extremes ranging from 0 to 7 structures) before reaching the reception structure. The evacuation was most often done with a private vehicle on the patient’s own means (91.96%). The outcome of the evacuees was most often vaginal delivery or hospitalization (72.79%). The majority of patients (99.4%) had evolved favorably but we deplore one maternal death (0.09%) linked to a late puerperal infection. We recorded 74 perinatal deaths and 1041 live births, i.e. a stillbirth rate of 71.1‰ live births. The causes of death were dominated by prematurity (24.7%). Conclusion: Obstetrical evacuations are frequent in our practice but they should be better organized to improve the maternal-fetal prognosis.
文摘Objectives: To specify the epidemiological and clinical profile of the patients, to determine the methods of management and to evaluate the maternal and perinatal prognosis in the association of arterial hypertension and pregnancy (HTA) at the Institute of Social Hygiene of Dakar. Material and Methods: This was a retrospective, descriptive and analytical study on the management of the association of hypertension and pregnancy in the maternity ward of the Institute of Social Hygiene of Dakar between January 1<sup>st</sup>, 2019 and on December 31<sup>st</sup>, 2020. Results: During the study period, we recorded 326 cases of hypertension associated with pregnancy among the 4290 pregnant women, i.e. a frequency of 7.6%. The epidemiological profile of the patients was that of a woman with an average age of 29, nulliparous (48.2%), married (99.1%), at a low socioeconomic level (61.3%) and with a personal history preeclampsia (14.4%). Most patients (83.1%) were evacuated or referred with pre-ec- lampsia as the main reason (40.8%). The average gestational age was 37 weeks of amenorrhea (SA) with extremes of 20 SA 6 days and 41 SA 5 days. Term pregnancies were the most represented (76.7%). Prenatal follow-up (CPN) was carried out in 319 patients (97.8%) with an average number of CPN of 3 and extremes of 1 and 9. Severe diastolic and severe systolic hypertension concerned respectively 19.3% and 16, 9% of patients. One hundred and eighty patients (55.2%) presented with oliguria. Strip albuminuria was performed in 235 patients (72.1%). It found 3 or more crosses in 38.3% of cases. We recorded 53 cases of anemia (16.3%), 16 cases of significant proteinuria (5%), hepatic cytolysis in 22 patients (6.7%), thrombocytopenia in 37 patients (11.3%), and 43 cases of hyperuricaemia (13.2%). Obstetric ultrasound found 36 cases of severe oligohydramnios (11%), 8 twin pregnancies (2.4%) and an umbilical Doppler anomaly in 10 patients (3.1%). Pre-eclampsia was the most common clinical form (70.5%), followed by chronic hypertension (15.1%) and pregnancy-induced hypertension (14.4%). In our study, 32 patients (9.8%) had received resuscitation. The most used anti-hypertensives were alpha methyl-dopa (46.1%) and nicardipine (24.5%). The obstetrical treatment consisted of uterine evacuation which was most often done by caesarean section (63.1%). Maternal complications were dominated by retroplacental hematoma (16.3%) followed by eclampsia (7.4%) and HELLP syndrome (6.7%). We have not recorded any maternal deaths. Prematurity (19.3%) and intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) (16.3%) were the most common perinatal complications. Severe and moderate neonatal asphyxia concerned respectively 14.8% and 14.4% of newborns. The birth weight was on average 2400 grams with extremes of 400 and 4500 grams. Low birth weight accounted for 49.5% of the sample. One hundred and twelve newborns (34.4%) were referred to neonatology most often for neonatal asphyxia (29.2%). We recorded 37 fetal deaths in utero (11.3%) and 10 neonatal deaths (3.1%), representing a perinatal mortality of 168.5 per 1000 live births. During the postnatal follow-up, we noted a normalization of the blood pressure figures in 98.8% of the patients. Contraception was instituted in 150 patients (46.1%). These were most often progestogen implants (32.2%) or intrauterine device (IUD) (11.7%). The choice of delivery route was significantly associated with the clinical form. Indeed, caesarean section was more frequent in case of preeclampsia compared to pregnancy-induced hypertension (p = 0.03). Maternal and perinatal complications such as HELLP syndrome (86.4%), PRH (64.2%), eclampsia (79.2%) and UFID (23.6%) were more frequent in cases severe preeclampsia (p = 0.028, p = 0.0001). Conclusion: The association of hypertension and pregnancy is frequent in our practice. Its prognosis is marked by the risk of prematurity, IUGR and maternal complications.
