Dietary fiber(DF)was considered an antinutritional factor due to its adverse effects on feed intake and nutrient digestibility.However,with increasing evidence,scientists have found that DF has enormous impacts on the...Dietary fiber(DF)was considered an antinutritional factor due to its adverse effects on feed intake and nutrient digestibility.However,with increasing evidence,scientists have found that DF has enormous impacts on the gastrointestinal tract(GIT)development,digestive physiology,including nutrient digestion,fermentation,and absorption processes of poultry.It may help maintain the small and large intestine’s integrity by strengthening mucosal structure and functions and increasing the population and diversity of commensal bacteria in the GIT.Increasing DF content benefits digestive physiology by stimulating GIT development and enzyme production.And the inclusion of fiber at a moderate level in diets also alters poultry growth performance.It improves gut health by modulating beneficial microbiota in the large intestine and enhancing immune functions.However,determining the source,type,form,and level of DF inclusion is of utmost importance to achieve the above-noted benefits.This paper critically reviews the available information on dietary fibers used in poultry and their effects on nutrient utilization,GIT development,gut health,and poultry performance.Understanding these functions will help develop nutrition programs using proper DF at an appropriate inclusion level that will ultimately lead to enhanced DF utilization,overall health,and improved poultry growth performance.Thus,this review will help researchers and industry identify the sources,type,form,and amount of DF to be used in poultry nutrition for healthy,costeffective,and eco-friendly poultry production.展开更多
Royal jelly (R J)from honeybee has been widely used as a health promotion supplement.The major royal jelly proteins (MRJPs)have been identified as the functional component of RJ.However,the question of whether MRJPs h...Royal jelly (R J)from honeybee has been widely used as a health promotion supplement.The major royal jelly proteins (MRJPs)have been identified as the functional component of RJ.However,the question of whether MRJPs have anti-senescence activity for human cells remains.Human embryonic lung fibroblast (HFL-I)cells were cultured in media containing no MRJPs (A),MRJPs at 0.1mg/ml (B),0.2mg/ml (C),or 0.3mg/ml (D),or bovine serum albumin (BSA)at 0.2mg/ml (E).The mean population doubling levels of cells in media B,C,D,and E were increased by 12.4%,31.2%,24.0%,and 10.4%,respectively,compared with that in medium A.The cells in medium C also exhibited the highest relative proliferation activity,the lowest senescence,and the longest telomeres.Moreover, MRJPs up-regulated the expression of superoxide dismutase-1(SOD1)and down-regulated the expression of mammalian target of rapamycin (MTOR),catenin beta like-1(CTNNB1),and tumor protein p53(TP53).Raman spectra analysis showed that there were two unique bands related to DNA synthesis materials,amide carbonyl group vibrations and aromatic hydrogens.These results suggest that MRJPs possess anti-senescence activity for the HFL-I cell line,and provide new knowledge illustrating the molecular mechanism of MRJPs as anti-senescence factors.展开更多
Acute pancreatitis(AP)has varying severity,and moderately severe and severe AP has prolonged hospitalization and requires multiple interventions.These patients are at risk of malnutrition.There is no proven pharmacoth...Acute pancreatitis(AP)has varying severity,and moderately severe and severe AP has prolonged hospitalization and requires multiple interventions.These patients are at risk of malnutrition.There is no proven pharmacotherapy for AP,however,apart from fluid resuscitation,analgesics,and organ support,nutrition plays an important role in the management of AP.Oral or enteral nutrition(EN)is the preferred route of nutrition in AP,however,in a subset of patients,parenteral nutrition is required.EN has various physiological benefits and decreases the risk of infection,intervention,and mortality.There is no proven role of probiotics,glutamine supplementation,antioxidants,and pancreatic enzyme replacement therapy in patients with AP.展开更多
A workshop on National Plans of Action for Nutrition: Constraints, Key Elements for Success, and Future Plans was convened and organized by the WHO Regional Office for the Western Pacific in collaboration with the In...A workshop on National Plans of Action for Nutrition: Constraints, Key Elements for Success, and Future Plans was convened and organized by the WHO Regional Office for the Western Pacific in collaboration with the Institute for Medical Research Malaysia and co sponsored with FAO and UNICEF from 25—29 October 1999. It was attended by representatives of 25 countries in the region and resource persons, representatives from WHO and other international agencies. The objectives of the workshop were to review the progress of countries in developing, implementing and monitoring national plans of action for nutrition (NPANs) in the Western Pacific Region and to identify constraints and key elements of success in these efforts. Most of the countries have NPANs, either approved and implemented or awaiting official endorsement. The Plan formulation is usually multisectoral, involving several government ministries, non governmental organizations, and international agencies. Often official adoption or endorsement of the Plan comes from the head of state and cabinet or the minister of health, one to six years from the start of its formulation. The NPAN has stimulated support for the development and implementation of nutrition projects and activities, with comparatively greater involvement of and more support from government ministries, UN agencies and non-governmental agencies compared to local communities, bilateral and private sectors and research and academic institutions. Monitoring and evaluation are important components of NPANs. They are, however, not given high priority and often not built into the plan. The role of an intersectoral coordinating body is considered crucial to a country's nutrition program. Most countries have an intersectoral structure or coordinating body to ensure the proper implementation, monitoring and evaluation of their NPANs. The workshop identified the constraints and key elements of success in each of the four stages of the NPAN process: development, operationalization, implementation, and monitoring and evaluation. Constraints to the NPAN process relate to the political and socioeconomic environment, resource scarcity, control and management processes, and factors related to sustainability. The group's review of NPAN identified successful NPANs as those based on recent, adequate and good quality information on the nutritional situation of the country, and on the selection of strategies, priorities and interventions that are relevant to the country and backed up by adequate resources. Continued high level political commitment, a multisectoral approach, and adequate participation of local communities are other key elements for success. The participants agreed on future actions and support needed from various sources for the further development, implementation, monitoring and evaluation of their NPANs. The recommendations for future actions were categorized into actions pertaining to countries with working NPAN, actions for countries without working NPAN and actions relevant to all countries. There was also a set of suggested actions at the regional level, such as holding of regular regional NPAN evaluation meetings, inclusion of NPAN on the agenda of regional fora by the regional organizations, and strengthening of regional nutrition networks.展开更多
This exploratory study examines nutrition literacy in two parts: 1) the level of attention to health literacy among nutrition professionals, and 2) the nutrition professional’s perspective of skills/ knowledge needed...This exploratory study examines nutrition literacy in two parts: 1) the level of attention to health literacy among nutrition professionals, and 2) the nutrition professional’s perspective of skills/ knowledge needed to understand nutrition education. Part 1 included an online survey in which RD participants (n = 206), recruited from three dietetic practice groups, identified use of health literacy assessments during client education. Most participants (79%) did not use a validated health literacy assessment. There was a significant difference in response to having written materials for different health literacy levels depending on time spent providing nutrition education, with those sending less time in education responding they more often had more materials (Chi-square 8.6, p = 0.035) and depending on job description, public health more often than outpatient dietitian (p = 0.006). Part 2 utilized key informant interviews (n = 8), administered by telephone. Content analysis revealed a significant theme among answers that the skills required for understanding diet education is dependent on the type of diet instruction provided, with diabetes frequently noted as a disease requiring greater knowledge and skills. Nutrition educators need an instrument to assess client nutrition literacy. Potential instruments should assess skills related to portion size estimation, macronutrient knowledge, interpretation of food labels, and food grouping.展开更多
