Acetone-butanol-ethanol(ABE)fermentation is a primary strategy for producing bio-based n-butanol from abundant renewable biomass.In the typical ABE production chain,distillation is an essential unit for high purity AB...Acetone-butanol-ethanol(ABE)fermentation is a primary strategy for producing bio-based n-butanol from abundant renewable biomass.In the typical ABE production chain,distillation is an essential unit for high purity ABE productions,but has long been criticized by the energy-inefficient processes due to the extremely low solvents concentration received in the upstream fermentation system.Over the past decades,efforts have been dedicated to developing eco-efficient ABE distillation processes aimed at reducing both energy costs and capital investments.In this review,a comprehensive overview on ABE distillation systems is provided from physico-chemical properties in feed and thermodynamics to the process constructions and applications.The recent trends in distillation sequence construction that fitting with the rapid developed upstream in situ product recovery(ISPR)systems are emphasized.Furthermore,towards developing a more efficient ABE distillation system,the review takes a broad overview of the intensification strategies for ABE distillation.Along with systematic introduction of the key examples,the future directions for ABE distillation techniques development are also discussed towards a sustainable and low-carbon emission biorefineries.展开更多
The remaining useful life(RUL)estimation of bearings is critical for ensuring the reliability of mechanical systems.Owing to the rapid development of deep learning methods,a multitude of data-driven RUL estimation app...The remaining useful life(RUL)estimation of bearings is critical for ensuring the reliability of mechanical systems.Owing to the rapid development of deep learning methods,a multitude of data-driven RUL estimation approaches have been proposed recently.However,the following problems remain in existing methods:1)Most network models use raw data or statistical features as input,which renders it difficult to extract complex fault-related information hidden in signals;2)for current observations,the dependence between current states is emphasized,but their complex dependence on previous states is often disregarded;3)the output of neural networks is directly used as the estimated RUL in most studies,resulting in extremely volatile prediction results that lack robustness.Hence,a novel prognostics approach is proposed based on a time-frequency representation(TFR)subsequence,three-dimensional convolutional neural network(3DCNN),and Gaussian process regression(GPR).The approach primarily comprises two aspects:construction of a health indicator(HI)using the TFR-subsequence-3DCNN model,and RUL estimation based on the GPR model.The raw signals of the bearings are converted into TFR-subsequences by continuous wavelet transform and a dislocated overlapping strategy.Subsequently,the 3DCNN is applied to extract the hidden spatiotemporal features from the TFR-subsequences and construct HIs.Finally,the RUL of the bearings is estimated using the GPR model,which can also define the probability distribution of the potential function and prediction confidence.Experiments on the PRONOSTIA platform demonstrate the superiority of the proposed TFR-subsequence-3DCNN-GPR approach.The use of degradation-related spatiotemporal features in signals is proposed herein to achieve a highly accurate bearing RUL prediction with uncertainty quantification.展开更多
For the detection of marine ship objects in radar images, large-scale networks based on deep learning are difficult to be deployed on existing radar-equipped devices. This paper proposes a lightweight convolutional ne...For the detection of marine ship objects in radar images, large-scale networks based on deep learning are difficult to be deployed on existing radar-equipped devices. This paper proposes a lightweight convolutional neural network, LiraNet, which combines the idea of dense connections, residual connections and group convolution, including stem blocks and extractor modules.The designed stem block uses a series of small convolutions to extract the input image features, and the extractor network adopts the designed two-way dense connection module, which further reduces the network operation complexity. Mounting LiraNet on the object detection framework Darknet, this paper proposes Lira-you only look once(Lira-YOLO), a lightweight model for ship detection in radar images, which can easily be deployed on the mobile devices. Lira-YOLO's prediction module uses a two-layer YOLO prediction layer and adds a residual module for better feature delivery. At the same time, in order to fully verify the performance of the model, mini-RD, a lightweight distance Doppler domain radar images dataset, is constructed. Experiments show that the network complexity of Lira-YOLO is low, being only 2.980 Bflops, and the parameter quantity is smaller, which is only 4.3 MB. The mean average precision(mAP) indicators on the mini-RD and SAR ship detection dataset(SSDD) reach 83.21% and 85.46%, respectively,which is comparable to the tiny-YOLOv3. Lira-YOLO has achieved a good detection accuracy with less memory and computational cost.展开更多
Objective The assay of DNA mismatch repair （MMR） activity can be used as a biomarker for environmental condition detection and human disease diagnosis. Radioactive 32p-endlabeled DNA containing mismatch is extensive...Objective The assay of DNA mismatch repair （MMR） activity can be used as a biomarker for environmental condition detection and human disease diagnosis. Radioactive 32p-endlabeled DNA containing mismatch is extensively used as the substrate for MMR activity analyses. The aim of the present study is to develop a simple non-radioactive, but equally specific and sensitive method for the MMR activity assay. Methods A fluorescent label was chosen to replace the radioactive isotope label. Sensitive evaluation of the fluorescent label was carried out for the first time, and then the fluorescent label was compared with the isotope label in the MMR activity and DNA binding assays. Result LOD （limit of detection） of the fluorescent label was about 0.1 fmol and the relative signal strength displayed a pretty good linear relationship. Moreover, the fluorescent label method has equivalent sensitivity and performance as compared with the classical radioactive method in experiments. Conclusion In light of the sensitivity, reproducibility, safety, rapidity and long lifespan of the fluorescent label, this improved method can be applied to evaluation of biologic and toxic effects of environmental pollutants on man and other forms of life.展开更多
The authors discovered in first time that the weight of materials or its gravitational force by earth related to its temperature and its ferromagnetism. An experiment was designed to elevate the temperatures of six di...The authors discovered in first time that the weight of materials or its gravitational force by earth related to its temperature and its ferromagnetism. An experiment was designed to elevate the temperatures of six different materials （Au, Ag, Cu, Fe, Al, Ni） up to 600 ℃and precisely measured their weights. It is found all the materials weigh about 0.33 ‰ - 0. 82 ‰ less. For example the weight of silver sample weighted by a precision electronic scale in a manner of special design decreases about 0.8 ‰, when its temperature is elevated to 600 ℃. Thus different metals＇ gravitational forces or weights are adjusted with temperature variation.展开更多
