Rock avalanches frequently lead to catastrophic consequences due to their unpredictably high mobility.Numerous researchers have studied the shear behavior of granular materials under various conditions,attributing the...Rock avalanches frequently lead to catastrophic consequences due to their unpredictably high mobility.Numerous researchers have studied the shear behavior of granular materials under various conditions,attributing the high mobility to ultralow resistance.However,the underlying physical mechanism of frictional weakening remains unclear.This study utilizes the discrete element method(DEM)incorporating the fragment replacement model to simulate plane shear flows under various normal stresses(0.2 e1.2 MPa)and shear velocities(0.01e2 m/s).The findings reveal a localized shear band characterized by a J-shaped velocity profile and high granular temperature,and a concentrated distribution of weak contact forces forms at a shear velocity exceeding 0.1 m/s and normal stress above 0.6 MPa.Moreover,frictional weakening is observed with increasing normal stress from 0.2 MPa to 1.2 MPa and increasing shear velocity from 0.1 m/s to 2 m/s.The evolution of the steady-state friction coefficient can be divided into two stages:an initial stage(I)and a weakening stage(II).During stage I,the steady-state friction coefficient slightly increases until reaching a peak value.However,upon entering stage II,it gradually decreases and approaches an ultimate value.The velocity-and normal stress-dependent frictional weakening can be attributed to shear localization and embedded packing structure induced by particle breakage,respectively.Finally,an optimized m(I)model is proposed to capture the full evolution of the friction coefficient with the shear strain rate,which can improve our understanding of rock avalanche dynamics.展开更多
A collection of 167 Thai and exotic rice accessions was subjected for evaluation of genetic diversity and assessment of relationship by simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers. Among a total of 49 SSR markers, 13 markers...A collection of 167 Thai and exotic rice accessions was subjected for evaluation of genetic diversity and assessment of relationship by simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers. Among a total of 49 SSR markers, 13 markers distributing over 12 rice chromosomes showed clear polymorphic band patterns, and they were selected for genetic assessment. A total of 110 alleles were detected with an average of 8.46 alleles per locus. The averages of gene diversity, heterozygosity and polymorphic information content were 0.59, 0.02 and 0.56, respectively. The unweighted-pair group method with arithmetic averages (UPGMA) clustering analysis was performed for genetic distance, and phylogenetic tree was constructed. The result showed that this rice collection was divided into two major groups, classified as japonica and indica subspecies. Within the japonica group, temperate japonica and tropical japonica subgroups can be clearly separated. Three-dimensional principal component analysis projection and model-based population structure analysis showed consistent clustering results with two major groups of UPGMA analysis, supporting the classification of japonica and indica subspecies. The indica allelic frequency was also investigated to provide an indicative guide for breeders to overcome the practical problems on sterility of inter-subspecies hybrid offspring. This rice collection and information obtained in this study will be useful for rice breeding programs.展开更多
Paw San Hmwe （PSM） rice has been cultivated in many areas of Myanmar for a long time. Strong aroma, good taste and its elongation during cooking are the key characteristics of PSM rice. Thirty-one PSM accessions wer...Paw San Hmwe （PSM） rice has been cultivated in many areas of Myanmar for a long time. Strong aroma, good taste and its elongation during cooking are the key characteristics of PSM rice. Thirty-one PSM accessions were genotypically characterized, and their physical grain and cooking quality traits were studied. We used specific gene markers associated with aroma, apparent amylose content （AAC） and alkali spreading value to determine the alleles carried by different PSM accessions. The results revealed that six PSM accessions （PSM10, PSM12, PSM13, PSM21, PSM22 and PSM30） had a 3-bp insertion in Os2AP gene. Gel consistency （GC） allele was predominant among the PSM accessions for gelatinization temperature （GT）, however, the phenotype observed was between low and intermediate GT because of the combination of the GC allele with the presence of low GT allele at heterozygous state from the other loci of the SSIla gene. Intermediate to high AAC was observed among the PSM accessions corresponding to the haplotype identified for the single nucleotide polymorphism G/T and the （Cm）n repeat in the Wx gene. The characterization and grouping data of PSM accessions posted benefits to Myanmar seed banks, and our results will help in maintaining the integrity of PSM rice variety.展开更多
Emotion detection from the text is a challenging problem in the text analytics.The opinion mining experts are focusing on the development of emotion detection applications as they have received considerable attention ...Emotion detection from the text is a challenging problem in the text analytics.The opinion mining experts are focusing on the development of emotion detection applications as they have received considerable attention of online community including users and business organization for collecting and interpreting public emotions.However,most of the existing works on emotion detection used less efficient machine learning classifiers with limited datasets,resulting in performance degradation.To overcome this issue,this work aims at the evaluation of the performance of different machine learning classifiers on a benchmark emotion dataset.The experimental results show the performance of different machine learning classifiers in terms of different evaluation metrics like precision,recall ad f-measure.Finally,a classifier with the best performance is recommended for the emotion classification.展开更多