Pumpkin contains considerable amounts of bioactive compounds which hardly valorized in dairy products. This study aims to investigate the chemical, nutritional, rheological, and organoleptical properties of prepared s...Pumpkin contains considerable amounts of bioactive compounds which hardly valorized in dairy products. This study aims to investigate the chemical, nutritional, rheological, and organoleptical properties of prepared stirred pumpkin-yoghurt. Stirred yoghurt with three different pumpkin varieties pulp [American (AP), Domestic (DP), and Indian (IP) pumpkin] at 15% was prepared and stored at 5°C ± 1°C up to 14 d. The chemical properties of yoghurts include protein, fat, crude fiber, and available carbohydrates were significantly affected by adding pumpkin without remarkable change in caloric value. Addition of pumpkin pulps decreased the pH and increased the acidity of stirred pumpkin-yoghurt significantly (P -1 in all stirred yoghurts after 1 d. After that, it was increased without notable effect of adding pumpkin pulps, and with slight simulation in LAB, growth was noticed in DP and IP yoghurts. Total phenolic compounds (TPC), total flavonoid (TF), total flavonols (TFL), carotenoids contents, and antioxidant capacity of pumpkin-yoghurts were significantly increased. Fortifying yoghurt with pumpkin pulp was associated with a statistically significant effect on sensory parameters such as flavor, color, and overall acceptability. Scores of AP yoghurt showed the highest score which significantly differed from CY. It is obviously showed that panelists were favored the prepared stirred pumpkin-yoghurt. Thus, it is recommended that adding pumpkin pulps increases yoghurt health benefits and could be scaled up further.展开更多
Ice cream manufactured using a substantial amount of pumpkin pulp (PP) and carrot pulp (CP) has a high organoleptic acceptability. PP and CP were added to typical control ice cream (TC) up to 20%. Through adding PP an...Ice cream manufactured using a substantial amount of pumpkin pulp (PP) and carrot pulp (CP) has a high organoleptic acceptability. PP and CP were added to typical control ice cream (TC) up to 20%. Through adding PP and CP, natural flavor, unique color, and health-promoting constituents were presented. The resultant ice cream was subjected to chemical, rheological, nutritional, and organoleptic properties investigation. Results revealed that dry matter especially SNF in both PPand CP-ice creams were increased significantly. Accordingly, ash, fiber, and available carbohydrates contents were significantly increased whereas opposite result was recorded for crude protein as a result of PP and CP substitution. The ice cream containing high PP and CP contents had higher melting resistance and lower overrun %. Health beneficial phytochemicals such as carotenoids, flavonoids (TF), flavonols (TFL), and vit. C were commonly detected in PP and CP-ice creams, reflecting the attributes of PP and CP ingredients. PP and CP-ice cream had the valuable content of TPC, vit. C and antioxidant capacity. However, only ice cream made with 15% of PP and CP was highly accepted than others. Therefore, it is possible to use a substantial amount from PP and CP to produce ice cream up to 15% with retained much of natural color, unique vit. C, TPC, carotenoids, TF, TFL contents as well as valuable antioxidant capacity. Health beneficial compounds and organoleptic attributes of prepared ice cream formulas were encouragingly the commercial possibility of using PP and CP for scaling up further.展开更多
Growing evidence suggests the implication of the gut microbiota in various facets of health and disease. In this review, the focus is put on microbiota-host molecular cross-talk at the gut epithelial level with specia...Growing evidence suggests the implication of the gut microbiota in various facets of health and disease. In this review, the focus is put on microbiota-host molecular cross-talk at the gut epithelial level with special emphasis on two defense systems： intestinal alkaline phosphatase（IAP） and inducible heat shock proteins（iHSPs）. Both IAP and iHSPs are induced by various microbial structural components（e.g. lipopolysaccharide, flagellin, CpG DNA motifs）,metabolites（e.g. n-butyrate） or secreted signal molecules（e.g., toxins, various peptides, polyphosphate）. IAP is produced in the small intestine and secreted into the lumen and in the interior milieu. It detoxifies microbial components by dephosphorylation and, therefore, down-regulates microbe-induced inflammation mainly by inhibiting NF-κB pro-inflammatory pathway in enterocytes. IAP gene expression and enzyme activity are influenced by the gut microbiota. Conversely, IAP controls gut microbiota composition both directly, and indirectly though the detoxification of pro-inflammatory free luminal adenosine triphosphate and inflammation inhibition. Inducible HSPs are expressed by gut epithelial cells in proportion to the microbial load along the gastro-intestinal tract. They are also induced by various microbial components, metabolites and secreted molecules. Whether iHSPs contribute to shape the gut microbiota is presently unknown. Both systems display strong anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant properties that are protective to the gut and the host. Importantly, epithelial gene expressions and protein concentrations of IAP and iHSPs can be stimulated by probiotics, prebiotics and a large variety of dietary components, including macronutrients（protein and amino acids, especially L-glutamine, fat, fiber）, and specific minerals（e.g. calcium）and vitamins（e.g. vitamins K1 and K2）. Some food components（e.g. lectins, soybean proteins, various polyphenols） may inhibit or disturb these systems. The general cel ular and molecular mechanisms involved in the microbiota-host epithelial crosstalk and subsequent gut protection through IAP and iHSPs are reviewed along with their nutritional modulation.Special emphasis is also given to the pig, an economically important species and valuable biomedical model.展开更多
The study is aiming at preparation of low-calorie fruit nectars for diabetes and weight maintaining approaches as well as consumer satisfaction. Therefore, twenty low-calorie fruit-based formulated nectars were prepar...The study is aiming at preparation of low-calorie fruit nectars for diabetes and weight maintaining approaches as well as consumer satisfaction. Therefore, twenty low-calorie fruit-based formulated nectars were prepared mainly from orange, pomegranate, guava and mango pulps which sweetened with sucrose or sucrose— replaced at 25%, 50%, 75% and 100% using stevioside. Primitively, the yield of fresh fruits had been calculated. Consequently, nutritional, chemical and organoleptical characteristics of prepared fruit nectars have been determined. Results indicated that total solids content was in range of 5.57% - 13.20%, 9.90% - 14.37%, 8.25% - 13.27% and 8.25% - 16.50% for orange, pomegranate, guava and mango nectars, respectively. Dependently, caloric value resulted 21.57 to 51.08, 38.31 to 55.62, 31.93 to 51.37 and 31.93 to 63.86 kcal 100 g-1 fw for orange, pomegranate, guava and mango nectars, respectively. Total phenols content [TPC, mg GAE 100 g-1 dw] ranged from 665.12 to 747.41, 1180.42 to 1319.47, 742.54 to 848.27 and 418.01 to 472.42 for orange, pomegranate, guava and mango nectars, respectively. The antioxidant capacity by DPPH method [μmol TE g-1 dw] ranged from (20.79 to 26.51), (47.13 to 56.56), (60.68 to 69.25) and (8.39 to 13.32) for orange, pomegranate, guava and mango nectars, respectively. Total carotenoids [mg 100 g-1 dw] were the highest in mango nectars ranged from (102.99 to 110.52) in mango nectar with 100% sugar and mango nectar with 100% stevioside, respectively. Anthocyanins content recorded 6.14 mg 100 g-1 dw in pomegranate nectar with 100% sugar, while increased to be 9.01 mg 00 g-1 dw in pomegranate nectar with 100% stevioside. Ascorbic acid [mg 100 g fw] ranged from 23.41 to 27.53, 15.73 to 18.32, 25.72 to 30.87 and 18.07 to 20.98 for orange, pomegranate, guava and mango nectars, respectively. The results of organoleptical attributes showed no effect of sugar substituting by stevioside on color, odor and mouth feel. The most dramatic effect of sugar substituting had been observed on taste, bitter after taste and the overall acceptability of prepared nectars with high substitution levels. Practically, using stevioside to produce low-calorie nectars was shown to be satisfactory up to 50% - 75% substituting level, resulting low-calorie nectars and could be applied commercially.展开更多
Malnutrition remains a public health challenge in Nigeria, partly due to poor diversity of diets. Pre-school children are among the vulnerable groups who are mostly affected in communities, as their nutritional status...Malnutrition remains a public health challenge in Nigeria, partly due to poor diversity of diets. Pre-school children are among the vulnerable groups who are mostly affected in communities, as their nutritional status is largely influenced by the quality of diets they consume. Most studies aimed at malnutrition among under-five children have been focused on meeting protein-energy needs without much consideration for micronutrients needs. Dietary diversity has been advocated as a means of meeting nutritional requirements of children. This study was designed to assess the dietary diversity in relation to nutrient adequacy and nutritional status of pre-school children in Ibadan. The descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out among 552 pre-schoolers aged 3-5 years in Egbeda, Ona-Ara and Ido Three Local Government Areas (LGAs) of Ibadan metropolis. A structured questionnaire was used to obtain information on socio-demographic characteristics of mother and child. Nutritional status was determined using anthropometric indices. Food frequency questionnaire of 9 food groups was used to obtain dietary diversity scores (DDS) classified as low (< 4 food groups), average (4 to 6 food groups), and high (≥ 7 food groups);and 24-hour dietary recall was used to obtain nutrient adequacy of diet. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics, Pearson’s correlation coefficient, and level of significance set at p < 0.05. Malnutrition among pre-schoolers was more prevalent among males (22.0%) than females (18.4%). Stunting was the most prevalent form of malnutrition (26.8%). The DDS of pre-schoolers was low (3.2 ± 1.9). The most consumed food group was cereals, roots and tubers (83.9%) while fruit was least consumed (6.5%). Nutrient adequacy ratio for carbohydrate was highest (1.2 ± 0.2) and least in fibre (0.2 ± 0.2), while mean adequacy ratio for food consumed was (0.72 ± 0.13). There was weak relationship between DDS and nutritional status—wasting (r =-0.067), stunting (r =-0.002) and underweight (r =-0.056). Low dietary diversity and malnutrition existed among pre-school children in the three LGAs. Nutrition education and enlightenment programmes are required by the parents/guardians of pre-school children on importance of dietary diversity in these areas.展开更多
