Human spinal cord organoids(hSCOs)offer a promising platform to study neurotrauma by addressing many limitations of traditional research models.These organoids provide access to human-specific physiological and geneti...Human spinal cord organoids(hSCOs)offer a promising platform to study neurotrauma by addressing many limitations of traditional research models.These organoids provide access to human-specific physiological and genetic mechanisms and can be derived from an individual's somatic cells(e.g.,blood or skin).This enables patient-specific paradigms for precision neurotrauma research,pa rticula rly relevant to the over 300,000 people in the United States living with chronic effects of spinal cord injury(SCI).展开更多
As a public policy,the Human Rights Action Plan of China provides a clear roadmap for achieving the phased goals of human rights education development.The evolution of human rights education policies over the four edi...As a public policy,the Human Rights Action Plan of China provides a clear roadmap for achieving the phased goals of human rights education development.The evolution of human rights education policies over the four editions demonstrates a clear and distinct logic of progression:human rights education in primary and secondary schools has shifted from fostering students’awareness of human rights to establishing human rights values;human rights education in higher education has transitioned from the construction of single human rights course to the systematic development of human rights disciplines;human rights knowledge training has evolved from disseminating basic human rights knowledge among legal and political workers to cultivating a human rights mindset among public officials;and the popularization of human rights knowledge has moved from enhancing communication effectiveness to strengthening cultural confidence in human rights.These shifts reflect the characteristics of the policy evolution of human rights education,which are unified in their gradual and continuous nature,responsiveness and forward-looking nature,and value-oriented and contemporary nature.Fundamentally,the gap between the current state of human rights education development and policy goals serves as the intrinsic driving force for the evolution of human rights education policies.While the external factors influencing the evolution of policy content mainly include the human rights cause’s contemporary context,historical achievements,and current needs.Looking ahead to the future development of human rights education,it is essential to continuously innovate human rights teaching methods,enrich the content of human rights education,improve relevant institutional guarantee mechanisms,strengthen the construction of multi-stakeholder collaborative human rights education teams,compile and publish high-quality human rights textbooks,and increase the intensity of human rights knowledge training for journalists,in order to create a favorable public opinion atmosphere and cultural environment for the development of China’s human rights cause in the new era.展开更多
In 2024,China’s human rights research has assumed a distinct“autonomy-oriented shift,”with scholars beginning to refine and construct uniquely Chinese and locally identifiable human rights concepts,categories,and d...In 2024,China’s human rights research has assumed a distinct“autonomy-oriented shift,”with scholars beginning to refine and construct uniquely Chinese and locally identifiable human rights concepts,categories,and discourses.Building an independent human rights knowledge system has become a core academic focus in China’s human rights research field.Upholding fundamental principles and breaking new ground are the key methodological principles for the process.China’s human rights research should be rooted in the“cultural lineage”by preserving the essence of fine traditional Chinese culture,guided by the“moral lineage”by adhering to the Marxist view on human rights,and anchored in the“Four-sphere Confidence”by upholding a distinct human rights development path,so as to define the historical coordinates and value stance of China’s independent human rights knowledge system.Meanwhile,it should maintain a high degree of openness in knowledge,theory,and methodology to address emerging rights demands and contribute to building a new global human rights governance order,so as to underscore the mission of China’s independent human rights knowledge system in the contemporary era and China’s responsibility as a major global actor.China’s human rights research should uphold the dialectical unity between the fundamental principles and innovations,and advance the systemic and theoretical interpretation of its independent human rights knowledge.展开更多
BACKGROUND To prevent mother to child transmission(MTCT)of human immunodeficiency virus(HIV),sustained maternal viral load suppression(VLS)and early HIV testing among HIV exposed infants(HEI)is critical.AIM To investi...BACKGROUND To prevent mother to child transmission(MTCT)of human immunodeficiency virus(HIV),sustained maternal viral load suppression(VLS)and early HIV testing among HIV exposed infants(HEI)is critical.AIM To investigate maternal viral load results and infant HIV testing uptake at 6-weeks,and 9-months and 18-months in Rwanda.METHODS Between 2015 and 2022,VLS(<200 copies/mL)was measured among pregnant women living with HIV(WLHIV)from 38-healthcare facilities.Viral loads(VL)were measured at 6-months,12-months and 24-months,respectively.For maternal VL,the unit of analysis was visit-pair,and the pairs were created to define those with VL<200 copies/mL at two consecutive visits as having sustained VLS,persistent viremia(VL≥200 copies/mL at two consecutive visits),viral rebound(VL<200 copies/mL at prior visit only)and newly suppressed(VL<200 copies/mL at subsequent visit only).HEI were considered to have persistent HIV testing if they had all three HIV tests.Poisson regression models with generalized estimating equations were used to estimate the adjusted incidence rate ratio(aIRR)and 95%CI for factors associated with sustained VLS and persistent HIV testing.RESULTS A total of 1145 mother-infant pairs were analyzed.Infant HIV testing uptake at 6-weeks,9-months and 18-months was 1145(100.0%),1089(95.1%),1006(87.9%)respectively.Nine hundred ninety-nine HEI(87.3%)tested for HIV persistently.At 18-months,the incidence of HIV among HEI was 8(0.7%).Of 1145 mothers,1076(94.0%)had≥2 VL results making a total of 2010 visit-pairs(142-single;934-double visit-pairs).The incidence rate of sustained VLS,persistent viremia,viral rebound and new suppression were 91.0%,1.3%,3.6%and 4.0%respectively.Maternal disclosure of HIV status(aIRR=1.08,95%CI:1.02-1.14)was associated with increased likelihood of sustained VLS.Having peer support(aIRR=1.0595%CI:1.01-1.10)was associated with persistent HIV testing among HEI.CONCLUSION Sustained VLS is high among pregnant WLHIV in Rwanda.The low incidence of HIV among HEI may be attributed to high VLS levels.Targeted interventions,including enhanced HIV disclosure and peer support,are crucial for improving sustained VLS and increasing infant HIV testing uptake to reduce MTCT.展开更多
The Chinese perspective is an open and evolving theoretical system.From a spatiotemporal viewpoint,it can be theoretically distilled into such four dimensions as the world dimension,the historical dimension,the practi...The Chinese perspective is an open and evolving theoretical system.From a spatiotemporal viewpoint,it can be theoretically distilled into such four dimensions as the world dimension,the historical dimension,the practical dimension,and the theoretical dimension,which collectively form a“unified framework of four”of logical construction.The“world”dimension represents the synchronic extension of human rights practices,outwardly touching on the shared values of all humanity guided by relational rationality and the vision of a community with a shared future for humanity.The“historical”dimension reflects the diachronic extension of China’s path of human rights development,encompassing the cultural subjectivity of Chinese civilization and the complex context of modern human rights endeavors.The“practical”dimension serves as the“meta-perspective”of contemporary Chinese perspective on human rights,where the leadership of the Communist Party of China and the people-centered approach constitute the fundamental stance for developing the perspectives of human rights and human rights governance.The“theoretical”dimension focuses on the deconstruction and reconstruction of indigenous human rights notions,emphasizing a set of values that are confident,inclusive,equitable,shared,and forward-looking.The“world”dimension of“taking the world as a method”,provides a reference perspective for“taking China as a method”narrative centered on the“historical-practical-theoretical”framework,while the latter injects a human rights methodology grounded in Chinese wisdom into the former.By integrating these four dimensions,a more profound and comprehensive understanding of the value core and normative paradigm of contemporary Chinese perspective on human rights can be achieved.展开更多
