This paper discusses the development characteristics of urban horticulture under the background of smart agriculture,as well as the application of artificial intelligence technology in it.It analyzes the importance of...This paper discusses the development characteristics of urban horticulture under the background of smart agriculture,as well as the application of artificial intelligence technology in it.It analyzes the importance of highly skilled talents in urban agriculture in the era of smart agriculture and their cultivation pathways and practices.It proposes measures such as building multi-level practical teaching platforms,implementing the“Enjoy Horticulture”series of high-quality activities,and establishing the“1234”applied talent training model to cultivate high-quality talents that meet the development needs of modern urban horticulture industry.Taking Beijing University of Agriculture and other universities as examples,the paper analyzes the practical cases and effects of the urban horticulture discipline’s industry-education-research collaborative talent training model,which has reference significance for further improving and perfecting the urban horticulture industry-education-research collaborative talent training plan.展开更多
Using the curriculum of horticultural plant pathology as a starting point,this paper investigates the collaborative education model of"curriculum ideology and politics+innovation and entrepreneurship".It exp...Using the curriculum of horticultural plant pathology as a starting point,this paper investigates the collaborative education model of"curriculum ideology and politics+innovation and entrepreneurship".It expounds the necessity of constructing this model,proposes implementation paths from aspects such as the integration of ideological and political elements,the cultivation of innovation and entrepreneurship capabilities,and the construction of a collaborative education mechanism.Furthermore,it analyzes the practical effects,challenges encountered,and corresponding response strategies,thereby offering a valuable reference for the training of professionals in horticulture.展开更多
Horticultural products such as fruits,vegetables,and tea offer a range of important nutrients such as protein,carbohydrates,vitamins and lipids.However,the present yield and quality do not meet the requirements of the...Horticultural products such as fruits,vegetables,and tea offer a range of important nutrients such as protein,carbohydrates,vitamins and lipids.However,the present yield and quality do not meet the requirements of the rapid population growth associated with global climate change,the decline in horticultural practitioners,poor automation,and epidemic diseases such as COVID-19.In this context,smart horticulture is expected to greatly improve the land output rates,resource-use efficiency,and productivity,all of which should facilitate the sustainable development of the horticulture industry.Emerging technologies,such as artificial intelligence,big data,the Internet of Things,and cloud computing,play an important role.This paper reviews past developments and current challenges,offering future perspectives for horticultural chain management.We expect that the horticulture industry would benefit from integration with smart technologies.This requires the use of novel solutions to build a new advanced system encompassing smart breeding,smart cultivation,smart transportation,and smart sales.Finally,a new development approach combining precise perception,smart operation,and smart control should be instituted in the horticulture industry.Within 30 years,we expect that the industry will embrace mechanical,automatic,and informational production to transform into a smart industry.展开更多
Directed breeding of horticultural crops is essential for increasing yield,nutritional content,and consumer-valued characteristics such as shape and color of the produce.However,limited genetic diversity restricts the...Directed breeding of horticultural crops is essential for increasing yield,nutritional content,and consumer-valued characteristics such as shape and color of the produce.However,limited genetic diversity restricts the amount of crop improvement that can be achieved through conventional breeding approaches.Natural genetic changes in cisregulatory regions of genes play important roles in shaping phenotypic diversity by altering their expression.Utilization of CRISPR/Cas editing in crop species can accelerate crop improvement through the introduction of genetic variation in a targeted manner.The advent of CRISPR/Cas-mediated cis-regulatory region engineering(cis-engineering)provides a more refined method for modulating gene expression and creating phenotypic diversity to benefit crop improvement.Here,we focus on the current applications of CRISPR/Cas-mediated cis-engineering in horticultural crops.We describe strategies and limitations for its use in crop improvement,including de novo cis-regulatory element(CRE)discovery,precise genome editing,and transgene-free genome editing.In addition,we discuss the challenges and prospects regarding current technologies and achievements.CRISPR/Cas-mediated cis-engineering is a critical tool for generating horticultural crops that are better able to adapt to climate change and providing food for an increasing world population.展开更多
The deficient agricultural water caused by water shortage is a crucial limiting factor of horticultural production.Among many agricultural water-saving technologies,regulated deficit irrigation(RDI)has been proven to ...The deficient agricultural water caused by water shortage is a crucial limiting factor of horticultural production.Among many agricultural water-saving technologies,regulated deficit irrigation(RDI)has been proven to be one of the effective technologies to improve water use efficiency and reduce water waste on the premise of maintaining the quality of agricultural products.RDI was first reported more than 40years ago,although it has been applied in some areas,little is known about understanding of the implementation method,scope of application and detailed mechanism of RDI,resulting in the failure to achieve the effect that RDI should have.This review refers to the research on RDI in different crops published in recent years,summarizes the definition,equipment condition,function,theory illumination,plant response and application in different crops of RDI,and looks forward to its prospect.We expect that this review will provide valuable guidance for researchers and producers concerned,and support the promotion of RDI in more horticultural crops.展开更多
Fusarium crown rot(FCR),predominantly caused by Fusarium pseudograminearum,has been listed as a Category Ⅱ disease in six provinces of China,posing a significant threat to wheat production.The phenylpyrrole fungicide...Fusarium crown rot(FCR),predominantly caused by Fusarium pseudograminearum,has been listed as a Category Ⅱ disease in six provinces of China,posing a significant threat to wheat production.The phenylpyrrole fungicide fludioxonil is a key agent for FCR control.Previous studies indicated that resistance to fludioxonil in F.pseudograminearum is primarily associated with altered expression levels of the FpOS1 gene,which encodes a hybrid histidine kinase.However,the roles of mutations in other FpOS genes and the molecular interactions between FpOS proteins and fludioxonil remain elusive.To address these gaps,we generated 16 fludioxonil-resistant mutants with heritable resistance traits by in vitro selection of four sensitive F.pseudograminearum isolates.These mutants exhibited high resistance levels,with resistance factors(RF)ranging from 633.73 to 8617.07.Compared to their parental isolates,the resistant mutants showed significantly reduced mycelial growth rate,sporulation capacity,and pathogenicity.They were also more sensitive to ionic,osmotic,and oxidative stresses and displayed compromised cell wall and membrane integrity.Fludioxonil demonstrated no cross-resistance with tebuconazole or pydiflumetofen;however,it exhibited weak positive crossresistance to pyraclostrobin and moderate positive cross-resistance to iprodione.Fludioxonil treatment significantly promoted glycerol synthesis and inhibited deoxynivalenol(DON)production in parental isolates,whereas these regulatory effects were markedly attenuated in the resistant mutants.Mutation analysis identified mutation sites in FpOS1,FpOS4,and FpOS5 genes,with a lower mutation frequency in FpOS1 and no mutations detected in FpOS2.Molecular docking indicated that amino acid substitutions in FpOS4 and FpOS5 significantly reduced the binding affinity of fludioxonil to these target proteins.In conclusion,F.pseudograminearum poses a moderate risk of resistance to fludioxonil.Point mutations in FpOS4 and FpOS5 genes emerge as key molecular drivers of resistance,likely by diminishing the binding affinity between the fungicide and its proteins.This study clarifies the molecular basis of fludioxonil resistance in F.pseudograminearum and provides a scientific rationale for the judicious use of this fungicide in managing FCR.展开更多