文摘This study aimed to analyze the environmental factors related to health vulnerability in the municipality of Sèmè-Podji. For this study, 216 households were surveyed using questionnaires. Twelve key informants were enrolled for depth interviews and 18 water samples were collected from different sources used by the populations. It came out of our investigations that water from traditional sources used at Sèmè-Podji was contaminated by various microorganisms such as Escherichia coli and fecal coliforms. 66.38% of households reject domestic waste and 47.41% of them evacuate sewage in the yard. In addition, 93.05% drop stagnant water for natural infiltration. This municipality faces lack of sanitation. The main health problems experienced by people were malaria (46.35%), diarrheal diseases (15.88%). The study stated some results which could improve the help about health management in the area.
文摘Introduction: The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a pandemic of concern to the World Health Organization. It is all the more worrisome because if not properly managed, it can be responsible for several complications, including abnormal blood counts. These abnormalities may also be related to treatment. Objectives: The main objective of this study is to show that adequate antiretroviral therapy can correct various abnormalities exerted by HIV on patients’ blood counts. The specific objective is to determine all the abnormalities we can see in blood count before and during HIV treatment. Materials and Methods: Our study was conducted in the hematology laboratory and the dermatology departments of the Aristide Le Dantec Hospital and the Institute of Social Hygiene. It took place from December 2009 to October 2011. It is a retrospective descriptive and analytical study involving HIV-positive patients (HIV 1 and 2) and under antiretroviral treatment (at least six months of treatment). We included 110 patients in the study. Blood counts were performed at the hematology laboratory of the Aristide le Dantec hospital using a KX21 automaton. Each patient received three blood counts during the first six months of treatment (M0, M3 and M6). A univariate analysis was performed to determine the profile of the abnormalities of the blood count and the chi 2 test was used and a threshold of p 0.05 was considered significant. Results: The mean age of the patients was 38.6 ± 8.6 years (extremes of 18 and 64 years) with a sex ratio of 0.42 (77 females and 33 males). The prevalence of anemia was 80% (n = 88) at M0, 53, 63% at M3 (n = 59), and 38.20% at M6 (n = 42) (p = 0.02). We noted a favorable evolution with treatment. For the other abnormalities, the evolution was favorable for leukopenia (p = 0.011) and thrombocytopenia (p = 0.007). Conclusion: Our study showed a correction of blood count abnormalities in PLHIV with antiretroviral treatment.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(82073551).
文摘The pathophysiology of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)was characterized by alterations in the intestinal microbiota and bile acids(BAs).Flaxseed powder(FLA)was rich in active components such asα-linolenic acid,dietary fiber,and lignans,which had lipid-lowering and anti-inflammatory effects.Here,we investigated whether FLA reduced liver fat and improved inflammation by modulating the gut microbiota,enriching bacteria involved in the production of 6α-hydroxylated BAs,and activating the gut-liver-BA metabolic pathway-specific receptor Takeda G protein-coupled receptor 5(TGR5).Wild-type(WT)and TGR5 knockout mice were set up in a low-fat control group,a high-fat model group and a flaxseed powder intervention group for 12 weeks.At the end of the experiment,we examined the levels of lipids(TC,LDL-C,HDL-C,and TG),the levels of inflammatory factors(TNF-αand IL-6),the pathological changes in the liver,and the differences in the expression of key proteins(CYP7A1,TLR4,and NF-κB)in the liver of TGR5^(–/–)and WT mice.In the current study,we found that 12 weeks of FLA intervention significantly attenuated the progression of NAFLD in WT mice,whereas TGR5 knockout exacerbated the extent of disease in mice with NAFLD.TGR5 gene knockout blocked the anti-inflammatory effect of FLA,but did not block its lipid-lowering effect.The TGR5 gene may be a key protein in the anti-inflammatory pathway of FLA,rather than a key protein in the lipid-lowering pathway of FLA.FLA intervention altered the relative abundance of gut microbiota with BA metabolizing enzymes,which in turn regulated the composition of intestinal BA,particularly the proportion of the key functional BAs 6α-hydroxylated BAs,thereby activating the intestinal BA-specific receptor TGR5,which might play a role in ameliorating inflammation.FLA might be a promising functional food for the prevention of NAFLD by modulating the microbiota and BAs.
