Rice(Oryza sativa L.),a thermophilic crop,is highly sensitive to cold stress,particularly during the seedling stage.Developing cold-tolerant rice varieties is a possible strategy to mitigate yield losses caused by low...Rice(Oryza sativa L.),a thermophilic crop,is highly sensitive to cold stress,particularly during the seedling stage.Developing cold-tolerant rice varieties is a possible strategy to mitigate yield losses caused by low temperatures.However,few genes for cold tolerance have been identified.In this study,we identified OsALA4(Aminophospholipid ATPase 4),encoding a plasma membrane-localized P4-ATPase,from a chromosomal segment substitution line(CSSL-K2832-2)harboring cold-tolerance QTL qLTS5(Low Temperature Sensitive 5).Genetic and subcellular localization analyses revealed that OsALA4 regulates cold tolerance by maintaining plasma membrane fluidity and cellular homeostasis.Physiological assessments showed that OsALA4 reduces malondialdehyde(MDA),electrolyte leakage,reactive oxygen species(ROS),and cell death under cold stress.Promoter activity assays indicated that stronger OsALA4 expression in Nipponbare(OsALA4Nip)correlated with enhanced cold tolerance.Further experiments demonstrated that SNP sites within the promoter regions(-1500 bp to-700 bp)of OsALA4Nipand OsALA49311influenced their activity.This study highlights Os ALA4 as a valuable genetic target for breeding cold tolerant rice.展开更多
The electronic doping effect on both the superconductivity and the nematic order in the FeSe nanoflake are investigated by using the electric-double-layer transistor configuration. The superconductivity can be effecti...The electronic doping effect on both the superconductivity and the nematic order in the FeSe nanoflake are investigated by using the electric-double-layer transistor configuration. The superconductivity can be effectively controlled by electronic doping, and the onset superconducting transition temperature Tc reaches as high as 45 K at a gate voltage Of Vg = 4 V. Meanwhile, the nematic phase is gradually suppressed with the increase of electronic doping （or Vg）. The results provide an effective method with variable charge doping for investigation of the rich physics in the FeSe superconductor.展开更多
We observe the spectra of molybdenum for the first time since the first wall of our experimental advanced superconducting tokamak （EAST） was changed mainly to molybdenum tiles. A large amount of molybdenum accumulat...We observe the spectra of molybdenum for the first time since the first wall of our experimental advanced superconducting tokamak （EAST） was changed mainly to molybdenum tiles. A large amount of molybdenum accumulated in the central plasma where the long-lived m = 1 mode instability bursts is shown. Molybdenum is proved to be the main impurity species observed during the formation and lifetime of impurity-induced long-lived m= 1 mode. This may indicate that a close relationship exists between the high-Z impurity accumulation and the occurrence of long-lived m = 1 mode in EAST plasmas.展开更多
Abstract Previous studies have suggested that cortical functional reorganization is associated with motor recovery after stroke and that normal afferent sensory information is very important in that process. In this s...Abstract Previous studies have suggested that cortical functional reorganization is associated with motor recovery after stroke and that normal afferent sensory information is very important in that process. In this study, we selected patients who had a stroke in or under the thalamus, with potentially impaired afferent sensory information and analyzed the differences between these patients and healthy controls at three levels： brain regions, the functional con- nectivity between brain areas, and the whole-brain func- tional network. Compared with healthy controls, regionalhomogeneities in the left middle temporal gyrus decreased and functional connectivity between the left middle tem- poral gyrus and the stroke area increased in the patients. However, there was no significant change in the whole- brain functional network. By focusing on stroke located in or under the thalamus, our study contributes to wider inquiries into understanding and treating stroke.展开更多
Paraquat(1,1’-dimethyl-4,4’-bipyridinium dichloride,PQ)has been widely used as a broad spectrum nonselective herbicide in agriculture for decades(Baldwin et al.,1968).Plants absorb PQ from their environment and tran...Paraquat(1,1’-dimethyl-4,4’-bipyridinium dichloride,PQ)has been widely used as a broad spectrum nonselective herbicide in agriculture for decades(Baldwin et al.,1968).Plants absorb PQ from their environment and transport to the chloroplasts,the site of its action where it competes for electrons from photosystem I(PSI)and cyclically generates superoxide that is converted to H2O2by superoxide dismutases(SODs),resultantly accumulating a large amount of reactive oxygen species(ROS)and thereby killing plants(Farrington et al.,1973).展开更多
Background:Salinity is a major abiotic stress to global agriculture which hampers crop growth and development,and eventually reduces yield.Transgenic technology is an e ective and e cient approach to improve crop salt...Background:Salinity is a major abiotic stress to global agriculture which hampers crop growth and development,and eventually reduces yield.Transgenic technology is an e ective and e cient approach to improve crop salt tolerance but depending on the availability of e ective genes.We previously isolated Salt Tolerance5(ThST5)from the halophyte Thellungiella halophila,an ortholog of Arabidopsis SPT4-2 which encodes a transcription elongation factor.However,SPT4-2-confered salt tolerance has not been evaluated in crops yet.Here we report the evaluation of Th ST5-conferred salt tolerance in cotton(Gossypium hirsutum L.).Results:The ThST5 overexpression transgenic cotton plants displayed enhanced tolerance to salt stress during seed germination and seedling stage compared with wild type.Particularly,the transgenic plants showed improved salinity tolerance as well as yield under saline field conditions.Comparative transcriptomic analysis showed that ThST5 improved salt tolerance of transgenic cotton mainly by maintaining ion homeostasis.In addition,ThST5 also orchestrated the expression of genes encoding antioxidants and salt-responsive transcription factors.Conclusion:Our results demonstrate that ThST5 is a promising candidate to improve salt tolerance in cotton.展开更多