Human dignity is widely regarded as the foundation of modern human rights concepts and norms.The doctrine of human dignity in Chinese culture enjoys a long and profound history,and the pre-Qin assertion that“humans a...Human dignity is widely regarded as the foundation of modern human rights concepts and norms.The doctrine of human dignity in Chinese culture enjoys a long and profound history,and the pre-Qin assertion that“humans are the most precious”is the most representative expression of human dignity.Ancient Chinese scholars’elaboration on dignity was ethically oriented;they affirmed that humans have the freedom to make moral choices in spirit and required them to assume moral responsibilities towards others and society.Since modern times,with the changes of the times and the introduction of Western liberalism,the traditional view of moral dignity has seen a significant expansion of its scope,incorporating freedom in economic,political,and social life into the category of human dignity and establishing a closer connection with human rights.In contemporary China,under the guidance of Marxism,the view of dignity regards the free,comprehensive,and common development of human beings as the intrinsic requirement and external manifestation of human dignity,takes the rights to subsistence and development as the primary and fundamental human rights,and comprehensively safeguards the dignity of every individual through the coordinated protection of economic,political,social,and cultural rights.展开更多
At the 2024 China-Europe Seminar on Human Rights,over 60 experts and scholars from 16 countries gathered to discuss“Safeguarding Emerging Rights:Perspectives from China and Europe.”The seminar highlighted that the g...At the 2024 China-Europe Seminar on Human Rights,over 60 experts and scholars from 16 countries gathered to discuss“Safeguarding Emerging Rights:Perspectives from China and Europe.”The seminar highlighted that the global new round of technological revolution and industrial transformation,along with changes in production methods and social structures,as well as the rising awareness of human rights,have led to the emergence of many new rights.At the same time,these developments have also given traditional human rights new digital forms.The constant emergence of new rights concepts poses challenges to the traditional human rights theoretical framework and has sparked numerous debates within the international community regarding human rights theory and practice.On issues like economic equality and social rights,particularly emerging rights topics such as climate and human rights and digital human rights,countries should focus on balancing the relationship between individuals,society,and nature and seek a path for the sustainable existence and development of humanity.The core principle for protecting emerging rights should be“humanity first,”and true multilateralism should be embraced to prevent imbalances in the global governance of emerging rights.Open and fair cooperation should help build consensus and provide solutions for the global protection of emerging rights.展开更多
During the“Axial Age,”Chinese civilization experienced a distinctive human rights awareness characterized by its endogeneity,autonomy,and originality.This awareness,based primarily on humanism,populism,and naturalis...During the“Axial Age,”Chinese civilization experienced a distinctive human rights awareness characterized by its endogeneity,autonomy,and originality.This awareness,based primarily on humanism,populism,and naturalism,emphasized respect for human beings,highlighting the importance of caring for,respecting,and protecting people,and focusing on“benefiting the people,”“nurturing the people,”“enriching the people,”and“prospering the people.”It reflected an awareness of human rights such as the rights to life,personality,subsistence,development,and environment.This human rights awareness,oriented towards values such as“achieving benevolence,”“valuing goodness,”“revering righteousness,”“cherishing harmony,”and“seeking the public good,”established a cognitive logic that unifies human nature,virtue,and rationality.It featured a human rights spirit that is not dominated by divine authority,based on moral and ethical philosophy,and oriented towards“positive”rights.This awareness delved into the value of being human and the meaning of human existence,demonstrating creativity and innovation,and marking a significant breakthrough in the history of human rights civilization.The ideological wisdom,spiritual strength,and practical pathways contained in this human rights awareness not only laid the foundation for the human rights thought of classical Chinese civilization but are also indispensable for contemporary China’s commitment to the“two combinations”.It holds important practical significance for advancing Chinese modernization and creating a modern human rights civilization for the Chinese nation.展开更多
The basic human rights concepts in Chinese classics mainly encompass three categories:the concept of order and freedom influenced by the worldview of the harmony between humanity and nature,the concept of human subjec...The basic human rights concepts in Chinese classics mainly encompass three categories:the concept of order and freedom influenced by the worldview of the harmony between humanity and nature,the concept of human subjectivity and the source of human rights influenced by the people-oriented or benevolence-oriented values,as well as the concept of the relationship between human rights and state power guided by the outlook on life of the great unity of all under heaven(tianxia).Among them,the concept of order and freedom of the harmony between humanity and nature and modeling itself on nature is more beneficial to the stability and development of human society than the Western concept of order and freedom under“rational choice.”The norm prototype of“Do not do to others what you do not want others to do to you”formed the Article 4 of the French Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen in 1789,and the concepts of“benevolence”and“human superiority”were written into Article 1 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and the preamble of the Declaration of the United Nations Conference on the Human Environment,respectively,which have become the common spiritual wealth of all humankind.The ancient Chinese imperial examination system for selecting virtuous and capable people was basically consistent with the provisions on the political rights of citizens to hold public office stipulated in contemporary human rights documents,and was advanced in the world at that time.The contemporary Chinese system of“the state respects and protects human rights”is a system rooted in the Chinese historical and cultural traditions and is with the superiority of socialism.展开更多
The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development provides a core framework and platform for global development,mainly characterized by the incorporation of human rights protection responsibilities and explicit acknowledgme...The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development provides a core framework and platform for global development,mainly characterized by the incorporation of human rights protection responsibilities and explicit acknowledgment of the shared role of development and human rights in safeguarding human dignity and well-being.Human rights responsibilities require states to prioritize human development within their development agenda,achieve human rights through development,and adhere to human rights principles and standards.Integrating human rights responsibilities into the development agenda not only makes development more comprehensive but also provides legal constraints and monitoring mechanisms for the implementation of development goals.The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development redefines the relationship between development and human rights and is thus closely aligned with China’s practice of advancing sustainable development and human rights protection simultaneously.Guided by the people-centered development philosophy and new development philosophy,China has accomplished the historic tasks of the fight against poverty and the building of a moderately prosperous society in all respects,while significantly enhancing human rights protection.These achievements have provided a unique country-specific experience of“promoting human rights through development”for the implementation of sustainable development goals.展开更多