基金National Basic Research Plan Project of China,No.2023YFC3708303the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.82241084the High-level Talent in Public Health of Beijing,No.Discipline Leaders-03-29(all to XL).
文摘Long-term exposure to ambient fine particulate matter(PM2.5)may increase the risk of neurotoxicity in human populations.However,research studies on the underlying mechanisms of chronic PM2.5-induced depression-like behaviors,and potential therapeutical strategies,remain scarce.In the present study,after long-term exposure to real-world PM2.5 for 15 weeks,male mice displayed depression-like behaviors,which were revealed using the open field and sucrose preference tests.Mechanistically,chronic PM2.5 exposure promoted astrocytic A1 polarization and disrupted reduction-oxidation balance in the mouse hippocampus.Furthermore,PM2.5-exposed mice displayed pathological damage to hippocampal neurons as well as the inhibition of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 signaling.Astrocytic ablation of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 exacerbated PM2.5-induced hippocampal neuronal injury in mice via the disruption of astrocyte-to-microglia communication;this finding was confirmed in mice with bilateral and unilateral hippocampal astrocytic Nfe2l2 knockdown.Importantly,the upregulation of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 activation by procyanidin significantly ameliorated PM2.5-induced depression-like behaviors through the remodeling of astrocyte-to-microglia communication.Together,our findings shed light on the important role of hippocampal astrocytic nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 activation for maintaining astrocyte-to-microglia communication,and indicate potential research avenues for therapeutic strategies against PM2.5-induced depresson-like behaviors.
基金supported by Natural Science Foundation of Henan Province of China(242300421536)College Students’Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Program of Xinxiang Medicine University(202410472024).
文摘Alzheimer's disease(AD)is a serious disease associated with cognitive impairment,and synaptic loss and amyloid-beta(Aβ)deposition are closely related to its pathogenesis.D ocosahexaenoic acid(DHA)has been reported to alter the cognitive impairment associated with aging and reduce the risk of long-term development of AD.However,the effects of Aβon synapses and whether DHA has a protective effect on synapses remain unclear.In this study,APPSwe/PSEN1d E9 transgenic and wild type mice were used as experimental subjects to explore the effect of DHA on synaptic structure and function damaged by Aβ.Results showed that a large amount of Aβwas deposited in the brain of AD mice,and DHA intervention decreased the Aβdeposition(P<0.05).DHA decreased the apoptosis of nerve cells and the oxidative stress level induced by Aβ(P<0.01).Transmission electron microscopy results showed that DHA improved the synaptic structure and number,and the expression of synaptophysin was significantly upregulated by DHA(P<0.01).Besides,neurotransmitter release was regulated after DHA intervention,including the decreased Glu level and increasedγ-aminobutyric acid level,as well as the activity of ATPase was also increased by DHA.Importantly,the phosphorylation levels of tyrosine kinase B(Trk B),phospholipase C-gamma-1,calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II,extracellular regulated protein kinases(ERK1/2),and c AMP-response element binding protein(CREB)were upregulated by DHA(P<0.01).These data indicated that DHA could improve synaptic structure and function through the Trk B-Erk1/2-CREB pathway,thus playing a positive role in the pathological process of AD.
基金supported by the Ministry of Science and Technology of the People’s Republic of China(2022YFD1800400).
文摘Staphylococcus aureus(S.aureus)is the third most common pathogen causing 10.6%of bacterial foodborne illnesses in China in 2021[1].Heat-stable Staphylococcal Enterotoxins(SEs)produced by S.aureus are the main contributors to staphylococcal food poisoning(SFP),causing vomiting,diarrhea,abdominal pain,headache,muscle cramps,and other acute gastroenteritis symptoms.More than 25 SEs and staphylococcal enterotoxin-like toxins(SE/s)have been described and which together comprise a superfamily of pyrogenic toxin superantigens(SAgs)[2].
