INTRODUCTION Although the content of one's consciousness changes through time(eg,personality changes),their identity or psychological continuity still,somehow,remains the same.In fact,typical human self-continuity...INTRODUCTION Although the content of one's consciousness changes through time(eg,personality changes),their identity or psychological continuity still,somehow,remains the same.In fact,typical human self-continuity-the unity of consciousness over timespreads out over a period of hours,from one episode of dreamless sleep to a waking state.I wake up,eat breakfast,take a shower,get dressed,go to the institute and start the routine work of my scientific life.I am conscious the whole time,and the experiences I have at each phase of my morning,belong to a single stream of consciousness.展开更多
We investigated the relationships between the existence of exercise partners and exercise habits among Japanese university students. Subjects were 650 university students (539 males, 111 females;age range 18 - 27 year...We investigated the relationships between the existence of exercise partners and exercise habits among Japanese university students. Subjects were 650 university students (539 males, 111 females;age range 18 - 27 years). They responded to an anonymous questionnaire asking about current and past exercise habits, preference for exercise (i.e., like or dislike of exercise), and the existence of one or more exercise partners. In the results, the existence of exercise partners had a significant association with exercise habits at each school stage in both genders. Exercise preference had a significant association with exercise habits during high school in both genders;during primary and middle school, however, this association was significant only in males. In males, exercise habits and the preference for exercising in high school affected current exercise habits. In females, only exercise habits in high school affected current exercise habits. Our results suggest that the existence of one or more exercise partners is important for the practice of exercise, as well as the preference for exercise. They also suggest that continuity of exercise habits is different between males and females.展开更多
Venom snake-derived peptides have multiple biochemical,pharmacological,and toxicological profiles,allowing for the discovery of new medicinal products and therapeutic applications.This review specifically examines the f...Venom snake-derived peptides have multiple biochemical,pharmacological,and toxicological profiles,allowing for the discovery of new medicinal products and therapeutic applications.This review specifically examines the fundamental elements of neuroprotection offered by different oligopeptides derived from snake venom.It also includes a brief evaluation of short peptides that are being considered as potential therapeutic agents.Proline-rich peptides and tryptophyllin family peptides isolated from the crude venom of Viperidae family snakes,specifically Bothrops atrox,Bothrops jararaca,and Bothrops moojeni,have been shown to have pro-survival properties,the ability to reduce oxidative stress,and the ability to promote cell viability and mitochondrial functions.Three significant mechanisms are related to the neuroprotection mediated by snake venom oligopeptides:(1)Activation of the L-arginine metabolite pathway,such as polyamines from ornithine metabolism,which reduces N-methyl-D-aspartate(NMDA)-type glutamate receptor activity;(2)Enhancement of cell viability by activating the nerve growth factor-signaling pathway;and(3)Activation of the Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor subtype M1(mAChR-M1).These small peptides show promise as neuroprotective agents against a variety of neurodegenerative disorders.展开更多
Bothrops envenomation is complex and provokes prominent local tissue damage and systemic disturbances,but little is known about their effects on the male reproductive system.After intratesticular injection,the bioacti...Bothrops envenomation is complex and provokes prominent local tissue damage and systemic disturbances,but little is known about their effects on the male reproductive system.After intratesticular injection,the bioactive peptide fraction(Bj-PF)obtained from Bothrops jararaca snake venom changes the structure of different stages of the seminiferous epithelium cycle in adult mice.For the first time,we investigated whether local envenomation of Bj-PF induces toxicological effects on the male reproductive system,particularly on the seminiferous epithelium and Sertoli cells.Male adult mice were treated with 0.24 mg.kg^(-1) by intramuscular(i.m.)injection for 24 h.The testes samples were collected for morphological and morphometric evaluation.The toxicological effects of Bj-PF were also analyzed on mitochondrial metabolism and nitrite(NO2)production