Objective:Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma(ICC)and hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)are clinically disparate primary liver cancers with etiological and biological heterogeneity.In Thailand,both cancer types represent the p...Objective:Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma(ICC)and hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)are clinically disparate primary liver cancers with etiological and biological heterogeneity.In Thailand,both cancer types represent the primary cause of cancer-related deaths and are a major public health concern.展开更多
On a deglaciated terrain,glacial gravel is the primary component of the natural habitat for vascular plant colonization and succession.Knowledge regarding the role of glacial gravel in vascular plant growth,however,re...On a deglaciated terrain,glacial gravel is the primary component of the natural habitat for vascular plant colonization and succession.Knowledge regarding the role of glacial gravel in vascular plant growth,however,remains limited.In this study,an unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV)was used to investigate plant family composition,species richness,fractional vegetation cover(FVC),and gravel cover(GC)along elevational gradients on the three glacier forelands(Kekesayi,Jiangmanjiaer,and Koxkar Baxi)of the Third Pole(including the eastern Pamir Plateau and western Tianshan Mountains)in China.We then analyzed the spatial characteristics of vascular plants followed by exploring the effect of glacial gravel on vascular plants.Findings indicated that FVC on these glacier forelands generally decreased as the elevation increased or distance from the current glacier terminus decreased.The shady slope(Kekesayi)was more vegetated in comparison to the sunny slope(Jiangmanjiaer)at the glacier basin scale,and the warm and humid deglaciated terrain(Koxkar Baxi)had the highest FVC at the regional scale.Plant family composition and species richness on the glacier forelands decreased with rising elevation,with the exception of those on the Jiangmanjiaer glacier foreland.The relationships between FVC and GC presented negative correlations;particularly,they exhibited variations in power functions on the Kekesayi and Jiangmanjiaer glacier forelands of the eastern Pamir Plateau and a linear function on the Koxkar Baxi glacier foreland of the western Tianshan Mountains.Glacial gravel was found to be conducive to vegetation colonization and development in the early succession stage up until vascular plants adapted to the cold and arid climatic condition,whereas it is unfavorable to the expansion of vascular plants in the later succession stage.These findings suggested that the spatial difference of plant characteristics had close connections with regional climatic and topographic conditions,as well as glacial gravel distribution.In addition,we concluded that aerial photographs can be an asset for studying the functions of micro-environment in vegetation colonization as well as succession on the glacier forelands.展开更多
Glaciers are highly sensitive to climate change and are undergoing significant changes in mid-latitudes.In this study,we analyzed the spatiotemporal changes of typical glaciers and their responses to climate change in...Glaciers are highly sensitive to climate change and are undergoing significant changes in mid-latitudes.In this study,we analyzed the spatiotemporal changes of typical glaciers and their responses to climate change in the period of 1990-2015 in 4 different mountainous sub-regions in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region of Northwest China:the Bogda Peak and Karlik Mountain sub-regions in the Tianshan Mountains;the Yinsugaiti Glacier sub-region in the Karakorum Mountains;and the Youyi Peak sub-region in the Altay Mountains.The standardized snow cover index(NDSI)and correlation analysis were used to reveal the glacier area changes in the 4 sub-regions from 1990 to 2015.Glacial areas in the Bogda Peak,Karlik Mountain,Yinsugaiti Glacier,and Youyi Peak sub-regions in the period of 1990-2015 decreased by 57.7,369.1,369.1,and 170.4 km^(2),respectively.Analysis of glacier area center of gravity showed that quadrant changes of glacier areas in the 4 sub-regions moved towards the origin.Glacier area on the south aspect of the Karlik Mountain sub-region was larger than that on the north aspect,while glacier areas on the north aspect of the other 3 sub-regions were larger than those on the south aspect.Increased precipitation in the Karlik Mountain sub-region inhibited the retreat of glaciers to a certain extent.However,glacier area changes in the Bogda Peak and Youyi Peak sub-regions were not sensitive to the increased precipitation.On a seasonal time scale,glacier area changes in the Bogda Peak,Karlik Mountain,Yinsugaiti Glacier,and Youyi Peak sub-regions were mainly caused by accumulated temperature in the wet season;on an annual time scale,the correlation coefficient between glacier area and annual average temperature was-0.72 and passed the significance test at P<0.05 level in the Karlik Mountain sub-region.The findings of this study can provide a scientific basis for water resources management in the arid and semi-arid regions of Northwest China in the context of global warming.展开更多