The current international dissemination of China’s human rights discourse predominantly adopts a“sender-oriented”model,emphasizing the output of human rights discourse by transmitters while overlooking strategy adj...The current international dissemination of China’s human rights discourse predominantly adopts a“sender-oriented”model,emphasizing the output of human rights discourse by transmitters while overlooking strategy adjustments based on audience feedback.To some extent,the current approach has resulted in characteristics such as strong practical implementation but weak discourse,limited theoretical foundation,and insufficient recognition in China’s international human rights communication.Consequently,while China has achieved remarkable progress in its human rights endeavors,human rights issues remain a critical area of stigmatization by some Western countries.An“effect-oriented”mechanism for the international dissemination of China’s human rights discourse,therefore,aims to address this challenge by re-centering the audience as active participants in the communication process.By emphasizing the dual nature of human rights’international communication,this approach leverages the reflexive monitoring of initial transmitters throughout the dissemination process to finally construct a dynamic human rights discourse framework responsive to different time and space contexts.This mechanism directly confronts the diverse backgrounds of global audiences and the resulting varied interpretations of China’s human rights discourse.It advocates for dynamic evaluation of global dissemination outcomes based on audience feedback and the timely adaptation of communication strategies according to context.By doing so,it seeks to effectively advance China’s human rights communication efforts and enhance dissemination efficiency on the global scale.展开更多
Stem cells play a crucial role in maintaining tissue regenerative capacity and homeostasis.However,mechanisms associated with stem cell senescence require further investigation.In this study,we conducted a proteomic a...Stem cells play a crucial role in maintaining tissue regenerative capacity and homeostasis.However,mechanisms associated with stem cell senescence require further investigation.In this study,we conducted a proteomic analysis of human dental pulp stem cells(HDPSCs)obtained from individuals of various ages.Our findings showed that the expression of NUP62 was decreased in aged HDPSCs.We discovered that NUP62 alleviated senescence-associated phenotypes and enhanced differentiation potential both in vitro and in vivo.Conversely,the knocking down of NUP62 expression aggravated the senescence-associated phenotypes and impaired the proliferation and migration capacity of HDPSCs.Through RNA-sequence and decoding the epigenomic landscapes remodeled induced by NUP62 overexpression,we found that NUP62 helps alleviate senescence in HDPSCs by enhancing the nuclear transport of the transcription factor E2F1.This,in turn,stimulates the transcription of the epigenetic enzyme NSD2.Finally,the overexpression of NUP62 influences the H3K36me2 and H3K36me3 modifications of anti-aging genes(HMGA1,HMGA2,and SIRT6).Our results demonstrated that NUP62 regulates the fate of HDPSCs via NSD2-dependent epigenetic reprogramming.展开更多
Interpreting the Universal Declaration of Human Rights from political,juridical and philosophical perspectives is es-sential for promoting the guiding principles of the Declaration,build-ing consensus on human rights,...Interpreting the Universal Declaration of Human Rights from political,juridical and philosophical perspectives is es-sential for promoting the guiding principles of the Declaration,build-ing consensus on human rights,and advancing human rights practice in the new historical context.To conduct an academic,systematic in-terpretation of the Declaration that conforms to the trends of the times and answers the fundamental questions of the world,it is necessary to find a new research paradigm.The common values of humanity,namely peace,development,equity,justice,democracy and freedom,put forward by Xi Jinping,general secretary of the Communist Party of China(CPC)Central Committee,provide the most explanatory and penetrating scientific paradigm for reaching the issue.This paper an-alyzes and reflects on the views,value foundation and principled(con-tractual)consensus of human rights in the Declaration,and narrates and foresees the far-reaching significance of the three global initia-tives(namely,the Global Development Initiative,the Global Security Initiative,and the Global Civilization Initiative)with the common val-ues of humanity as the soul in advancing the modernization of global human rights governance and building a new form of human rights civilization.展开更多
Xi Jinping,general secretary of the Communist Party of China(CPC)Central Committee,stressed that we should adhere to the“two integrations”(namely,integrating the basic tenets of Marxism with China’s specific realit...Xi Jinping,general secretary of the Communist Party of China(CPC)Central Committee,stressed that we should adhere to the“two integrations”(namely,integrating the basic tenets of Marxism with China’s specific realities and fine traditional culture),root ourselves in Chinese soil,carry forward the Chinese cultural heritage,and strengthen the academic foundation.We should accelerate the building of an independent knowledge system for Chinese philosophy and social sciences,and formulate original concepts and develop systems of academic discipline,research and discourse,drawing on China’s rich experience of advancing human rights.In the face of changes of a magnitude not seen in a century,in the historic process of advancing the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation on all fronts through Chinese modernization,we should and must strengthen our theoretical self-consciousness and confidence in the path of Chinese modernization.We need to enhance human rights research,develop the human rights theoretical system and paradigm that are based on Chinese realities and express Chinese voice,and an independent Chinese knowledge system for human rights.展开更多
The Western liberal view of global governance can no longer effectively address the challenges facing the world today or respond to the demands of developing countries in the fields of human rights and development.Mea...The Western liberal view of global governance can no longer effectively address the challenges facing the world today or respond to the demands of developing countries in the fields of human rights and development.Meanwhile,the United Nations human rights and development agenda also has its limitations.Against such a backdrop,China's path of human rights development has avoided the trap of human rights confrontation and the clash of civilizations.It has set an example of complementarity and positive interaction between human rights and development by unifying collective human rights with individual human rights and integrating the universality and particularity of human rights.Xi Jinping,general secretary of the Communist Party of China(CPC)Central Committee,delivered a speech at the 37th group study session of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee on China's Path of Human Rights Development.This elevated China's human rights development to a new historical height.Practice has proved that China's concept and path of human rights in the new era have not only effectively promoted the development of its human rights cause,but also contributed Chinese wisdom to the global cause of human rights and development with a larger concept of human rights.Under the framework of the concept of building a community with a shared future for mankind,the Belt and Road Initiative,and the Global Development Initiative,China has contributed to enhancing the discourse power of developing countries in human rights and building a fairer,more just,more reasonable and more inclusive system for global human rights governance.展开更多