基金supported by grants from the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2023YFC3606300,No.2022YFC3600300)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.82325043)the National Key Research and Development Program of Hubei Province(2022BCA036)。
文摘Objective This study aims to investigate the joint associations of sarcopenia and social isolation with mortality risk.Methods Using data from the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey(CLHLS)and the UK Biobank,sarcopenia was diagnosed according to European and Asian Working Groups for Sarcopenia criteria.Social isolation was assessed using standardized questionnaires,including questions on solitude,frequency of social activities,contact with others,and marital status(for the CLHLS only).Results During the follow-up period,8,249 deaths occurred in the CLHLS and 26,670 deaths in the UK Biobank groups.While no significant interaction was observed between sarcopenia and social isolation in predicting all-cause mortality in the CLHLS cohort,the association between social isolation and mortality was stronger among individuals with sarcopenia in the UK Biobank(P-interaction=0.03,relative risk due to interaction:0.23,95%confidence interval[CI]:0.06–0.41).Further joint analyses showed that participants with sarcopenia and high levels of social isolation had the highest mortality risk(hazard ration[HR]:1.99;95%CI:[1.74–2.28]in the CLHLS and 1.69[1.55–1.85]in the UK Biobank)compared to those without either condition.Conclusion The combination of social isolation and sarcopenia synergistically increases the risk of mortality in middle-aged and older adults across diverse populations.
基金Outstanding Talent in Tianjin(JC20230428)Young Scientific and Technological Talents(Level Three)in Tianjin(QN20230304)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant Nos.AMMS-QNPY-2021-008,2021ZZKY02)。
文摘Ionogel,a novel flexible electronic material,presents a plethora of applications.Despite its potential,the fabrication of multifunctional ionogel with high-performance suitable for diverse scenarios remains a significant challenge.In this study,we prepare a multifunctional amphibious ionogel skin(AIGS)using a polymerizable ionic liquid(PIL)and a conductive ionic liquid(IL)in conjunction with titanium carbide(Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x)-MXene).The resulting soft AIGS materials exhibit ductility,self-healing,and robust adhesion in mechanical properties due to non-covalent interactions,such as ion-dipole interactions and hydrogen bonding.They also demonstrate a wide sensing range(2%-400%),high sensing sensitivity(gauge factor(GF)up to 6.06),and stable sensing performance(good reliability and stability after strain)in electrical properties.The hydrophobic and dynamic viscoelastic network formed by extensive C-F bonds in the used polymer matrix,ensures the AIGS's suitability for amphibious environments.We find that AIGS has excellent triboelectric properties.Utilizing AIGS as a flexible electrode,a single-electrode triboelectric nanogenerator(SE-TENG)was constructed,achieving outstanding output performance(~300 V open-circuit voltage,172 nA short-circuit current,and 34 nC transferred charge).This device can power commercial portable electronic devices and identify different body movements.AIGS-based wearable strain sensors have also been shown to reliably detect human motion,including larger limb movements such as finger flexion and elbow flexion and extension,as well as subtle muscle movements such as frowning and swallowing.In addition,depending on the characteristics of the AIGS application in amphibious environments,the following functions can be realized simultaneously.AIGS in an aquatic environment combined with machine learning for intelligent recognition of breathing type,in an underwater environment combined with Morse code to convey simple information,and motion monitoring in an amphibious environment,demonstrates its potential feasibility in a variety of situations.
基金supported by the Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering,Institut Teknologi Bandung,Indonesia through the Research,Community Service,and Innovation Program(P2MI)for the year 2022(Dean's Decree No.:67/IT1.C06/SK-KP.01/2022)for the year 2023(Dean's Decree No.:71C/IT1.C06/SK-TA/2023).
文摘Excessive heavy metal concentrations in water can pose a threat to human health.The research analyzed 160 groundwater samples used for hygiene and sanitation,of which 62 were used for consumption,and 98 other types of drinking water were analyzed.The research findings indicate that 6%of groundwater for hygiene and sanitation and 13%of drinking water(7.8%groundwater,5.2%refill water)were deemed unfit for use due to elevated concentrations of certain heavy metals surpassing the maximum limits.As,Cd,Co,Hg,Mn,and Pb were detected in several drinking water samples deemed unsuitable for consumption.Several heavy metals suspected to originate from natural sources are Co,Fe,Mn,As,and Zn,while Pb,Cd,Hg,and Co are suspected to have anthropogenic sources.Only arsenic exposure through the ingestion pathway posed a non-carcinogenic health risk to the local population.Children were found to be more susceptible than adult males and females.The estimated average non-carcinogenic risk levels based on the water sources were refill water>well water>rainwater>spring water.Therefore,it is essential to monitor raw water sources at refill water depots in the study area and implement policies related to the quality of raw water sources,technology maintenance processes,and the quality of processed water from refill water depots.Additionally,the community should be educated about householdscale water treatment to minimize health risks and consider using untreated well water and rainwater for consumption.
