Background:Residual force enhancement(rFE),defined as increased isometric force following active lengthening compared to a fixed-end isometric contraction at the same muscle length and level of activation,is present a...Background:Residual force enhancement(rFE),defined as increased isometric force following active lengthening compared to a fixed-end isometric contraction at the same muscle length and level of activation,is present across all scales of muscle.While rFE is always present at the cellular level,often rFE"non-re sponders"are observed during joint-level voluntary contractions.Methods:We compared rFE between the joint level and single fiber level(vastus lateralis biopsies)in 16 young males.In vivo voluntary kneeextensor rFE was measured by comparing steady-state isometric torque between a stretch-hold(maximal activation at 150°,stretch to 70°,hold)and a fixed-end isometric contraction,with ultrasonographic recording of vastus lateralis fascicle length(FL).Fixed-end contractions were performed at 67.5°,70.0°,72.5°,and 75.0°;the joint angle that most closely matched FL of the stretch-hold contraction's isometric steady-state was used to calculate rFE.The starting and ending FLs of the stretch-hold contraction were expressed as%optimal FL,determined via torqueangle relationship.Resu lts:In single fiber experiments,the starting and ending fiber lengths were matched relative to optimal length determined from in vivo testing,yielding an average sarcomere excursion of~2.2-3.4μm.There was a greater magnitude of rFE at the single fiber(~20%)than joint level(~5%)(p=0.004),with"non-re sponders"only observed at the joint level.Conclusion:By comparing rFE across scales within the same participants,we show the development of the rFE non-responder phenomenon is upstream of rFE's cellular mechanisms,with rFE only lost rather than gained when scaling from single fibers to the joint level.展开更多
To the editor:Peer workers-people with personal experiences of using mental health services,trained to provide support to others currently using similar services--are increasingly integrated into the workforce of ment...To the editor:Peer workers-people with personal experiences of using mental health services,trained to provide support to others currently using similar services--are increasingly integrated into the workforce of mental health systems internationally.展开更多
Oral squamous cell carcinoma(OSCC)is a prevalent malignancy with high morbidity and mortality.Globally,about 400000 people are affected,often with a poor quality of life.Its high mortality is mainly due to its aggress...Oral squamous cell carcinoma(OSCC)is a prevalent malignancy with high morbidity and mortality.Globally,about 400000 people are affected,often with a poor quality of life.Its high mortality is mainly due to its aggressive growth and tendency to spread.Epithelial-mesenchymal transition(EMT)is a central regulatory hub driving tumor cell migration and invasion by enabling changes in cell characteristics.During EMT,epithelial cells gradually take on mesenchymal traits,gaining mobility and spreading mo re easily.Recent multi-omics studies show that many cancer cells exist in a hybrid or partial-EMT state,which lies between the full epithelial and mesenchymal forms.Cells in this state are especially invasive and metastatic,with high plasticity that promotes tumor progression.This review summarizes the role of partial-EMT in OSCC,with a focus on how it alters the tumor microenvironment(TME),promotes invasion and metastasis,and influences cancer stem cells(CSCs).We also highlight the link between partial-EMT and treatment resistance in OSCC.Based on these insights,we discuss therapeutic strategies targeting partial-EMT to improve outcomes.Targeting partial-EMT may offer promising strategies to enhance treatment effectiveness and improve patient survival and quality of life.展开更多
The diseases caused by disorders in glucose and lipid metabolism have become one of the prevalent health issues,posing a serious threat to human health.Previous studies have shown that food-derived polysaccharides hav...The diseases caused by disorders in glucose and lipid metabolism have become one of the prevalent health issues,posing a serious threat to human health.Previous studies have shown that food-derived polysaccharides have a certain intervention effect on disorders in glucose and lipid metabolism.This article reviewed the structure-function relationship of food-derived polysaccharides and elucidated their role in regulating glucose and lipid metabolism.Some new evidence suggests that secondary metabolites such as short-chain fatty acids,secondary bile acids,and lipopolysaccharide act as signaling molecules,activating pathways related to glucose and lipid metabolism,alleviating oxidative stress,inhibiting inflammation in the body,and regulating the homeostasis of glucose and lipid metabolism.These results indicated that food-derived polysaccharides have a positive impact on the regulation of glucose and lipid metabolism by improving the gut microbiota environment.On the other hand,gut microbiota disturbance can affect the host’s health through the gut-liver,gut-brain and gut-adipose tissue axes.Therefore,it is speculated that food-derived polysaccharides may intervene in glucose and lipid metabolism through the inter-organ crosstalk between gut,liver,adipose tissue,and nervous system.This essay provides a theoretical basis for the development and utilization of food-derived polysaccharides as prebiotics in intervening disorders in glucose and lipid metabolism.展开更多
