Background:Excessive heat exposure can lead to hyperthermia in humans,which impairs physical performance and disrupts cognitive function.While heat is a known physiological stressor,it is unclear how severe heat stres...Background:Excessive heat exposure can lead to hyperthermia in humans,which impairs physical performance and disrupts cognitive function.While heat is a known physiological stressor,it is unclear how severe heat stress affects brain physiology and function.Methods:Eleven healthy participants were subjected to heat stress from prolonged exercise or warm water immersion until their rectal temperatures(T_(re))attained 39.5℃,inducing exertional or passive hyperthermia,respectively.In a separate trial,blended ice was ingested before and during exercise as a cooling strategy.Data were compared to a control condition with seated rest(normothermic).Brain temperature(T_(br)),cerebral perfusion,and task-based brain activity were assessed using magnetic resonance imaging techniques.Results:T_(br)in motor cortex was found to be tightly regulated at rest(37.3℃±0.4℃(mean±SD))despite fluctuations in T_(re).With the development of hyperthermia,T_(br)increases and dovetails with the rising T_(re).Bilateral motor cortical activity was suppressed during high-intensity plantarflexion tasks,implying a reduced central motor drive in hyperthermic participants(T_(re)=38.5℃±0.1℃).Global gray matter perfusion and regional perfusion in sensorimotor cortex were reduced with passive hyperthermia.Executive function was poorer under a passive hyperthermic state,and this could relate to compromised visual processing as indicated by the reduced activation of left lateral-occipital cortex.Conversely,ingestion of blended ice before and during exercise alleviated the rise in both T_(re)and T_(bc)and mitigated heat-related neural perturbations.Conclusion:Severe heat exposure elevates T_(br),disrupts motor cortical activity and executive function,and this can lead to impairment of physical and cognitive performance.展开更多
Objective:To examine the impact of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy(HDP)on offspring metabolomics.Methods:We searched five databases:PubMed,Ovid Embase,MEDLINE,Web of Science,and China National Knowledge Infrastruc...Objective:To examine the impact of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy(HDP)on offspring metabolomics.Methods:We searched five databases:PubMed,Ovid Embase,MEDLINE,Web of Science,and China National Knowledge Infrastructure,and included studies that reported metabolomics among human offspring born to HDP-complicated pregnancies.Results:Database search yielded 4054 articles,and after full-text screening,ten observational studies met inclusion criteria.Half of the studies had a sample size of less than 100 and were all observational studies in preeclampsia(PE)and gestational hypertension.Neonates were the most focused group in all included studies.Offspring born to HDP-complicated pregnancies exhibited statistically significant variations in blood metabolomics compared to their counterparts,characterized by amino acids,lipids,carnitine,and others(e.g.,1α,25-(OH)_(2)-D).Most studies reported a significant increase in differential metabolites of offspring born to HDP-complicated pregnancies.Four studies(n=1109)measured lipids-related metabolites,and all consistently showed that offspring born to PE-complicated pregnancies had significantly higher concentrations than non-PE exposed offspring.Conclusion:The existing evidence suggests an intergenerational effect of HDP on offspring metabolomics.Long-term follow-up studies are needed to advance the health effects of related adverse health outcomes and inform the prevention of offspring’s health.展开更多
Background In a multinational randomized controlled trial,we previously showed that maternal supplementation with myo-inositol,probiotics,and micronutrients was associated with reduced incidence of rapid infant weight...Background In a multinational randomized controlled trial,we previously showed that maternal supplementation with myo-inositol,probiotics,and micronutrients was associated with reduced incidence of rapid infant weight gain and high body mass index(BMI)at two years among offspring.It was unclear whether these differences in weight gain and body mass were due to reduced adiposity.Therefore,we aimed to determine whether there were any differences