CeO_2–CaO–Pd/HZSM-5 catalyst was prepared for the dimethyl ether(DME) one-step synthesis in a continuous fixed-bed micro-reactor from the sulfur-containing syngas. The catalytic stability over hybrid catalyst of Ce...CeO_2–CaO–Pd/HZSM-5 catalyst was prepared for the dimethyl ether(DME) one-step synthesis in a continuous fixed-bed micro-reactor from the sulfur-containing syngas. The catalytic stability over hybrid catalyst of CeO_2–CaO–Pd/HZSM-5 was investigated to ensure that the kinetics experimental results were not significantly influenced by induction period and catalytic deactivation. A large number of kinetic data points(40 sets) were obtained over a range of temperature(240–300 °C), pressure(3–4 MPa), gas hourly space velocity(GHSV)(2000–3000 L·kg^(-1)·h^(-1)) and H_2/CO mole ratio(2–3). Kinetic model for the methanol synthesis reaction and the dehydration of methanol were obtained separately according to reaction mechanism and Langmuir–Hinshelwood mechanism. Regression parameters were investigated by the method combining the simplex method and Runge–Kutta method. The model calculations were in appropriate accordance with the experimental data.展开更多
In the present work,two Troger's base-based macrocycles(TBBMs)with different bridging ethylene glycol chains(T1,n=1;T3,n=3)were successfully synthesized and studied via the crystal analysis.These two TBBMs possess...In the present work,two Troger's base-based macrocycles(TBBMs)with different bridging ethylene glycol chains(T1,n=1;T3,n=3)were successfully synthesized and studied via the crystal analysis.These two TBBMs possess rare rectangular-like cavities and show chiral selection during the crystallization.T1with short glycol chain(n=1)crystallized as racemates,while T3 with long glycol chain(n=3)was found as meso isomer.In contrast to T1 and T3,for T2(n=2)both rac-T2 and meso isomer R2NS2N-T2has been observed in our previous report.Thus,the synthesis of new TBBMs T1 and T3 with different bridging ethylene glycol chains not only makes the study of TBBMs more systematically,but also helps to understand the relationship between the size of the rectangular cavity and the chiral selection of Troger's base-based macrocycles during their crystallization.展开更多
Image fusion has been developing into an important area of research. In remote sensing, the use of the same image sensor in different working modes, or different image sensors, can provide reinforcing or complementary...Image fusion has been developing into an important area of research. In remote sensing, the use of the same image sensor in different working modes, or different image sensors, can provide reinforcing or complementary information. Therefore, it is highly valuable to fuse outputs from multiple sensors (or the same sensor in different working modes) to improve the overall performance of the remote images, which are very useful for human visual perception and image processing task. Accordingly, in this paper, we first provide a comprehensive survey of the state of the art of multi-sensor image fusion methods in terms of three aspects: pixel-level fusion, feature-level fusion and decision-level fusion. An overview of existing fusion strategies is then introduced, after which the existing fusion quality measures are summarized. Finally, this review analyzes the development trends in fusion algorithms that may attract researchers to further explore the research in this field.展开更多
The title compound 1,4,7,10-tetrakis（2-（4-methoxyphenoxy）ethyl）-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane hydrobromide derivated from cyclen has been synthesized by 4-methoxyphenol via two steps and characterized by ^1H NMR ...The title compound 1,4,7,10-tetrakis（2-（4-methoxyphenoxy）ethyl）-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane hydrobromide derivated from cyclen has been synthesized by 4-methoxyphenol via two steps and characterized by ^1H NMR and X-ray single-crystal diffraction. The crystal belongs to the orthorhombic system, space group Pbcn with a = 17.3174（15）, b = 12.9891（11）, c = 19.3379（17） A, V = 4349.8（7） ？3, Z = 4, Dc = 1.304 g/cm3, Mr = 853.87, F（000） = 1808, μ = 1.001 mm^-1, Mo Ka radiation（λ = 0.71073 A）, R = 0.0467 and w R = 0.1045 for 2774 observed reflections with I 〉 2σ（I）. X-ray structural analysis reveals that the molecular structure of the title compound is stabilized by intramolecular C–H···O and C–H···Br hydrogen-bonding interactions, and a 3D 2-fold interpenetrated supramolecular framework is constructed by intermolecular C–H···O and C–H···Br hydrogen-bonding interactions.展开更多
Live bacteria-mediated antitumor therapies mark a pivotal point in cancer immunotherapy.However,the difficulty in reconciling the safety and efficacy of bacterial therapies has limited their application.Improving bact...Live bacteria-mediated antitumor therapies mark a pivotal point in cancer immunotherapy.However,the difficulty in reconciling the safety and efficacy of bacterial therapies has limited their application.Improving bacterial tumor-targeted delivery while maintaining biosafety is a critical hurdle for the clinical translation of live microbial therapy for cancer.Here,we developed“dead”yet“functional”Salmonella-loaded macrophages using liquid nitrogen cold shock of an attenuated Salmonella typhimurium VNP20009-contained macrophage cell line.The obtained“dead”macrophages achieve an average loading of approximately 257 live bacteria per 100 cells.The engineered cells maintain an intact cellular structure but lose their original pathogenicity,while intracellular bacteria retain their original biological activity and are delay freed,followed by proliferation.This“Trojan horse”-like bacterial camouflage strategy avoids bacterial immunogenicity-induced neutrophil recruitment and activation in peripheral blood,reduces the clearance of bacteria by neutrophils and enhances bacterial tumor enrichment efficiently after systemic administration.Furthermore,this strategy also strongly activated the tumor microenvironment,including increasing antitumor effector cells(including M1-like macrophages and CD8+Teffs)and decreasing protumor effector cells(including M2-like macrophages and CD4+Tregs),and ultimately improved antitumor efficacy in a subcutaneous H22 tumor-bearing mouse model.The cryo-shocked macrophage-mediated bacterial delivery strategy holds promise for expanding the therapeutic applications of living bacteria for cancer.展开更多