Environment serves as the pivotal medium to produce fermented food,with fluctuations in environmental factors exerting a profound impact on the modulation of fermentation microbial communities.Such shifts are crucial ...Environment serves as the pivotal medium to produce fermented food,with fluctuations in environmental factors exerting a profound impact on the modulation of fermentation microbial communities.Such shifts are crucial for the distinctiveness of fermented food flavor and the variability in quality.Chinese liquor(Baijiu)is one of the typical representatives of spontaneous fermented food.In this review,the multifaceted relationship between regional environmental attributes and the fermentation dynamics of Baijiu was examined,with a spotlight on the strong-flavor,sauce-flavor,and light-flavor varieties.It reveals the influence of regional environmental factors and brewing environmental factors on microbial function and metabolism,which results in the formation of unique flavor characteristics of Baijiu.The 9 main factors affecting the microecology of Baijiu fermentation were further explored,including environmental sensitivity,microbial interactions,biogeographic patterns,and key abiotic factors such as temperature and humidity.Environmental factor management is crucial for controlling microbial community in fermentation.Intelligent detection of the fermentation system is combined with artificial intelligence to realize the digitalization of Baijiu fermentation,with a view to further studying the environmental mechanism or quantitative control relationship of natural fermentation,improving the environmental stability of natural fermentation,and promoting the mechanization and intelligence of fermentation production.展开更多
Interferon-related genes are involved in antiviral responses,inflammation,and immunity,which are closely related to sepsis-associated acute respiratory distress syndrome(ARDS).We analyzed 1972 participants with genoty...Interferon-related genes are involved in antiviral responses,inflammation,and immunity,which are closely related to sepsis-associated acute respiratory distress syndrome(ARDS).We analyzed 1972 participants with genotype data and 681 participants with gene expression data from the Molecular Epidemiology of ARDS(MEARDS),the Molecular Epidemiology of Sepsis in the ICU(MESSI),and the Molecular Diagnosis and Risk Stratification of Sepsis(MARS)cohorts in a three-step study focusing on sepsis-associated ARDS and sepsis-only controls.First,we identified and validated interferon-related genes associated with sepsis-associated ARDS risk using genetically regulated gene expression(GReX).Second,we examined the association of the confirmed gene(interferon regulatory factor 1,IRF1)with ARDS risk and survival and conducted a mediation analysis.Through discovery and validation,we found that the GReX of IRF1 was associated with ARDS risk(odds ratio[OR_(MEARDS)]=0.84,P=0.008;OR_(MESSI)=0.83,P=0.034).Furthermore,individual-level measured IRF1 expression was associated with reduced ARDS risk(OR=0.58,P=8.67×10^(-4)),and improved overall survival in ARDS patients(hazard ratio[HR_(28-day)]=0.49,P=0.009)and sepsis patients(HR_(28-day)=0.76,P=0.008).Mediation analysis revealed that IRF1 may enhance immune function by regulating the major histocompatibility complex,including HLA-F,which mediated more than 70%of protective effects of IRF1 on ARDS.The findings were validated by in vitro biological experiments including time-series infection dynamics,overexpression,knockout,and chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing.Early prophylactic interventions to activate IRF1 in sepsis patients,thereby regulating HLA-F,may reduce the risk of ARDS and mortality,especially in severely ill patients.展开更多
AIM: To analyze the difference of intestinal microbial community diversity between healthy and (S. enteritidis) orally infected ducklings.METHODS: Enterobacterial Repetitive Intergenic Consensus (ERIC)-PCR was applied...AIM: To analyze the difference of intestinal microbial community diversity between healthy and (S. enteritidis) orally infected ducklings.METHODS: Enterobacterial Repetitive Intergenic Consensus (ERIC)-PCR was applied to analyze the intestinal microbial community diversity and dynamic change including duodenum, jejunum, ileum, cecum and rectum from healthy ducklings and 7-day-old ducklings after oral infection with S. enteritidis at different time points.RESULTS: The intestinal microbial community of the control healthy ducklings was steady and the ERIC-PCR band numbers of the control healthy ducklings were the least with rectum and were the most with caecum. ERIC-PCR bands of orally inoculated ducklings did not obviously change until 24 h after inoculation (p.i.). The numbers of the ERIC-PCR bands gradually decreased from 24 h to 72 h p.i., and then, with the development of disease, the band numbers gradually increased until 6 d p.i. The prominent bacteria changed because of S. enteritidis infection and the DNAstar of staple of ERIC-PCR showed that aerobe and facultative aerobe (Escherichia coli, Shigella, Salmonella) became preponderant bacilli in the intestine of orally infected ducklings with SE.CONCLUSION: This study has provided significant data to clarify the intestinal microbial community diversity and dynamic change of healthy and S. enteritidis orally infected ducklings, and valuable insight into the pathogenesis of S. enteritidis infection in both human and animals.展开更多
AIM To describe echocardiographically left ventricular false tendon characteristics and the correlation with ventricular repolarization abnormalities in young athletes.METHODS Three hundred and sixteen healthy young a...AIM To describe echocardiographically left ventricular false tendon characteristics and the correlation with ventricular repolarization abnormalities in young athletes.METHODS Three hundred and sixteen healthy young athletes from different sport disciplines were evaluated from 2009 to 2011 during routine screening for agonistic sports eligibility. All subjects, as part of standard preparticipation screening medical evaluation, underwent a basal and post step test 12-lead electrocardiogram(ECG). The athletes with abnormal T-wave flattening and/or inversion were considered for an echocardiogram evaluation and an incremental maximal exercise test on a cycle ergometer. Arterial blood pressure and heart rate, during and after exercise, were also measured.RESULTS Twenty-one of the 316 subjects(6.9%) showed false tendons in the left ventricle. The majority of false tendons(52.38%) were localized between the middle segments of the inferior septum and the lateral wall, 19.06% between the distal segments of the septum and the lateral wall, in 5 subjects between the middle segments of the anterior and inferior walls, and in one subject between the middle segments of the anterior septum and the posterior wall. ECG abnormalities, represented by alterations of ventricular repolarization, were found in 11 subjects(52.38%), 90% of these anomalies were T wave abnormalities from V1 to V3. These anomalies disappeared with an increasing heart rate following the three minute step test as well as during the execution of the maximal exercise.CONCLUSION Left ventricular false tendons are frequently localized between the middle segments of the inferior septum and the lateral wall and are statistically associated with ventricular repolarization abnormalities.展开更多