in body composition.Methods Body composition was measured using bioelectrical impedance spectroscopy at six weeks,six months,one year,and two years among offspring born to mothers who received a nutritional intervention(n=268)or control(n=264)supplement preconception and during pregnancy.Results There were no group-level differences in body composition,except at two years,when fat-free mass was greater among control offspring[adjusted mean difference(aMD)0.14 kg,95%confidence interval(CI)0.03,0.25,P=0.012].However,there were no differences in mean percentage fat mass(%FM)at any time.In both groups,rapid weight gain[Δweight>0.67 standard deviation(SD)from birth to one year]was associated with greater%FM(aMD 2.0%at six months,2.0%at one year,1.4%at two years)compared with those who did not have rapid weight gain.Likewise,high BMI(≥95 percentile)at two years was associated with greater%FM(aMD 2.5%).Conclusions A maternal nutritional intervention did not lead to differences in average offspring body composition in the first two years of life.However,fewer offspring from the supplemented group experienced rapid weight gain and high BMI,characterized by greater%FM.展开更多
Over the past two decades,population-based studies employing semiautomatic computer-assisted programs have uncovered associations between retinal microvascular features and various systemic conditions.As the recogniti...Over the past two decades,population-based studies employing semiautomatic computer-assisted programs have uncovered associations between retinal microvascular features and various systemic conditions.As the recognition of retinal imaging in cardiometabolic health grows,there is increasing evidence supporting its application in women’s health,particularly during the reproductive age.This review aims to summarize the indications of retinal imaging in women’s health and intergenerational health,where suboptimal retinal imaging has been found to mirror pathological systemic changes,such as suboptimal hemodynamic circulation,inflammation,endothelial dysfunction,oxidative stress,and hypoxia in vivo.Findings from Singapore Growing Up in Singapore Towards Healthy Outcomes and Singapore Preconception Study of Long-Term Maternal and Child Outcomes cohorts have reported serial changes in retinal conventional microvascular features(e.g.,retinal arteriolar narrowing,retinal venular widening)and retinal geometric microvascular features(e.g.,sparse fractal dimension,enlarged branching angle,and increased curvature tortuosity)during the preconception and antenatal phases.These morphological abnormalities were found to be related to female fertility,maternal antenatal health conditions,postnatal maternal cardiometabolic health,and intergenerational health in the fetus.Given the compelling evidence of the ability to detect microvascular changes through noninvasive methods at an early stage,retinal imaging holds the potential to facilitate timely interventions,mitigate the progression of complications,and prevent adverse pregnancy outcomes.Looking ahead,the convergence of artificial intelligence and advanced imaging techniques heralds a promising era in women’s health research and clinical practice.展开更多
China’s“three-child policy”,implemented in response to population aging,has made the protection of maternal and infant health an urgent priority.In this environmental and medical big-data era,the Zhejiang Environme...China’s“three-child policy”,implemented in response to population aging,has made the protection of maternal and infant health an urgent priority.In this environmental and medical big-data era,the Zhejiang Environmental and Birth Health Research Alliance(ZEBRA)maternity cohort was established with the aim of identifying risk factors for perinatal morbidity and mortality from the perspectives of both observational epidemiology and experimental etiology.Compared with conventional birth cohorts,the inclusion of a maternity cohort allows greater scope for research and places an emphasis on maternal health.In particular,it allows us to focus on pregnant women with a history of pregnancy-related illnesses and those planning to have a second or third child.There are currently many pressing issues in perinatal health,including the risk associations between exogenous together with endogenous factors and the occurrence of perinatal abnormalities,pregnancy complications,and adverse pregnancy outcomes.It is crucial to explore the interaction between environmental exposures and genetic factors affecting perinatal health if we are to improve it.It is also worthwhile to assess the feasibility of the early stage prediction of major perinatal abnormalities.We hope to study this in the ZEBRA cohort and also seek nationwide and international collaborations to establish a multicenter cohort consortium,with the ultimate goal of contributing epidemiological evidence to literature and providing evidence-based insights for global maternal and child healthcare.展开更多