Chiral thermally activated delayed fluorescence(TADF) molecules showing circularly polarized luminescence(CPL) have great potential in 3D displays. However, the relationships among CPL property, device performance and...Chiral thermally activated delayed fluorescence(TADF) molecules showing circularly polarized luminescence(CPL) have great potential in 3D displays. However, the relationships among CPL property, device performance and molecule structure are still not clear. In this article, we develop a strategy to promote dissymmetry factors without sacrifice in device performance and study the impact of molecule structures towards CPL property. Three novel TADF enantiomers are synthesized and studied.(R/S)-SCN with diminutive cyano group as an acceptor shows dissymmetry factor |gPL| ≈ 1.4×10^(-3) and noticeable organic light-emitting diode(OLED) performances with a maximum external quantum efficiency(EQEmax) of 23.0%. For(R/S)-SPHCN, the prolonged electron withdrawing group benzonitrile enhances |gPL| up to 3.6×10^(-3) with decreased device EQEmaxof 15.4%. By further replacing benzonitrile with(trifluoromethyl)pyridine, the enantiomers of(R/S)-SCFPY show similar |gPL| factors of 3.5×10^(-3) and device EQE_(max)up to 23.3%, which represents the highest efficiency among sprio-type TADF materials based OLEDs. Furthermore, the OLEDs also show obvious circularly polarized electroluminescence with gELfactors of-1.4/1.8×10^(-3),-3.6/3.6×10^(-3) and-3.7/3.6×10^(-3), respectively. These results indecate by delicate functional group engineering, high g factor can be achieved while maintaining decent device performances. Besides,(R/S)-SCFPY represents an impressive TADF emitter, which shows promoted g factor and recorded high device EQE_(max)among similar molecules.展开更多
Bacterial antitumor therapy has great application potential given its unique characteristics,including genetic manipulation, tumor targeting specificity and immune system modulation. However,the nonnegligible side eff...Bacterial antitumor therapy has great application potential given its unique characteristics,including genetic manipulation, tumor targeting specificity and immune system modulation. However,the nonnegligible side effects and limited efficacy of clinical treatment limit their biomedical applications. Engineered bacteria for therapeutic applications ideally need to avoid their accumulation in normal organs and possess potent antitumor activity. Here, we show that macrophage-mediated tumor-targeted delivery of Salmonella typhimurium VNP20009 can effectively reduce the toxicity caused by administrating VNP20009 alone in a melanoma mouse model. This benefits from tumor-induced chemotaxis for macrophages combined with their slow release of loaded strains. Inspired by changes in the tumor microenvironment, including a decrease in intratumoral dysfunctional CD8+T cells and an increase in PDL1 on the tumor cell surface, macrophages were loaded with the engineered strain VNP-PD1nb, which can express and secrete anti-PD1 nanoantibodies after they are released from macrophages. This novel triple-combined immunotherapy significantly inhibited melanoma tumors by reactivating the tumor microenvironment by increasing immune cell infiltration, inhibiting tumor cell proliferation, remodeling TAMs to an M1-like phenotype and prominently activating CD8+T cells. These data suggest that novel combination immunotherapy is expected to be a breakthrough relative to single immunotherapy.展开更多
Salmonella:mediated cancer therapy has achieved remarkable anti-tumor effects in experimental animal models,but the detailed mechanism remains unsolved.In this report,the active involvement of the host immune response...Salmonella:mediated cancer therapy has achieved remarkable anti-tumor effects in experimental animal models,but the detailed mechanism remains unsolved.In this report,the active involvement of the host immune response in this process was confirmed by comparing the tumor-suppressive effects of Salmonella in immunocompetent and immunodeficient mice bearing melanoma allografts.Since flagella are key inducers of the host immune response during bacterial infection,flagella were genetically disrupted to analyse their involvement in Salmonella-mediated cancer therapy.The results showed that flagellum-deficient strains failed to induce significant anti-tumor effects,even when more bacteria were administered to offset the difference in invasion efficiency.Flagella mainly activate immune cells via Flagellin/Toll-like receptor 5(TLR5)signalling pathway.Indeed,we showed that exogenous activation of TLR5 signalling by recombinant Flagellin and exogenous expression of TLR5 both enhanced the therapeutic efficacy of flagellum-deficient Salmonella against melanoma.Our study highlighted the therapeutic value of the interaction between Salmonella and the host immune response through Flagellin/TLR5 signalling pathway during Salmonella-mediated cancer therapy,thereby suggesting the potential application of TLR5 agonists in the cancer immune therapy.展开更多
Tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis inducing ligand(TRAIL)is a promising antitumor therapy against lung cancer which is currently undergoing a phase II clinical trial in China.Unfortunately some cancer patients in...Tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis inducing ligand(TRAIL)is a promising antitumor therapy against lung cancer which is currently undergoing a phase II clinical trial in China.Unfortunately some cancer patients in the clinical trial displayed resistance to TR AIL treatment.In investigating ways to overcome this resistance,we evaluated the inhibitory effect of galangin on TRAIL resistant A549 human lung adenocarcinoma cells.Here we report that,in comparison with the single agents,the combination of galangin and TRAIL markedly suppressed proliferation of A549 cells and induced apoptosis as shown by DAPI and JC-1 staining.The combination of galangin and TRAIL induced PARP cleavage,activation of caspase-8 and p38 MAPK(mitogen-activated protein kinases).These findings indicate that the combination of galangin and TRAIL may constitute a promising strategy for the treatment of lung cancer.展开更多
The derailed nasal epithelial barrier is associated with the disorder of tight junctions(TJ)function or expression,leading to more penetration of allergens to the barrier,accompanied by the release of cytokines,which ...The derailed nasal epithelial barrier is associated with the disorder of tight junctions(TJ)function or expression,leading to more penetration of allergens to the barrier,accompanied by the release of cytokines,which develop allergic rhinitis(AR).Considering the increasing AR disease incidence worldwide,there is still an urgent unmet medical need to develop new therapeutics.Tumor necrosis factor-alpha(TNF-α)inhibitors have been applied in treating autoimmune diseases.However,their roles in AR remain unclear.In this study,anti-TNF-αnanobody(V)was assembled with tannic acid(V/TA)as a functional antibody drug candidate which could inhibit the release of the cytokines in ovalbumin(OVA)-induced AR murine model.Upon receiving V/TA treatment,the infiltration level of inflammatory cells,and the number of mucus-secreting cells and mast cells in the nasal mucosa recovered to a relatively normal level.Preliminary mechanism of action research revealed that the efficacy of V/TA was accompanied by the restricted level of TJ molecules:zonula occluden-1(ZO-1),occludin,claudin-1,and claudin-5.The therapeutic effect of the anti-TNF-αnanobody against AR was enhanced with the tannic acid assisted without any toxicity observed.This study supplied a promising delivery strategy of TNF-αinhibitor for the effective treatment of complicated allergic rhinitis disease,with an advantage in restoring effect on the AR-caused epithelial barrier defects than the commercial drug Infliximab.展开更多