An in vitro blood-brain barrier(BBB) model is critical for enabling rapid screening of the BBB permeability of the drugs targeting on the central nervous system.Though many models have been developed, their reproducib...An in vitro blood-brain barrier(BBB) model is critical for enabling rapid screening of the BBB permeability of the drugs targeting on the central nervous system.Though many models have been developed, their reproducibility and renewability remain a challenge. Furthermore, drug transport data from many of the models do not correlate well with the data for in vivo BBB drug transport.Induced-pluripotent stem cell(i PSC) technology provides reproducible cell resources for in vitro BBB modeling.Here, we generated a human in vitro BBB model by differentiating the human i PSC(hi PSC) line GM25256 into brain endothelial-type cells. The model displayed BBB characteristics including tight junction proteins(ZO-1,claudin-5, and occludin) and endothelial markers(von Willebrand factor and Ulex), as well as high transendothelial electrical resistance(TEER)(1560 X.cm2±230 X.cm2) and c-GTPase activity. Co-culture with primary rat astrocytes significantly increased the TEER of the model(2970 X.cm2 to 4185 X.cm2). RNAseq analysis confirmed the expression of key BBB-related genes in the hi PSC-derived endothelial cells in comparison with primary human brain microvascular endothelial cells,including P-glycoprotein(Pgp) and breast cancer resistant protein(BCRP). Drug transport assays for nine CNS compounds showed that the permeability of non-Pgp/BCRP and Pgp/BCRP substrates across the model was strongly correlated with rodent in situ brain perfusion data for these compounds(R2= 0.982 and R2= 0.9973,respectively), demonstrating the functionality of the drug transporters in the model. Thus, this model may be used to rapidly screen CNS compounds, to predict the in vivo BBB permeability of these compounds and to study the biology of the BBB.展开更多
Objective: The purpose of this study was to develop a career-orientation scale for public health nurses (PHNs) and to validate the scale. Methods: Self-administered questionnaires were sent to 7170 PHNs in 10 prefectu...Objective: The purpose of this study was to develop a career-orientation scale for public health nurses (PHNs) and to validate the scale. Methods: Self-administered questionnaires were sent to 7170 PHNs in 10 prefectures. A retest survey was sent to 252 participants. Results: The valid responses from 2003 PHNs in the first survey were analyzed for major factors by varimax rotation. The analysis resulted in five orientation factors and 19 items being selected. The cumulative contribution ratio was 46.9%, and Cronbach’s coefficient alpha was 0.863. The exact match ratio of test-retest was 59.7% (from 47.7% to 72.1% for each item and from 12.0% to 92.0% for each participant). Conclusions: The reliability and validity of this survey were confirmed;however, further research is required to confirm the reproducibility. This scale can be used as a self-assessment tool when managers need to advise their staff on career development.展开更多
Objective: The aim of this study was to elucidate the process of professional identity formation and the factors that affect the process in public health nurses (PHNs). Methods: We performed an inductive qualitative a...Objective: The aim of this study was to elucidate the process of professional identity formation and the factors that affect the process in public health nurses (PHNs). Methods: We performed an inductive qualitative analysis based on semi-structured interviews and focus group interviews of 65 PHNs. Results: At years 1 - 5, PHNs did not have a professional self-identity. Therefore, it was important for them to recognize the significance of their own work. At years 6 - 10, PHNs acquired self-assurance as a practitioner through feedback from residents. It was important for them to have a better understanding, broader viewpoints and more affection for their own community. At years 11 - 20, PHNs felt ambivalent toward the challenges and heavy responsibilities based on the objective assessment of their jobs and roles. PHNs felt embarrassed by role changes when they became a manager or an expert. It was important for them to become aware of their new role through managerial education and training. However, some PHNs who were unable to establish a clear PHN identity experienced setbacks at each developmental stage. Conclusions: Our data suggest that a differential approach dependent on the stage and level of confidence in an individual’s PHN identity is required for the formation of PHN identity.展开更多