基金funded by the Water Research Commission through the grant K5/2582 and the Gates Foundation through the grant OPP1170678.
文摘Onsite sanitation offers a sustainable alternative to centralized wastewater treatment;however,effective faecal sludge management is crucial for safe disposal and resource recovery.Among emerging treatment solutions,solar thermal drying holds significant promise to reduce sludge moisture content and enhance handling.Despite this potential,its application remains limited,with important knowledge gaps,particularly concerning the drying kinetics under different environmental and operational conditions.This study aims to fill these gaps by investigating the solar thermal drying behaviour of faecal sludge from ventilated improved pit latrines(VIPs)and urine-diverting dry toilets(UDs),with a specific focus on how air temperature and velocity influence drying performance.A bench-scale solar drying apparatus was used to investigate thin-layer sludge drying kinetics under controlled airflow conditions.The drying experiments were conducted at varying air temperatures(ambient,40℃,and 80℃)and velocities(0,0.5,and 1 m/s),where heated air was supplied via an electric resistance heater.Key drying parameters-including drying rate,critical moisture content,effective moisture diffusivity,and activation energy-were determined.Results showed that drying proceeded through a constant-rate period followed by a falling-rate period,with the critical moisture content ranging from 1.41 to 1.78 g/g db.Higher temperatures and airflow reduced the duration of the constant-rate phase,increased drying rates(0.31–0.99 g/g·min·m^(2)),and enhanced moisture diffusivity(4.56×10^(−9) to 1.52×10^(−8) m^(2)/s).Activation energy decreased with increased airflow,suggesting reduced temperature sensitivity.Thermal efficiency ranged from 14.6%to 35.1%,with solar energy contributing 73%–95% of total input.VIP sludge dried faster than UD sludge,which showed signs of surface crusting that limited moisture transfer.This research offers valuable insights into solar drying design and operation,providing scientific evidence to improve faecal sludge treatment strategies in decentralized sanitation systems.
基金grant Fundamental Fund of National Science Research and Innovation Fund(NSRF)via Burapha University of Thailand(Grant number 52/2024).
文摘Background:People working outdoors in the Map Ta Phut pollution control area of Thailand require comprehen-sive health monitoring.In the past,studies have been done on the health effects of pollutants.However,there are few studies on musculoskeletal disorders(MSDs),and Thailand is struggling to meet the Sustainable Development Goals.Methods:This cross-sectional study examines access to health services and factors affecting MSDs among outdoor pollution workers(OPWs).The sample group includes OPWs,including local fisherman,street vendors,public car drivers,and traffic police.We studied 50 people from each of these groups,for a total of 200 people.Data were analyzed with inferential statistics using Chi-square test,McNemar test,and Univariate logistic regression.Results:The OPWs reported experiencing significantly more total MSDs pain than they did in the past(P<0.05).Factors affecting current MSDs pain,including occupation and working days per week,were significant(P<0.05).The street vendor group and public car driver group had(odds ratio[OR]=2.253,95%confidence interval[CI]:1.101 to 5.019)and(OR=2.681,95%CI:1.191 to 6.032)times higher risks of MSDs pain,respectively.OPWs who work>5 days per week had a(OR=1.464,95%CI:1.093 to 2.704)times higher risk of MSDs pain.52.7%of OPWs with MSDs,pain(n=110)had received an annual health check-up.In the past year,50.9%had minor illnesses and 21.8%had severe illnesses.OPWs receiving free treatment and visiting health service stations for no cost comprised 77.3%and 51.8%,respectively.60.9%used their right to receive treatment with universal health insurance cards.Conclusions:The study indicates that occupational groups with MSDs pain problems should exercise this right,according to the worker protection law.Local health agencies should organize activities or create accessible media to promote preventive medicine services,as many OPWs believe that health services can only be accessed when illness occurs.