TAU is a microtubule-associated protein that promotes microtubule assembly and stability in the axon.TAU is missorted and aggregated in an array of diseases known as tauopathies.Microtubules are essential for neuronal...TAU is a microtubule-associated protein that promotes microtubule assembly and stability in the axon.TAU is missorted and aggregated in an array of diseases known as tauopathies.Microtubules are essential for neuronal function and regulated via a complex set of post-translational modifications,changes of which affect microtubule stability and dynamics,microtubule interaction with other proteins and cellular structures,and mediate recruitment of microtubule-severing enzymes.As impairment of microtubule dynamics causes neuronal dysfunction,we hypothesize cognitive impairment in human disease to be impacted by impairment of microtubule dynamics.We therefore aimed to study the effects of a disease-causing mutation of TAU(P301L)on the levels and localization of microtubule post-translational modifications indicative of microtubule stability and dynamics,to assess whether P301L-TAU causes stability-changing modifications to microtubules.To investigate TAU localization,phosphorylation,and effects on tubulin post-translational modifications,we expressed wild-type or P301L-TAU in human MAPT-KO induced pluripotent stem cell-derived neurons(i Neurons)and studied TAU in neurons in the hippocampus of mice transgenic for human P301L-TAU(p R5 mice).Human neurons expressing the longest TAU isoform(2N4R)with the P301L mutation showed increased TAU phosphorylation at the AT8,but not the p-Ser-262 epitope,and increased polyglutamylation and acetylation of microtubules compared with endogenous TAU-expressing neurons.P301L-TAU showed pronounced somatodendritic presence,but also successful axonal enrichment and a similar axodendritic distribution comparable to exogenously expressed 2N4R-wildtype-TAU.P301L-TAU-expressing hippocampal neurons in transgenic mice showed prominent missorting and tauopathy-typical AT8-phosphorylation of TAU and increased polyglutamylation,but reduced acetylation,of microtubules compared with non-transgenic littermates.In sum,P301L-TAU results in changes in microtubule PTMs,suggestive of impairment of microtubule stability.This is accompanied by missorting and aggregation of TAU in mice but not in i Neurons.Microtubule PTMs/impairment may be of key importance in tauopathies.展开更多
Human beings are the mainstay and the ultimate goal of civilization.The history of human civilization is a continuous struggle to realize the respect,liberation,protection,and development of humanity.Human rights are ...Human beings are the mainstay and the ultimate goal of civilization.The history of human civilization is a continuous struggle to realize the respect,liberation,protection,and development of humanity.Human rights are an achievement of humanity and a symbol of progress,and the human rights civilization is an important component of human civilization.Understanding and interpreting human rights from the perspective of human rights civilization means that human rights are not only a concept or an idea but also a grand historical and long-term social practice.Up to now,the development of human rights civilization has roughly experienced four awakening eras:initialization,revolution,popularization,and globalization.In terms of its value dimensions,it has the characteristics of progressiveness,diversity,commonality,inclusiveness,indivisibility,openness,and so on.The historical position of human rights civilization and the development of its value dimensions have shown to the world that human rights are the common wealth of humanity,and human rights belong to all mankind;human rights are historical,concrete,and developmental;the concept of human rights is constantly evolving,and its connotations and categories are constantly expanding;achieving the free and well-rounded development of every person is the highest value realm of human rights civilization.The Chinese modernization endows Chinese civilization with modern strength and opens up new horizons for human rights civilization.The new pattern of human rights civilization to be created by Chinese modernization not only possesses the common characteristics of human rights civilization but also enjoys Chinese characteristics based on its own national conditions,enriching and developing the diversity of human rights civilization for all mankind.展开更多
“Upholding Virtue and Exercising Caution in Punishment”(Ming De Shen Fa in Chinese pinyin)is one of the core governance philosophies in ancient Chinese politics.This principle was explicitly proposed by Zhou Gongdan...“Upholding Virtue and Exercising Caution in Punishment”(Ming De Shen Fa in Chinese pinyin)is one of the core governance philosophies in ancient Chinese politics.This principle was explicitly proposed by Zhou Gongdan,a renowned statesman of the early Zhou Dynasty,though its intellectual roots can be traced back to the Yao and Shun periods.Although this principle might not be fully recognized by the rulers of the exploiting class throughout history due to their own limitations,the political ideas and rich connotations behind it,especially as a mature governance concept formed by ancient Chinese politicians more than 4,000 years ago,undoubtedly is of high academic value and theoretical and practical significance.Objectively,this principle has also had a profound impact on the political and legal thinking,moral values,and promotion of social legal civilization in later generations.The analysis and discussion around this concept will play a positive role in the in-depth study of ancient China’s human rights concepts and the construction of contemporary Chinese discourse system of human rights.This article attempts to provide a preliminary summary,collation,analysis,and research from the perspective of political philosophy on the basic meaning,ideological context,and historical origin of social understanding of this concept,especially the human rights ideas contained therein.展开更多
Situated in the semi-arid regions of North China,the Nihewan Basin documents the fluvio-lacustrine sequence and Pleistocene archaeological sites,offering an excellent opportunity to investigate human adaptation to env...Situated in the semi-arid regions of North China,the Nihewan Basin documents the fluvio-lacustrine sequence and Pleistocene archaeological sites,offering an excellent opportunity to investigate human adaptation to environmental change in East Asia,especially in North China.However,paleoenvironmental datasets from Middle Pleistocene archaeological sites are not fully understood.Focusing on the evidence from the 0.63-0.49 Ma-old site of Jijiazhuang(Nihewan Basin,North China),this paper presents the results of various environmental indicators from the site context.Moreover,it explores the links between hominin behavioral adaptations and ecological variability during the extra-long interglacial period in North China.Sedimentological features of the excavated section indicate that the site was formed in the margin of the Nihewan paleolake.Based on well-constructed pollen,sediment grain size,color reflectance,and major geochemical element analyses,five stages of environmental changes were identified during site formation.This study indicates that hominins occupied the site at the early part of Stage 2,when the Nihewan paleolake had a relatively low water level and the climate was temperate,with strong weathering intensity dominated by wooded grassland landscapes.In conclusion,the results suggest that the extra-long duration of interglacial or mild stadial climate events(MISs 15-13)in the Northern Hemisphere may have provided favorable conditions for increased technological innovations and adaptive strategies among Middle Pleistocene hominins in the Nihewan Basin even in North China.展开更多
Objective To explore and quantify the association of hot night exposure during the sperm development period(0–90 lag days) with semen quality.Methods A total of 6,640 male sperm donors from 6 human sperm banks in Chi...Objective To explore and quantify the association of hot night exposure during the sperm development period(0–90 lag days) with semen quality.Methods A total of 6,640 male sperm donors from 6 human sperm banks in China during 2014–2020were recruited in this multicenter study.Two indices(i.e.,hot night excess [HNE] and hot night duration[HND]) were used to estimate the heat intensity and duration during nighttime.Linear mixed models were used to examine the association between hot nights and semen quality parameters.Results The exposure-response relationship revealed that HNE and HND during 0–90 days before semen collection had a significantly inverse association with sperm motility.Specifically,a 1 ℃ increase in HNE was associated with decreased sperm progressive motility of 0.0090(95% confidence interval[CI]:–0.0147,–0.0033) and decreased total motility of 0.0094(95% CI:–0.0160,–0.0029).HND was significantly associated with reduced sperm progressive motility and total motility of 0.0021(95% CI:–0.0040,–0.0003) and 0.0023(95% CI:–0.0043,–0.0002),respectively.Consistent results were observed at different temperature thresholds on hot nights.Conclusion Our findings highlight the need to mitigate nocturnal heat exposure during spermatogenesis to maintain optimal semen quality.展开更多
基金supported by the Belle Carnell Regenerative Neurorehabilitation Fundthe National Institutes of Health(R01NS113935 to CKF)。
文摘Human spinal cord organoids(hSCOs)offer a promising platform to study neurotrauma by addressing many limitations of traditional research models.These organoids provide access to human-specific physiological and genetic mechanisms and can be derived from an individual's somatic cells(e.g.,blood or skin).This enables patient-specific paradigms for precision neurotrauma research,pa rticula rly relevant to the over 300,000 people in the United States living with chronic effects of spinal cord injury(SCI).