Inflammatory bowel disease(IBD)is a chronic and relapsing disorder for many people associated with poor health.Although there are some clinical drugs for IBD treatment,the development of effective therapeutics on IBD ...Inflammatory bowel disease(IBD)is a chronic and relapsing disorder for many people associated with poor health.Although there are some clinical drugs for IBD treatment,the development of effective therapeutics on IBD patients has always been necessary.Here,we show that externalized phosphatidylserine(PS)is observed on the surface of colonic capillaries.Annexin A5(ANXA5)with high affinity for PS has a good targeting to the colon and effectively alleviates experimental colitis.In contrast,ANXA5 mutant(A5m)lacking the PS-binding ability,has no accumulation in the colon and no therapeutic effects on colitis.Mechanistic investigations indicate that ANXA5 reduces the inflammatory cell infiltration by inhibiting endothelial cell activation dependent on PS-binding ability.With the increasing of PS exposure on activated HUVECs(human umbilical vein endothelial cells),ANXA5 binding induces the internalization of TLR4 via PS-dependent endocytosis.We provide new insights on the molecular mechanism of ANXA5 for its anti-inflammatory effect.Our data suggest that PS-externalization is a potential target of ANXA5 aiming at targeted drug delivery(TDD)for IBD treatment.展开更多
The fault diagnosis of bearings is crucial in ensuring the reliability of rotating machinery.Deep neural networks have provided unprecedented opportunities to condition monitoring from a new perspective due to the pow...The fault diagnosis of bearings is crucial in ensuring the reliability of rotating machinery.Deep neural networks have provided unprecedented opportunities to condition monitoring from a new perspective due to the powerful ability in learning fault-related knowledge.However,the inexplicability and low generalization ability of fault diagnosis models still bar them from the application.To address this issue,this paper explores a decision-tree-structured neural network,that is,the deep convolutional tree-inspired network(DCTN),for the hierarchical fault diagnosis of bearings.The proposed model effectively integrates the advantages of convolutional neural network(CNN)and decision tree methods by rebuilding the output decision layer of CNN according to the hierarchical structural characteristics of the decision tree,which is by no means a simple combination of the two models.The proposed DCTN model has unique advantages in 1)the hierarchical structure that can support more accuracy and comprehensive fault diagnosis,2)the better interpretability of the model output with hierarchical decision making,and 3)more powerful generalization capabilities for the samples across fault severities.The multiclass fault diagnosis case and cross-severity fault diagnosis case are executed on a multicondition aeronautical bearing test rig.Experimental results can fully demonstrate the feasibility and superiority of the proposed method.展开更多
This study was designed to evaluate ERK5 expression in lung cancer and malignant melanoma progression and to ascertain the involvement of ERK5 signaling in lung cancer and melanoma.We show that ERK5 expression is abun...This study was designed to evaluate ERK5 expression in lung cancer and malignant melanoma progression and to ascertain the involvement of ERK5 signaling in lung cancer and melanoma.We show that ERK5 expression is abundant in human lung cancer samples,and elevated ERK5 expression in lung cancer was linked to the acquisition of increased metastatic and invasive potential.Importantly,we observed a significant correlation between ERK5 activity and FAK expression and its phosphorylation at the Ser910 site.Mechanistically,ERK5 increased the expression of the transcription factor USF1,which could transcriptionally upregulate FAK expression,resulting in FAK signaling activation to promote cell migration.We also provided evidence that the phosphorylation of FAK at Ser910 was due to ERK5 but not ERK1/2,and we then suggested a role for Ser910 in the control of cell motility.In addition,ERK5 had targets in addition to FAK that regulate epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and cell motility in cancer cells.Taken together,our findings uncover a cancer metastasis-promoting role for ERK5 and provide the rationale for targeting ERK5 as a potential therapeutic approach.展开更多
Dear Editor,As a successful drug for inflammatory diseases,the application of TNF-αinhibitor on cancer therapy is limited by repeated administration and off-target effects.1 A body of evidence indicated that the anti...Dear Editor,As a successful drug for inflammatory diseases,the application of TNF-αinhibitor on cancer therapy is limited by repeated administration and off-target effects.1 A body of evidence indicated that the anti-tumor efficacy of TNF-αinhibitor is unsatisfactory,though repeated administration was used to improve its efficacy in tumor-treating fields,it will also lead to severe side effects and high cost.2,3,4 Hence,an efficient and highly targeted TNF-αantibody delivery system is worth developing.展开更多
FADD is an important proapoptotic adaptor in death receptor-induced apoptosis. Recently, FADD has been found to participate in a variety of non-apoptotic processes, such as development, cell cycle progression and surv...FADD is an important proapoptotic adaptor in death receptor-induced apoptosis. Recently, FADD has been found to participate in a variety of non-apoptotic processes, such as development, cell cycle progression and survival. Its non-apoptotic activities were regulated by the phosphorylated status of the serine residue located at the C-terminal region, a domain distinct from the proapoptotic function related DED and DD domains. However, due to the difficulties in expression and crystallization of natural FADD, by far the molecuiar structures of all FADD variants did not contain the C-terminal region. To elucidate the structure-function relationship of C-terminal region, we need to obtain a FADD variant that containing C-terminal region. In this study, mouse FADD （80-205） containing DD domain and C-terminal region, designated as C-FADD, was expressed in E. coli with His-tag at the N-terminus and purified by Ni^2＋ affinity chromatography. The purified protein existed as a homogenous monomer in glutaraldehyde cross-linking analysis and exhibited a typical a-helix spectrum in CD （circular dichroism） assay. In vitro His-tag pull-down assay demonstrated that the purified C-FADD possessed the CK Ia-binding activity which was important for its non-apoptotic function.展开更多
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22078018)the Natural Science Foundation of Beijing(2222016).