in 15P-1 Sertoli cell culture.Bj-PF changed the structure and function of the seminiferous epithelium,particularly the disruption of the epithelium and the presence of degenerated germ cells in the adluminal compartment,but there were no alterations in the basal compartment.Bj-PF increased the thickness of the seminiferous epithelium and decreased the lumen diameter of the tubule.Semiquantitative histological assessment of the degree of tubule degeneration revealed that Bj-PF also increased the number of hypospermatogenic tubules compared to control.Bj-PF reduced NO2 levels in 15P-1 Sertoli cells without changing the mitochondrial metabolism.Overall,the fact that Bj-PF alters the structure and function of the seminiferous epithelium suggests that bioactive peptides found in B.jararaca snake venom can have toxicological effects on the reproductive systems of affected male mice,providing new insight into the biological characteristics of snake venom and therapeutic strategies for envenomation inflammation.展开更多
Culture is symbolism.Symbols allow a distance between perception and interpretation and create space for intentional action.Science,the arts,and religions are different cultural strategies to transcend sensual percept...Culture is symbolism.Symbols allow a distance between perception and interpretation and create space for intentional action.Science,the arts,and religions are different cultural strategies to transcend sensual perception and open up the search and representation of structures and relations in and yet beyond sensual experience.The arts demonstrate,interpret,and invent such connectivities.Knowing,feeling,and representing hidden structures influence the very ways of perception,which are categorized in theories of perception called aesthetics.The processual and non-dual character of perception can be modeled not only on the basis of the well-known distinctions in European epistemologies(based on Platonic and Aristotelian modes of thinking)but on the Buddhist theory of skandhas,which might be able to transcend the dualism of matter and mind.The dynamics of perception will be explained on this basis using the categories of beauty and sublime and veiling and revealing(unveiling).The central category of aesthetic processes is similarity or variation,being expressed in fractal proportions and relationships in the processes of knowing and feeling.展开更多
Using fMRI,a core evaluation mechanism was found for aesthetic judgments with add-on neural activities for moral and commercial judgments.We propose that aesthetic evaluations serve as a basic core mechanism implicitl...Using fMRI,a core evaluation mechanism was found for aesthetic judgments with add-on neural activities for moral and commercial judgments.We propose that aesthetic evaluations serve as a basic core mechanism implicitly for moral and commercial judgments.展开更多
文摘INTRODUCTION Although the content of one's consciousness changes through time(eg,personality changes),their identity or psychological continuity still,somehow,remains the same.In fact,typical human self-continuity-the unity of consciousness over timespreads out over a period of hours,from one episode of dreamless sleep to a waking state.I wake up,eat breakfast,take a shower,get dressed,go to the institute and start the routine work of my scientific life.I am conscious the whole time,and the experiences I have at each phase of my morning,belong to a single stream of consciousness.
文摘We investigated the relationships between the existence of exercise partners and exercise habits among Japanese university students. Subjects were 650 university students (539 males, 111 females;age range 18 - 27 years). They responded to an anonymous questionnaire asking about current and past exercise habits, preference for exercise (i.e., like or dislike of exercise), and the existence of one or more exercise partners. In the results, the existence of exercise partners had a significant association with exercise habits at each school stage in both genders. Exercise preference had a significant association with exercise habits during high school in both genders;during primary and middle school, however, this association was significant only in males. In males, exercise habits and the preference for exercising in high school affected current exercise habits. In females, only exercise habits in high school affected current exercise habits. Our results suggest that the existence of one or more exercise partners is important for the practice of exercise, as well as the preference for exercise. They also suggest that continuity of exercise habits is different between males and females.
基金This work received funding from the State of São Paulo Research Foundation(FAPESP)and the Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel(CAPES)under Finance Code 001.