基金the National Social Science Fund Major Project“Research on the Background of the Formation,Logical Structure,and Value Orientation of the Chinese Human Rights Knowledge System”(Project Approval Number 24&ZD129)the National Social Science Fund Major Project“Research on General Secretary Xi Jinping’s Important Discourses on Respecting and Protecting Human Rights”(Project Approval Number 22&ZD004).
文摘As a public policy,the Human Rights Action Plan of China provides a clear roadmap for achieving the phased goals of human rights education development.The evolution of human rights education policies over the four editions demonstrates a clear and distinct logic of progression:human rights education in primary and secondary schools has shifted from fostering students’awareness of human rights to establishing human rights values;human rights education in higher education has transitioned from the construction of single human rights course to the systematic development of human rights disciplines;human rights knowledge training has evolved from disseminating basic human rights knowledge among legal and political workers to cultivating a human rights mindset among public officials;and the popularization of human rights knowledge has moved from enhancing communication effectiveness to strengthening cultural confidence in human rights.These shifts reflect the characteristics of the policy evolution of human rights education,which are unified in their gradual and continuous nature,responsiveness and forward-looking nature,and value-oriented and contemporary nature.Fundamentally,the gap between the current state of human rights education development and policy goals serves as the intrinsic driving force for the evolution of human rights education policies.While the external factors influencing the evolution of policy content mainly include the human rights cause’s contemporary context,historical achievements,and current needs.Looking ahead to the future development of human rights education,it is essential to continuously innovate human rights teaching methods,enrich the content of human rights education,improve relevant institutional guarantee mechanisms,strengthen the construction of multi-stakeholder collaborative human rights education teams,compile and publish high-quality human rights textbooks,and increase the intensity of human rights knowledge training for journalists,in order to create a favorable public opinion atmosphere and cultural environment for the development of China’s human rights cause in the new era.
基金a phased result funded by the Special Funds for Basic Scientific Research Expenses of Universities under the Central Government(24CXTD01).
文摘In 2024,China’s human rights research has assumed a distinct“autonomy-oriented shift,”with scholars beginning to refine and construct uniquely Chinese and locally identifiable human rights concepts,categories,and discourses.Building an independent human rights knowledge system has become a core academic focus in China’s human rights research field.Upholding fundamental principles and breaking new ground are the key methodological principles for the process.China’s human rights research should be rooted in the“cultural lineage”by preserving the essence of fine traditional Chinese culture,guided by the“moral lineage”by adhering to the Marxist view on human rights,and anchored in the“Four-sphere Confidence”by upholding a distinct human rights development path,so as to define the historical coordinates and value stance of China’s independent human rights knowledge system.Meanwhile,it should maintain a high degree of openness in knowledge,theory,and methodology to address emerging rights demands and contribute to building a new global human rights governance order,so as to underscore the mission of China’s independent human rights knowledge system in the contemporary era and China’s responsibility as a major global actor.China’s human rights research should uphold the dialectical unity between the fundamental principles and innovations,and advance the systemic and theoretical interpretation of its independent human rights knowledge.
文摘BACKGROUND To prevent mother to child transmission(MTCT)of human immunodeficiency virus(HIV),sustained maternal viral load suppression(VLS)and early HIV testing among HIV exposed infants(HEI)is critical.AIM To investigate maternal viral load results and infant HIV testing uptake at 6-weeks,and 9-months and 18-months in Rwanda.METHODS Between 2015 and 2022,VLS(<200 copies/mL)was measured among pregnant women living with HIV(WLHIV)from 38-healthcare facilities.Viral loads(VL)were measured at 6-months,12-months and 24-months,respectively.For maternal VL,the unit of analysis was visit-pair,and the pairs were created to define those with VL<200 copies/mL at two consecutive visits as having sustained VLS,persistent viremia(VL≥200 copies/mL at two consecutive visits),viral rebound(VL<200 copies/mL at prior visit only)and newly suppressed(VL<200 copies/mL at subsequent visit only).HEI were considered to have persistent HIV testing if they had all three HIV tests.Poisson regression models with generalized estimating equations were used to estimate the adjusted incidence rate ratio(aIRR)and 95%CI for factors associated with sustained VLS and persistent HIV testing.RESULTS A total of 1145 mother-infant pairs were analyzed.Infant HIV testing uptake at 6-weeks,9-months and 18-months was 1145(100.0%),1089(95.1%),1006(87.9%)respectively.Nine hundred ninety-nine HEI(87.3%)tested for HIV persistently.At 18-months,the incidence of HIV among HEI was 8(0.7%).Of 1145 mothers,1076(94.0%)had≥2 VL results making a total of 2010 visit-pairs(142-single;934-double visit-pairs).The incidence rate of sustained VLS,persistent viremia,viral rebound and new suppression were 91.0%,1.3%,3.6%and 4.0%respectively.Maternal disclosure of HIV status(aIRR=1.08,95%CI:1.02-1.14)was associated with increased likelihood of sustained VLS.Having peer support(aIRR=1.0595%CI:1.01-1.10)was associated with persistent HIV testing among HEI.CONCLUSION Sustained VLS is high among pregnant WLHIV in Rwanda.The low incidence of HIV among HEI may be attributed to high VLS levels.Targeted interventions,including enhanced HIV disclosure and peer support,are crucial for improving sustained VLS and increasing infant HIV testing uptake to reduce MTCT.
基金This paper is a phased achievement of the Major Project of the Key Research Base for Humanities and Social Sciences of the Ministry of Education in 2024,titled“Theoretical Legal Studies in the Field of Human Rights”(Project Approval Number 24JJD820002).