文摘Acetone-butanol-ethanol(ABE)fermentation is a primary strategy for producing bio-based n-butanol from abundant renewable biomass.In the typical ABE production chain,distillation is an essential unit for high purity ABE productions,but has long been criticized by the energy-inefficient processes due to the extremely low solvents concentration received in the upstream fermentation system.Over the past decades,efforts have been dedicated to developing eco-efficient ABE distillation processes aimed at reducing both energy costs and capital investments.In this review,a comprehensive overview on ABE distillation systems is provided from physico-chemical properties in feed and thermodynamics to the process constructions and applications.The recent trends in distillation sequence construction that fitting with the rapid developed upstream in situ product recovery(ISPR)systems are emphasized.Furthermore,towards developing a more efficient ABE distillation system,the review takes a broad overview of the intensification strategies for ABE distillation.Along with systematic introduction of the key examples,the future directions for ABE distillation techniques development are also discussed towards a sustainable and low-carbon emission biorefineries.
基金Supported by National Key Research and Development Project of China(Grant No.2020YFB2007700)State Key Laboratory of Tribology Initiative Research Program(Grant No.SKLT2020D21)+2 种基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.51975309)Shaanxi Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.2019JQ-712)Young Talent Fund of University Association for Science and Technology in Shaanxi(Grant No.20170511).
文摘The remaining useful life(RUL)estimation of bearings is critical for ensuring the reliability of mechanical systems.Owing to the rapid development of deep learning methods,a multitude of data-driven RUL estimation approaches have been proposed recently.However,the following problems remain in existing methods:1)Most network models use raw data or statistical features as input,which renders it difficult to extract complex fault-related information hidden in signals;2)for current observations,the dependence between current states is emphasized,but their complex dependence on previous states is often disregarded;3)the output of neural networks is directly used as the estimated RUL in most studies,resulting in extremely volatile prediction results that lack robustness.Hence,a novel prognostics approach is proposed based on a time-frequency representation(TFR)subsequence,three-dimensional convolutional neural network(3DCNN),and Gaussian process regression(GPR).The approach primarily comprises two aspects:construction of a health indicator(HI)using the TFR-subsequence-3DCNN model,and RUL estimation based on the GPR model.The raw signals of the bearings are converted into TFR-subsequences by continuous wavelet transform and a dislocated overlapping strategy.Subsequently,the 3DCNN is applied to extract the hidden spatiotemporal features from the TFR-subsequences and construct HIs.Finally,the RUL of the bearings is estimated using the GPR model,which can also define the probability distribution of the potential function and prediction confidence.Experiments on the PRONOSTIA platform demonstrate the superiority of the proposed TFR-subsequence-3DCNN-GPR approach.The use of degradation-related spatiotemporal features in signals is proposed herein to achieve a highly accurate bearing RUL prediction with uncertainty quantification.
基金supported by the Joint Fund of Equipment Pre-Research and Aerospace Science and Industry (6141B07090102)。
文摘For the detection of marine ship objects in radar images, large-scale networks based on deep learning are difficult to be deployed on existing radar-equipped devices. This paper proposes a lightweight convolutional neural network, LiraNet, which combines the idea of dense connections, residual connections and group convolution, including stem blocks and extractor modules.The designed stem block uses a series of small convolutions to extract the input image features, and the extractor network adopts the designed two-way dense connection module, which further reduces the network operation complexity. Mounting LiraNet on the object detection framework Darknet, this paper proposes Lira-you only look once(Lira-YOLO), a lightweight model for ship detection in radar images, which can easily be deployed on the mobile devices. Lira-YOLO's prediction module uses a two-layer YOLO prediction layer and adds a residual module for better feature delivery. At the same time, in order to fully verify the performance of the model, mini-RD, a lightweight distance Doppler domain radar images dataset, is constructed. Experiments show that the network complexity of Lira-YOLO is low, being only 2.980 Bflops, and the parameter quantity is smaller, which is only 4.3 MB. The mean average precision(mAP) indicators on the mini-RD and SAR ship detection dataset(SSDD) reach 83.21% and 85.46%, respectively,which is comparable to the tiny-YOLOv3. Lira-YOLO has achieved a good detection accuracy with less memory and computational cost.
基金grants from the Chinese National Natural Sciences Foundation(30821006,50973046)the Doctoral Station Science Foundation from the Chinese Ministry of Education(200802840023)the Jiangsu Provincial Natural Science Foundation (BK2010046,BK2008138,BK2008072,BY2009147)
文摘Objective The assay of DNA mismatch repair （MMR） activity can be used as a biomarker for environmental condition detection and human disease diagnosis. Radioactive 32p-endlabeled DNA containing mismatch is extensively used as the substrate for MMR activity analyses. The aim of the present study is to develop a simple non-radioactive, but equally specific and sensitive method for the MMR activity assay. Methods A fluorescent label was chosen to replace the radioactive isotope label. Sensitive evaluation of the fluorescent label was carried out for the first time, and then the fluorescent label was compared with the isotope label in the MMR activity and DNA binding assays. Result LOD （limit of detection） of the fluorescent label was about 0.1 fmol and the relative signal strength displayed a pretty good linear relationship. Moreover, the fluorescent label method has equivalent sensitivity and performance as compared with the classical radioactive method in experiments. Conclusion In light of the sensitivity, reproducibility, safety, rapidity and long lifespan of the fluorescent label, this improved method can be applied to evaluation of biologic and toxic effects of environmental pollutants on man and other forms of life.
文摘The authors discovered in first time that the weight of materials or its gravitational force by earth related to its temperature and its ferromagnetism. An experiment was designed to elevate the temperatures of six different materials （Au, Ag, Cu, Fe, Al, Ni） up to 600 ℃and precisely measured their weights. It is found all the materials weigh about 0.33 ‰ - 0. 82 ‰ less. For example the weight of silver sample weighted by a precision electronic scale in a manner of special design decreases about 0.8 ‰, when its temperature is elevated to 600 ℃. Thus different metals＇ gravitational forces or weights are adjusted with temperature variation.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(51204179,51204182,51674256)The Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province,China(BK20141242)
文摘CeO_2–CaO–Pd/HZSM-5 catalyst was prepared for the dimethyl ether(DME) one-step synthesis in a continuous fixed-bed micro-reactor from the sulfur-containing syngas. The catalytic stability over hybrid catalyst of CeO_2–CaO–Pd/HZSM-5 was investigated to ensure that the kinetics experimental results were not significantly influenced by induction period and catalytic deactivation. A large number of kinetic data points(40 sets) were obtained over a range of temperature(240–300 °C), pressure(3–4 MPa), gas hourly space velocity(GHSV)(2000–3000 L·kg^(-1)·h^(-1)) and H_2/CO mole ratio(2–3). Kinetic model for the methanol synthesis reaction and the dehydration of methanol were obtained separately according to reaction mechanism and Langmuir–Hinshelwood mechanism. Regression parameters were investigated by the method combining the simplex method and Runge–Kutta method. The model calculations were in appropriate accordance with the experimental data.