Purpose:Wearable devices are commonly used to measure physical activity.However,it remains unclear the effect of wearing these devices on health awareness.Our aim was to provide evidence related to wearing physical ac...Purpose:Wearable devices are commonly used to measure physical activity.However,it remains unclear the effect of wearing these devices on health awareness.Our aim was to provide evidence related to wearing physical activity trackers and health awareness.Methods:A quantitative comparison study design was used comparing participants who wore physical activity tracking devices(n=108)and those who did not(n=112).A paper-based Physical Health Knowledge survey designed for the purpose of this research was used for data collection in 2018.Results:A difference between participants who wore physical activity tracking devices and those that did not was identified in relation to activity levels and physical health awareness.Wearable devices are suggested as an opportunity for nurses to engage people in physical activity with the potential to improve their health awareness.Conclusions:Nurses are well placed in the healthcare landscape to work with patients who own an activity tracker device concerning increasing activity self-monitoring.This information the patient has from the device can also form the basis of health discussions between nurses and the people in their care.展开更多
This study aimed to examine whether expression of human hepatic lipase（hHL） exerted an intracellular effect on hepatic production of apolipoprotein（apo） A-I.The levels of secreted and cell-associated apoA-I were c...This study aimed to examine whether expression of human hepatic lipase（hHL） exerted an intracellular effect on hepatic production of apolipoprotein（apo） A-I.The levels of secreted and cell-associated apoA-I were contrasted between primary hepatocytes isolated from Lipc-nuW and C57BL/6 mice,and between Lipc-nuW hepatocytes transfected with either hHL-encoding or control adenovirus.An HSPG-binding deficient hHL protein（hHLmt） was used to determine the impact of cell surface binding on HL action.Accumulation of apoA-I in conditioned media of primary hepatocytes isolated from Lipc-nuW mice was increased as compared to that from C57BL/6 mice.Metabolic labeling experiments showed that secretion of ＇＇S-apoA-I from Lipc-nuW cells was significantly higher than that from C57BL/6 cells.Expression of hHL in Lipc-nuW hepatocytes,through adenovirus-mediated gene transfer,resulted in decreased synthesis and secretion of ＇S-apoA-I,but not S-apoE,as compared with cells transfected with control adenovirus.Expression of HSPG-binding deficient hHLmt in Lipc-nuW cells also exerted an inhibitory effect on apoA-I production,even though hHLmt displayed impaired exit from the endoplasmic reticulum as compared with hHL.Subcellular fractionation revealed that expression of hHL or hHLmt led to increased microsome-association of apoA-I relative to non-transfected control.Expression of hHL negatively impacts hepatic production of apoA-I.展开更多
The aging of the global population is accelerating,and the ques-tion of how to extend the human life span-especially a healthy life span-has become a hot research topic at home and abroad.As people age,the structure a...The aging of the global population is accelerating,and the ques-tion of how to extend the human life span-especially a healthy life span-has become a hot research topic at home and abroad.As people age,the structure and function of various tissues and organs in the body will successively undergo varying degrees of decline;the rate and manifestation of the aging of each tissue and organ also differ.This decline is the root cause of the poor disease resis-tance of older people,making them prone to infections and various chronic diseases.Although studies have reported the 12 classic hallmarks of aging,and many cutting-edge research methods have been used to map the cellular atlas of aging,scholars have not been able to elucidate the specific changes in and molecular mecha-nisms of the aging of specific organs or the interactions between various tissues and organs,limiting the implementation of precise interventions against aging.展开更多
We aimed to investigate the association between mobility and skeletal muscle strength by using magnetic resonance diffusion tensor imaging (DTI). This study included 20 healthy male volunteers (mean age, 21.8 ± 1...We aimed to investigate the association between mobility and skeletal muscle strength by using magnetic resonance diffusion tensor imaging (DTI). This study included 20 healthy male volunteers (mean age, 21.8 ± 1.1 years). The maximum voluntary strength (MVC) of each participant was measured with the ankle joint in plantar and dorsal flexion using an instrument for measuring muscle strength. Moreover, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was performed with the ankle joint at rest, in plantar flexion, and in dorsal flexion. For imaging, a 1.5-T MRI device was used, and a diffusion-weighted stimulated echo-planar imaging pulse sequence. Tensor eigenvalues (λ), fractional anisotropy (FA), and the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) were calculated from data obtained by DTI. The resulting MRI data were compared to the data on muscle mobility or strength and statistically analyzed. Regarding changes in DTI indices during muscle movements, anisotropy of the tibialis anterior was significantly increased from rest to plantar flexion (P < 0.01), whereas no significant change was observed in dorsal flexion (n.s.). In contrast, the extent of significant changes in anisotropy of the medial gastrocnemius (mGC) and soleus (SOL) was small at plantar flexion (mGC, P < 0.01;SOL, n.s.), whereas the indices were significantly increased at dorsal flexion (P < 0.01). Regarding the correlation between MVC of each skeletal muscle and the DTI indices, FA and λ3 were significantly correlated in movements involving the muscles, whereas no significant correlation was observed in movements not involving them. Changes in intramuscular water molecules by elongation and contraction of the skeletal muscle fibers could be assumed to affect changes in diffusional anisotropy. When muscles contract, the space between myocytes was reduced and they might become increasingly dense. Moreover, diffusional anisotropy increased with increasing MVC, whereas ADC remained unchanged. DTI was suggested to produce measurements similar to the degree of muscle strength.展开更多
基金supported by the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada(NSERC,Grant No.RGPIN-2024-03782).