文摘The Chinese perspective is an open and evolving theoretical system.From a spatiotemporal viewpoint,it can be theoretically distilled into such four dimensions as the world dimension,the historical dimension,the practical dimension,and the theoretical dimension,which collectively form a“unified framework of four”of logical construction.The“world”dimension represents the synchronic extension of human rights practices,outwardly touching on the shared values of all humanity guided by relational rationality and the vision of a community with a shared future for humanity.The“historical”dimension reflects the diachronic extension of China’s path of human rights development,encompassing the cultural subjectivity of Chinese civilization and the complex context of modern human rights endeavors.The“practical”dimension serves as the“meta-perspective”of contemporary Chinese perspective on human rights,where the leadership of the Communist Party of China and the people-centered approach constitute the fundamental stance for developing the perspectives of human rights and human rights governance.The“theoretical”dimension focuses on the deconstruction and reconstruction of indigenous human rights notions,emphasizing a set of values that are confident,inclusive,equitable,shared,and forward-looking.The“world”dimension of“taking the world as a method”,provides a reference perspective for“taking China as a method”narrative centered on the“historical-practical-theoretical”framework,while the latter injects a human rights methodology grounded in Chinese wisdom into the former.By integrating these four dimensions,a more profound and comprehensive understanding of the value core and normative paradigm of contemporary Chinese perspective on human rights can be achieved.
基金“Research on the Content and Realization Methods of Citizens’Participation Rights,”a major project(Project Number 21JJD820003)funded by the National Human Rights Education and Training Base of the Ministry of Education of China.
文摘Human dignity is widely regarded as the foundation of modern human rights concepts and norms.The doctrine of human dignity in Chinese culture enjoys a long and profound history,and the pre-Qin assertion that“humans are the most precious”is the most representative expression of human dignity.Ancient Chinese scholars’elaboration on dignity was ethically oriented;they affirmed that humans have the freedom to make moral choices in spirit and required them to assume moral responsibilities towards others and society.Since modern times,with the changes of the times and the introduction of Western liberalism,the traditional view of moral dignity has seen a significant expansion of its scope,incorporating freedom in economic,political,and social life into the category of human dignity and establishing a closer connection with human rights.In contemporary China,under the guidance of Marxism,the view of dignity regards the free,comprehensive,and common development of human beings as the intrinsic requirement and external manifestation of human dignity,takes the rights to subsistence and development as the primary and fundamental human rights,and comprehensively safeguards the dignity of every individual through the coordinated protection of economic,political,social,and cultural rights.
基金This paper is a phased achievement of the Major Philosophy and Social Sciences Project of the Ministry of Education,titled“Research on General Secretary Xi Jinping’s Important Discourse on Respecting and Protecting Human Rights”(Project Number 22JZD002).
文摘At the 2024 China-Europe Seminar on Human Rights,over 60 experts and scholars from 16 countries gathered to discuss“Safeguarding Emerging Rights:Perspectives from China and Europe.”The seminar highlighted that the global new round of technological revolution and industrial transformation,along with changes in production methods and social structures,as well as the rising awareness of human rights,have led to the emergence of many new rights.At the same time,these developments have also given traditional human rights new digital forms.The constant emergence of new rights concepts poses challenges to the traditional human rights theoretical framework and has sparked numerous debates within the international community regarding human rights theory and practice.On issues like economic equality and social rights,particularly emerging rights topics such as climate and human rights and digital human rights,countries should focus on balancing the relationship between individuals,society,and nature and seek a path for the sustainable existence and development of humanity.The core principle for protecting emerging rights should be“humanity first,”and true multilateralism should be embraced to prevent imbalances in the global governance of emerging rights.Open and fair cooperation should help build consensus and provide solutions for the global protection of emerging rights.
基金the Major Project of the National Social Science Fund of China,entitled“Research on the Generative Context,Construction Logic,and Value Orientation of China’s Human Rights Knowledge System”(Project Approval Number 24&ZD129).
文摘During the“Axial Age,”Chinese civilization experienced a distinctive human rights awareness characterized by its endogeneity,autonomy,and originality.This awareness,based primarily on humanism,populism,and naturalism,emphasized respect for human beings,highlighting the importance of caring for,respecting,and protecting people,and focusing on“benefiting the people,”“nurturing the people,”“enriching the people,”and“prospering the people.”It reflected an awareness of human rights such as the rights to life,personality,subsistence,development,and environment.This human rights awareness,oriented towards values such as“achieving benevolence,”“valuing goodness,”“revering righteousness,”“cherishing harmony,”and“seeking the public good,”established a cognitive logic that unifies human nature,virtue,and rationality.It featured a human rights spirit that is not dominated by divine authority,based on moral and ethical philosophy,and oriented towards“positive”rights.This awareness delved into the value of being human and the meaning of human existence,demonstrating creativity and innovation,and marking a significant breakthrough in the history of human rights civilization.The ideological wisdom,spiritual strength,and practical pathways contained in this human rights awareness not only laid the foundation for the human rights thought of classical Chinese civilization but are also indispensable for contemporary China’s commitment to the“two combinations”.It holds important practical significance for advancing Chinese modernization and creating a modern human rights civilization for the Chinese nation.
文摘The basic human rights concepts in Chinese classics mainly encompass three categories:the concept of order and freedom influenced by the worldview of the harmony between humanity and nature,the concept of human subjectivity and the source of human rights influenced by the people-oriented or benevolence-oriented values,as well as the concept of the relationship between human rights and state power guided by the outlook on life of the great unity of all under heaven(tianxia).Among them,the concept of order and freedom of the harmony between humanity and nature and modeling itself on nature is more beneficial to the stability and development of human society than the Western concept of order and freedom under“rational choice.”The norm prototype of“Do not do to others what you do not want others to do to you”formed the Article 4 of the French Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen in 1789,and the concepts of“benevolence”and“human superiority”were written into Article 1 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and the preamble of the Declaration of the United Nations Conference on the Human Environment,respectively,which have become the common spiritual wealth of all humankind.The ancient Chinese imperial examination system for selecting virtuous and capable people was basically consistent with the provisions on the political rights of citizens to hold public office stipulated in contemporary human rights documents,and was advanced in the world at that time.The contemporary Chinese system of“the state respects and protects human rights”is a system rooted in the Chinese historical and cultural traditions and is with the superiority of socialism.
文摘The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development provides a core framework and platform for global development,mainly characterized by the incorporation of human rights protection responsibilities and explicit acknowledgment of the shared role of development and human rights in safeguarding human dignity and well-being.Human rights responsibilities require states to prioritize human development within their development agenda,achieve human rights through development,and adhere to human rights principles and standards.Integrating human rights responsibilities into the development agenda not only makes development more comprehensive but also provides legal constraints and monitoring mechanisms for the implementation of development goals.The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development redefines the relationship between development and human rights and is thus closely aligned with China’s practice of advancing sustainable development and human rights protection simultaneously.Guided by the people-centered development philosophy and new development philosophy,China has accomplished the historic tasks of the fight against poverty and the building of a moderately prosperous society in all respects,while significantly enhancing human rights protection.These achievements have provided a unique country-specific experience of“promoting human rights through development”for the implementation of sustainable development goals.