Anthocyanins play a crucial role in shaping the visual appeal and nutritional quality of fruits.Previous research on anthocyanin biosynthesis in sweet cherry(Prunus avium L.)has primarily relied on single-omics approa...Anthocyanins play a crucial role in shaping the visual appeal and nutritional quality of fruits.Previous research on anthocyanin biosynthesis in sweet cherry(Prunus avium L.)has primarily relied on single-omics approaches or focused on a limited range of metabolites,leaving the regulatory mechanisms and dynamic metabolism of anthocyanins during ripening inadequately characterized.This study integrated anthocyanin-targeted metabolomics and transcriptomics to identify key anthocyanins in sweet cherry and construct a transcriptional regulatory network for anthocyanin biosynthesis.A novel bHLH transcription factor,Prunus avium bHLH transcription factor 102(PavbHLH102),was identified,and its role in regulating cyanidin levels was validated through overexpression and silencing experiments.Both in vitro and in vivo assays demonstrated that PavbHLH102 activates key anthocyanin biosynthetic genes,including PavF3H,PavDFR,and PavUFGT,thereby enhancing fruit coloration.Notably,PavF3′H upregulation significantly increased cyanidin accumulation.This study provides new insights into anthocyanin regulation in sweet cherry and offers valuable resources for improving fruit quality.展开更多
As a pivotal environmental factor,light,comprising intensity,photoperiod,and spectrum,governs the entire life cycle of strawberries by mediating alterations in the plant’s morphological,physiological,and biochemical ...As a pivotal environmental factor,light,comprising intensity,photoperiod,and spectrum,governs the entire life cycle of strawberries by mediating alterations in the plant’s morphological,physiological,and biochemical traits.Although extensive research has been conducted on light-mediated growth regulation in horticultural crops,most reviews focus primarily on leafy and fruiting vegetables,with limited attention given to berry crops such as strawberries.Additionally,most existing reviews concentrate on one or several growth stages,failing to systematically characterize light’s effects throughout the entire growth cycle and postharvest stage.This review briefly summarizes the regulatory roles of light across key stages of strawberry growth,including seedling propagation,vegetative growth,reproductive growth,and postharvest stages.It seeks to address the knowledge gap by systematically organizing research findings across these developmental phases.The integrated analysis provides a theoretical foundation for designing stage-specific lighting strategies to improve strawberry yield and quality.展开更多
Members of genus Chrysanthemum,comprising approximately 40 species,hold economic significance as edible,medicinal,and ornamental plants.Among these species,Chrysanthemum indicum and the cultivated chrysanthemum C.mori...Members of genus Chrysanthemum,comprising approximately 40 species,hold economic significance as edible,medicinal,and ornamental plants.Among these species,Chrysanthemum indicum and the cultivated chrysanthemum C.morifolium have been used for tea and traditional Chinese medicine to treat common cold symptoms,impaired vision,dizziness,and skin irritation.The medicinal properties of chrysanthemum are primarily derived from its bioactive compounds,including flavonoids.展开更多
Flower and fruit abscission reduce crop yield,so decreasing abscission is a significant agricultural issue.HAESA(HAE)and HAESA-like2(HSL2)kinases and their ligand,INFLORESCENCE DEFICIENT IN ABSCISSION(IDA)peptide,have...Flower and fruit abscission reduce crop yield,so decreasing abscission is a significant agricultural issue.HAESA(HAE)and HAESA-like2(HSL2)kinases and their ligand,INFLORESCENCE DEFICIENT IN ABSCISSION(IDA)peptide,have been confirmed to be the core elements regulating floral organ abscission in Arabidopsis thaliana.Our earlier research revealed that Sl IDL6,a homolog of IDA in tomato,functions similarly to At IDA,regulating the abscission of tomato flower organs.Here,we further isolated three HAESA-like homologs,Sl HSL1/2/3,which are involved in tomato flower abscission.Sl HSL1/2/3 are highly expressed in the abscission zone(AZ).The knockout mutant lines of Slhsl1,Slhsl2,and Slhsl3 showed lower flower pedicel abscission than wild type(WT).The double mutant of Slhsl1Slhsl2,Slhsl1Slhsl3,and Slhsl2Slhsl3 further depressed abscission than each of the single mutant lines,while triple mutants Slhsl1Slhsl2Slhsl3 exhibited the lowest abscission,indicating that Sl HSL1/2/3 mediated abscission is non-redundancy,at least partially.Treating tomato pedicel explants with Sl IDL6 peptide significantly accelerated pedicel abscission in WT.However,it had little effect on the abscission rate of Sl HSL1/2/3 knockout lines,indicating that Sl HSL1/2/3 are the receptors of Sl IDL6 in pedicel abscission.Ethylene action inhibitor 1-methylcyclopropene(1-MCP)can significantly depress the expression of Sl HSL1/2/3.Ethylene can significantly accelerate the abscission of WT,while less abscission was found in Sl HSL1/2/3 knockout lines.Our findings indicate that Sl HSL1/2/3 can act as receptors for Sl IDL6 to positively regulate tomato pedicel abscission,and the abscission regulated by Sl HSL1/2/3 was partially dependent on ethylene.展开更多
[Objectives]This study was conducted to investigate the application time,concentrations,and combinations of plant growth regulators,aiming to screen suitable concentrations,combinations,and treatment periods for enhan...[Objectives]This study was conducted to investigate the application time,concentrations,and combinations of plant growth regulators,aiming to screen suitable concentrations,combinations,and treatment periods for enhancing the commercial quality of the fruit.[Methods]‘Xiangfei’grape was selected as the experimental material.Treatments were applied at two stages:full bloom and 10-14 d after flowering.Three plant growth regulators,gibberellin(GA 3),forchlorfenuron(CPPU),and thidiazuron(TDZ),were used at different concentrations and in various combinations.The aim was to investigate the effects of different treatments on the seedless rate and fruit quality of‘Xiangfei’grape and to identify the optimal protocol for seedlessness induction in this cultivar.[Results]The optimal treatment protocol was the application of GA 350 mg/L+TDZ 4 mg/L at full bloom,followed by clear water 10-14 d after full bloom.After this combined pre-and post-flowering treatment,a seedless rate of 73%was achieved.The corresponding fruit quality parameters were as follows:single berry weight,17.64 g;longitudinal diameter,28.94 mm;transverse diameter,30.21 mm;fruit firmness,8.41 N/cm_(2);and soluble protein content,0.94 mg/g.Compared with other treatments,this protocol improved berry longitudinal and transverse diameters,fruit firmness,single berry weight,soluble solid content,and soluble protein content in‘Xiangfei’berries.It also altered the fruit shape index,reduced tannin content,and had a minimal impact on vitamin C content.[Conclusions]This study can provide a theoretical basis and technical reference for the seedlessness production of‘Xiangfei’grape.展开更多