文摘Background:Residual force enhancement(rFE),defined as increased isometric force following active lengthening compared to a fixed-end isometric contraction at the same muscle length and level of activation,is present across all scales of muscle.While rFE is always present at the cellular level,often rFE"non-re sponders"are observed during joint-level voluntary contractions.Methods:We compared rFE between the joint level and single fiber level(vastus lateralis biopsies)in 16 young males.In vivo voluntary kneeextensor rFE was measured by comparing steady-state isometric torque between a stretch-hold(maximal activation at 150°,stretch to 70°,hold)and a fixed-end isometric contraction,with ultrasonographic recording of vastus lateralis fascicle length(FL).Fixed-end contractions were performed at 67.5°,70.0°,72.5°,and 75.0°;the joint angle that most closely matched FL of the stretch-hold contraction's isometric steady-state was used to calculate rFE.The starting and ending FLs of the stretch-hold contraction were expressed as%optimal FL,determined via torqueangle relationship.Resu lts:In single fiber experiments,the starting and ending fiber lengths were matched relative to optimal length determined from in vivo testing,yielding an average sarcomere excursion of~2.2-3.4μm.There was a greater magnitude of rFE at the single fiber(~20%)than joint level(~5%)(p=0.004),with"non-re sponders"only observed at the joint level.Conclusion:By comparing rFE across scales within the same participants,we show the development of the rFE non-responder phenomenon is upstream of rFE's cellular mechanisms,with rFE only lost rather than gained when scaling from single fibers to the joint level.
基金funded by National Institute for Health Research(NIHR)(RP-PG-1212-20019)。
文摘To the editor:Peer workers-people with personal experiences of using mental health services,trained to provide support to others currently using similar services--are increasingly integrated into the workforce of mental health systems internationally.
基金funded by JSPS KAKENHI to Y.K.(22K19629,22H03288,and 21KK0162)JSPS Program for Forming Japan's Peak Research Universities:J-PEAKS(JPJS00420240022)to Y.K.JST SPRING,Grant Number JPMJSP2113 to C.W.and C.S.
文摘Oral squamous cell carcinoma(OSCC)is a prevalent malignancy with high morbidity and mortality.Globally,about 400000 people are affected,often with a poor quality of life.Its high mortality is mainly due to its aggressive growth and tendency to spread.Epithelial-mesenchymal transition(EMT)is a central regulatory hub driving tumor cell migration and invasion by enabling changes in cell characteristics.During EMT,epithelial cells gradually take on mesenchymal traits,gaining mobility and spreading mo re easily.Recent multi-omics studies show that many cancer cells exist in a hybrid or partial-EMT state,which lies between the full epithelial and mesenchymal forms.Cells in this state are especially invasive and metastatic,with high plasticity that promotes tumor progression.This review summarizes the role of partial-EMT in OSCC,with a focus on how it alters the tumor microenvironment(TME),promotes invasion and metastasis,and influences cancer stem cells(CSCs).We also highlight the link between partial-EMT and treatment resistance in OSCC.Based on these insights,we discuss therapeutic strategies targeting partial-EMT to improve outcomes.Targeting partial-EMT may offer promising strategies to enhance treatment effectiveness and improve patient survival and quality of life.
基金supported by the University Innovation Team of Shandong Province(2022KJ243)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31901644)Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province(ZR2025MS284).
文摘The diseases caused by disorders in glucose and lipid metabolism have become one of the prevalent health issues,posing a serious threat to human health.Previous studies have shown that food-derived polysaccharides have a certain intervention effect on disorders in glucose and lipid metabolism.This article reviewed the structure-function relationship of food-derived polysaccharides and elucidated their role in regulating glucose and lipid metabolism.Some new evidence suggests that secondary metabolites such as short-chain fatty acids,secondary bile acids,and lipopolysaccharide act as signaling molecules,activating pathways related to glucose and lipid metabolism,alleviating oxidative stress,inhibiting inflammation in the body,and regulating the homeostasis of glucose and lipid metabolism.These results indicated that food-derived polysaccharides have a positive impact on the regulation of glucose and lipid metabolism by improving the gut microbiota environment.On the other hand,gut microbiota disturbance can affect the host’s health through the gut-liver,gut-brain and gut-adipose tissue axes.Therefore,it is speculated that food-derived polysaccharides may intervene in glucose and lipid metabolism through the inter-organ crosstalk between gut,liver,adipose tissue,and nervous system.This essay provides a theoretical basis for the development and utilization of food-derived polysaccharides as prebiotics in intervening disorders in glucose and lipid metabolism.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22138004)National Treasure Ecological Research Synergetic Innovation Center.