Patients with head and neck cancer face great challenges in maintaining optimal nutrition since both the disease itself and treatments,especially surgery and concurrent chemoradiotherapy,have a significant negative im...Patients with head and neck cancer face great challenges in maintaining optimal nutrition since both the disease itself and treatments,especially surgery and concurrent chemoradiotherapy,have a significant negative impact on the nutritional status.A fundamental understanding of the nutrient metabolism of patients with head and neck cancer will aid in treatment selection.In this review,metabolic abnormalities presented in patients with head and neck cancer are discussed,together with methods of nutritional support,dietary intervention,and potential roles of phytonutrients,probiotics,and exercise in nutritional therapy for head and neck cancer patients.展开更多
<span style="font-family:Verdana;">Melaleuca (tea tree) oil has become increasingly commonly used in recent decades. The essential oil in Australia for the past 120 years is now available globally as a...<span style="font-family:Verdana;">Melaleuca (tea tree) oil has become increasingly commonly used in recent decades. The essential oil in Australia for the past 120 years is now available globally as an active component in various products. Historically, Melaleuca oil is known for its antiseptic and anti-inflammatory actions. Currently, microwave technology is applied to extract Melaleuca oil, but this extraction technology is not commercially under practice. Traditionally, Melaleuca oil extraction is possible through steam distillation of the <span style="white-space:nowrap;">Melaleuca alternifolia<span style="white-space:nowrap;"> terminal branches and leaves, and the resultant extract is always either clear or pale yellowish. Melaleuca oil has been promoted as a therapeutic agent because scientific studies indicate that the Rideal-Walker (RW) coefficients of its extract composition include 8 for cymene, 16 for terpineol, 13.5 for tepinen-4-ol and 3.5 for cineole. The mode of action against bacteria is now partially elucidated, and assumptions exist. Hydrocarbons partition into biological membranes to disrupt the vital functions of Melaleuca oil, and also its components behave in the same manner. Therefore, the inhibition of respiration and the leakage of ions or loss of intracellular material and the inability to maintain homeostasis reflect the loss of membrane integrity and lysis in Melaleuca oil products containing lower than usual terpenes concentrations. Melaleuca oil possesses antifungal properties and is known exclusively for the treatment of <span style="white-space:nowrap;">Candida albicans<span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;white-space:normal;">. <span style="white-space:nowrap;">This essential oil<span style="font-family:Verdana;"> strongly changes the permeability of <span style="white-space:nowrap;">Candida albican<span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;white-space:normal;"> cells. <span style="white-space:nowrap;">C. albicans<span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;white-space:normal;"> treatment with 0.25% tea tree oil leads to propidium iodide uptake. However, a significant loss of 260-nmlight-absorbing materials after staining with methylene blue occurs after 6 hours. <span style="white-space:nowrap;">Melaleuca<span style="font-family:Verdana;"> extracts alter the permeability of <span style="white-space:nowrap;">Candida glabrata<span style="font-family:Verdana;"> that occurs when the membrane is treated with 0.25% Melaleuca oil. Melaleuca oils possess antiviral properties but most findings evidence that this oil fights against both non-enveloped and enveloped viruses, although the range of viruses tested to date is minimal. Melaleuca oil is known for its antiprotozoal activity because it causes a 50% reduction in the growth of protozoa <span style="white-space:nowrap;">Leishmania major<span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;white-space:normal;"> and <span style="white-space:nowrap;">Trypanosoma brucei<span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;white-space:normal;"> at concentrations of 403 mg/ml and 0.5 mg/ml, respectively, based on the studies done (in comparison to controls). An investigation has shown that terpinen-4-ol also contributes significantly to antiprotozoal activity. Tea tree oils at 300 mg/ml killed all cells of <span style="white-space:nowrap;">Trichomonas vaginalis<span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;white-space:normal;">, and also anecdotal <span style="white-space:nowrap;">in-vivo<span style="font-family:Verdana;"> studies evidence that Melaleuca oil may be effective in treating infections caused by <span style="white-space:nowrap;">Trichomonas vaginalis<span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;white-space:normal;">. This review article summarizes the developments in our understanding of the phytochemistry, bioactivity, metabolism and the economic aspects of Melaleuca alternifolia, and it details how Melaleuca alternifolia species have evolved in the ecosystem.展开更多
Nutrition interventions have traditionally been used to support patients with malnutrition secondary to cancer and cancer treatments and more recently have been utilized in the primary and secondary prevention of comm...Nutrition interventions have traditionally been used to support patients with malnutrition secondary to cancer and cancer treatments and more recently have been utilized in the primary and secondary prevention of common forms of cancer. A fundamental understanding of the nutrient metabolism of patients with cancer is essential for providing optimal nutrition to best support the patients while suppressing cancer growth and enhancing the body’s response to treatment. In this article, the metabolism abnormality of patients with cancer is reviewed together with nutritional assessment, dietary intervention, and nutritional therapy for cancer patients.展开更多
Many abnormalities can be observed in the nutrition of elderly people which, as a consequence, lead to occurrence or progression of many already existing diet-dependent diseases. The aim of this work was assessment of...Many abnormalities can be observed in the nutrition of elderly people which, as a consequence, lead to occurrence or progression of many already existing diet-dependent diseases. The aim of this work was assessment of nutrients consumption, important for prevention and treatment of diet-dependent diseases and potentially neuropsychological diseases, including Alzheimer disease. The intake of antioxidant vitamins, group B vitamins and polyunsaturated fatty acids in food ratios was assessed among 1001 people over 60 years of age, from Wroclaw and nearby areas, SW Poland. Selected parameters of lipid and carbohydrate metabolism were determined in the blood of surveyed people. A deficit intake of all nutrients was demonstrated in groups distinguished by MNA form. Moreover, it was demonstrated that statistically significant, the lowest amounts of vitamin A, E, C, B6, B12, folates, and many other polyunsaturated fatty acids were consumed by women at risk of malnutrition in comparison with women with an adequate nutritional status. Statistically significant lower biochemical parameters, such as TC, LDL TG and glucose were also demonstrated in the group of women at risk of malnutrition than in the group of women with an adequate nutritional status. Control and supervision of the elderly persons’ nutritional intake constitutes the basis of the assessment of risk of deficiency of particular nutritional components occurrence and negative health effects deriving from it. Poor nutrition of seniors along with longer life, from demographic point of view, induces to search for new efficient health-oriented strategies.展开更多
Severe acute malnutrition with medical complications is one of the most common causes of morbidity and mortality among children under the age of 5 years. Which can be management by given Therapeutic milk, it is availa...Severe acute malnutrition with medical complications is one of the most common causes of morbidity and mortality among children under the age of 5 years. Which can be management by given Therapeutic milk, it is available only at inpatient center at hospitals. When staff and mother managed adequately, the therapeutic milk has highly effective in treating severe malnutrition and prevent any complications </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">that </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">can be developing</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">.</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> So, this study aims to Assess of the Efficacy of Therapeutic milk in Prevention Complications of Severe acute malnutrition 6 - 59 months at therapeutic feeding center. Descriptive, Cross-Sectional, Hospital</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">-</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">based study design was used to conduct the study. The study was carried out at Organization of AL Thora public Hospital at Hodeida city in Yemen. Total coverage 200 children 6 - 59 months of age have Sever Acute Malnutrition with complication which was 14 medical complications and admitted at Therapeutics Feeding Center. Three research tools which used for data collection. The structured face to face Interview questionnaire, anthropometric measurements, and the Structure Observation Check list. The results showed that, the obvious reduction of complication when the Comparison at admission, 1st week and 2nd week are (40.9% to 18% to 7.6%). There is highly statistically significant relationship between the therapeutic feeding which </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">was </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">given, resolution the complication at 1st week and 2nd week at p < 0.05. Majority of the Sever acute malnutrition children are discharge</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">d</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> to Outpatient therapeutic to complete nutritional program. The study concluded that the therapeutic milk which provide</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">s</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> in Therapeutic Feeding Center only have highly effective in treating medical complication of sever acute malnutrition in children 6 - 59 months</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">.展开更多