基金This paper is a phased outcome of the“Research on the Strategy to Improve the Mechanism for the International Dissemination of China’s Human Rights Discourse”(22JJD820045),a key research project of the National Human Rights Education and Training Base under China’s Ministry of Education.
文摘The current international dissemination of China’s human rights discourse predominantly adopts a“sender-oriented”model,emphasizing the output of human rights discourse by transmitters while overlooking strategy adjustments based on audience feedback.To some extent,the current approach has resulted in characteristics such as strong practical implementation but weak discourse,limited theoretical foundation,and insufficient recognition in China’s international human rights communication.Consequently,while China has achieved remarkable progress in its human rights endeavors,human rights issues remain a critical area of stigmatization by some Western countries.An“effect-oriented”mechanism for the international dissemination of China’s human rights discourse,therefore,aims to address this challenge by re-centering the audience as active participants in the communication process.By emphasizing the dual nature of human rights’international communication,this approach leverages the reflexive monitoring of initial transmitters throughout the dissemination process to finally construct a dynamic human rights discourse framework responsive to different time and space contexts.This mechanism directly confronts the diverse backgrounds of global audiences and the resulting varied interpretations of China’s human rights discourse.It advocates for dynamic evaluation of global dissemination outcomes based on audience feedback and the timely adaptation of communication strategies according to context.By doing so,it seeks to effectively advance China’s human rights communication efforts and enhance dissemination efficiency on the global scale.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32171347)the Foundation of Leading Talents from Shanghai Health Commission(2022XD038)+1 种基金Training Program for Research Physicians in Innovation,the Funda-mental Research Funds for the Central Universities(YG2023QNA23)Transforma-tion from shanghai hospital development center(SHDC2022CRD002).
文摘Stem cells play a crucial role in maintaining tissue regenerative capacity and homeostasis.However,mechanisms associated with stem cell senescence require further investigation.In this study,we conducted a proteomic analysis of human dental pulp stem cells(HDPSCs)obtained from individuals of various ages.Our findings showed that the expression of NUP62 was decreased in aged HDPSCs.We discovered that NUP62 alleviated senescence-associated phenotypes and enhanced differentiation potential both in vitro and in vivo.Conversely,the knocking down of NUP62 expression aggravated the senescence-associated phenotypes and impaired the proliferation and migration capacity of HDPSCs.Through RNA-sequence and decoding the epigenomic landscapes remodeled induced by NUP62 overexpression,we found that NUP62 helps alleviate senescence in HDPSCs by enhancing the nuclear transport of the transcription factor E2F1.This,in turn,stimulates the transcription of the epigenetic enzyme NSD2.Finally,the overexpression of NUP62 influences the H3K36me2 and H3K36me3 modifications of anti-aging genes(HMGA1,HMGA2,and SIRT6).Our results demonstrated that NUP62 regulates the fate of HDPSCs via NSD2-dependent epigenetic reprogramming.
基金the major special project of the Ministry of Education for Philosophy and Social Science Research,“Research on the Basic Theory and Core Essence of Xi Jinping Thought on the Rule of Law”(Project Approv-al Number 2022JZDZ001).
文摘Interpreting the Universal Declaration of Human Rights from political,juridical and philosophical perspectives is es-sential for promoting the guiding principles of the Declaration,build-ing consensus on human rights,and advancing human rights practice in the new historical context.To conduct an academic,systematic in-terpretation of the Declaration that conforms to the trends of the times and answers the fundamental questions of the world,it is necessary to find a new research paradigm.The common values of humanity,namely peace,development,equity,justice,democracy and freedom,put forward by Xi Jinping,general secretary of the Communist Party of China(CPC)Central Committee,provide the most explanatory and penetrating scientific paradigm for reaching the issue.This paper an-alyzes and reflects on the views,value foundation and principled(con-tractual)consensus of human rights in the Declaration,and narrates and foresees the far-reaching significance of the three global initia-tives(namely,the Global Development Initiative,the Global Security Initiative,and the Global Civilization Initiative)with the common val-ues of humanity as the soul in advancing the modernization of global human rights governance and building a new form of human rights civilization.
文摘Xi Jinping,general secretary of the Communist Party of China(CPC)Central Committee,stressed that we should adhere to the“two integrations”(namely,integrating the basic tenets of Marxism with China’s specific realities and fine traditional culture),root ourselves in Chinese soil,carry forward the Chinese cultural heritage,and strengthen the academic foundation.We should accelerate the building of an independent knowledge system for Chinese philosophy and social sciences,and formulate original concepts and develop systems of academic discipline,research and discourse,drawing on China’s rich experience of advancing human rights.In the face of changes of a magnitude not seen in a century,in the historic process of advancing the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation on all fronts through Chinese modernization,we should and must strengthen our theoretical self-consciousness and confidence in the path of Chinese modernization.We need to enhance human rights research,develop the human rights theoretical system and paradigm that are based on Chinese realities and express Chinese voice,and an independent Chinese knowledge system for human rights.
基金Supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(24CX-TDO1)。
文摘The Western liberal view of global governance can no longer effectively address the challenges facing the world today or respond to the demands of developing countries in the fields of human rights and development.Meanwhile,the United Nations human rights and development agenda also has its limitations.Against such a backdrop,China's path of human rights development has avoided the trap of human rights confrontation and the clash of civilizations.It has set an example of complementarity and positive interaction between human rights and development by unifying collective human rights with individual human rights and integrating the universality and particularity of human rights.Xi Jinping,general secretary of the Communist Party of China(CPC)Central Committee,delivered a speech at the 37th group study session of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee on China's Path of Human Rights Development.This elevated China's human rights development to a new historical height.Practice has proved that China's concept and path of human rights in the new era have not only effectively promoted the development of its human rights cause,but also contributed Chinese wisdom to the global cause of human rights and development with a larger concept of human rights.Under the framework of the concept of building a community with a shared future for mankind,the Belt and Road Initiative,and the Global Development Initiative,China has contributed to enhancing the discourse power of developing countries in human rights and building a fairer,more just,more reasonable and more inclusive system for global human rights governance.