Phytomelatonin,an emerging plant hormone,plays vital roles in plant growth,development,and stress adaptation(Arnao et al.,2022;Ullah et al.,2024).It acts both as a direct antioxidant and a signaling molecule,engaging ...Phytomelatonin,an emerging plant hormone,plays vital roles in plant growth,development,and stress adaptation(Arnao et al.,2022;Ullah et al.,2024).It acts both as a direct antioxidant and a signaling molecule,engaging complex networks and interacting with other phytohormones(Liu et al.,2022;Khan et al.,2023).Although phytomelatonin receptors(PMTRs)have been identified in many plants(Wei et al.,2018;Wang et al.,2022;Liu et al.,2025),the downstream signaling mechanisms,particularly receptor-mediated protein modifications and transcriptional regulation,remain poorly characterized.展开更多
Horticultural crops are important for global nutrition,health,and economic security but are increasingly challenged by climate change and environmental stresses.The advent of CRISPR/Cas9(Clustered Regularly Interspace...Horticultural crops are important for global nutrition,health,and economic security but are increasingly challenged by climate change and environmental stresses.The advent of CRISPR/Cas9(Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats/CRISPR-Associated Protein 9)has revolutionized precision breeding by enabling targeted gene modifications that enhance yield,disease resistance,and stress tolerance.This review summarizes recent advancements in the application of CRISPR/Cas9 across fruit,vegetable,and ornamental crops,highlighting key achievements in enhancing crop quality,shelf life,and resilience.It also explores the potential of base and prime editing technologies,which offer greater precision and reduced risk of unintended mutations.Despite these advancements,the practical use of genome editing in horticulture faces persistent challenges,including inefficient delivery systems,off-target effects,and the limited regeneration capacity of many species.Furthermore,regulatory ambiguity,ethical considerations,and public skepticism continue to shape the global acceptance and commercialization of genome-edited crops.Integrating CRISPR-based tools into mainstream horticultural breeding programs offers a pathway for the development of climate-resilient,high-quality crops and for sustainable agricultural development in the face of global challenges.展开更多
[Objectives]This study was conducted to establish a quantitative assessment method for the textural quality of chieh-qua fruit.[Methods]Using two modes of a texture analyzer,namely TPA(texture profile analysis)and pun...[Objectives]This study was conducted to establish a quantitative assessment method for the textural quality of chieh-qua fruit.[Methods]Using two modes of a texture analyzer,namely TPA(texture profile analysis)and puncture,the index data of the fruit were obtained by setting different trigger forces,deformation levels,test speeds,as well as puncture speeds and puncture depths.The data included TPA hardness,adhesiveness,springiness,cohesiveness,gumminess,chewiness,resilience,as well as skin hardness,skin toughness,flesh hardness,fracturability,and compactness.[Results]Different deformation levels had a significant impact on all parameters.Hardness,adhesiveness,gumminess and chewiness showed a trend of first increasing and then decreasing with the deformation level increasing.When the deformation level was 30%,the adhesiveness,gumminess and chewiness reached their maximum values.When the deformation level was 50%,TPA hardness reached its maximum.When the compression speed was 3 mm/s,the measured values of TPA hardness,adhesiveness,chewiness,and resilience were at their maximums.The skin hardness varied significantly under different trigger forces.When the trigger force was 15 g,the skin hardness reached a maximum value of 944.63 g,and the skin toughness,flesh hardness,fracturability,and compactness also reach their maximum values respectively.When the puncture depth was 12 mm,the flesh hardness and skin toughness reached their maximums of 682.51 g and 1.82 mm,respectively.In the TPA mode,the flesh hardness of chieh-qua showed an extremely significant negative correlation with springiness,cohesiveness,and resilience(P<0.01).The fruit fracturability detected by puncture had an extremely significant positive correlation with compactness(P<0.01).[Conclusions]The evaluation method for measuring chieh-qua texture by combining TPA and the puncture mode could accurately and quantitatively reflect the differences in the flesh texture quality of chieh-qua.The optimal parameters for texture measurement of chieh-qua fruit were determined as a 15 g trigger force with 50%deformation and a 3 mm/s compression speed in TPA mode,and a 15 g trigger force with a 12 mm puncture depth in puncture mode.Puncture speed was found to have no significant effect on the texture indices of chieh-qua.展开更多
Substrate and nutrient supply are essential for vegetable cultivation in greenhouse.The strategies for plant nutrient supply vary depending on the cultivation methods or substrate dosages employed.With the development...Substrate and nutrient supply are essential for vegetable cultivation in greenhouse.The strategies for plant nutrient supply vary depending on the cultivation methods or substrate dosages employed.With the development of mechanization,wide-row spacing substrate cultivation became an optimize mode of the greenhouse cucumber cultivation,aligning with the trend of intelligent agriculture.To determine the optimal nutrient solution supply amount(NS)and supply frequency(SF)for promoting the integrated growth of cucumber under wide-row spacing substrate cultivation,we explored the effects of substrate supply amount(SS),NS,and SF on cucumber yield,quality,and element utilization efficiency.A five-level quadratic orthogonal rotation combination design with three experimental factors(NS,SF,and SS)was implemented for 23 coupling treatments over three growing seasons,including spring(2022S and 2023S)and autumn(2022A).The technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution(TOPSIS)combining weights based on game theory was applied to construct cucumber comprehensive growth evaluation model.Single and two experimental factors analyses revealed significant effects of single factors and the coupling of NS-SS,NS-SF and SS-SF on the integrated growth of cucumber for all three growing seasons.For the NS-SF-SS combination,the optimal parameters for comprehensive cucumber growth were determined as follows:levels of^(-1).68 for NS,-0.7 for SF,and^(-1).682 for SS in 2022A;-0.43 for NS,-0.06 for SF,and 0.34 for SS in 2022S;0.3 for NS,-0.02 for SF,and 0.04 for SS in 2023S.Furthermore,for SS ranges of 2.00-3.01,3.01-4.50,4.50-5.99,5.99-7.00(L·plant^(-1)),the corresponding NS and SF intervals maximizing cucumber integrated growth in spring were:0.28-0.30(L·plant^(-1))and 6(times·d^(-1)),0.26-0.30(L·plant^(-1))and 6(times·d^(-1)),0.25-0.30(L·plant^(-1))and 6(times·d^(-1)),0.23-0.30(L·plant^(-1))and 6(times·d^(-1)),respectively.With the same SS,the corresponding NS and SF intervals that maximized cucumber integrated growth in autumn were:0.10(L·plant^(-1))and 8(times·d^(-1)),0.18(L·plant^(-1))and 7(times·d^(-1)),0.30(L·plant^(-1))and 6(times·d^(-1)),0.49(L·plant^(-1))and 5(times·d^(-1)),respectively.The results provide a theoretical basis for solution management,and further in-depth research on cucumber cultivation.展开更多
Yam(Dioscorea opposita)is an important economic crop,and the development of its the cultivation tecchnology is of great significance for increasing yield,improving quality,and reducing the occurrence of pests and dise...Yam(Dioscorea opposita)is an important economic crop,and the development of its the cultivation tecchnology is of great significance for increasing yield,improving quality,and reducing the occurrence of pests and diseases.With the progression of agricultural technology and changes in market demands,the cultivation tecchnology of yam is constantly innovating and improving.This paper reviewed recent research advances in yam cultivation tecchnology,covering aspects such as soil improvement,variety selection,technological innovations,green pest control,and harvesting and storage.The goal is to provide references for the sustainable development of the yam industry.展开更多
