Cardiovascular disease is a major cause of morbidity and mortality throughout the world. Most cardiovascular diseases, such as ischemic heart disease and cardiomyopathy, are associated with loss of functional cardiomy...Cardiovascular disease is a major cause of morbidity and mortality throughout the world. Most cardiovascular diseases, such as ischemic heart disease and cardiomyopathy, are associated with loss of functional cardiomyocytes. Unfortunately, the heart has a limited regenerative capacity and is not able to replace these cardiomyocytes once lost. In recent years, stem cells have been put forward as a potential source for cardiac regeneration. Pre-clinical studies that use stem cell-derived cardiac cells show promising results. The mechanisms,though, are not well understood, results have been variable, sometimes transient in the long term, and often without a mechanistic explanation.There are still severalmajor hurdles to be taken. Stem cell-derived cardiac cells should resemble original cardiac cell types and be able to integrate in the damaged heart. Integration requires administration of stem cell-derived cardiac cells at the right time using the right mode of delivery. Once delivered, transplanted cells need vascularization, electrophysiological coupling with the injured heart, and prevention of immunological rejection. Finally, stem cell therapy needs to be safe, reproducible, and affordable. In this review, we will give an introduction to the principles of stem cell based cardiac repair.展开更多
Adult tissue-derived organoids allow for the expansion and maintenance of primary epithelial cells in a near-native state.These 3D and self-organizing organotypic cultures derived from adult tissues have been increasi...Adult tissue-derived organoids allow for the expansion and maintenance of primary epithelial cells in a near-native state.These 3D and self-organizing organotypic cultures derived from adult tissues have been increasingly used in fundamental and translational research.A key feature of this organoid system is that it recapitulates the stem cell lineage and thus,the differentiated cell-type heterogeneity of the in vivo tissue of origin.展开更多
Plants need to respond quickly and appropriately to various types of light signals from the environment to optimize growth and development. The immediate response to shading, reduced photon flux （low light）, and cha...Plants need to respond quickly and appropriately to various types of light signals from the environment to optimize growth and development. The immediate response to shading, reduced photon flux （low light）, and changes in spectral quality involves changes in gene regulation. In the case of more persistent shade, the plant shows a dramatic change in the organization of chromatin. Both plant responses are controlled via photoreceptor signaling proteins. Re- cently, several studies have revealed similar features of chromatin reorganization in response to various abiotic and biotic signals, while others have unveiled intricate molecular networks of light signaling towards gene regulation. This opinion paper briefly describes the chromatin （de）compaction response from a light-signaling perspective to provide a link be- tween chromatin and the molecular network of photoreceptors and E3 ubiquitin ligase complexes.展开更多
The gastrointestinal(GI)tract's primary role is food digestion,relying on coordinated fluid secretion and bowel movements triggered by mechanosensation.Enteroendocrine cells(EECs)are specialized mechanosensitive c...The gastrointestinal(GI)tract's primary role is food digestion,relying on coordinated fluid secretion and bowel movements triggered by mechanosensation.Enteroendocrine cells(EECs)are specialized mechanosensitive cells that convert mechanical forces into electrochemical signals,culminating in serotonin release to regulate GI motility.Despite their pivotal role,knowledge of EEC mechanical properties has been lacking due to their rarity and limited accessibility.In this brief report,we present the first single-cell mechanical characterization of human ECCs isolated from healthy intestinal organoids.Using single-cell optical tweezers,we measured EEC stiffness profiles at the physiological temperature and investigated changes following tryptophan metabolism inhibition.Our findings not only shed light on EEC mechanics but also highlight the potential of adult stem cell-derived organoids for studying these elusive cells.展开更多
文摘Cardiovascular disease is a major cause of morbidity and mortality throughout the world. Most cardiovascular diseases, such as ischemic heart disease and cardiomyopathy, are associated with loss of functional cardiomyocytes. Unfortunately, the heart has a limited regenerative capacity and is not able to replace these cardiomyocytes once lost. In recent years, stem cells have been put forward as a potential source for cardiac regeneration. Pre-clinical studies that use stem cell-derived cardiac cells show promising results. The mechanisms,though, are not well understood, results have been variable, sometimes transient in the long term, and often without a mechanistic explanation.There are still severalmajor hurdles to be taken. Stem cell-derived cardiac cells should resemble original cardiac cell types and be able to integrate in the damaged heart. Integration requires administration of stem cell-derived cardiac cells at the right time using the right mode of delivery. Once delivered, transplanted cells need vascularization, electrophysiological coupling with the injured heart, and prevention of immunological rejection. Finally, stem cell therapy needs to be safe, reproducible, and affordable. In this review, we will give an introduction to the principles of stem cell based cardiac repair.
基金This work was supported by the European Research Council under ERC Advanced Grant Agreement no.67013(H.C.and K.B.)。
文摘Adult tissue-derived organoids allow for the expansion and maintenance of primary epithelial cells in a near-native state.These 3D and self-organizing organotypic cultures derived from adult tissues have been increasingly used in fundamental and translational research.A key feature of this organoid system is that it recapitulates the stem cell lineage and thus,the differentiated cell-type heterogeneity of the in vivo tissue of origin.
文摘Plants need to respond quickly and appropriately to various types of light signals from the environment to optimize growth and development. The immediate response to shading, reduced photon flux （low light）, and changes in spectral quality involves changes in gene regulation. In the case of more persistent shade, the plant shows a dramatic change in the organization of chromatin. Both plant responses are controlled via photoreceptor signaling proteins. Re- cently, several studies have revealed similar features of chromatin reorganization in response to various abiotic and biotic signals, while others have unveiled intricate molecular networks of light signaling towards gene regulation. This opinion paper briefly describes the chromatin （de）compaction response from a light-signaling perspective to provide a link be- tween chromatin and the molecular network of photoreceptors and E3 ubiquitin ligase complexes.
文摘The gastrointestinal(GI)tract's primary role is food digestion,relying on coordinated fluid secretion and bowel movements triggered by mechanosensation.Enteroendocrine cells(EECs)are specialized mechanosensitive cells that convert mechanical forces into electrochemical signals,culminating in serotonin release to regulate GI motility.Despite their pivotal role,knowledge of EEC mechanical properties has been lacking due to their rarity and limited accessibility.In this brief report,we present the first single-cell mechanical characterization of human ECCs isolated from healthy intestinal organoids.Using single-cell optical tweezers,we measured EEC stiffness profiles at the physiological temperature and investigated changes following tryptophan metabolism inhibition.Our findings not only shed light on EEC mechanics but also highlight the potential of adult stem cell-derived organoids for studying these elusive cells.