基金supported by the Koeln Fortune Program/Faculty of Medicine,University of Cologne,the Alzheimer Forschung Initiative e.V.(grant#22039,to HZ)open-access funding from the DFG/GRC issued to the University of CologneAlzheimer Forschung Initiative e.V.for Open Access Publishing(a publication grant#P2401,to MAAK)。
文摘TAU is a microtubule-associated protein that promotes microtubule assembly and stability in the axon.TAU is missorted and aggregated in an array of diseases known as tauopathies.Microtubules are essential for neuronal function and regulated via a complex set of post-translational modifications,changes of which affect microtubule stability and dynamics,microtubule interaction with other proteins and cellular structures,and mediate recruitment of microtubule-severing enzymes.As impairment of microtubule dynamics causes neuronal dysfunction,we hypothesize cognitive impairment in human disease to be impacted by impairment of microtubule dynamics.We therefore aimed to study the effects of a disease-causing mutation of TAU(P301L)on the levels and localization of microtubule post-translational modifications indicative of microtubule stability and dynamics,to assess whether P301L-TAU causes stability-changing modifications to microtubules.To investigate TAU localization,phosphorylation,and effects on tubulin post-translational modifications,we expressed wild-type or P301L-TAU in human MAPT-KO induced pluripotent stem cell-derived neurons(i Neurons)and studied TAU in neurons in the hippocampus of mice transgenic for human P301L-TAU(p R5 mice).Human neurons expressing the longest TAU isoform(2N4R)with the P301L mutation showed increased TAU phosphorylation at the AT8,but not the p-Ser-262 epitope,and increased polyglutamylation and acetylation of microtubules compared with endogenous TAU-expressing neurons.P301L-TAU showed pronounced somatodendritic presence,but also successful axonal enrichment and a similar axodendritic distribution comparable to exogenously expressed 2N4R-wildtype-TAU.P301L-TAU-expressing hippocampal neurons in transgenic mice showed prominent missorting and tauopathy-typical AT8-phosphorylation of TAU and increased polyglutamylation,but reduced acetylation,of microtubules compared with non-transgenic littermates.In sum,P301L-TAU results in changes in microtubule PTMs,suggestive of impairment of microtubule stability.This is accompanied by missorting and aggregation of TAU in mice but not in i Neurons.Microtubule PTMs/impairment may be of key importance in tauopathies.
基金part of“Research on Contemporary Chinese Outlook on Human Rights,”a major project of the Marxist theoretical research and development project(Project Approval Number 2O23MZDO25)“Research on the New Form of Chinese Human Rights Civilization,”a key project of The National Social Science Fund of China(Project Approval Number 21AZDO095)the Jilin University Philosophy and Social Science Research Innovation Team’s“Theoretical Interpretation and Discourse Shaping of the Chinese Human Rights Road”(Project Approval Number 2022CXTD05)。
文摘Human beings are the mainstay and the ultimate goal of civilization.The history of human civilization is a continuous struggle to realize the respect,liberation,protection,and development of humanity.Human rights are an achievement of humanity and a symbol of progress,and the human rights civilization is an important component of human civilization.Understanding and interpreting human rights from the perspective of human rights civilization means that human rights are not only a concept or an idea but also a grand historical and long-term social practice.Up to now,the development of human rights civilization has roughly experienced four awakening eras:initialization,revolution,popularization,and globalization.In terms of its value dimensions,it has the characteristics of progressiveness,diversity,commonality,inclusiveness,indivisibility,openness,and so on.The historical position of human rights civilization and the development of its value dimensions have shown to the world that human rights are the common wealth of humanity,and human rights belong to all mankind;human rights are historical,concrete,and developmental;the concept of human rights is constantly evolving,and its connotations and categories are constantly expanding;achieving the free and well-rounded development of every person is the highest value realm of human rights civilization.The Chinese modernization endows Chinese civilization with modern strength and opens up new horizons for human rights civilization.The new pattern of human rights civilization to be created by Chinese modernization not only possesses the common characteristics of human rights civilization but also enjoys Chinese characteristics based on its own national conditions,enriching and developing the diversity of human rights civilization for all mankind.
文摘“Upholding Virtue and Exercising Caution in Punishment”(Ming De Shen Fa in Chinese pinyin)is one of the core governance philosophies in ancient Chinese politics.This principle was explicitly proposed by Zhou Gongdan,a renowned statesman of the early Zhou Dynasty,though its intellectual roots can be traced back to the Yao and Shun periods.Although this principle might not be fully recognized by the rulers of the exploiting class throughout history due to their own limitations,the political ideas and rich connotations behind it,especially as a mature governance concept formed by ancient Chinese politicians more than 4,000 years ago,undoubtedly is of high academic value and theoretical and practical significance.Objectively,this principle has also had a profound impact on the political and legal thinking,moral values,and promotion of social legal civilization in later generations.The analysis and discussion around this concept will play a positive role in the in-depth study of ancient China’s human rights concepts and the construction of contemporary Chinese discourse system of human rights.This article attempts to provide a preliminary summary,collation,analysis,and research from the perspective of political philosophy on the basic meaning,ideological context,and historical origin of social understanding of this concept,especially the human rights ideas contained therein.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.42371165,No.41872029。
文摘Situated in the semi-arid regions of North China,the Nihewan Basin documents the fluvio-lacustrine sequence and Pleistocene archaeological sites,offering an excellent opportunity to investigate human adaptation to environmental change in East Asia,especially in North China.However,paleoenvironmental datasets from Middle Pleistocene archaeological sites are not fully understood.Focusing on the evidence from the 0.63-0.49 Ma-old site of Jijiazhuang(Nihewan Basin,North China),this paper presents the results of various environmental indicators from the site context.Moreover,it explores the links between hominin behavioral adaptations and ecological variability during the extra-long interglacial period in North China.Sedimentological features of the excavated section indicate that the site was formed in the margin of the Nihewan paleolake.Based on well-constructed pollen,sediment grain size,color reflectance,and major geochemical element analyses,five stages of environmental changes were identified during site formation.This study indicates that hominins occupied the site at the early part of Stage 2,when the Nihewan paleolake had a relatively low water level and the climate was temperate,with strong weathering intensity dominated by wooded grassland landscapes.In conclusion,the results suggest that the extra-long duration of interglacial or mild stadial climate events(MISs 15-13)in the Northern Hemisphere may have provided favorable conditions for increased technological innovations and adaptive strategies among Middle Pleistocene hominins in the Nihewan Basin even in North China.
基金funded by the Guangdong Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(No.2022A1515011517).
文摘Objective To explore and quantify the association of hot night exposure during the sperm development period(0–90 lag days) with semen quality.Methods A total of 6,640 male sperm donors from 6 human sperm banks in China during 2014–2020were recruited in this multicenter study.Two indices(i.e.,hot night excess [HNE] and hot night duration[HND]) were used to estimate the heat intensity and duration during nighttime.Linear mixed models were used to examine the association between hot nights and semen quality parameters.Results The exposure-response relationship revealed that HNE and HND during 0–90 days before semen collection had a significantly inverse association with sperm motility.Specifically,a 1 ℃ increase in HNE was associated with decreased sperm progressive motility of 0.0090(95% confidence interval[CI]:–0.0147,–0.0033) and decreased total motility of 0.0094(95% CI:–0.0160,–0.0029).HND was significantly associated with reduced sperm progressive motility and total motility of 0.0021(95% CI:–0.0040,–0.0003) and 0.0023(95% CI:–0.0043,–0.0002),respectively.Consistent results were observed at different temperature thresholds on hot nights.Conclusion Our findings highlight the need to mitigate nocturnal heat exposure during spermatogenesis to maintain optimal semen quality.