文摘Environment serves as the pivotal medium to produce fermented food,with fluctuations in environmental factors exerting a profound impact on the modulation of fermentation microbial communities.Such shifts are crucial for the distinctiveness of fermented food flavor and the variability in quality.Chinese liquor(Baijiu)is one of the typical representatives of spontaneous fermented food.In this review,the multifaceted relationship between regional environmental attributes and the fermentation dynamics of Baijiu was examined,with a spotlight on the strong-flavor,sauce-flavor,and light-flavor varieties.It reveals the influence of regional environmental factors and brewing environmental factors on microbial function and metabolism,which results in the formation of unique flavor characteristics of Baijiu.The 9 main factors affecting the microecology of Baijiu fermentation were further explored,including environmental sensitivity,microbial interactions,biogeographic patterns,and key abiotic factors such as temperature and humidity.Environmental factor management is crucial for controlling microbial community in fermentation.Intelligent detection of the fermentation system is combined with artificial intelligence to realize the digitalization of Baijiu fermentation,with a view to further studying the environmental mechanism or quantitative control relationship of natural fermentation,improving the environmental stability of natural fermentation,and promoting the mechanization and intelligence of fermentation production.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.82220108002 to F.C.and Grant No.82273737 to R.Z.)the U.S.National Institutes of Health(Grant Nos.CA209414,HL060710,and ES000002 to D.C.C.,Grant Nos.CA209414 and CA249096 to Y.L.)+1 种基金the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions(PAPD)supported by the Qing Lan Project of the Higher Education Institutions of Jiangsu Province and the Outstanding Young Level Academic Leadership Training Program of Nanjing Medical University.
文摘Interferon-related genes are involved in antiviral responses,inflammation,and immunity,which are closely related to sepsis-associated acute respiratory distress syndrome(ARDS).We analyzed 1972 participants with genotype data and 681 participants with gene expression data from the Molecular Epidemiology of ARDS(MEARDS),the Molecular Epidemiology of Sepsis in the ICU(MESSI),and the Molecular Diagnosis and Risk Stratification of Sepsis(MARS)cohorts in a three-step study focusing on sepsis-associated ARDS and sepsis-only controls.First,we identified and validated interferon-related genes associated with sepsis-associated ARDS risk using genetically regulated gene expression(GReX).Second,we examined the association of the confirmed gene(interferon regulatory factor 1,IRF1)with ARDS risk and survival and conducted a mediation analysis.Through discovery and validation,we found that the GReX of IRF1 was associated with ARDS risk(odds ratio[OR_(MEARDS)]=0.84,P=0.008;OR_(MESSI)=0.83,P=0.034).Furthermore,individual-level measured IRF1 expression was associated with reduced ARDS risk(OR=0.58,P=8.67×10^(-4)),and improved overall survival in ARDS patients(hazard ratio[HR_(28-day)]=0.49,P=0.009)and sepsis patients(HR_(28-day)=0.76,P=0.008).Mediation analysis revealed that IRF1 may enhance immune function by regulating the major histocompatibility complex,including HLA-F,which mediated more than 70%of protective effects of IRF1 on ARDS.The findings were validated by in vitro biological experiments including time-series infection dynamics,overexpression,knockout,and chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing.Early prophylactic interventions to activate IRF1 in sepsis patients,thereby regulating HLA-F,may reduce the risk of ARDS and mortality,especially in severely ill patients.
基金The National Science &Technology Pillar Program, 2007Z06-017Program for New Century Excellent Talents in University, NCET-04-0906/NCET-06-0818+1 种基金Sichuan Province Basic Research Program, 04JY029-006-1/04JY021-100/07JY029-017Program for Key Disciplines Construction of Sichuan Province, SZD0418
文摘AIM: To analyze the difference of intestinal microbial community diversity between healthy and (S. enteritidis) orally infected ducklings.METHODS: Enterobacterial Repetitive Intergenic Consensus (ERIC)-PCR was applied to analyze the intestinal microbial community diversity and dynamic change including duodenum, jejunum, ileum, cecum and rectum from healthy ducklings and 7-day-old ducklings after oral infection with S. enteritidis at different time points.RESULTS: The intestinal microbial community of the control healthy ducklings was steady and the ERIC-PCR band numbers of the control healthy ducklings were the least with rectum and were the most with caecum. ERIC-PCR bands of orally inoculated ducklings did not obviously change until 24 h after inoculation (p.i.). The numbers of the ERIC-PCR bands gradually decreased from 24 h to 72 h p.i., and then, with the development of disease, the band numbers gradually increased until 6 d p.i. The prominent bacteria changed because of S. enteritidis infection and the DNAstar of staple of ERIC-PCR showed that aerobe and facultative aerobe (Escherichia coli, Shigella, Salmonella) became preponderant bacilli in the intestine of orally infected ducklings with SE.CONCLUSION: This study has provided significant data to clarify the intestinal microbial community diversity and dynamic change of healthy and S. enteritidis orally infected ducklings, and valuable insight into the pathogenesis of S. enteritidis infection in both human and animals.