Purpose This study examined the effects of tournament load on neuromuscular function,perceived wellness and coach rat-ings of performance across two 6-day netball tournaments.Methods Thirty-nine female youth netballer...Purpose This study examined the effects of tournament load on neuromuscular function,perceived wellness and coach rat-ings of performance across two 6-day netball tournaments.Methods Thirty-nine female youth netballers(age=14.6±0.5 years,stature=165.9±4.7 cm,body mass=56.5±7.2 kg)were categorised as HIGH(10-11 matches,n=20)or LOW(6 matches,n=19)tournament load.Match load,jump height,perceived wellness and coach ratings of performance were monitored daily.Results HIGH tournament load resulted in greater reductions in jump height on match-day 4(-8.3%,±5.6%)when compared to LOW.HIGH tournament load resulted in greater reductions in perceived soreness(-0.9,±1.1 AU)and overall wellness(-2.6,±2.3 AU)on match-day 3,and a greater reduction in perceived sleep(-0.9,±1.1 AU)on match-day 4.HIGH tournament load was negatively associated with sleep quality and coach ratings of performance(effect size correlation=-0.34 to-0.47)when compared to LOW.Conclusion Our results indicate that a higher tournament load resulted in greater increases in neuromuscular fatigue,reduced perceived wellness,and lower ratings of performance.Practitioners should consider pre-tournament preparation and monitoring strategies to minimise the physiological disturbances during an intensified tournament.展开更多
基金supported by Defence Innovative Research Program(DIRP)Grant(PA No.9015102335)from Defence Research&Technology Office,Ministry of Defence,Singapore。
文摘Background:Excessive heat exposure can lead to hyperthermia in humans,which impairs physical performance and disrupts cognitive function.While heat is a known physiological stressor,it is unclear how severe heat stress affects brain physiology and function.Methods:Eleven healthy participants were subjected to heat stress from prolonged exercise or warm water immersion until their rectal temperatures(T_(re))attained 39.5℃,inducing exertional or passive hyperthermia,respectively.In a separate trial,blended ice was ingested before and during exercise as a cooling strategy.Data were compared to a control condition with seated rest(normothermic).Brain temperature(T_(br)),cerebral perfusion,and task-based brain activity were assessed using magnetic resonance imaging techniques.Results:T_(br)in motor cortex was found to be tightly regulated at rest(37.3℃±0.4℃(mean±SD))despite fluctuations in T_(re).With the development of hyperthermia,T_(br)increases and dovetails with the rising T_(re).Bilateral motor cortical activity was suppressed during high-intensity plantarflexion tasks,implying a reduced central motor drive in hyperthermic participants(T_(re)=38.5℃±0.1℃).Global gray matter perfusion and regional perfusion in sensorimotor cortex were reduced with passive hyperthermia.Executive function was poorer under a passive hyperthermic state,and this could relate to compromised visual processing as indicated by the reduced activation of left lateral-occipital cortex.Conversely,ingestion of blended ice before and during exercise alleviated the rise in both T_(re)and T_(bc)and mitigated heat-related neural perturbations.Conclusion:Severe heat exposure elevates T_(br),disrupts motor cortical activity and executive function,and this can lead to impairment of physical and cognitive performance.
基金supported by grants from the Chunhui Program,administered by the Department of International Cooperation and Exchange under the Ministry of Education(Grant Number:HZKY20220393)the Natural Science Foun dation of Jiangxi Province,funded by the Science and Technology Department of Jiangxi Province(Grant Number:20232BAB216103)the China Scholarship Council.