文摘Venom snake-derived peptides have multiple biochemical,pharmacological,and toxicological profiles,allowing for the discovery of new medicinal products and therapeutic applications.This review specifically examines the fundamental elements of neuroprotection offered by different oligopeptides derived from snake venom.It also includes a brief evaluation of short peptides that are being considered as potential therapeutic agents.Proline-rich peptides and tryptophyllin family peptides isolated from the crude venom of Viperidae family snakes,specifically Bothrops atrox,Bothrops jararaca,and Bothrops moojeni,have been shown to have pro-survival properties,the ability to reduce oxidative stress,and the ability to promote cell viability and mitochondrial functions.Three significant mechanisms are related to the neuroprotection mediated by snake venom oligopeptides:(1)Activation of the L-arginine metabolite pathway,such as polyamines from ornithine metabolism,which reduces N-methyl-D-aspartate(NMDA)-type glutamate receptor activity;(2)Enhancement of cell viability by activating the nerve growth factor-signaling pathway;and(3)Activation of the Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor subtype M1(mAChR-M1).These small peptides show promise as neuroprotective agents against a variety of neurodegenerative disorders.
基金supported by the State of São Paulo Research Foundation(FAPESP)the Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel(CAPES)(Finance Code 001).
文摘Bothrops envenomation is complex and provokes prominent local tissue damage and systemic disturbances,but little is known about their effects on the male reproductive system.After intratesticular injection,the bioactive peptide fraction(Bj-PF)obtained from Bothrops jararaca snake venom changes the structure of different stages of the seminiferous epithelium cycle in adult mice.For the first time,we investigated whether local envenomation of Bj-PF induces toxicological effects on the male reproductive system,particularly on the seminiferous epithelium and Sertoli cells.Male adult mice were treated with 0.24 mg.kg^(-1) by intramuscular(i.m.)injection for 24 h.The testes samples were collected for morphological and morphometric evaluation.The toxicological effects of Bj-PF were also analyzed on mitochondrial metabolism and nitrite(NO2)production in 15P-1 Sertoli cell culture.Bj-PF changed the structure and function of the seminiferous epithelium,particularly the disruption of the epithelium and the presence of degenerated germ cells in the adluminal compartment,but there were no alterations in the basal compartment.Bj-PF increased the thickness of the seminiferous epithelium and decreased the lumen diameter of the tubule.Semiquantitative histological assessment of the degree of tubule degeneration revealed that Bj-PF also increased the number of hypospermatogenic tubules compared to control.Bj-PF reduced NO2 levels in 15P-1 Sertoli cells without changing the mitochondrial metabolism.Overall,the fact that Bj-PF alters the structure and function of the seminiferous epithelium suggests that bioactive peptides found in B.jararaca snake venom can have toxicological effects on the reproductive systems of affected male mice,providing new insight into the biological characteristics of snake venom and therapeutic strategies for envenomation inflammation.
文摘Culture is symbolism.Symbols allow a distance between perception and interpretation and create space for intentional action.Science,the arts,and religions are different cultural strategies to transcend sensual perception and open up the search and representation of structures and relations in and yet beyond sensual experience.The arts demonstrate,interpret,and invent such connectivities.Knowing,feeling,and representing hidden structures influence the very ways of perception,which are categorized in theories of perception called aesthetics.The processual and non-dual character of perception can be modeled not only on the basis of the well-known distinctions in European epistemologies(based on Platonic and Aristotelian modes of thinking)but on the Buddhist theory of skandhas,which might be able to transcend the dualism of matter and mind.The dynamics of perception will be explained on this basis using the categories of beauty and sublime and veiling and revealing(unveiling).The central category of aesthetic processes is similarity or variation,being expressed in fractal proportions and relationships in the processes of knowing and feeling.
基金supported by Grant 31371018 and 31771213 from the National Natural Science Foundation of China for Y.B.,the Parmenides Foundation for F.S.,and the Hanns-Seidel Foundation for S.S.the authors are grateful for the support of Mihai Avram.Open access funding enabled and organized by Projekt DEAL.
文摘Using fMRI,a core evaluation mechanism was found for aesthetic judgments with add-on neural activities for moral and commercial judgments.We propose that aesthetic evaluations serve as a basic core mechanism implicitly for moral and commercial judgments.