Introduction:Tonsillectomy is one of the most common procedures performed in otolaryngology.There are various methods to perform tonsillectomies(cold and hot).Thermal damage and inflammation of the surrounding tissue ...Introduction:Tonsillectomy is one of the most common procedures performed in otolaryngology.There are various methods to perform tonsillectomies(cold and hot).Thermal damage and inflammation of the surrounding tissue using monopolar cautery is said to point to increased pain whereas immediate cooling of the burnt area is thought to reduce pain owing to heat dissipation.Our objective was to determine the difference in mean post‐tonsillectomy pain scores among patients irrigated with cold water(4℃)and in patients not irrigated with cold water.Material and Methods:A quasi‐experimental trial was conducted from January 2016 to December 2017 at a tertiary care hospital.All tonsillectomies were carried out with monopolar cautery at a power of 20 W.Patients either received cold water irrigation post tonsillectomy of the tonsillar bed(intervention arm)or no irrigation(control arm).The pain score was measured on Days 0,1,3,5,and 7.Pain scores were charted on a visual analog scale on the respective days.Results:Seventy‐eight patients were included in the study.The mean age of our patients was 10.26(4.24)years old in the intervention arm,and 11.95(4.19)years old in the control arm.It was observed that the pain was significantly lower in patients with cold water irrigation of the tonsillar fossa on Days 1,3,5,and 7(p=0.001).There were no readmissions postprocedure and none of our patients developed any complications postsurgery.Conclusions:In this trial,we report a reduced pain score at all days of observation in the intervention group.Irrigation of the tonsillar fossa is a safe,cost-effective,and less technically demanding technique that could be employed to reduce postoperative pain.Further studies with randomization,blinding and a larger sample size could further improve on our results.展开更多
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant Nos.2023YFC3008300 and 2023YFC3008302)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.U22A20603).
文摘Rock avalanches frequently lead to catastrophic consequences due to their unpredictably high mobility.Numerous researchers have studied the shear behavior of granular materials under various conditions,attributing the high mobility to ultralow resistance.However,the underlying physical mechanism of frictional weakening remains unclear.This study utilizes the discrete element method(DEM)incorporating the fragment replacement model to simulate plane shear flows under various normal stresses(0.2 e1.2 MPa)and shear velocities(0.01e2 m/s).The findings reveal a localized shear band characterized by a J-shaped velocity profile and high granular temperature,and a concentrated distribution of weak contact forces forms at a shear velocity exceeding 0.1 m/s and normal stress above 0.6 MPa.Moreover,frictional weakening is observed with increasing normal stress from 0.2 MPa to 1.2 MPa and increasing shear velocity from 0.1 m/s to 2 m/s.The evolution of the steady-state friction coefficient can be divided into two stages:an initial stage(I)and a weakening stage(II).During stage I,the steady-state friction coefficient slightly increases until reaching a peak value.However,upon entering stage II,it gradually decreases and approaches an ultimate value.The velocity-and normal stress-dependent frictional weakening can be attributed to shear localization and embedded packing structure induced by particle breakage,respectively.Finally,an optimized m(I)model is proposed to capture the full evolution of the friction coefficient with the shear strain rate,which can improve our understanding of rock avalanche dynamics.
基金supported by the Center of Excellence on Agricultural Biotechnology,Science and Technology Postgraduate Education and Research Development Office,Office of Higher Education Commission,Ministry of Education(AG-BIO/PERDO-CHE)Agricultural Research Development Agency(ARDA)National Science and Technology Development Agency in Thailand
文摘A collection of 167 Thai and exotic rice accessions was subjected for evaluation of genetic diversity and assessment of relationship by simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers. Among a total of 49 SSR markers, 13 markers distributing over 12 rice chromosomes showed clear polymorphic band patterns, and they were selected for genetic assessment. A total of 110 alleles were detected with an average of 8.46 alleles per locus. The averages of gene diversity, heterozygosity and polymorphic information content were 0.59, 0.02 and 0.56, respectively. The unweighted-pair group method with arithmetic averages (UPGMA) clustering analysis was performed for genetic distance, and phylogenetic tree was constructed. The result showed that this rice collection was divided into two major groups, classified as japonica and indica subspecies. Within the japonica group, temperate japonica and tropical japonica subgroups can be clearly separated. Three-dimensional principal component analysis projection and model-based population structure analysis showed consistent clustering results with two major groups of UPGMA analysis, supporting the classification of japonica and indica subspecies. The indica allelic frequency was also investigated to provide an indicative guide for breeders to overcome the practical problems on sterility of inter-subspecies hybrid offspring. This rice collection and information obtained in this study will be useful for rice breeding programs.