Objectives: To define optimum food and nutrient profiling in gender-specific and age group-specific variant regression models. Setting: 481 subjects of both sexes (18.4 years old) from Giza urban were set. Design: Die...Objectives: To define optimum food and nutrient profiling in gender-specific and age group-specific variant regression models. Setting: 481 subjects of both sexes (18.4 years old) from Giza urban were set. Design: Dietary assessment used the 24-h dietary recall data to calculate the estimated energy and (24) nutrients eaten by each individual. Four indices—food variety diversity score, healthy eating index (HEI), mean probability of nutrients adequacy (MPA) and nutrient rich food (NRF9.3) index score were used for assessing the profiling of the diet. Results: A total of 163 individual food items were consumed by the participants within the 24-h dietary recall with an average daily intake of (6.6) different food varieties. Grains were the top contributors of energy and 10 macro and micro nutrients followed by the meat group. Based on the MPA data, the mean acceptable intake (AI) of dietary calcium (32.9%) and vitamin C (30%) were limiting in the diet. The diet profiling consumed by the teenagers aged 14.8 years was inferior compared to that consumed by subjects aging 23.9 years. Linear regression analyses were conducted between the 4 indices as the dependent variable and all possible combinations of 16 nutrients of interest as independent variables. NRF9.3 was the optimum nutrient index and correlated negatively with markers of abdominal obesity. Conclusion: Implementation of nutrition intervention program was directed to youths to include age appropriate good healthy foods to decrease the risk of nutrient deficiencies.展开更多
Background & Aims: The study investigated the relationship between objective and subjective nutritional status parameters and quality of life in HIV seropositive patients. Methods: Retrospective review of clinic r...Background & Aims: The study investigated the relationship between objective and subjective nutritional status parameters and quality of life in HIV seropositive patients. Methods: Retrospective review of clinic records of 150 HIV seropositive patients at a teaching hospital in Nigeria. Nutritional status was evaluated objectively with anthropometry including body mass index (BMI), subjectively with malnutrition universal screening tool (MUST) and subjective global assessment (SGA) tool. Data on quality of life (QOL) assessed with WHOQOL (Bref), and CD4 count were extracted. Correlation analysis and linear regression were done to investigate the relationship between variables, level of significance set at p < 0.05 respectively. The CD4 count correlated with percentage body fat (r = 0.224), MUST (r = -0.186) and SGA (r = -0.192), p < 0.05 respectively, but not with any of the QOL domains. Weight, MUST, SGA, percentage body fat were significant predictors of the percentage weight change in 6 months. Conclusions: BMI has significant positive association with psychological domain of QOL. MUST and SGA have significant negative association with certain domains. QOL did not predict short-term weight changes, as did the current weight, MUST, and SGA.展开更多
This study was aimed at comparing nutrient composition of some bird eggs in their raw and boiled forms. The different varieties were exotic chicken, local chicken, turkey, quail and guinea fowl eggs. The eggs were she...This study was aimed at comparing nutrient composition of some bird eggs in their raw and boiled forms. The different varieties were exotic chicken, local chicken, turkey, quail and guinea fowl eggs. The eggs were shelled and their contents (boiled and raw) lyophilized. Standard AOAC methods were used for determination of proximate, mineral and vitamin compositions. Results showed the boiled eggs having higher nutrient concentrations than the raw eggs across all species. Guinea fowl egg had significantly higher (p < 0.05) content of protein, fat and most micronutrients. The eggs were rich in microelements, with guinea fowl egg having the best sodium-potassium ratio (0.66). Turkey eggs had significantly (p < 0.05) higher iron content in the raw and boiled samples (7.2 ± 0.09 mg/100g and 9.6 mg/100g, respectively). This study showed some “less-popular”/underutilized eggs having certain nutrients in significantly greater quantities;hence exploiting these may greatly improve diet quality and nutritional status of consumers.展开更多
The use of herbal products is increasing in trend globally, with over 75% of the world population using them. In Nigeria, these drinks are popular in many neighbourhoods and sold by vendors in motor parks where commer...The use of herbal products is increasing in trend globally, with over 75% of the world population using them. In Nigeria, these drinks are popular in many neighbourhoods and sold by vendors in motor parks where commercial drivers have access to them. Though they may have some beneficial effects, they are not completely harmless. This study was carried out to assess the association of Paraga (herbal mixture) consumption and dietary lifestyle on the nutritional status of commercial motor drivers in Ibadan municipality. This descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out among four hundred and twenty-two (422) commercial drivers randomly selected from the five local government areas that make up Ibadan municipality. A structured questionnaire was used to collect data from the respondents. Descriptive statistics and Chi square test were carried out on the data obtained at 5% level of significance. There was a high prevalence of Paraga consumption among the respondents. There was inadequate nutrient intake among the respondents for most nutrients considered. The nutritional status measurement of the respondents revealed that 4.5% were underweight, 59.6% had normal weight, 26.8% were overweight, while 9.1% were obese. There was no significant association between Paraga consumption and nutritional status of respondents (p > 0.05). However, a significant association was observed between dietary lifestyle pattern and nutritional status of respondents (p < 0.05). It is therefore important that commercial drivers be given regular and constant nutrition education during their meetings to help improve their dietary lifestyle. Also, the concerned government agencies/officials should assist in reducing Paraga consumption by helping to reduce alcohol availability at motor parks, and by educational measures to reduce its demand and consumption.展开更多
Masa is a cereal based snack made from rice, maize or millet. It is popularly consumed in the northern regions of Nigeria. The objective of this work was to assess the nutritional and sensory properties of the rice-Ma...Masa is a cereal based snack made from rice, maize or millet. It is popularly consumed in the northern regions of Nigeria. The objective of this work was to assess the nutritional and sensory properties of the rice-Masa, enriched with soybean and crayfish. The enriched rice-Masa produced were labelled sample A (100% rice), sample B (rice: soybean blend (80:20), sample C (rice: crayfish blend (80:20) and sample D (rice: soybean: crayfish (80:10:10). The proximate and mineral composition was evaluated according to standard methods. Anti-nutrient content was also determined. Sensory evaluation was carried out to assess the acceptability of the enriched rice-Masa. The chemical analysis showed that protein, fibre, iron, zinc and vitamin A and beta carotene contents were highest in sample D with values 8.35 (±0.08) g/100g, 1.08 (±0.02) g/100g, 2.82 (±0.03) mg/100g, 4.20 (±0.03) mg/100g, 602.3 (±1.28) μg/100g and 420.2 (±0.98) μg/100g respectively, while calcium was highest in sample C with a value of 27.34 (±0.06) mg/100g. Moisture and ash contents increased from 47.4 (±0.50) g/100g to 50.9 (±0.80) g/100g and 0.40 (±0.01) g/100g to 1.15 (±0.01) g/100g respectively, while carbohydrate and energy contents decreased from 28.1 (±0.03) g/100g to 21.9 (±0.04) g/100g and 308.42 kcal/100g to 285.64 kcal/100g respectively. The sensory evaluation showed that with regards to taste, aroma, texture and overall acceptability, the sample enriched with soybean was more preferred to that enriched with crayfish, or a combination of both. Enrichment of Masa could contribute to improvement of nutritional status if promoted as a nutritious, healthy indigenous snack not only where Masa is already widely consumed, but also in other parts of Nigeria where it has not found wide acceptance.展开更多
基金supported by the USDA National Institute for Food and Agriculture,Hatch-Multistate Fund,managed by the College of Tropical Agriculture and Human Resources,University of Hawaii at Manoa,Honolulu,HI,USA.