文摘Background: Since it was theorised by Abdel Omran in 1971, the epidemiological transition has been well documented in Latin America, Asia and even increasingly in Africa south of the Sahara. According to this theory, sub-Saharan Africa is in the first phase of development corresponding to the “age of plague and famine”. Given the health statistics currently available, more and more low- and middle-income countries, including those in sub-Saharan Africa, are experiencing an increase in mortality and the economic impact associated with non-communicable diseases. Côte d’Ivoire is one of the countries in sub-Saharan Africa where non-communicable diseases are currently on the rise. Despite the significant changes observed over the last decades, few studies have been carried out on the epidemiological transition in Côte d’Ivoire. It therefore seemed necessary to examine the changes in patterns of disease occurrence and causes of death in Côte d’Ivoire. Objectives: This work aimed to determine the reality of the epidemiological transition in Côte d’Ivoire and characterize its facies from 1990 to 2020. Methods: A literature review was carried out using PubMed, Medline, Google Scholar, Google, institutional websites (WHO, World Bank), university library websites and institutional reports from Côte d’Ivoire. The indicators sought were mortality, morbidity, life expectancy and fertility. Results: Mortality fell overall from 13.88‰ to 9.70‰, with variations linked to cyclical situations. Life expectancy rose by 52.6 to 59.03 years, although it is still below 60. Fertility has fallen from 6.3 to 4.5 children. There is a general downward trend in morbidity due to communicable diseases between 2009 and 2019, followed by an increase in non-communicable diseases. Conclusion: Côte d’Ivoire is undergoing an original and complex epidemiological transition that needs to be taken into account in health policies and strategies.
基金supported partly by the Research Foundation of Health and family planning commission in Heilongjiang(2016-272)the Natural Science Foundation of Heilongjiang Province(LH2021H010).
文摘Background:Northern residents predominantly rely on coal-fired heating during winter,leading to severe air pollution.Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs)adsorbed on atmospheric particulate matter pose significant health risks.Among PAHs,dibenz[a,h]anthracene(DahA),though present at lower environmental concentrations compared to other PAHs,exhibits a carcinogenic potency that is 10 or more times greater than benzo[a]pyrene(BaP),underscoring its potential harm.Despite reports on DahA's multiple toxic effects,its impact on metabolic networks remains poorly understood.Methods:Based on the respiratory volume of adult rats and the concentration of PM2.5-bound DahA in heavily polluted cities of northern China,adult Sprague-Dawley rats were treated with DahA(0.07μg/kg and 0.2μg/kg)twice weekly for four weeks via intratracheal instillation.Metabolomic profiling of serum was performed using rapid resolution liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry(RRLC/Q-TOF-MS)to elucidate metabolic disruptions caused by DahA exposure.Results:DahA exposure induced significant oxidative stress and inflammatory responses in rats,accompanied by notable alterations in the serum metabolome.A total of 11 metabolites were found to be decreased,and 2 metabolites were increased,with disruptions observed in folate biosynthesis,glycerophospholipid metabolism,and nitrogen metabolism pathways.Additionally,metabolic dysregulation may interfere with the tricarboxylic acid cycle and compromise nucleotide homeostasis.Conclusion:These findings enhance our understanding of the toxicological effects of DahA exposure and its role in lung damage.The results suggest that metabolic disturbances caused by DahA may contribute to the exacerbation of respiratory diseases associated with particulate matter-bound PAH pollution during the heating season in cold regions.