Anthocyanins are the main pigments in ripe strawberry fruits.FaMYB10 and abscisic acid(ABA)are the two major regulators of anthocyanin biosynthesis in the maturation process of strawberry fruits.However,the transcript...Anthocyanins are the main pigments in ripe strawberry fruits.FaMYB10 and abscisic acid(ABA)are the two major regulators of anthocyanin biosynthesis in the maturation process of strawberry fruits.However,the transcriptional regulation of FaMYB10,ABA biosynthesis,and anthocyanin accumulation in strawberry(Fragaria×ananassa)remain largely unknown.Here,a yeast one-hybrid screen using the FaMYB10 promoter identified a class B MADS-domain transcription factor,FaMADS6 in strawberry.FaMADS6 exhibited high expression at the early developmental stage but was hardly detected during maturation of strawberry fruit,a pattern opposite to accumulation of anthocyanins.Transcriptional upregulation of FaMADS6 repressed anthocyanin accumulation and expression of FaMYB10 and the anthocyanin biosynthetic genes,FaCHS,FaCHI,FaF3H,FaANS,and FaUFGT.In contrast,downregulation of FaMADS6 promoted the expression of FaMYB10 and the anthocyanin biosynthetic genes.The promoters of the anthocyanin biosynthetic genes were not directly bound by FaMADS6,in contrast to FaMYB10.Analysis of the DNA binding sequences of FaMADS6 revealed that it also interacted with the promoters of FaNCED2 and FaPYR1,which are involved in the biosynthesis and perception of ABA.Overexpression of FaMADS6 significantly suppressed FaNCED2 and FaPYR1 and ABA synthesis in transgenic strawberry.Together,our findings suggest that FaMADS6 functions as a suppressor of anthocyanin accumulation by directly downregulating FaMYB10 and ABA production during strawberry fruit maturation.展开更多
Fig(Ficus carica L.)with purple-red peel cultivars are popular among consumers and exhibit better storability.While DNA methylation influences fruit ripening and color development,its specific role in fig fruit remain...Fig(Ficus carica L.)with purple-red peel cultivars are popular among consumers and exhibit better storability.While DNA methylation influences fruit ripening and color development,its specific role in fig fruit remains unclear.This study explores the impact of DNA methylation on the fig peel coloration.Enzymatic colorimetric detection revealed that the level of‘Purple Peel’fig DNA methylation decreases with fig fruit ripening and coloring.Treatment of young fruit with the DNA-methylation inhibitor azacytidine induced peel coloration,suggesting that a decrease in DNA-methylation level promotes fig peel coloration.Seven members of DNA methyltransferases and three members of DNA demethylases were identified from a high-level fig genome,highlighting FcMET1 and FcDRM2 as stable proteins,ensuring functional expression.Reference to the Arabidopsis protein interaction network map predicted that FcMET1 is in a central position,suggesting a crucial regulatory role in multiple biological processes.Correlation analysis revealed a positive correlation between FcMET1 expression during peel development and the level of total DNA methylation.Weighted gene co-expression network analysis identified co-expression of FcMET1 with the color-related transcription factors MYB,bHLH and WD40,as well as with eight structural genes in the flavonoid-biosynthesis pathway.The expression of FcUFGT3 was negatively correlated with that of FcMET1.McrBC-PCR and Bisulfite Sequencing detection showed that a low methylation level of the FcUFGT3 promoter corresponds with its high expression in colored fig.This investigation of the mechanism of DNA methylation provides a theoretical basis for understanding the role of DNA-methylation modifications in fig ripening and coloring.展开更多
Dry fig is a traditional healthy snack and has important economic value in a number of Mediterranean and Middle Eastern countries.Cultivars with no anthocyanin accumulation in the fruit peel are preferred for dry fig ...Dry fig is a traditional healthy snack and has important economic value in a number of Mediterranean and Middle Eastern countries.Cultivars with no anthocyanin accumulation in the fruit peel are preferred for dry fig production.R2R3-MYB transcription factors have promotive or repressive regulatory roles in plant anthocyanin biosynthesis.In this study,113 R2R3-MYB genes were identified in Ficus carica,3 of which were assigned to the S4 subfamily of flavonoid-biosynthesis repressors.FcMYB57 was further recruited as a candidate anthocyaninbiosynthesis repressor based on its sequence features and expression,which was significantly negatively correlated with that of anthocyanin-biosynthesis structural genes.Transient overexpression of FcMYB57 in strawberry totally inhibited fruit pigmentation and significantly increased fruit firmness.The metabolomic analysis confirmed a significant reduction in the contents of cyanidin-3-O-glucoside and pelargonidin-3-O-glucoside,as well as other flavonoids,and transmission electron microscopy revealed an increment in cell-wall thickness.Transcriptome analysis showed downregulation of anthocyanin-biosynthesis structural genes and upregulation of genes related to xylan synthesis.Yeast one-hybrid and dual luciferase assays demonstrated a negative regulatory effect of FcMYB57 on the promoter of FcUFGT3(UDP glucose-flavonoid 3-O-glcosyl-transferase).Yeast two-hybrid assay showed that FcMYB57 does not interact with FcbHLH42,3,14,MYC2,or FcTTG1,all of which have a previously identified or predicted role in flavonoid biosynthesis,however,interaction was detected with FcTPL(Topless),suggesting that FcMYB57 serves as an active repressor of anthocyanin biosynthesis.This is the first identification of an anthocyaninbiosynthesis repressor in fig,with a possible role in fig fruit quality.展开更多
Anthocyanins are important flavonoid pigments in the coloration of fruits.To identify candidate genes involved in anthocyanin accumulation,metabolic and transcriptome analyses were conducted in‘Nanguo'pear and it...Anthocyanins are important flavonoid pigments in the coloration of fruits.To identify candidate genes involved in anthocyanin accumulation,metabolic and transcriptome analyses were conducted in‘Nanguo'pear and its red sport cultivar‘Nanhong'pear.The results showed that‘Nanhong'pear had significantly higher anthocyanin and flavonol contents.Additionally,transcriptomic analysis showed that there were significant differences in the expression of genes involved in phenylpropanoid and flavonoid biosynthesis pathways between the two cultivars,with PuGSTF12 being the most upregulated gene in the‘Nanhong'cultivar.Further analysis identified a novel MYB transcription factor(PuMYB93),and its silencing repressed PuGSTF12 expression and anthocyanin accumulation,suggesting it plays an essential role in the regulation of anthocyanin biosynthesis.Moreover,yeast one-hybrid analysis,electrophoretic mobility shift assay,andβ-glucuronidase assay indicated that PuMYB93 can directly bind to the PuGSTF12 promoter to positively regulate its expression.Additionally,PuGSTF12 silencing suppressed the coloration of PuMYB93-OE peels,suggesting that PuGSTF12 act downstream of PuMYB93.Overall,the findings of this study show that PuMYB93 promotes anthocyanin transport in pears by regulating PuGSTF12 expression to further enhance anthocyanin accumulation.展开更多
基金The Enhancement Project of Young Teachers Research Innovation Ability(JKC2022006)Beijing Municipal Higher Education Institutions’Teacher Team Construction Support Plan-High-Level Teaching Innovation Team(BPHR20220211)+1 种基金Beijing Higher Education Undergraduate Teaching Reform and Innovation Project(2023003)2024 Beijing University of Agriculture Student Party Members“Vanguard Force Action”Project。
文摘This paper discusses the development characteristics of urban horticulture under the background of smart agriculture,as well as the application of artificial intelligence technology in it.It analyzes the importance of highly skilled talents in urban agriculture in the era of smart agriculture and their cultivation pathways and practices.It proposes measures such as building multi-level practical teaching platforms,implementing the“Enjoy Horticulture”series of high-quality activities,and establishing the“1234”applied talent training model to cultivate high-quality talents that meet the development needs of modern urban horticulture industry.Taking Beijing University of Agriculture and other universities as examples,the paper analyzes the practical cases and effects of the urban horticulture discipline’s industry-education-research collaborative talent training model,which has reference significance for further improving and perfecting the urban horticulture industry-education-research collaborative talent training plan.