文摘Dietary fiber(DF)was considered an antinutritional factor due to its adverse effects on feed intake and nutrient digestibility.However,with increasing evidence,scientists have found that DF has enormous impacts on the gastrointestinal tract(GIT)development,digestive physiology,including nutrient digestion,fermentation,and absorption processes of poultry.It may help maintain the small and large intestine’s integrity by strengthening mucosal structure and functions and increasing the population and diversity of commensal bacteria in the GIT.Increasing DF content benefits digestive physiology by stimulating GIT development and enzyme production.And the inclusion of fiber at a moderate level in diets also alters poultry growth performance.It improves gut health by modulating beneficial microbiota in the large intestine and enhancing immune functions.However,determining the source,type,form,and level of DF inclusion is of utmost importance to achieve the above-noted benefits.This paper critically reviews the available information on dietary fibers used in poultry and their effects on nutrient utilization,GIT development,gut health,and poultry performance.Understanding these functions will help develop nutrition programs using proper DF at an appropriate inclusion level that will ultimately lead to enhanced DF utilization,overall health,and improved poultry growth performance.Thus,this review will help researchers and industry identify the sources,type,form,and amount of DF to be used in poultry nutrition for healthy,costeffective,and eco-friendly poultry production.
基金Project supported by the Science and Technology Project of Zhejiang Province(No.2017C32033)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.3127848)
文摘Royal jelly (R J)from honeybee has been widely used as a health promotion supplement.The major royal jelly proteins (MRJPs)have been identified as the functional component of RJ.However,the question of whether MRJPs have anti-senescence activity for human cells remains.Human embryonic lung fibroblast (HFL-I)cells were cultured in media containing no MRJPs (A),MRJPs at 0.1mg/ml (B),0.2mg/ml (C),or 0.3mg/ml (D),or bovine serum albumin (BSA)at 0.2mg/ml (E).The mean population doubling levels of cells in media B,C,D,and E were increased by 12.4%,31.2%,24.0%,and 10.4%,respectively,compared with that in medium A.The cells in medium C also exhibited the highest relative proliferation activity,the lowest senescence,and the longest telomeres.Moreover, MRJPs up-regulated the expression of superoxide dismutase-1(SOD1)and down-regulated the expression of mammalian target of rapamycin (MTOR),catenin beta like-1(CTNNB1),and tumor protein p53(TP53).Raman spectra analysis showed that there were two unique bands related to DNA synthesis materials,amide carbonyl group vibrations and aromatic hydrogens.These results suggest that MRJPs possess anti-senescence activity for the HFL-I cell line,and provide new knowledge illustrating the molecular mechanism of MRJPs as anti-senescence factors.
文摘Acute pancreatitis(AP)has varying severity,and moderately severe and severe AP has prolonged hospitalization and requires multiple interventions.These patients are at risk of malnutrition.There is no proven pharmacotherapy for AP,however,apart from fluid resuscitation,analgesics,and organ support,nutrition plays an important role in the management of AP.Oral or enteral nutrition(EN)is the preferred route of nutrition in AP,however,in a subset of patients,parenteral nutrition is required.EN has various physiological benefits and decreases the risk of infection,intervention,and mortality.There is no proven role of probiotics,glutamine supplementation,antioxidants,and pancreatic enzyme replacement therapy in patients with AP.
文摘A workshop on National Plans of Action for Nutrition: Constraints, Key Elements for Success, and Future Plans was convened and organized by the WHO Regional Office for the Western Pacific in collaboration with the Institute for Medical Research Malaysia and co sponsored with FAO and UNICEF from 25—29 October 1999. It was attended by representatives of 25 countries in the region and resource persons, representatives from WHO and other international agencies. The objectives of the workshop were to review the progress of countries in developing, implementing and monitoring national plans of action for nutrition (NPANs) in the Western Pacific Region and to identify constraints and key elements of success in these efforts. Most of the countries have NPANs, either approved and implemented or awaiting official endorsement. The Plan formulation is usually multisectoral, involving several government ministries, non governmental organizations, and international agencies. Often official adoption or endorsement of the Plan comes from the head of state and cabinet or the minister of health, one to six years from the start of its formulation. The NPAN has stimulated support for the development and implementation of nutrition projects and activities, with comparatively greater involvement of and more support from government ministries, UN agencies and non-governmental agencies compared to local communities, bilateral and private sectors and research and academic institutions. Monitoring and evaluation are important components of NPANs. They are, however, not given high priority and often not built into the plan. The role of an intersectoral coordinating body is considered crucial to a country's nutrition program. Most countries have an intersectoral structure or coordinating body to ensure the proper implementation, monitoring and evaluation of their NPANs. The workshop identified the constraints and key elements of success in each of the four stages of the NPAN process: development, operationalization, implementation, and monitoring and evaluation. Constraints to the NPAN process relate to the political and socioeconomic environment, resource scarcity, control and management processes, and factors related to sustainability. The group's review of NPAN identified successful NPANs as those based on recent, adequate and good quality information on the nutritional situation of the country, and on the selection of strategies, priorities and interventions that are relevant to the country and backed up by adequate resources. Continued high level political commitment, a multisectoral approach, and adequate participation of local communities are other key elements for success. The participants agreed on future actions and support needed from various sources for the further development, implementation, monitoring and evaluation of their NPANs. The recommendations for future actions were categorized into actions pertaining to countries with working NPAN, actions for countries without working NPAN and actions relevant to all countries. There was also a set of suggested actions at the regional level, such as holding of regular regional NPAN evaluation meetings, inclusion of NPAN on the agenda of regional fora by the regional organizations, and strengthening of regional nutrition networks.