文摘Objective:To explore the experiences of contraceptive use,reasons for discontinuation,and future intent to use modern contraceptives among married men in West Bengal,India.Methods:A community-based cross-sectional qualitative study was conducted among married men(n=10),aged 18 to 50 years by in-depth face-to-face interviews using a predesigned interview guide.The results were transcribed,coded and analysed recognising major themes.Results:The study identified the following themes as a rationale for men’s limited involvement in contraception:insufficient knowledge and education about contraception,cultural and religious barriers,misconceptions,economic hardships,gender-based disparities,and a shortage of male healthcare workers,along with a reluctance to seek help.Limited overall awareness about the specific role of men in reproductive health was also believed to hinder men's meaningful involvement in fertility regulation issues.Conclusions:Several challenges are identified among married males related to effective contraception use and the findings emphasize the importance of comprehensive education,culturally sensitive strategies,and improving access and affordability of contraceptives to overcome such barriers.These steps are essential for enabling informed reproductive health decisions and improving reproductive health outcomes.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(82273620,81302427)。
文摘Identifying a potential dietary non-pharmacological treatment to prevent cerebrovascular damage in Alzheimer's disease is crucial for alleviating cognitive decline in older adults and enhancing quality of life.This study featured the combined supplementation of soy lecithin(SL)and soy isoflavones(SIF),using in vivo animal models,in vitro vascular ring preparation,and cell studies to investigate the potential advantages and mechanisms of SL combined with SIF on cognitive function and cerebrovascular health from multiple perspectives.The results show that Aβcan significantly induce learning and memory impairment in rats,as well as pathological changes in brain blood vessels,exacerbating damage to cerebral vasodilation function and subsequently reducing cerebral blood flow in the brain.The above-mentioned phenomena induced by Aβcan be significantly improved by the combined intervention of SL and SIF.Further research has revealed that the combined intervention of SL and SIF can reverse the downregulation of the PI3K/PIP3/PDK-1/Akt/eNOS signaling pathway and phosphorylated protein expression induced by Aβin rat brain vascular tissues and bEND.3 cells.Silencing PDK-1 expression in bEND.3 cells showed that the upregulation effect of SL and SIF on Akt and eNOS disappeared.Here we find that prophylactically supplementation with SL in conjunction with SIF appears to effectively activate the PI3K/PIP3/PDK-1/Akt/e NOS pathway within cerebral vascular.This activation improves cerebrovascular vasodilation,offering potential protective effects for both cerebral vascular health and cognitive function.
基金funded by the Chinese Nutrition Society and PepsiCo Inc.
文摘Digestive health is important for overall well-being,but gut health problems are common in the Chinese population.The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of oatβ-glucan-based prebiotic blended formulas in humans on digestive health by assessing defecation frequency,defecation symptoms,stool quality,self-reported digestive feelings,defecation satisfaction,and gut bacteria.A parallel,randomized,double-blind,controlled trial was conducted in 168 eligible adults randomized to 3 groups for 14 days:Intervention groups A and B received 2 different doses of oatβ-glucan-based prebiotic blended formulas and a Control group received oatβ-glucan mixed with hydroxypropylmethyl-cellulose and microcrystalline cellulose.Participants completed a defecation diary and Bristol stool chart daily and digestive system questionnaires weekly.Fecal samples were collected on day 0 and day 14 to evaluate gut bacteria using 16S rDNA analysis.Both formulas improved defecation frequency,stool quality,defecation symptoms,defecation satisfaction,and on digestive health of human,compared with baseline(P<0.05).Both formulas led to increased quantities of Bifidobacterium and Akkermansia bacteria,compared to control,on day 14.This study therefore demonstrated the beneficial effects of oatβ-glucan-based prebiotic blended formulas on gut health in generally healthy Chinese adults.These formulas are a feasible nutritional strategy for digestive health.
文摘Introduction Human papillomavirus(HPV)vaccination is a cornerstone of cervical cancer prevention,particularly in low-and middle-income countries(LMICs),where the burden of disease remains high~1.The World Health Organization(WHO)HPV Vaccine Introduction Clearing House reported that 147 countries(of 194 reporting)had fully introduced the HPV vaccine into their national schedules as of 20242.After COVID-19 pandemic disruptions,global coverage is again increasing.
文摘To the Editor:Abeleda et al.[1]recently argued in a perspective article that the Philippines should do better in order to achieve its goal of reducing schistosomiasis incidence to zero in humans,animals,and snails by 2025[2,3].The authors appropriately ascribed the need to ramp up surveillance,WASH(water,sanitation,and hygiene),and veterinary efforts.In this letter,I would like to add to the discussion that the key to achieving schistosomiasis elimination may be strengthening the veterinary public health sector and framing mitigation efforts within the One Health lens.Schistosoma(S.)japonicum infection is a zoonotic disease and it affects more than 40 species of animals,including livestock animals like cattle,pigs,and water buffaloes,and pets like dogs[4].In the Philippines,the prevalence of infection in animal reservoirs remains largely unknown in most endemic areas due to the lack of concerted epidemiological efforts unlike what is being done in human hosts.In areas where studies have been done,infection rates are from less than 10%to 97%in water buffaloes tested[5-7].Indeed,as Abeleda et al.[1]argued,there is a need to do better on this front.