基金Supported by First-class Curriculum"Plant Immunology"Project of Tianjin Agricultural University.
文摘Using the curriculum of horticultural plant pathology as a starting point,this paper investigates the collaborative education model of"curriculum ideology and politics+innovation and entrepreneurship".It expounds the necessity of constructing this model,proposes implementation paths from aspects such as the integration of ideological and political elements,the cultivation of innovation and entrepreneurship capabilities,and the construction of a collaborative education mechanism.Furthermore,it analyzes the practical effects,challenges encountered,and corresponding response strategies,thereby offering a valuable reference for the training of professionals in horticulture.
基金funded by the Science and Technology Plan Projects of Tibetan Autonomous Region(Grant No.XZ202201JX0001N)Hubei Provincial Key Research and Development Program(Grant No.2021BBA239)+2 种基金the Huazhong Agricultural University/Agricultural Genomics Institute of Shenzhen Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Cooperation Fund(Grant No.SZYJY2022006)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(Grant Nos.2662022YLYJ010 and BC2022111)Shannan City Science and Technology Plan Project(Grant No.SNSBJKJJHXM2023004)。
文摘Horticultural products such as fruits,vegetables,and tea offer a range of important nutrients such as protein,carbohydrates,vitamins and lipids.However,the present yield and quality do not meet the requirements of the rapid population growth associated with global climate change,the decline in horticultural practitioners,poor automation,and epidemic diseases such as COVID-19.In this context,smart horticulture is expected to greatly improve the land output rates,resource-use efficiency,and productivity,all of which should facilitate the sustainable development of the horticulture industry.Emerging technologies,such as artificial intelligence,big data,the Internet of Things,and cloud computing,play an important role.This paper reviews past developments and current challenges,offering future perspectives for horticultural chain management.We expect that the horticulture industry would benefit from integration with smart technologies.This requires the use of novel solutions to build a new advanced system encompassing smart breeding,smart cultivation,smart transportation,and smart sales.Finally,a new development approach combining precise perception,smart operation,and smart control should be instituted in the horticulture industry.Within 30 years,we expect that the industry will embrace mechanical,automatic,and informational production to transform into a smart industry.
基金Funding in the Van der Knaap laboratory is from the National Science Foundation(IOS 1564366,IOS 1732253,and USDA 2017-67013-26199).
文摘Directed breeding of horticultural crops is essential for increasing yield,nutritional content,and consumer-valued characteristics such as shape and color of the produce.However,limited genetic diversity restricts the amount of crop improvement that can be achieved through conventional breeding approaches.Natural genetic changes in cisregulatory regions of genes play important roles in shaping phenotypic diversity by altering their expression.Utilization of CRISPR/Cas editing in crop species can accelerate crop improvement through the introduction of genetic variation in a targeted manner.The advent of CRISPR/Cas-mediated cis-regulatory region engineering(cis-engineering)provides a more refined method for modulating gene expression and creating phenotypic diversity to benefit crop improvement.Here,we focus on the current applications of CRISPR/Cas-mediated cis-engineering in horticultural crops.We describe strategies and limitations for its use in crop improvement,including de novo cis-regulatory element(CRE)discovery,precise genome editing,and transgene-free genome editing.In addition,we discuss the challenges and prospects regarding current technologies and achievements.CRISPR/Cas-mediated cis-engineering is a critical tool for generating horticultural crops that are better able to adapt to climate change and providing food for an increasing world population.
基金supported by the National Nature Science Foundation Project(31901971)the class General Financial Grant from the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2020 M673507)+1 种基金the Innovation Capacity Support Plan of Shaanxi Province(2022NY-039,2022ZDLNY04-04,2020-TD-47)the Science and Technology Innovation and Achievement Transformation project of Experimental Demonstration Station(Base)of Northwest A&F University(TCZX2020-36).
文摘The deficient agricultural water caused by water shortage is a crucial limiting factor of horticultural production.Among many agricultural water-saving technologies,regulated deficit irrigation(RDI)has been proven to be one of the effective technologies to improve water use efficiency and reduce water waste on the premise of maintaining the quality of agricultural products.RDI was first reported more than 40years ago,although it has been applied in some areas,little is known about understanding of the implementation method,scope of application and detailed mechanism of RDI,resulting in the failure to achieve the effect that RDI should have.This review refers to the research on RDI in different crops published in recent years,summarizes the definition,equipment condition,function,theory illumination,plant response and application in different crops of RDI,and looks forward to its prospect.We expect that this review will provide valuable guidance for researchers and producers concerned,and support the promotion of RDI in more horticultural crops.
基金Supported by Funding from the Henan Provincial Scientific and Technological Breakthrough Project(No.242102111113).
文摘Fusarium crown rot(FCR),predominantly caused by Fusarium pseudograminearum,has been listed as a Category Ⅱ disease in six provinces of China,posing a significant threat to wheat production.The phenylpyrrole fungicide fludioxonil is a key agent for FCR control.Previous studies indicated that resistance to fludioxonil in F.pseudograminearum is primarily associated with altered expression levels of the FpOS1 gene,which encodes a hybrid histidine kinase.However,the roles of mutations in other FpOS genes and the molecular interactions between FpOS proteins and fludioxonil remain elusive.To address these gaps,we generated 16 fludioxonil-resistant mutants with heritable resistance traits by in vitro selection of four sensitive F.pseudograminearum isolates.These mutants exhibited high resistance levels,with resistance factors(RF)ranging from 633.73 to 8617.07.Compared to their parental isolates,the resistant mutants showed significantly reduced mycelial growth rate,sporulation capacity,and pathogenicity.They were also more sensitive to ionic,osmotic,and oxidative stresses and displayed compromised cell wall and membrane integrity.Fludioxonil demonstrated no cross-resistance with tebuconazole or pydiflumetofen;however,it exhibited weak positive crossresistance to pyraclostrobin and moderate positive cross-resistance to iprodione.Fludioxonil treatment significantly promoted glycerol synthesis and inhibited deoxynivalenol(DON)production in parental isolates,whereas these regulatory effects were markedly attenuated in the resistant mutants.Mutation analysis identified mutation sites in FpOS1,FpOS4,and FpOS5 genes,with a lower mutation frequency in FpOS1 and no mutations detected in FpOS2.Molecular docking indicated that amino acid substitutions in FpOS4 and FpOS5 significantly reduced the binding affinity of fludioxonil to these target proteins.In conclusion,F.pseudograminearum poses a moderate risk of resistance to fludioxonil.Point mutations in FpOS4 and FpOS5 genes emerge as key molecular drivers of resistance,likely by diminishing the binding affinity between the fungicide and its proteins.This study clarifies the molecular basis of fludioxonil resistance in F.pseudograminearum and provides a scientific rationale for the judicious use of this fungicide in managing FCR.