基金the financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.21901113,21871135)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(No.BK20190287)financially supported by the Starry Night Science Foundation of Zhejiang University Shanghai Institute for Advanced Study(No.SN-ZJU-SIAS-006)。
文摘In the present work,two Troger's base-based macrocycles(TBBMs)with different bridging ethylene glycol chains(T1,n=1;T3,n=3)were successfully synthesized and studied via the crystal analysis.These two TBBMs possess rare rectangular-like cavities and show chiral selection during the crystallization.T1with short glycol chain(n=1)crystallized as racemates,while T3 with long glycol chain(n=3)was found as meso isomer.In contrast to T1 and T3,for T2(n=2)both rac-T2 and meso isomer R2NS2N-T2has been observed in our previous report.Thus,the synthesis of new TBBMs T1 and T3 with different bridging ethylene glycol chains not only makes the study of TBBMs more systematically,but also helps to understand the relationship between the size of the rectangular cavity and the chiral selection of Troger's base-based macrocycles during their crystallization.
文摘Image fusion has been developing into an important area of research. In remote sensing, the use of the same image sensor in different working modes, or different image sensors, can provide reinforcing or complementary information. Therefore, it is highly valuable to fuse outputs from multiple sensors (or the same sensor in different working modes) to improve the overall performance of the remote images, which are very useful for human visual perception and image processing task. Accordingly, in this paper, we first provide a comprehensive survey of the state of the art of multi-sensor image fusion methods in terms of three aspects: pixel-level fusion, feature-level fusion and decision-level fusion. An overview of existing fusion strategies is then introduced, after which the existing fusion quality measures are summarized. Finally, this review analyzes the development trends in fusion algorithms that may attract researchers to further explore the research in this field.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.21572026 and 21002009)the Scientific and Technological Project of Changzhou(CE20135009)Changzhou University,Advanced Catalysis and Green Manufacturing Collaborative Innovation Center
文摘The title compound 1,4,7,10-tetrakis（2-（4-methoxyphenoxy）ethyl）-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane hydrobromide derivated from cyclen has been synthesized by 4-methoxyphenol via two steps and characterized by ^1H NMR and X-ray single-crystal diffraction. The crystal belongs to the orthorhombic system, space group Pbcn with a = 17.3174（15）, b = 12.9891（11）, c = 19.3379（17） A, V = 4349.8（7） ？3, Z = 4, Dc = 1.304 g/cm3, Mr = 853.87, F（000） = 1808, μ = 1.001 mm^-1, Mo Ka radiation（λ = 0.71073 A）, R = 0.0467 and w R = 0.1045 for 2774 observed reflections with I 〉 2σ（I）. X-ray structural analysis reveals that the molecular structure of the title compound is stabilized by intramolecular C–H···O and C–H···Br hydrogen-bonding interactions, and a 3D 2-fold interpenetrated supramolecular framework is constructed by intermolecular C–H···O and C–H···Br hydrogen-bonding interactions.
基金supported in part by grants from the National Natural Sciences Foundation of China(82130106,32250016,82303774)Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(BK20230165,BE2023695,BK20231136)+2 种基金China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2023M731634)Nanjing Special Fund for Life and Health Science and Technology(202110016)Changzhou Municipal Department of Science and Technology(CJ20230017,CJ20220019,CJ20235009)。
文摘Live bacteria-mediated antitumor therapies mark a pivotal point in cancer immunotherapy.However,the difficulty in reconciling the safety and efficacy of bacterial therapies has limited their application.Improving bacterial tumor-targeted delivery while maintaining biosafety is a critical hurdle for the clinical translation of live microbial therapy for cancer.Here,we developed“dead”yet“functional”Salmonella-loaded macrophages using liquid nitrogen cold shock of an attenuated Salmonella typhimurium VNP20009-contained macrophage cell line.The obtained“dead”macrophages achieve an average loading of approximately 257 live bacteria per 100 cells.The engineered cells maintain an intact cellular structure but lose their original pathogenicity,while intracellular bacteria retain their original biological activity and are delay freed,followed by proliferation.This“Trojan horse”-like bacterial camouflage strategy avoids bacterial immunogenicity-induced neutrophil recruitment and activation in peripheral blood,reduces the clearance of bacteria by neutrophils and enhances bacterial tumor enrichment efficiently after systemic administration.Furthermore,this strategy also strongly activated the tumor microenvironment,including increasing antitumor effector cells(including M1-like macrophages and CD8+Teffs)and decreasing protumor effector cells(including M2-like macrophages and CD4+Tregs),and ultimately improved antitumor efficacy in a subcutaneous H22 tumor-bearing mouse model.The cryo-shocked macrophage-mediated bacterial delivery strategy holds promise for expanding the therapeutic applications of living bacteria for cancer.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (21975119, 51773088)。
文摘Chiral thermally activated delayed fluorescence(TADF) molecules showing circularly polarized luminescence(CPL) have great potential in 3D displays. However, the relationships among CPL property, device performance and molecule structure are still not clear. In this article, we develop a strategy to promote dissymmetry factors without sacrifice in device performance and study the impact of molecule structures towards CPL property. Three novel TADF enantiomers are synthesized and studied.(R/S)-SCN with diminutive cyano group as an acceptor shows dissymmetry factor |gPL| ≈ 1.4×10^(-3) and noticeable organic light-emitting diode(OLED) performances with a maximum external quantum efficiency(EQEmax) of 23.0%. For(R/S)-SPHCN, the prolonged electron withdrawing group benzonitrile enhances |gPL| up to 3.6×10^(-3) with decreased device EQEmaxof 15.4%. By further replacing benzonitrile with(trifluoromethyl)pyridine, the enantiomers of(R/S)-SCFPY show similar |gPL| factors of 3.5×10^(-3) and device EQE_(max)up to 23.3%, which represents the highest efficiency among sprio-type TADF materials based OLEDs. Furthermore, the OLEDs also show obvious circularly polarized electroluminescence with gELfactors of-1.4/1.8×10^(-3),-3.6/3.6×10^(-3) and-3.7/3.6×10^(-3), respectively. These results indecate by delicate functional group engineering, high g factor can be achieved while maintaining decent device performances. Besides,(R/S)-SCFPY represents an impressive TADF emitter, which shows promoted g factor and recorded high device EQE_(max)among similar molecules.