文摘Objective:To examine the impact of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy(HDP)on offspring metabolomics.Methods:We searched five databases:PubMed,Ovid Embase,MEDLINE,Web of Science,and China National Knowledge Infrastructure,and included studies that reported metabolomics among human offspring born to HDP-complicated pregnancies.Results:Database search yielded 4054 articles,and after full-text screening,ten observational studies met inclusion criteria.Half of the studies had a sample size of less than 100 and were all observational studies in preeclampsia(PE)and gestational hypertension.Neonates were the most focused group in all included studies.Offspring born to HDP-complicated pregnancies exhibited statistically significant variations in blood metabolomics compared to their counterparts,characterized by amino acids,lipids,carnitine,and others(e.g.,1α,25-(OH)_(2)-D).Most studies reported a significant increase in differential metabolites of offspring born to HDP-complicated pregnancies.Four studies(n=1109)measured lipids-related metabolites,and all consistently showed that offspring born to PE-complicated pregnancies had significantly higher concentrations than non-PE exposed offspring.Conclusion:The existing evidence suggests an intergenerational effect of HDP on offspring metabolomics.Long-term follow-up studies are needed to advance the health effects of related adverse health outcomes and inform the prevention of offspring’s health.
基金funding enabled and organized by CAUL and its Member Institutions.Public good funding for this investigator-led study is through the UK Medical Research Council(as part of an MRC award to the MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit(MC_UU_12011/4))the Singapore National Research Foundation,National Medical Research Council(NMRC,NMRC/TCR/012-NUHS/2014)+5 种基金the National University of Singapore(NUS)and the Agency of Science,Technology and Research(as part of the Growth,Development and Metabolism Programme of the Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences(SICS)(H17/01/a0/005)as part of Gravida,a New Zealand Government Centre of Research Excellence.Funding for provision of the intervention and control drinks and to cover aspects of the fieldwork for the study has been provided by SociétéDes Produits NestléS.A under a Research Agreement with the University of Southampton,Auckland UniServices Ltd,SICS,National University Hospital Singapore PTE Ltd and NUS.KMG is supported by the National Institute for Health Research(NIHR Senior Investigator(NF-SI-0515-10042)NIHR Southampton 1000DaysPlus Global Nutrition Research Group(17/63/154)NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Center(IS-BRC-1215-20004))British Heart Foundation(RG/15/17/3174)the European Union(Erasmus+Programme ImpENSA 598488-EPP-1-2018-1-DE-EPPKA2-CBHE-JP).SYC is supported by a Singapore NMRC Clinician Scientist Awards(NMRC/CSA-INV/0010/2016,MOH-CSAINV19nov-0002).
文摘Background In a multinational randomized controlled trial,we previously showed that maternal supplementation with myo-inositol,probiotics,and micronutrients was associated with reduced incidence of rapid infant weight gain and high body mass index(BMI)at two years among offspring.It was unclear whether these differences in weight gain and body mass were due to reduced adiposity.Therefore,we aimed to determine whether there were any differences in body composition.Methods Body composition was measured using bioelectrical impedance spectroscopy at six weeks,six months,one year,and two years among offspring born to mothers who received a nutritional intervention(n=268)or control(n=264)supplement preconception and during pregnancy.Results There were no group-level differences in body composition,except at two years,when fat-free mass was greater among control offspring[adjusted mean difference(aMD)0.14 kg,95%confidence interval(CI)0.03,0.25,P=0.012].However,there were no differences in mean percentage fat mass(%FM)at any time.In both groups,rapid weight gain[Δweight>0.67 standard deviation(SD)from birth to one year]was associated with greater%FM(aMD 2.0%at six months,2.0%at one year,1.4%at two years)compared with those who did not have rapid weight gain.Likewise,high BMI(≥95 percentile)at two years was associated with greater%FM(aMD 2.5%).Conclusions A maternal nutritional intervention did not lead to differences in average offspring body composition in the first two years of life.However,fewer offspring from the supplemented group experienced rapid weight gain and high BMI,characterized by greater%FM.