基金funding from the Natural Science Foundation of Sichuan Province,China(Grant Nos.2025ZNSFSC1100,2024NSFSC0324)the National Key Research and Development Project(Grant No.2017YFC0505104)+2 种基金the Sichuan Agricultural University Dual Support Plan Special Project(Grant No.2024ZYTS020)the Postdoctoral Fellowship Program(Grade B)of China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(Grant No.GZB20250863)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(Grant No.2025M773740).
文摘Anthocyanins play a crucial role in shaping the visual appeal and nutritional quality of fruits.Previous research on anthocyanin biosynthesis in sweet cherry(Prunus avium L.)has primarily relied on single-omics approaches or focused on a limited range of metabolites,leaving the regulatory mechanisms and dynamic metabolism of anthocyanins during ripening inadequately characterized.This study integrated anthocyanin-targeted metabolomics and transcriptomics to identify key anthocyanins in sweet cherry and construct a transcriptional regulatory network for anthocyanin biosynthesis.A novel bHLH transcription factor,Prunus avium bHLH transcription factor 102(PavbHLH102),was identified,and its role in regulating cyanidin levels was validated through overexpression and silencing experiments.Both in vitro and in vivo assays demonstrated that PavbHLH102 activates key anthocyanin biosynthetic genes,including PavF3H,PavDFR,and PavUFGT,thereby enhancing fruit coloration.Notably,PavF3′H upregulation significantly increased cyanidin accumulation.This study provides new insights into anthocyanin regulation in sweet cherry and offers valuable resources for improving fruit quality.
基金supported by National Key Research and Development Program of China(2023YFF1001700)the Unveiling and Leading Projects(2022kj05)+1 种基金Yafu Technology Innovation Team of Jiangsu Vocational College of Agriculture and Forestry(2024kj02)the Innovation&Entrepreneurship Training Program for College Students of Qingdao Agricultural University(QNDC20250149).
文摘As a pivotal environmental factor,light,comprising intensity,photoperiod,and spectrum,governs the entire life cycle of strawberries by mediating alterations in the plant’s morphological,physiological,and biochemical traits.Although extensive research has been conducted on light-mediated growth regulation in horticultural crops,most reviews focus primarily on leafy and fruiting vegetables,with limited attention given to berry crops such as strawberries.Additionally,most existing reviews concentrate on one or several growth stages,failing to systematically characterize light’s effects throughout the entire growth cycle and postharvest stage.This review briefly summarizes the regulatory roles of light across key stages of strawberry growth,including seedling propagation,vegetative growth,reproductive growth,and postharvest stages.It seeks to address the knowledge gap by systematically organizing research findings across these developmental phases.The integrated analysis provides a theoretical foundation for designing stage-specific lighting strategies to improve strawberry yield and quality.
基金supported by The Scientific and technological innovation capacity building project of Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences(Grant Nos.KJCX20251011,PT2025-31)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.32402610)Chinese Universities Scientific Fund(Grant Nos.2024TC162,2025TC154).
文摘Members of genus Chrysanthemum,comprising approximately 40 species,hold economic significance as edible,medicinal,and ornamental plants.Among these species,Chrysanthemum indicum and the cultivated chrysanthemum C.morifolium have been used for tea and traditional Chinese medicine to treat common cold symptoms,impaired vision,dizziness,and skin irritation.The medicinal properties of chrysanthemum are primarily derived from its bioactive compounds,including flavonoids.
基金supported by the Liaoning Science and Technology Innovation Team Project,China(JYTTD2024007)。
文摘Flower and fruit abscission reduce crop yield,so decreasing abscission is a significant agricultural issue.HAESA(HAE)and HAESA-like2(HSL2)kinases and their ligand,INFLORESCENCE DEFICIENT IN ABSCISSION(IDA)peptide,have been confirmed to be the core elements regulating floral organ abscission in Arabidopsis thaliana.Our earlier research revealed that Sl IDL6,a homolog of IDA in tomato,functions similarly to At IDA,regulating the abscission of tomato flower organs.Here,we further isolated three HAESA-like homologs,Sl HSL1/2/3,which are involved in tomato flower abscission.Sl HSL1/2/3 are highly expressed in the abscission zone(AZ).The knockout mutant lines of Slhsl1,Slhsl2,and Slhsl3 showed lower flower pedicel abscission than wild type(WT).The double mutant of Slhsl1Slhsl2,Slhsl1Slhsl3,and Slhsl2Slhsl3 further depressed abscission than each of the single mutant lines,while triple mutants Slhsl1Slhsl2Slhsl3 exhibited the lowest abscission,indicating that Sl HSL1/2/3 mediated abscission is non-redundancy,at least partially.Treating tomato pedicel explants with Sl IDL6 peptide significantly accelerated pedicel abscission in WT.However,it had little effect on the abscission rate of Sl HSL1/2/3 knockout lines,indicating that Sl HSL1/2/3 are the receptors of Sl IDL6 in pedicel abscission.Ethylene action inhibitor 1-methylcyclopropene(1-MCP)can significantly depress the expression of Sl HSL1/2/3.Ethylene can significantly accelerate the abscission of WT,while less abscission was found in Sl HSL1/2/3 knockout lines.Our findings indicate that Sl HSL1/2/3 can act as receptors for Sl IDL6 to positively regulate tomato pedicel abscission,and the abscission regulated by Sl HSL1/2/3 was partially dependent on ethylene.
基金Supported by Hebei Provincial Modern Agricultural Industry Technology System(HBCT2021230403)Project of Applied Technology Research and Development Center for Biological Breeding of Characteristic Horticultural Plants in Universities of Hebei Province.
文摘[Objectives]This study was conducted to investigate the application time,concentrations,and combinations of plant growth regulators,aiming to screen suitable concentrations,combinations,and treatment periods for enhancing the commercial quality of the fruit.[Methods]‘Xiangfei’grape was selected as the experimental material.Treatments were applied at two stages:full bloom and 10-14 d after flowering.Three plant growth regulators,gibberellin(GA 3),forchlorfenuron(CPPU),and thidiazuron(TDZ),were used at different concentrations and in various combinations.The aim was to investigate the effects of different treatments on the seedless rate and fruit quality of‘Xiangfei’grape and to identify the optimal protocol for seedlessness induction in this cultivar.[Results]The optimal treatment protocol was the application of GA 350 mg/L+TDZ 4 mg/L at full bloom,followed by clear water 10-14 d after full bloom.After this combined pre-and post-flowering treatment,a seedless rate of 73%was achieved.The corresponding fruit quality parameters were as follows:single berry weight,17.64 g;longitudinal diameter,28.94 mm;transverse diameter,30.21 mm;fruit firmness,8.41 N/cm_(2);and soluble protein content,0.94 mg/g.Compared with other treatments,this protocol improved berry longitudinal and transverse diameters,fruit firmness,single berry weight,soluble solid content,and soluble protein content in‘Xiangfei’berries.It also altered the fruit shape index,reduced tannin content,and had a minimal impact on vitamin C content.[Conclusions]This study can provide a theoretical basis and technical reference for the seedlessness production of‘Xiangfei’grape.