文摘This exploratory study examines nutrition literacy in two parts: 1) the level of attention to health literacy among nutrition professionals, and 2) the nutrition professional’s perspective of skills/ knowledge needed to understand nutrition education. Part 1 included an online survey in which RD participants (n = 206), recruited from three dietetic practice groups, identified use of health literacy assessments during client education. Most participants (79%) did not use a validated health literacy assessment. There was a significant difference in response to having written materials for different health literacy levels depending on time spent providing nutrition education, with those sending less time in education responding they more often had more materials (Chi-square 8.6, p = 0.035) and depending on job description, public health more often than outpatient dietitian (p = 0.006). Part 2 utilized key informant interviews (n = 8), administered by telephone. Content analysis revealed a significant theme among answers that the skills required for understanding diet education is dependent on the type of diet instruction provided, with diabetes frequently noted as a disease requiring greater knowledge and skills. Nutrition educators need an instrument to assess client nutrition literacy. Potential instruments should assess skills related to portion size estimation, macronutrient knowledge, interpretation of food labels, and food grouping.
文摘Pumpkin contains considerable amounts of bioactive compounds which hardly valorized in dairy products. This study aims to investigate the chemical, nutritional, rheological, and organoleptical properties of prepared stirred pumpkin-yoghurt. Stirred yoghurt with three different pumpkin varieties pulp [American (AP), Domestic (DP), and Indian (IP) pumpkin] at 15% was prepared and stored at 5°C ± 1°C up to 14 d. The chemical properties of yoghurts include protein, fat, crude fiber, and available carbohydrates were significantly affected by adding pumpkin without remarkable change in caloric value. Addition of pumpkin pulps decreased the pH and increased the acidity of stirred pumpkin-yoghurt significantly (P -1 in all stirred yoghurts after 1 d. After that, it was increased without notable effect of adding pumpkin pulps, and with slight simulation in LAB, growth was noticed in DP and IP yoghurts. Total phenolic compounds (TPC), total flavonoid (TF), total flavonols (TFL), carotenoids contents, and antioxidant capacity of pumpkin-yoghurts were significantly increased. Fortifying yoghurt with pumpkin pulp was associated with a statistically significant effect on sensory parameters such as flavor, color, and overall acceptability. Scores of AP yoghurt showed the highest score which significantly differed from CY. It is obviously showed that panelists were favored the prepared stirred pumpkin-yoghurt. Thus, it is recommended that adding pumpkin pulps increases yoghurt health benefits and could be scaled up further.
文摘Ice cream manufactured using a substantial amount of pumpkin pulp (PP) and carrot pulp (CP) has a high organoleptic acceptability. PP and CP were added to typical control ice cream (TC) up to 20%. Through adding PP and CP, natural flavor, unique color, and health-promoting constituents were presented. The resultant ice cream was subjected to chemical, rheological, nutritional, and organoleptic properties investigation. Results revealed that dry matter especially SNF in both PPand CP-ice creams were increased significantly. Accordingly, ash, fiber, and available carbohydrates contents were significantly increased whereas opposite result was recorded for crude protein as a result of PP and CP substitution. The ice cream containing high PP and CP contents had higher melting resistance and lower overrun %. Health beneficial phytochemicals such as carotenoids, flavonoids (TF), flavonols (TFL), and vit. C were commonly detected in PP and CP-ice creams, reflecting the attributes of PP and CP ingredients. PP and CP-ice cream had the valuable content of TPC, vit. C and antioxidant capacity. However, only ice cream made with 15% of PP and CP was highly accepted than others. Therefore, it is possible to use a substantial amount from PP and CP to produce ice cream up to 15% with retained much of natural color, unique vit. C, TPC, carotenoids, TF, TFL contents as well as valuable antioxidant capacity. Health beneficial compounds and organoleptic attributes of prepared ice cream formulas were encouragingly the commercial possibility of using PP and CP for scaling up further.
文摘Growing evidence suggests the implication of the gut microbiota in various facets of health and disease. In this review, the focus is put on microbiota-host molecular cross-talk at the gut epithelial level with special emphasis on two defense systems： intestinal alkaline phosphatase（IAP） and inducible heat shock proteins（iHSPs）. Both IAP and iHSPs are induced by various microbial structural components（e.g. lipopolysaccharide, flagellin, CpG DNA motifs）,metabolites（e.g. n-butyrate） or secreted signal molecules（e.g., toxins, various peptides, polyphosphate）. IAP is produced in the small intestine and secreted into the lumen and in the interior milieu. It detoxifies microbial components by dephosphorylation and, therefore, down-regulates microbe-induced inflammation mainly by inhibiting NF-κB pro-inflammatory pathway in enterocytes. IAP gene expression and enzyme activity are influenced by the gut microbiota. Conversely, IAP controls gut microbiota composition both directly, and indirectly though the detoxification of pro-inflammatory free luminal adenosine triphosphate and inflammation inhibition. Inducible HSPs are expressed by gut epithelial cells in proportion to the microbial load along the gastro-intestinal tract. They are also induced by various microbial components, metabolites and secreted molecules. Whether iHSPs contribute to shape the gut microbiota is presently unknown. Both systems display strong anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant properties that are protective to the gut and the host. Importantly, epithelial gene expressions and protein concentrations of IAP and iHSPs can be stimulated by probiotics, prebiotics and a large variety of dietary components, including macronutrients（protein and amino acids, especially L-glutamine, fat, fiber）, and specific minerals（e.g. calcium）and vitamins（e.g. vitamins K1 and K2）. Some food components（e.g. lectins, soybean proteins, various polyphenols） may inhibit or disturb these systems. The general cel ular and molecular mechanisms involved in the microbiota-host epithelial crosstalk and subsequent gut protection through IAP and iHSPs are reviewed along with their nutritional modulation.Special emphasis is also given to the pig, an economically important species and valuable biomedical model.
文摘The study is aiming at preparation of low-calorie fruit nectars for diabetes and weight maintaining approaches as well as consumer satisfaction. Therefore, twenty low-calorie fruit-based formulated nectars were prepared mainly from orange, pomegranate, guava and mango pulps which sweetened with sucrose or sucrose— replaced at 25%, 50%, 75% and 100% using stevioside. Primitively, the yield of fresh fruits had been calculated. Consequently, nutritional, chemical and organoleptical characteristics of prepared fruit nectars have been determined. Results indicated that total solids content was in range of 5.57% - 13.20%, 9.90% - 14.37%, 8.25% - 13.27% and 8.25% - 16.50% for orange, pomegranate, guava and mango nectars, respectively. Dependently, caloric value resulted 21.57 to 51.08, 38.31 to 55.62, 31.93 to 51.37 and 31.93 to 63.86 kcal 100 g-1 fw for orange, pomegranate, guava and mango nectars, respectively. Total phenols content [TPC, mg GAE 100 g-1 dw] ranged from 665.12 to 747.41, 1180.42 to 1319.47, 742.54 to 848.27 and 418.01 to 472.42 for orange, pomegranate, guava and mango nectars, respectively. The antioxidant capacity by DPPH method [μmol TE g-1 dw] ranged from (20.79 to 26.51), (47.13 to 56.56), (60.68 to 69.25) and (8.39 to 13.32) for orange, pomegranate, guava and mango nectars, respectively. Total carotenoids [mg 100 g-1 dw] were the highest in mango nectars ranged from (102.99 to 110.52) in mango nectar with 100% sugar and mango nectar with 100% stevioside, respectively. Anthocyanins content recorded 6.14 mg 100 g-1 dw in pomegranate nectar with 100% sugar, while increased to be 9.01 mg 00 g-1 dw in pomegranate nectar with 100% stevioside. Ascorbic acid [mg 100 g fw] ranged from 23.41 to 27.53, 15.73 to 18.32, 25.72 to 30.87 and 18.07 to 20.98 for orange, pomegranate, guava and mango nectars, respectively. The results of organoleptical attributes showed no effect of sugar substituting by stevioside on color, odor and mouth feel. The most dramatic effect of sugar substituting had been observed on taste, bitter after taste and the overall acceptability of prepared nectars with high substitution levels. Practically, using stevioside to produce low-calorie nectars was shown to be satisfactory up to 50% - 75% substituting level, resulting low-calorie nectars and could be applied commercially.