文摘AIM To describe echocardiographically left ventricular false tendon characteristics and the correlation with ventricular repolarization abnormalities in young athletes.METHODS Three hundred and sixteen healthy young athletes from different sport disciplines were evaluated from 2009 to 2011 during routine screening for agonistic sports eligibility. All subjects, as part of standard preparticipation screening medical evaluation, underwent a basal and post step test 12-lead electrocardiogram(ECG). The athletes with abnormal T-wave flattening and/or inversion were considered for an echocardiogram evaluation and an incremental maximal exercise test on a cycle ergometer. Arterial blood pressure and heart rate, during and after exercise, were also measured.RESULTS Twenty-one of the 316 subjects(6.9%) showed false tendons in the left ventricle. The majority of false tendons(52.38%) were localized between the middle segments of the inferior septum and the lateral wall, 19.06% between the distal segments of the septum and the lateral wall, in 5 subjects between the middle segments of the anterior and inferior walls, and in one subject between the middle segments of the anterior septum and the posterior wall. ECG abnormalities, represented by alterations of ventricular repolarization, were found in 11 subjects(52.38%), 90% of these anomalies were T wave abnormalities from V1 to V3. These anomalies disappeared with an increasing heart rate following the three minute step test as well as during the execution of the maximal exercise.CONCLUSION Left ventricular false tendons are frequently localized between the middle segments of the inferior septum and the lateral wall and are statistically associated with ventricular repolarization abnormalities.
文摘An in vitro blood-brain barrier(BBB) model is critical for enabling rapid screening of the BBB permeability of the drugs targeting on the central nervous system.Though many models have been developed, their reproducibility and renewability remain a challenge. Furthermore, drug transport data from many of the models do not correlate well with the data for in vivo BBB drug transport.Induced-pluripotent stem cell(i PSC) technology provides reproducible cell resources for in vitro BBB modeling.Here, we generated a human in vitro BBB model by differentiating the human i PSC(hi PSC) line GM25256 into brain endothelial-type cells. The model displayed BBB characteristics including tight junction proteins(ZO-1,claudin-5, and occludin) and endothelial markers(von Willebrand factor and Ulex), as well as high transendothelial electrical resistance(TEER)(1560 X.cm2±230 X.cm2) and c-GTPase activity. Co-culture with primary rat astrocytes significantly increased the TEER of the model(2970 X.cm2 to 4185 X.cm2). RNAseq analysis confirmed the expression of key BBB-related genes in the hi PSC-derived endothelial cells in comparison with primary human brain microvascular endothelial cells,including P-glycoprotein(Pgp) and breast cancer resistant protein(BCRP). Drug transport assays for nine CNS compounds showed that the permeability of non-Pgp/BCRP and Pgp/BCRP substrates across the model was strongly correlated with rodent in situ brain perfusion data for these compounds(R2= 0.982 and R2= 0.9973,respectively), demonstrating the functionality of the drug transporters in the model. Thus, this model may be used to rapidly screen CNS compounds, to predict the in vivo BBB permeability of these compounds and to study the biology of the BBB.
文摘Objective: The purpose of this study was to develop a career-orientation scale for public health nurses (PHNs) and to validate the scale. Methods: Self-administered questionnaires were sent to 7170 PHNs in 10 prefectures. A retest survey was sent to 252 participants. Results: The valid responses from 2003 PHNs in the first survey were analyzed for major factors by varimax rotation. The analysis resulted in five orientation factors and 19 items being selected. The cumulative contribution ratio was 46.9%, and Cronbach’s coefficient alpha was 0.863. The exact match ratio of test-retest was 59.7% (from 47.7% to 72.1% for each item and from 12.0% to 92.0% for each participant). Conclusions: The reliability and validity of this survey were confirmed;however, further research is required to confirm the reproducibility. This scale can be used as a self-assessment tool when managers need to advise their staff on career development.
文摘Objective: The aim of this study was to elucidate the process of professional identity formation and the factors that affect the process in public health nurses (PHNs). Methods: We performed an inductive qualitative analysis based on semi-structured interviews and focus group interviews of 65 PHNs. Results: At years 1 - 5, PHNs did not have a professional self-identity. Therefore, it was important for them to recognize the significance of their own work. At years 6 - 10, PHNs acquired self-assurance as a practitioner through feedback from residents. It was important for them to have a better understanding, broader viewpoints and more affection for their own community. At years 11 - 20, PHNs felt ambivalent toward the challenges and heavy responsibilities based on the objective assessment of their jobs and roles. PHNs felt embarrassed by role changes when they became a manager or an expert. It was important for them to become aware of their new role through managerial education and training. However, some PHNs who were unable to establish a clear PHN identity experienced setbacks at each developmental stage. Conclusions: Our data suggest that a differential approach dependent on the stage and level of confidence in an individual’s PHN identity is required for the formation of PHN identity.