基金supported by the grants from the Key Research and Development Program of Xinjiang Uygur autonomous region in China(Grant No.2023B02017)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2024YFD2300703)+1 种基金the financial support from the Beijing Rural Revitalization Agricultural Science and Technology Project(Grant No.NY2401080000),BAIC01-2025the 2115 Talent Development Program of China Agricultural University.
文摘Phytomelatonin,an emerging plant hormone,plays vital roles in plant growth,development,and stress adaptation(Arnao et al.,2022;Ullah et al.,2024).It acts both as a direct antioxidant and a signaling molecule,engaging complex networks and interacting with other phytohormones(Liu et al.,2022;Khan et al.,2023).Although phytomelatonin receptors(PMTRs)have been identified in many plants(Wei et al.,2018;Wang et al.,2022;Liu et al.,2025),the downstream signaling mechanisms,particularly receptor-mediated protein modifications and transcriptional regulation,remain poorly characterized.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China Youth Special Fund for Biological Breeding(Grant No.32302534)Jiangsu specially-appointed professor fund(Grant No.337060046)the Yangzhou University Startup Fund(Grant No.137012599).
文摘Horticultural crops are important for global nutrition,health,and economic security but are increasingly challenged by climate change and environmental stresses.The advent of CRISPR/Cas9(Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats/CRISPR-Associated Protein 9)has revolutionized precision breeding by enabling targeted gene modifications that enhance yield,disease resistance,and stress tolerance.This review summarizes recent advancements in the application of CRISPR/Cas9 across fruit,vegetable,and ornamental crops,highlighting key achievements in enhancing crop quality,shelf life,and resilience.It also explores the potential of base and prime editing technologies,which offer greater precision and reduced risk of unintended mutations.Despite these advancements,the practical use of genome editing in horticulture faces persistent challenges,including inefficient delivery systems,off-target effects,and the limited regeneration capacity of many species.Furthermore,regulatory ambiguity,ethical considerations,and public skepticism continue to shape the global acceptance and commercialization of genome-edited crops.Integrating CRISPR-based tools into mainstream horticultural breeding programs offers a pathway for the development of climate-resilient,high-quality crops and for sustainable agricultural development in the face of global challenges.
基金Supported by Shanghai Agriculture Applied Technology Development Program (Grant No.T20220120).
文摘[Objectives]This study was conducted to establish a quantitative assessment method for the textural quality of chieh-qua fruit.[Methods]Using two modes of a texture analyzer,namely TPA(texture profile analysis)and puncture,the index data of the fruit were obtained by setting different trigger forces,deformation levels,test speeds,as well as puncture speeds and puncture depths.The data included TPA hardness,adhesiveness,springiness,cohesiveness,gumminess,chewiness,resilience,as well as skin hardness,skin toughness,flesh hardness,fracturability,and compactness.[Results]Different deformation levels had a significant impact on all parameters.Hardness,adhesiveness,gumminess and chewiness showed a trend of first increasing and then decreasing with the deformation level increasing.When the deformation level was 30%,the adhesiveness,gumminess and chewiness reached their maximum values.When the deformation level was 50%,TPA hardness reached its maximum.When the compression speed was 3 mm/s,the measured values of TPA hardness,adhesiveness,chewiness,and resilience were at their maximums.The skin hardness varied significantly under different trigger forces.When the trigger force was 15 g,the skin hardness reached a maximum value of 944.63 g,and the skin toughness,flesh hardness,fracturability,and compactness also reach their maximum values respectively.When the puncture depth was 12 mm,the flesh hardness and skin toughness reached their maximums of 682.51 g and 1.82 mm,respectively.In the TPA mode,the flesh hardness of chieh-qua showed an extremely significant negative correlation with springiness,cohesiveness,and resilience(P<0.01).The fruit fracturability detected by puncture had an extremely significant positive correlation with compactness(P<0.01).[Conclusions]The evaluation method for measuring chieh-qua texture by combining TPA and the puncture mode could accurately and quantitatively reflect the differences in the flesh texture quality of chieh-qua.The optimal parameters for texture measurement of chieh-qua fruit were determined as a 15 g trigger force with 50%deformation and a 3 mm/s compression speed in TPA mode,and a 15 g trigger force with a 12 mm puncture depth in puncture mode.Puncture speed was found to have no significant effect on the texture indices of chieh-qua.
基金supported by the China Agriculture Research System(Grant No.CARS-23-D06)the Key Research and Development Program of Shaanxi Province(Grant Nos.2024NC2-GJHX-29 and 2024NC-ZDCYL-05-08)Shaanxi Agricultural Collaborative Innovation and Extension Alliance Project(Grant No.LMZD202202).
文摘Substrate and nutrient supply are essential for vegetable cultivation in greenhouse.The strategies for plant nutrient supply vary depending on the cultivation methods or substrate dosages employed.With the development of mechanization,wide-row spacing substrate cultivation became an optimize mode of the greenhouse cucumber cultivation,aligning with the trend of intelligent agriculture.To determine the optimal nutrient solution supply amount(NS)and supply frequency(SF)for promoting the integrated growth of cucumber under wide-row spacing substrate cultivation,we explored the effects of substrate supply amount(SS),NS,and SF on cucumber yield,quality,and element utilization efficiency.A five-level quadratic orthogonal rotation combination design with three experimental factors(NS,SF,and SS)was implemented for 23 coupling treatments over three growing seasons,including spring(2022S and 2023S)and autumn(2022A).The technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution(TOPSIS)combining weights based on game theory was applied to construct cucumber comprehensive growth evaluation model.Single and two experimental factors analyses revealed significant effects of single factors and the coupling of NS-SS,NS-SF and SS-SF on the integrated growth of cucumber for all three growing seasons.For the NS-SF-SS combination,the optimal parameters for comprehensive cucumber growth were determined as follows:levels of^(-1).68 for NS,-0.7 for SF,and^(-1).682 for SS in 2022A;-0.43 for NS,-0.06 for SF,and 0.34 for SS in 2022S;0.3 for NS,-0.02 for SF,and 0.04 for SS in 2023S.Furthermore,for SS ranges of 2.00-3.01,3.01-4.50,4.50-5.99,5.99-7.00(L·plant^(-1)),the corresponding NS and SF intervals maximizing cucumber integrated growth in spring were:0.28-0.30(L·plant^(-1))and 6(times·d^(-1)),0.26-0.30(L·plant^(-1))and 6(times·d^(-1)),0.25-0.30(L·plant^(-1))and 6(times·d^(-1)),0.23-0.30(L·plant^(-1))and 6(times·d^(-1)),respectively.With the same SS,the corresponding NS and SF intervals that maximized cucumber integrated growth in autumn were:0.10(L·plant^(-1))and 8(times·d^(-1)),0.18(L·plant^(-1))and 7(times·d^(-1)),0.30(L·plant^(-1))and 6(times·d^(-1)),0.49(L·plant^(-1))and 5(times·d^(-1)),respectively.The results provide a theoretical basis for solution management,and further in-depth research on cucumber cultivation.
基金Supported by Shandong Provincial Key Research and Development Program(2023TZXD034)2024 National Undergraduate Innovation Training Program(202410061062).