文摘Malnutrition remains a public health challenge in Nigeria, partly due to poor diversity of diets. Pre-school children are among the vulnerable groups who are mostly affected in communities, as their nutritional status is largely influenced by the quality of diets they consume. Most studies aimed at malnutrition among under-five children have been focused on meeting protein-energy needs without much consideration for micronutrients needs. Dietary diversity has been advocated as a means of meeting nutritional requirements of children. This study was designed to assess the dietary diversity in relation to nutrient adequacy and nutritional status of pre-school children in Ibadan. The descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out among 552 pre-schoolers aged 3-5 years in Egbeda, Ona-Ara and Ido Three Local Government Areas (LGAs) of Ibadan metropolis. A structured questionnaire was used to obtain information on socio-demographic characteristics of mother and child. Nutritional status was determined using anthropometric indices. Food frequency questionnaire of 9 food groups was used to obtain dietary diversity scores (DDS) classified as low (< 4 food groups), average (4 to 6 food groups), and high (≥ 7 food groups);and 24-hour dietary recall was used to obtain nutrient adequacy of diet. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics, Pearson’s correlation coefficient, and level of significance set at p < 0.05. Malnutrition among pre-schoolers was more prevalent among males (22.0%) than females (18.4%). Stunting was the most prevalent form of malnutrition (26.8%). The DDS of pre-schoolers was low (3.2 ± 1.9). The most consumed food group was cereals, roots and tubers (83.9%) while fruit was least consumed (6.5%). Nutrient adequacy ratio for carbohydrate was highest (1.2 ± 0.2) and least in fibre (0.2 ± 0.2), while mean adequacy ratio for food consumed was (0.72 ± 0.13). There was weak relationship between DDS and nutritional status—wasting (r =-0.067), stunting (r =-0.002) and underweight (r =-0.056). Low dietary diversity and malnutrition existed among pre-school children in the three LGAs. Nutrition education and enlightenment programmes are required by the parents/guardians of pre-school children on importance of dietary diversity in these areas.
文摘Patients with head and neck cancer face great challenges in maintaining optimal nutrition since both the disease itself and treatments,especially surgery and concurrent chemoradiotherapy,have a significant negative impact on the nutritional status.A fundamental understanding of the nutrient metabolism of patients with head and neck cancer will aid in treatment selection.In this review,metabolic abnormalities presented in patients with head and neck cancer are discussed,together with methods of nutritional support,dietary intervention,and potential roles of phytonutrients,probiotics,and exercise in nutritional therapy for head and neck cancer patients.
文摘<span style="font-family:Verdana;">Melaleuca (tea tree) oil has become increasingly commonly used in recent decades. The essential oil in Australia for the past 120 years is now available globally as an active component in various products. Historically, Melaleuca oil is known for its antiseptic and anti-inflammatory actions. Currently, microwave technology is applied to extract Melaleuca oil, but this extraction technology is not commercially under practice. Traditionally, Melaleuca oil extraction is possible through steam distillation of the <span style="white-space:nowrap;">Melaleuca alternifolia<span style="white-space:nowrap;"> terminal branches and leaves, and the resultant extract is always either clear or pale yellowish. Melaleuca oil has been promoted as a therapeutic agent because scientific studies indicate that the Rideal-Walker (RW) coefficients of its extract composition include 8 for cymene, 16 for terpineol, 13.5 for tepinen-4-ol and 3.5 for cineole. The mode of action against bacteria is now partially elucidated, and assumptions exist. Hydrocarbons partition into biological membranes to disrupt the vital functions of Melaleuca oil, and also its components behave in the same manner. Therefore, the inhibition of respiration and the leakage of ions or loss of intracellular material and the inability to maintain homeostasis reflect the loss of membrane integrity and lysis in Melaleuca oil products containing lower than usual terpenes concentrations. Melaleuca oil possesses antifungal properties and is known exclusively for the treatment of <span style="white-space:nowrap;">Candida albicans<span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;white-space:normal;">. <span style="white-space:nowrap;">This essential oil<span style="font-family:Verdana;"> strongly changes the permeability of <span style="white-space:nowrap;">Candida albican<span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;white-space:normal;"> cells. <span style="white-space:nowrap;">C. albicans<span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;white-space:normal;"> treatment with 0.25% tea tree oil leads to propidium iodide uptake. However, a significant loss of 260-nmlight-absorbing materials after staining with methylene blue occurs after 6 hours. <span style="white-space:nowrap;">Melaleuca<span style="font-family:Verdana;"> extracts alter the permeability of <span style="white-space:nowrap;">Candida glabrata<span style="font-family:Verdana;"> that occurs when the membrane is treated with 0.25% Melaleuca oil. Melaleuca oils possess antiviral properties but most findings evidence that this oil fights against both non-enveloped and enveloped viruses, although the range of viruses tested to date is minimal. Melaleuca oil is known for its antiprotozoal activity because it causes a 50% reduction in the growth of protozoa <span style="white-space:nowrap;">Leishmania major<span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;white-space:normal;"> and <span style="white-space:nowrap;">Trypanosoma brucei<span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;white-space:normal;"> at concentrations of 403 mg/ml and 0.5 mg/ml, respectively, based on the studies done (in comparison to controls). An investigation has shown that terpinen-4-ol also contributes significantly to antiprotozoal activity. Tea tree oils at 300 mg/ml killed all cells of <span style="white-space:nowrap;">Trichomonas vaginalis<span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;white-space:normal;">, and also anecdotal <span style="white-space:nowrap;">in-vivo<span style="font-family:Verdana;"> studies evidence that Melaleuca oil may be effective in treating infections caused by <span style="white-space:nowrap;">Trichomonas vaginalis<span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;white-space:normal;">. This review article summarizes the developments in our understanding of the phytochemistry, bioactivity, metabolism and the economic aspects of Melaleuca alternifolia, and it details how Melaleuca alternifolia species have evolved in the ecosystem.
文摘Nutrition interventions have traditionally been used to support patients with malnutrition secondary to cancer and cancer treatments and more recently have been utilized in the primary and secondary prevention of common forms of cancer. A fundamental understanding of the nutrient metabolism of patients with cancer is essential for providing optimal nutrition to best support the patients while suppressing cancer growth and enhancing the body’s response to treatment. In this article, the metabolism abnormality of patients with cancer is reviewed together with nutritional assessment, dietary intervention, and nutritional therapy for cancer patients.
文摘Many abnormalities can be observed in the nutrition of elderly people which, as a consequence, lead to occurrence or progression of many already existing diet-dependent diseases. The aim of this work was assessment of nutrients consumption, important for prevention and treatment of diet-dependent diseases and potentially neuropsychological diseases, including Alzheimer disease. The intake of antioxidant vitamins, group B vitamins and polyunsaturated fatty acids in food ratios was assessed among 1001 people over 60 years of age, from Wroclaw and nearby areas, SW Poland. Selected parameters of lipid and carbohydrate metabolism were determined in the blood of surveyed people. A deficit intake of all nutrients was demonstrated in groups distinguished by MNA form. Moreover, it was demonstrated that statistically significant, the lowest amounts of vitamin A, E, C, B6, B12, folates, and many other polyunsaturated fatty acids were consumed by women at risk of malnutrition in comparison with women with an adequate nutritional status. Statistically significant lower biochemical parameters, such as TC, LDL TG and glucose were also demonstrated in the group of women at risk of malnutrition than in the group of women with an adequate nutritional status. Control and supervision of the elderly persons’ nutritional intake constitutes the basis of the assessment of risk of deficiency of particular nutritional components occurrence and negative health effects deriving from it. Poor nutrition of seniors along with longer life, from demographic point of view, induces to search for new efficient health-oriented strategies.