基金supported by the National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology,Thailand (Grant No.P1020028)Generation Challenge Program,Mexico (Grant No.P0900835)
文摘Paw San Hmwe （PSM） rice has been cultivated in many areas of Myanmar for a long time. Strong aroma, good taste and its elongation during cooking are the key characteristics of PSM rice. Thirty-one PSM accessions were genotypically characterized, and their physical grain and cooking quality traits were studied. We used specific gene markers associated with aroma, apparent amylose content （AAC） and alkali spreading value to determine the alleles carried by different PSM accessions. The results revealed that six PSM accessions （PSM10, PSM12, PSM13, PSM21, PSM22 and PSM30） had a 3-bp insertion in Os2AP gene. Gel consistency （GC） allele was predominant among the PSM accessions for gelatinization temperature （GT）, however, the phenotype observed was between low and intermediate GT because of the combination of the GC allele with the presence of low GT allele at heterozygous state from the other loci of the SSIla gene. Intermediate to high AAC was observed among the PSM accessions corresponding to the haplotype identified for the single nucleotide polymorphism G/T and the （Cm）n repeat in the Wx gene. The characterization and grouping data of PSM accessions posted benefits to Myanmar seed banks, and our results will help in maintaining the integrity of PSM rice variety.
基金This work has partially been sponsored by the Hungarian National Scientific Fund under contract OTKA 129374the Research&Development Operational Program for the project“Modernization and Improvement of Technical Infrastructure for Research and Development of J.Selye University in the Fields of Nanotechnology and Intelligent Space”,ITMS 26210120042,co-funded by the European Regional Development Fund.
文摘Emotion detection from the text is a challenging problem in the text analytics.The opinion mining experts are focusing on the development of emotion detection applications as they have received considerable attention of online community including users and business organization for collecting and interpreting public emotions.However,most of the existing works on emotion detection used less efficient machine learning classifiers with limited datasets,resulting in performance degradation.To overcome this issue,this work aims at the evaluation of the performance of different machine learning classifiers on a benchmark emotion dataset.The experimental results show the performance of different machine learning classifiers in terms of different evaluation metrics like precision,recall ad f-measure.Finally,a classifier with the best performance is recommended for the emotion classification.
文摘Objective:Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma(ICC)and hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)are clinically disparate primary liver cancers with etiological and biological heterogeneity.In Thailand,both cancer types represent the primary cause of cancer-related deaths and are a major public health concern.
基金supported by the Strategic Priority Research Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences(XDA19070501)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(41671066)+2 种基金the Ministry of Science and Technology of the People's Republic of China(2018FY100502)the Young Scholars Science Foundation of Lanzhou Jiaotong University(1200061124)the International Partnership Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences(131C11KYSB20160061)。
文摘On a deglaciated terrain,glacial gravel is the primary component of the natural habitat for vascular plant colonization and succession.Knowledge regarding the role of glacial gravel in vascular plant growth,however,remains limited.In this study,an unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV)was used to investigate plant family composition,species richness,fractional vegetation cover(FVC),and gravel cover(GC)along elevational gradients on the three glacier forelands(Kekesayi,Jiangmanjiaer,and Koxkar Baxi)of the Third Pole(including the eastern Pamir Plateau and western Tianshan Mountains)in China.We then analyzed the spatial characteristics of vascular plants followed by exploring the effect of glacial gravel on vascular plants.Findings indicated that FVC on these glacier forelands generally decreased as the elevation increased or distance from the current glacier terminus decreased.The shady slope(Kekesayi)was more vegetated in comparison to the sunny slope(Jiangmanjiaer)at the glacier basin scale,and the warm and humid deglaciated terrain(Koxkar Baxi)had the highest FVC at the regional scale.Plant family composition and species richness on the glacier forelands decreased with rising elevation,with the exception of those on the Jiangmanjiaer glacier foreland.The relationships between FVC and GC presented negative correlations;particularly,they exhibited variations in power functions on the Kekesayi and Jiangmanjiaer glacier forelands of the eastern Pamir Plateau and a linear function on the Koxkar Baxi glacier foreland of the western Tianshan Mountains.Glacial gravel was found to be conducive to vegetation colonization and development in the early succession stage up until vascular plants adapted to the cold and arid climatic condition,whereas it is unfavorable to the expansion of vascular plants in the later succession stage.These findings suggested that the spatial difference of plant characteristics had close connections with regional climatic and topographic conditions,as well as glacial gravel distribution.In addition,we concluded that aerial photographs can be an asset for studying the functions of micro-environment in vegetation colonization as well as succession on the glacier forelands.