基金supported in part by grants from the National Natural Sciences Foundation of China (82130106)Jiangsu Provincial Department of Science and Technology (BK20192005, China)+1 种基金Changzhou Bureau of Science and Technology (CJ20210024, CZ20210010, China)Jiangsu TargetPharma Laboratories Inc., China
文摘Bacterial antitumor therapy has great application potential given its unique characteristics,including genetic manipulation, tumor targeting specificity and immune system modulation. However,the nonnegligible side effects and limited efficacy of clinical treatment limit their biomedical applications. Engineered bacteria for therapeutic applications ideally need to avoid their accumulation in normal organs and possess potent antitumor activity. Here, we show that macrophage-mediated tumor-targeted delivery of Salmonella typhimurium VNP20009 can effectively reduce the toxicity caused by administrating VNP20009 alone in a melanoma mouse model. This benefits from tumor-induced chemotaxis for macrophages combined with their slow release of loaded strains. Inspired by changes in the tumor microenvironment, including a decrease in intratumoral dysfunctional CD8+T cells and an increase in PDL1 on the tumor cell surface, macrophages were loaded with the engineered strain VNP-PD1nb, which can express and secrete anti-PD1 nanoantibodies after they are released from macrophages. This novel triple-combined immunotherapy significantly inhibited melanoma tumors by reactivating the tumor microenvironment by increasing immune cell infiltration, inhibiting tumor cell proliferation, remodeling TAMs to an M1-like phenotype and prominently activating CD8+T cells. These data suggest that novel combination immunotherapy is expected to be a breakthrough relative to single immunotherapy.
基金supported by grants from the Jiangsu Provincial Nature Science Foundation(BK20192005,China)National Natural Science Foundation of China(81630092,81903143,81802338,and 82072646)+1 种基金Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China for Distinguished Young Scholars(LR21H160001)Start-up Grant of HZNU(4125C5021820470,China)。
文摘Salmonella:mediated cancer therapy has achieved remarkable anti-tumor effects in experimental animal models,but the detailed mechanism remains unsolved.In this report,the active involvement of the host immune response in this process was confirmed by comparing the tumor-suppressive effects of Salmonella in immunocompetent and immunodeficient mice bearing melanoma allografts.Since flagella are key inducers of the host immune response during bacterial infection,flagella were genetically disrupted to analyse their involvement in Salmonella-mediated cancer therapy.The results showed that flagellum-deficient strains failed to induce significant anti-tumor effects,even when more bacteria were administered to offset the difference in invasion efficiency.Flagella mainly activate immune cells via Flagellin/Toll-like receptor 5(TLR5)signalling pathway.Indeed,we showed that exogenous activation of TLR5 signalling by recombinant Flagellin and exogenous expression of TLR5 both enhanced the therapeutic efficacy of flagellum-deficient Salmonella against melanoma.Our study highlighted the therapeutic value of the interaction between Salmonella and the host immune response through Flagellin/TLR5 signalling pathway during Salmonella-mediated cancer therapy,thereby suggesting the potential application of TLR5 agonists in the cancer immune therapy.
基金This study was supported,in part,by the Science and Technology Development Fund of the Macao Special Administrative Region(Nos.071/2009/A3 and 091/2009/A)the National Key Basic Research Project from the Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology(2012CB967004)+2 种基金the Chinese National Nature Sciences Foundation(81121062,50973046,31070706)the Jiangsu Provincial Nature Science Foundation(BK2010046,BZ2010074,BZ2011048,BK2011228,BZ2011048)the Bureau of Science and Technology of Changzhou(CN20100016,CZ20100008,CE20115034,CZ20110028).
文摘Tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis inducing ligand(TRAIL)is a promising antitumor therapy against lung cancer which is currently undergoing a phase II clinical trial in China.Unfortunately some cancer patients in the clinical trial displayed resistance to TR AIL treatment.In investigating ways to overcome this resistance,we evaluated the inhibitory effect of galangin on TRAIL resistant A549 human lung adenocarcinoma cells.Here we report that,in comparison with the single agents,the combination of galangin and TRAIL markedly suppressed proliferation of A549 cells and induced apoptosis as shown by DAPI and JC-1 staining.The combination of galangin and TRAIL induced PARP cleavage,activation of caspase-8 and p38 MAPK(mitogen-activated protein kinases).These findings indicate that the combination of galangin and TRAIL may constitute a promising strategy for the treatment of lung cancer.
基金This study was supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.82130106 and 32250016)Nanjing Special Fund for Life and Health Science and Technology(No.202110016)Changzhou Municipal Department of Science and Technology(Nos.CZ20210010,CJ20210024,and CJ20220019).
文摘The derailed nasal epithelial barrier is associated with the disorder of tight junctions(TJ)function or expression,leading to more penetration of allergens to the barrier,accompanied by the release of cytokines,which develop allergic rhinitis(AR).Considering the increasing AR disease incidence worldwide,there is still an urgent unmet medical need to develop new therapeutics.Tumor necrosis factor-alpha(TNF-α)inhibitors have been applied in treating autoimmune diseases.However,their roles in AR remain unclear.In this study,anti-TNF-αnanobody(V)was assembled with tannic acid(V/TA)as a functional antibody drug candidate which could inhibit the release of the cytokines in ovalbumin(OVA)-induced AR murine model.Upon receiving V/TA treatment,the infiltration level of inflammatory cells,and the number of mucus-secreting cells and mast cells in the nasal mucosa recovered to a relatively normal level.Preliminary mechanism of action research revealed that the efficacy of V/TA was accompanied by the restricted level of TJ molecules:zonula occluden-1(ZO-1),occludin,claudin-1,and claudin-5.The therapeutic effect of the anti-TNF-αnanobody against AR was enhanced with the tannic acid assisted without any toxicity observed.This study supplied a promising delivery strategy of TNF-αinhibitor for the effective treatment of complicated allergic rhinitis disease,with an advantage in restoring effect on the AR-caused epithelial barrier defects than the commercial drug Infliximab.