文摘Purpose:Wearable devices are commonly used to measure physical activity.However,it remains unclear the effect of wearing these devices on health awareness.Our aim was to provide evidence related to wearing physical activity trackers and health awareness.Methods:A quantitative comparison study design was used comparing participants who wore physical activity tracking devices(n=108)and those who did not(n=112).A paper-based Physical Health Knowledge survey designed for the purpose of this research was used for data collection in 2018.Results:A difference between participants who wore physical activity tracking devices and those that did not was identified in relation to activity levels and physical health awareness.Wearable devices are suggested as an opportunity for nurses to engage people in physical activity with the potential to improve their health awareness.Conclusions:Nurses are well placed in the healthcare landscape to work with patients who own an activity tracker device concerning increasing activity self-monitoring.This information the patient has from the device can also form the basis of health discussions between nurses and the people in their care.
基金supported by a grant-in-aid (#T6903) from the Heart and Stroke Foundation of Ontario
文摘This study aimed to examine whether expression of human hepatic lipase（hHL） exerted an intracellular effect on hepatic production of apolipoprotein（apo） A-I.The levels of secreted and cell-associated apoA-I were contrasted between primary hepatocytes isolated from Lipc-nuW and C57BL/6 mice,and between Lipc-nuW hepatocytes transfected with either hHL-encoding or control adenovirus.An HSPG-binding deficient hHL protein（hHLmt） was used to determine the impact of cell surface binding on HL action.Accumulation of apoA-I in conditioned media of primary hepatocytes isolated from Lipc-nuW mice was increased as compared to that from C57BL/6 mice.Metabolic labeling experiments showed that secretion of ＇＇S-apoA-I from Lipc-nuW cells was significantly higher than that from C57BL/6 cells.Expression of hHL in Lipc-nuW hepatocytes,through adenovirus-mediated gene transfer,resulted in decreased synthesis and secretion of ＇S-apoA-I,but not S-apoE,as compared with cells transfected with control adenovirus.Expression of HSPG-binding deficient hHLmt in Lipc-nuW cells also exerted an inhibitory effect on apoA-I production,even though hHLmt displayed impaired exit from the endoplasmic reticulum as compared with hHL.Subcellular fractionation revealed that expression of hHL or hHLmt led to increased microsome-association of apoA-I relative to non-transfected control.Expression of hHL negatively impacts hepatic production of apoA-I.
文摘The aging of the global population is accelerating,and the ques-tion of how to extend the human life span-especially a healthy life span-has become a hot research topic at home and abroad.As people age,the structure and function of various tissues and organs in the body will successively undergo varying degrees of decline;the rate and manifestation of the aging of each tissue and organ also differ.This decline is the root cause of the poor disease resis-tance of older people,making them prone to infections and various chronic diseases.Although studies have reported the 12 classic hallmarks of aging,and many cutting-edge research methods have been used to map the cellular atlas of aging,scholars have not been able to elucidate the specific changes in and molecular mecha-nisms of the aging of specific organs or the interactions between various tissues and organs,limiting the implementation of precise interventions against aging.
文摘We aimed to investigate the association between mobility and skeletal muscle strength by using magnetic resonance diffusion tensor imaging (DTI). This study included 20 healthy male volunteers (mean age, 21.8 ± 1.1 years). The maximum voluntary strength (MVC) of each participant was measured with the ankle joint in plantar and dorsal flexion using an instrument for measuring muscle strength. Moreover, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was performed with the ankle joint at rest, in plantar flexion, and in dorsal flexion. For imaging, a 1.5-T MRI device was used, and a diffusion-weighted stimulated echo-planar imaging pulse sequence. Tensor eigenvalues (λ), fractional anisotropy (FA), and the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) were calculated from data obtained by DTI. The resulting MRI data were compared to the data on muscle mobility or strength and statistically analyzed. Regarding changes in DTI indices during muscle movements, anisotropy of the tibialis anterior was significantly increased from rest to plantar flexion (P < 0.01), whereas no significant change was observed in dorsal flexion (n.s.). In contrast, the extent of significant changes in anisotropy of the medial gastrocnemius (mGC) and soleus (SOL) was small at plantar flexion (mGC, P < 0.01;SOL, n.s.), whereas the indices were significantly increased at dorsal flexion (P < 0.01). Regarding the correlation between MVC of each skeletal muscle and the DTI indices, FA and λ3 were significantly correlated in movements involving the muscles, whereas no significant correlation was observed in movements not involving them. Changes in intramuscular water molecules by elongation and contraction of the skeletal muscle fibers could be assumed to affect changes in diffusional anisotropy. When muscles contract, the space between myocytes was reduced and they might become increasingly dense. Moreover, diffusional anisotropy increased with increasing MVC, whereas ADC remained unchanged. DTI was suggested to produce measurements similar to the degree of muscle strength.