基金sponsored by the National Key Research&Development Program of China(2017YFB0504204)the K.C.Wong Education Foundation(GJTD-2020-14)+1 种基金the International Collaboration Project of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(131965KYSB20200029)the New Water Resources Strategic Research Project in Southern Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region,China(403-1005-YBN-FT6I-8)。
文摘Glaciers are highly sensitive to climate change and are undergoing significant changes in mid-latitudes.In this study,we analyzed the spatiotemporal changes of typical glaciers and their responses to climate change in the period of 1990-2015 in 4 different mountainous sub-regions in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region of Northwest China:the Bogda Peak and Karlik Mountain sub-regions in the Tianshan Mountains;the Yinsugaiti Glacier sub-region in the Karakorum Mountains;and the Youyi Peak sub-region in the Altay Mountains.The standardized snow cover index(NDSI)and correlation analysis were used to reveal the glacier area changes in the 4 sub-regions from 1990 to 2015.Glacial areas in the Bogda Peak,Karlik Mountain,Yinsugaiti Glacier,and Youyi Peak sub-regions in the period of 1990-2015 decreased by 57.7,369.1,369.1,and 170.4 km^(2),respectively.Analysis of glacier area center of gravity showed that quadrant changes of glacier areas in the 4 sub-regions moved towards the origin.Glacier area on the south aspect of the Karlik Mountain sub-region was larger than that on the north aspect,while glacier areas on the north aspect of the other 3 sub-regions were larger than those on the south aspect.Increased precipitation in the Karlik Mountain sub-region inhibited the retreat of glaciers to a certain extent.However,glacier area changes in the Bogda Peak and Youyi Peak sub-regions were not sensitive to the increased precipitation.On a seasonal time scale,glacier area changes in the Bogda Peak,Karlik Mountain,Yinsugaiti Glacier,and Youyi Peak sub-regions were mainly caused by accumulated temperature in the wet season;on an annual time scale,the correlation coefficient between glacier area and annual average temperature was-0.72 and passed the significance test at P<0.05 level in the Karlik Mountain sub-region.The findings of this study can provide a scientific basis for water resources management in the arid and semi-arid regions of Northwest China in the context of global warming.
文摘Introduction:Tonsillectomy is one of the most common procedures performed in otolaryngology.There are various methods to perform tonsillectomies(cold and hot).Thermal damage and inflammation of the surrounding tissue using monopolar cautery is said to point to increased pain whereas immediate cooling of the burnt area is thought to reduce pain owing to heat dissipation.Our objective was to determine the difference in mean post‐tonsillectomy pain scores among patients irrigated with cold water(4℃)and in patients not irrigated with cold water.Material and Methods:A quasi‐experimental trial was conducted from January 2016 to December 2017 at a tertiary care hospital.All tonsillectomies were carried out with monopolar cautery at a power of 20 W.Patients either received cold water irrigation post tonsillectomy of the tonsillar bed(intervention arm)or no irrigation(control arm).The pain score was measured on Days 0,1,3,5,and 7.Pain scores were charted on a visual analog scale on the respective days.Results:Seventy‐eight patients were included in the study.The mean age of our patients was 10.26(4.24)years old in the intervention arm,and 11.95(4.19)years old in the control arm.It was observed that the pain was significantly lower in patients with cold water irrigation of the tonsillar fossa on Days 1,3,5,and 7(p=0.001).There were no readmissions postprocedure and none of our patients developed any complications postsurgery.Conclusions:In this trial,we report a reduced pain score at all days of observation in the intervention group.Irrigation of the tonsillar fossa is a safe,cost-effective,and less technically demanding technique that could be employed to reduce postoperative pain.Further studies with randomization,blinding and a larger sample size could further improve on our results.