文摘Yam(Dioscorea opposita)is an important economic crop,and the development of its the cultivation tecchnology is of great significance for increasing yield,improving quality,and reducing the occurrence of pests and diseases.With the progression of agricultural technology and changes in market demands,the cultivation tecchnology of yam is constantly innovating and improving.This paper reviewed recent research advances in yam cultivation tecchnology,covering aspects such as soil improvement,variety selection,technological innovations,green pest control,and harvesting and storage.The goal is to provide references for the sustainable development of the yam industry.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(Grant No.2022YFD1600700)Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.32372644,32472661)+1 种基金Natural Science Foundation of Universities in Anhui Province,China(Grant Nos.2022AH050931,2023AH051043)Anhui Provincial Natural Science Foundation,China(Grant No.2108085MC105).
文摘Anthocyanins are the main pigments in ripe strawberry fruits.FaMYB10 and abscisic acid(ABA)are the two major regulators of anthocyanin biosynthesis in the maturation process of strawberry fruits.However,the transcriptional regulation of FaMYB10,ABA biosynthesis,and anthocyanin accumulation in strawberry(Fragaria×ananassa)remain largely unknown.Here,a yeast one-hybrid screen using the FaMYB10 promoter identified a class B MADS-domain transcription factor,FaMADS6 in strawberry.FaMADS6 exhibited high expression at the early developmental stage but was hardly detected during maturation of strawberry fruit,a pattern opposite to accumulation of anthocyanins.Transcriptional upregulation of FaMADS6 repressed anthocyanin accumulation and expression of FaMYB10 and the anthocyanin biosynthetic genes,FaCHS,FaCHI,FaF3H,FaANS,and FaUFGT.In contrast,downregulation of FaMADS6 promoted the expression of FaMYB10 and the anthocyanin biosynthetic genes.The promoters of the anthocyanin biosynthetic genes were not directly bound by FaMADS6,in contrast to FaMYB10.Analysis of the DNA binding sequences of FaMADS6 revealed that it also interacted with the promoters of FaNCED2 and FaPYR1,which are involved in the biosynthesis and perception of ABA.Overexpression of FaMADS6 significantly suppressed FaNCED2 and FaPYR1 and ABA synthesis in transgenic strawberry.Together,our findings suggest that FaMADS6 functions as a suppressor of anthocyanin accumulation by directly downregulating FaMYB10 and ABA production during strawberry fruit maturation.
基金supported by 111 Project(Grant No.B17043)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(Grant No.2022M723425).
文摘Fig(Ficus carica L.)with purple-red peel cultivars are popular among consumers and exhibit better storability.While DNA methylation influences fruit ripening and color development,its specific role in fig fruit remains unclear.This study explores the impact of DNA methylation on the fig peel coloration.Enzymatic colorimetric detection revealed that the level of‘Purple Peel’fig DNA methylation decreases with fig fruit ripening and coloring.Treatment of young fruit with the DNA-methylation inhibitor azacytidine induced peel coloration,suggesting that a decrease in DNA-methylation level promotes fig peel coloration.Seven members of DNA methyltransferases and three members of DNA demethylases were identified from a high-level fig genome,highlighting FcMET1 and FcDRM2 as stable proteins,ensuring functional expression.Reference to the Arabidopsis protein interaction network map predicted that FcMET1 is in a central position,suggesting a crucial regulatory role in multiple biological processes.Correlation analysis revealed a positive correlation between FcMET1 expression during peel development and the level of total DNA methylation.Weighted gene co-expression network analysis identified co-expression of FcMET1 with the color-related transcription factors MYB,bHLH and WD40,as well as with eight structural genes in the flavonoid-biosynthesis pathway.The expression of FcUFGT3 was negatively correlated with that of FcMET1.McrBC-PCR and Bisulfite Sequencing detection showed that a low methylation level of the FcUFGT3 promoter corresponds with its high expression in colored fig.This investigation of the mechanism of DNA methylation provides a theoretical basis for understanding the role of DNA-methylation modifications in fig ripening and coloring.
基金supported by the key research project for fig development of Weiyuan County(Grant No.1002-69199007),China.
文摘Dry fig is a traditional healthy snack and has important economic value in a number of Mediterranean and Middle Eastern countries.Cultivars with no anthocyanin accumulation in the fruit peel are preferred for dry fig production.R2R3-MYB transcription factors have promotive or repressive regulatory roles in plant anthocyanin biosynthesis.In this study,113 R2R3-MYB genes were identified in Ficus carica,3 of which were assigned to the S4 subfamily of flavonoid-biosynthesis repressors.FcMYB57 was further recruited as a candidate anthocyaninbiosynthesis repressor based on its sequence features and expression,which was significantly negatively correlated with that of anthocyanin-biosynthesis structural genes.Transient overexpression of FcMYB57 in strawberry totally inhibited fruit pigmentation and significantly increased fruit firmness.The metabolomic analysis confirmed a significant reduction in the contents of cyanidin-3-O-glucoside and pelargonidin-3-O-glucoside,as well as other flavonoids,and transmission electron microscopy revealed an increment in cell-wall thickness.Transcriptome analysis showed downregulation of anthocyanin-biosynthesis structural genes and upregulation of genes related to xylan synthesis.Yeast one-hybrid and dual luciferase assays demonstrated a negative regulatory effect of FcMYB57 on the promoter of FcUFGT3(UDP glucose-flavonoid 3-O-glcosyl-transferase).Yeast two-hybrid assay showed that FcMYB57 does not interact with FcbHLH42,3,14,MYC2,or FcTTG1,all of which have a previously identified or predicted role in flavonoid biosynthesis,however,interaction was detected with FcTPL(Topless),suggesting that FcMYB57 serves as an active repressor of anthocyanin biosynthesis.This is the first identification of an anthocyaninbiosynthesis repressor in fig,with a possible role in fig fruit quality.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32372641)the Shandong Provincial Natural Science Foundation,China(ZR2024QC143)the Liaoning Provincial Natural Science Foundation,China(2022-MS-258)。
文摘Anthocyanins are important flavonoid pigments in the coloration of fruits.To identify candidate genes involved in anthocyanin accumulation,metabolic and transcriptome analyses were conducted in‘Nanguo'pear and its red sport cultivar‘Nanhong'pear.The results showed that‘Nanhong'pear had significantly higher anthocyanin and flavonol contents.Additionally,transcriptomic analysis showed that there were significant differences in the expression of genes involved in phenylpropanoid and flavonoid biosynthesis pathways between the two cultivars,with PuGSTF12 being the most upregulated gene in the‘Nanhong'cultivar.Further analysis identified a novel MYB transcription factor(PuMYB93),and its silencing repressed PuGSTF12 expression and anthocyanin accumulation,suggesting it plays an essential role in the regulation of anthocyanin biosynthesis.Moreover,yeast one-hybrid analysis,electrophoretic mobility shift assay,andβ-glucuronidase assay indicated that PuMYB93 can directly bind to the PuGSTF12 promoter to positively regulate its expression.Additionally,PuGSTF12 silencing suppressed the coloration of PuMYB93-OE peels,suggesting that PuGSTF12 act downstream of PuMYB93.Overall,the findings of this study show that PuMYB93 promotes anthocyanin transport in pears by regulating PuGSTF12 expression to further enhance anthocyanin accumulation.