文摘Over the past two decades,population-based studies employing semiautomatic computer-assisted programs have uncovered associations between retinal microvascular features and various systemic conditions.As the recognition of retinal imaging in cardiometabolic health grows,there is increasing evidence supporting its application in women’s health,particularly during the reproductive age.This review aims to summarize the indications of retinal imaging in women’s health and intergenerational health,where suboptimal retinal imaging has been found to mirror pathological systemic changes,such as suboptimal hemodynamic circulation,inflammation,endothelial dysfunction,oxidative stress,and hypoxia in vivo.Findings from Singapore Growing Up in Singapore Towards Healthy Outcomes and Singapore Preconception Study of Long-Term Maternal and Child Outcomes cohorts have reported serial changes in retinal conventional microvascular features(e.g.,retinal arteriolar narrowing,retinal venular widening)and retinal geometric microvascular features(e.g.,sparse fractal dimension,enlarged branching angle,and increased curvature tortuosity)during the preconception and antenatal phases.These morphological abnormalities were found to be related to female fertility,maternal antenatal health conditions,postnatal maternal cardiometabolic health,and intergenerational health in the fetus.Given the compelling evidence of the ability to detect microvascular changes through noninvasive methods at an early stage,retinal imaging holds the potential to facilitate timely interventions,mitigate the progression of complications,and prevent adverse pregnancy outcomes.Looking ahead,the convergence of artificial intelligence and advanced imaging techniques heralds a promising era in women’s health research and clinical practice.
基金funding from various sources,including the Zhejiang Province Health Innovative Talent Project(A0466)the International Cooperation Seed Program of Women’s Hospital,Zhejiang University(GH2022B008-01 and GH2024005)+3 种基金the Australian Research Council(DP210102076)the Australian National Health and Medical Research Council(APP2000581)the UK Research and Innovation(UKRI)Centre for Application of Artificial Intelligence to the Study of Environmental Risks(AI4ER,EP/S022961/1)the Start-up Grant from Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine,National University of Singapore(NUHSRO/2024/045/Startup/06),and the US-China Fulbright Program.
文摘China’s“three-child policy”,implemented in response to population aging,has made the protection of maternal and infant health an urgent priority.In this environmental and medical big-data era,the Zhejiang Environmental and Birth Health Research Alliance(ZEBRA)maternity cohort was established with the aim of identifying risk factors for perinatal morbidity and mortality from the perspectives of both observational epidemiology and experimental etiology.Compared with conventional birth cohorts,the inclusion of a maternity cohort allows greater scope for research and places an emphasis on maternal health.In particular,it allows us to focus on pregnant women with a history of pregnancy-related illnesses and those planning to have a second or third child.There are currently many pressing issues in perinatal health,including the risk associations between exogenous together with endogenous factors and the occurrence of perinatal abnormalities,pregnancy complications,and adverse pregnancy outcomes.It is crucial to explore the interaction between environmental exposures and genetic factors affecting perinatal health if we are to improve it.It is also worthwhile to assess the feasibility of the early stage prediction of major perinatal abnormalities.We hope to study this in the ZEBRA cohort and also seek nationwide and international collaborations to establish a multicenter cohort consortium,with the ultimate goal of contributing epidemiological evidence to literature and providing evidence-based insights for global maternal and child healthcare.
文摘Purpose This study examined the effects of tournament load on neuromuscular function,perceived wellness and coach rat-ings of performance across two 6-day netball tournaments.Methods Thirty-nine female youth netballers(age=14.6±0.5 years,stature=165.9±4.7 cm,body mass=56.5±7.2 kg)were categorised as HIGH(10-11 matches,n=20)or LOW(6 matches,n=19)tournament load.Match load,jump height,perceived wellness and coach ratings of performance were monitored daily.Results HIGH tournament load resulted in greater reductions in jump height on match-day 4(-8.3%,±5.6%)when compared to LOW.HIGH tournament load resulted in greater reductions in perceived soreness(-0.9,±1.1 AU)and overall wellness(-2.6,±2.3 AU)on match-day 3,and a greater reduction in perceived sleep(-0.9,±1.1 AU)on match-day 4.HIGH tournament load was negatively associated with sleep quality and coach ratings of performance(effect size correlation=-0.34 to-0.47)when compared to LOW.Conclusion Our results indicate that a higher tournament load resulted in greater increases in neuromuscular fatigue,reduced perceived wellness,and lower ratings of performance.Practitioners should consider pre-tournament preparation and monitoring strategies to minimise the physiological disturbances during an intensified tournament.