基金This study was supported in part by grants from the National Nature Science Foundation of China(81630092)National Key R&D program(2017YFA0506002)Jiangsu Provincial Department of Science and Technology(BK20192005,BK20171202).
文摘Inflammatory bowel disease(IBD)is a chronic and relapsing disorder for many people associated with poor health.Although there are some clinical drugs for IBD treatment,the development of effective therapeutics on IBD patients has always been necessary.Here,we show that externalized phosphatidylserine(PS)is observed on the surface of colonic capillaries.Annexin A5(ANXA5)with high affinity for PS has a good targeting to the colon and effectively alleviates experimental colitis.In contrast,ANXA5 mutant(A5m)lacking the PS-binding ability,has no accumulation in the colon and no therapeutic effects on colitis.Mechanistic investigations indicate that ANXA5 reduces the inflammatory cell infiltration by inhibiting endothelial cell activation dependent on PS-binding ability.With the increasing of PS exposure on activated HUVECs(human umbilical vein endothelial cells),ANXA5 binding induces the internalization of TLR4 via PS-dependent endocytosis.We provide new insights on the molecular mechanism of ANXA5 for its anti-inflammatory effect.Our data suggest that PS-externalization is a potential target of ANXA5 aiming at targeted drug delivery(TDD)for IBD treatment.
基金The work was supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(Grant No.2020YFB2007700)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.51975309)+1 种基金the State Key Laboratory of Tribology Initiative Research Program,China(Grant No.SKLT2020D21)the Natural Science Foundation of Shaanxi Province,China(Grant No_2019JQ-712).
文摘The fault diagnosis of bearings is crucial in ensuring the reliability of rotating machinery.Deep neural networks have provided unprecedented opportunities to condition monitoring from a new perspective due to the powerful ability in learning fault-related knowledge.However,the inexplicability and low generalization ability of fault diagnosis models still bar them from the application.To address this issue,this paper explores a decision-tree-structured neural network,that is,the deep convolutional tree-inspired network(DCTN),for the hierarchical fault diagnosis of bearings.The proposed model effectively integrates the advantages of convolutional neural network(CNN)and decision tree methods by rebuilding the output decision layer of CNN according to the hierarchical structural characteristics of the decision tree,which is by no means a simple combination of the two models.The proposed DCTN model has unique advantages in 1)the hierarchical structure that can support more accuracy and comprehensive fault diagnosis,2)the better interpretability of the model output with hierarchical decision making,and 3)more powerful generalization capabilities for the samples across fault severities.The multiclass fault diagnosis case and cross-severity fault diagnosis case are executed on a multicondition aeronautical bearing test rig.Experimental results can fully demonstrate the feasibility and superiority of the proposed method.
基金This study was supported by grants from the Chinese National Natural Sciences Foundation(81773099,81570790)the National Key R&D Program of China(2017YFA0506000).
文摘This study was designed to evaluate ERK5 expression in lung cancer and malignant melanoma progression and to ascertain the involvement of ERK5 signaling in lung cancer and melanoma.We show that ERK5 expression is abundant in human lung cancer samples,and elevated ERK5 expression in lung cancer was linked to the acquisition of increased metastatic and invasive potential.Importantly,we observed a significant correlation between ERK5 activity and FAK expression and its phosphorylation at the Ser910 site.Mechanistically,ERK5 increased the expression of the transcription factor USF1,which could transcriptionally upregulate FAK expression,resulting in FAK signaling activation to promote cell migration.We also provided evidence that the phosphorylation of FAK at Ser910 was due to ERK5 but not ERK1/2,and we then suggested a role for Ser910 in the control of cell motility.In addition,ERK5 had targets in addition to FAK that regulate epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and cell motility in cancer cells.Taken together,our findings uncover a cancer metastasis-promoting role for ERK5 and provide the rationale for targeting ERK5 as a potential therapeutic approach.
基金supported in part by grants from the National Natural Sciences Foundation of China (82130106,32250016)Nanjing Special Fund for Life and Health Science and Technology (202110016,China)+1 种基金Changzhou Bureau of Science and Technology (CJ20210024,CZ20210010,CJ20220019,China)Jiangsu TargetPharma Laboratories Inc.,China.
文摘Dear Editor,As a successful drug for inflammatory diseases,the application of TNF-αinhibitor on cancer therapy is limited by repeated administration and off-target effects.1 A body of evidence indicated that the anti-tumor efficacy of TNF-αinhibitor is unsatisfactory,though repeated administration was used to improve its efficacy in tumor-treating fields,it will also lead to severe side effects and high cost.2,3,4 Hence,an efficient and highly targeted TNF-αantibody delivery system is worth developing.
文摘FADD is an important proapoptotic adaptor in death receptor-induced apoptosis. Recently, FADD has been found to participate in a variety of non-apoptotic processes, such as development, cell cycle progression and survival. Its non-apoptotic activities were regulated by the phosphorylated status of the serine residue located at the C-terminal region, a domain distinct from the proapoptotic function related DED and DD domains. However, due to the difficulties in expression and crystallization of natural FADD, by far the molecuiar structures of all FADD variants did not contain the C-terminal region. To elucidate the structure-function relationship of C-terminal region, we need to obtain a FADD variant that containing C-terminal region. In this study, mouse FADD （80-205） containing DD domain and C-terminal region, designated as C-FADD, was expressed in E. coli with His-tag at the N-terminus and purified by Ni^2＋ affinity chromatography. The purified protein existed as a homogenous monomer in glutaraldehyde cross-linking analysis and exhibited a typical a-helix spectrum in CD （circular dichroism） assay. In vitro His-tag pull-down assay demonstrated that the purified C-FADD possessed the CK Ia-binding activity which was important for its non-apoptotic function.