文摘Severe acute malnutrition with medical complications is one of the most common causes of morbidity and mortality among children under the age of 5 years. Which can be management by given Therapeutic milk, it is available only at inpatient center at hospitals. When staff and mother managed adequately, the therapeutic milk has highly effective in treating severe malnutrition and prevent any complications </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">that </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">can be developing</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">.</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> So, this study aims to Assess of the Efficacy of Therapeutic milk in Prevention Complications of Severe acute malnutrition 6 - 59 months at therapeutic feeding center. Descriptive, Cross-Sectional, Hospital</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">-</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">based study design was used to conduct the study. The study was carried out at Organization of AL Thora public Hospital at Hodeida city in Yemen. Total coverage 200 children 6 - 59 months of age have Sever Acute Malnutrition with complication which was 14 medical complications and admitted at Therapeutics Feeding Center. Three research tools which used for data collection. The structured face to face Interview questionnaire, anthropometric measurements, and the Structure Observation Check list. The results showed that, the obvious reduction of complication when the Comparison at admission, 1st week and 2nd week are (40.9% to 18% to 7.6%). There is highly statistically significant relationship between the therapeutic feeding which </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">was </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">given, resolution the complication at 1st week and 2nd week at p < 0.05. Majority of the Sever acute malnutrition children are discharge</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">d</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> to Outpatient therapeutic to complete nutritional program. The study concluded that the therapeutic milk which provide</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">s</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> in Therapeutic Feeding Center only have highly effective in treating medical complication of sever acute malnutrition in children 6 - 59 months</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">.
文摘Objectives: To define optimum food and nutrient profiling in gender-specific and age group-specific variant regression models. Setting: 481 subjects of both sexes (18.4 years old) from Giza urban were set. Design: Dietary assessment used the 24-h dietary recall data to calculate the estimated energy and (24) nutrients eaten by each individual. Four indices—food variety diversity score, healthy eating index (HEI), mean probability of nutrients adequacy (MPA) and nutrient rich food (NRF9.3) index score were used for assessing the profiling of the diet. Results: A total of 163 individual food items were consumed by the participants within the 24-h dietary recall with an average daily intake of (6.6) different food varieties. Grains were the top contributors of energy and 10 macro and micro nutrients followed by the meat group. Based on the MPA data, the mean acceptable intake (AI) of dietary calcium (32.9%) and vitamin C (30%) were limiting in the diet. The diet profiling consumed by the teenagers aged 14.8 years was inferior compared to that consumed by subjects aging 23.9 years. Linear regression analyses were conducted between the 4 indices as the dependent variable and all possible combinations of 16 nutrients of interest as independent variables. NRF9.3 was the optimum nutrient index and correlated negatively with markers of abdominal obesity. Conclusion: Implementation of nutrition intervention program was directed to youths to include age appropriate good healthy foods to decrease the risk of nutrient deficiencies.
文摘Background & Aims: The study investigated the relationship between objective and subjective nutritional status parameters and quality of life in HIV seropositive patients. Methods: Retrospective review of clinic records of 150 HIV seropositive patients at a teaching hospital in Nigeria. Nutritional status was evaluated objectively with anthropometry including body mass index (BMI), subjectively with malnutrition universal screening tool (MUST) and subjective global assessment (SGA) tool. Data on quality of life (QOL) assessed with WHOQOL (Bref), and CD4 count were extracted. Correlation analysis and linear regression were done to investigate the relationship between variables, level of significance set at p < 0.05 respectively. The CD4 count correlated with percentage body fat (r = 0.224), MUST (r = -0.186) and SGA (r = -0.192), p < 0.05 respectively, but not with any of the QOL domains. Weight, MUST, SGA, percentage body fat were significant predictors of the percentage weight change in 6 months. Conclusions: BMI has significant positive association with psychological domain of QOL. MUST and SGA have significant negative association with certain domains. QOL did not predict short-term weight changes, as did the current weight, MUST, and SGA.
文摘This study was aimed at comparing nutrient composition of some bird eggs in their raw and boiled forms. The different varieties were exotic chicken, local chicken, turkey, quail and guinea fowl eggs. The eggs were shelled and their contents (boiled and raw) lyophilized. Standard AOAC methods were used for determination of proximate, mineral and vitamin compositions. Results showed the boiled eggs having higher nutrient concentrations than the raw eggs across all species. Guinea fowl egg had significantly higher (p < 0.05) content of protein, fat and most micronutrients. The eggs were rich in microelements, with guinea fowl egg having the best sodium-potassium ratio (0.66). Turkey eggs had significantly (p < 0.05) higher iron content in the raw and boiled samples (7.2 ± 0.09 mg/100g and 9.6 mg/100g, respectively). This study showed some “less-popular”/underutilized eggs having certain nutrients in significantly greater quantities;hence exploiting these may greatly improve diet quality and nutritional status of consumers.
文摘The use of herbal products is increasing in trend globally, with over 75% of the world population using them. In Nigeria, these drinks are popular in many neighbourhoods and sold by vendors in motor parks where commercial drivers have access to them. Though they may have some beneficial effects, they are not completely harmless. This study was carried out to assess the association of Paraga (herbal mixture) consumption and dietary lifestyle on the nutritional status of commercial motor drivers in Ibadan municipality. This descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out among four hundred and twenty-two (422) commercial drivers randomly selected from the five local government areas that make up Ibadan municipality. A structured questionnaire was used to collect data from the respondents. Descriptive statistics and Chi square test were carried out on the data obtained at 5% level of significance. There was a high prevalence of Paraga consumption among the respondents. There was inadequate nutrient intake among the respondents for most nutrients considered. The nutritional status measurement of the respondents revealed that 4.5% were underweight, 59.6% had normal weight, 26.8% were overweight, while 9.1% were obese. There was no significant association between Paraga consumption and nutritional status of respondents (p > 0.05). However, a significant association was observed between dietary lifestyle pattern and nutritional status of respondents (p < 0.05). It is therefore important that commercial drivers be given regular and constant nutrition education during their meetings to help improve their dietary lifestyle. Also, the concerned government agencies/officials should assist in reducing Paraga consumption by helping to reduce alcohol availability at motor parks, and by educational measures to reduce its demand and consumption.
文摘Masa is a cereal based snack made from rice, maize or millet. It is popularly consumed in the northern regions of Nigeria. The objective of this work was to assess the nutritional and sensory properties of the rice-Masa, enriched with soybean and crayfish. The enriched rice-Masa produced were labelled sample A (100% rice), sample B (rice: soybean blend (80:20), sample C (rice: crayfish blend (80:20) and sample D (rice: soybean: crayfish (80:10:10). The proximate and mineral composition was evaluated according to standard methods. Anti-nutrient content was also determined. Sensory evaluation was carried out to assess the acceptability of the enriched rice-Masa. The chemical analysis showed that protein, fibre, iron, zinc and vitamin A and beta carotene contents were highest in sample D with values 8.35 (±0.08) g/100g, 1.08 (±0.02) g/100g, 2.82 (±0.03) mg/100g, 4.20 (±0.03) mg/100g, 602.3 (±1.28) μg/100g and 420.2 (±0.98) μg/100g respectively, while calcium was highest in sample C with a value of 27.34 (±0.06) mg/100g. Moisture and ash contents increased from 47.4 (±0.50) g/100g to 50.9 (±0.80) g/100g and 0.40 (±0.01) g/100g to 1.15 (±0.01) g/100g respectively, while carbohydrate and energy contents decreased from 28.1 (±0.03) g/100g to 21.9 (±0.04) g/100g and 308.42 kcal/100g to 285.64 kcal/100g respectively. The sensory evaluation showed that with regards to taste, aroma, texture and overall acceptability, the sample enriched with soybean was more preferred to that enriched with crayfish, or a combination of both. Enrichment of Masa could contribute to improvement of nutritional status if promoted as a nutritious, healthy indigenous snack not only where Masa is already widely consumed, but also in other parts of Nigeria where it has not found wide acceptance.