Background: Gossypium hirsutum(upland cotton) is one of the principal fiber crops in the world. Cotton yield is highly affected by abiotic stresses, among which salt stress is considered as a major problem around the ...Background: Gossypium hirsutum(upland cotton) is one of the principal fiber crops in the world. Cotton yield is highly affected by abiotic stresses, among which salt stress is considered as a major problem around the globe. Transgenic approach is efficient to improve cotton salt tolerance but depending on the availability of salt tolerance genes.Results: In this study we evaluated salt tolerance candidate gene ST7 from Thellungiella halophila, encoding a homolog of Arabidopsis aluminum-induced protein, in cotton. Our results showed that ThST7 overexpression in cotton improved germination under NaCl stress as well as seedling growth. Our field trials also showed that ThST7 transgenic cotton lines produced higher yield under salt stress conditions. The improved salt tolerance of the transgenic cotton lines was partially contributed by enhanced antioxidation as shown by diaminobenzidine(DAB) and nitrotetrazolium blue chloride(NBT) staining. Moreover, transcriptomic analysis of ThST7 overexpression lines showed a significant upregulation of the genes involved in ion homeostasis and antioxidation, consistent with the salt tolerance phenotype of the transgenic cotton.Conclusions: Our results demonstrate that ThST7 has the ability to improve salt tolerance in cotton. The ThST7 transgenic cotton may be used in cotton breeding for salt tolerance cultivars.展开更多
Vascular plants have evolved intricate long-distance signaling mechanisms to cope with environmental stress,with reactive oxygen species(ROS)emerging as pivotal systemic signals in plant stress responses.However,the e...Vascular plants have evolved intricate long-distance signaling mechanisms to cope with environmental stress,with reactive oxygen species(ROS)emerging as pivotal systemic signals in plant stress responses.However,the exact role of ROS as root-to-shoot signals in the drought response has not been determined.In this study,we reveal that compared with wild-type plants,ferric reductase defective 3(frd3)mutants exhibit enhanced drought resistance concomitant with elevated NINE-CIS-EPOXYCAROTENOID DIOXYGENASE 3(NCED3)transcript levels and abscisic acid(ABA)contents in leaves as well as increased hydrogen peroxide(H_(2)O_(2))levels in roots and leaves.Grafting experiments distinctly illustrate that drought resistance can be conferred by the frd3 rootstock regardless of the scion genotype,indicating that long-distance signals originating from frd3 roots promote an increase in ABA levels in leaves.Intriguingly,the drought resistance conferred by the frd3 mutant rootstock is weakened by the CAT2-overexpressing scion,suggesting that H_(2)O_(2)may be involved in long-distance signaling.Moreover,the results of comparative transcriptome and proteome analyses support the drought resistance phenotype of the frd3 mutant.Taken together,our findings substantiate the notion that frd3 root-derived long-distance signals trigger ABA synthesis in leaves and enhance drought resistance,providing new evidence for root-to-shoot long-distance signaling in the drought response of plants.展开更多
Background:Cotton(Gossypium hirsutum),the major textile fiber crop ofthe world,is negatively affected by salinity.It leads to the induction of adverse effects on growth and development of cott on.The overall yield of ...Background:Cotton(Gossypium hirsutum),the major textile fiber crop ofthe world,is negatively affected by salinity.It leads to the induction of adverse effects on growth and development of cott on.The overall yield of cotton faces major drawback once they are grown in saline soil.To improve cotton salt tolerance,tunsgenic approach offers a fast and effective way but it relies on the availability of salt tolerance genes.Results:In this study,we have reported the evaluation of ThST103,a homologue of Arabidopsis ozone-induced protein(AtOZI1)in Thellungiellahalophila,in enhancing salt tolerance in cotton.Overexpression ofThST103 enabled cotton plants to germinate and grow better than the wild types under salt stress.The transgenic lines showed enhanced survival rate in the saline environment and experienced less oxidative damage compared with the wild types.In the field,the transgenic cotton lines produced higher yield than the wild type in saline soil.Transcriptomic comparison analyses of ThST103 overexpression lines versus the wild type revealed upregulated genes enriched in salt stress tolerance and ion homeostasis.Conclusions:Our results dem on strate that ThST103 has the capability to improve salt tolerance in cotton.It can be used in cotton breeding for salt tolerance cultivars.展开更多
Background The high rate of long-term relapse is a major cause of smoking cessation failure.Recently,neurofeedback training has been widely used in the treatment of nicotine addiction;however,approximately 30%of subje...Background The high rate of long-term relapse is a major cause of smoking cessation failure.Recently,neurofeedback training has been widely used in the treatment of nicotine addiction;however,approximately 30%of subjects fail to benefit from this intervention.Our previous randomised clinical trial(RCT)examined cognition-guided neurofeedback and demonstrated a significant decrease in daily cigarette consumption at the 4-month follow-up.However,significant individual differences were observed in the 4-month follow-up effects of decreased cigarette consumption.Therefore,it is critical to identify who will benefit from pre-neurofeedback.Aims We examined whether the resting-state electroencephalography(EEG)characteristics from pre-neurofeedback predicted the 4-month follow-up effects and explored the possible mechanisms.Methods This was a double-blind RCT.A total of 60 participants with nicotine dependence were randomly assigned to either the real-feedback or yoked-feedback group.They underwent 6 min closed-eye resting EEG recordings both before and after two neurofeedback sessions.A follow-up assessment was conducted after 4 months.Results The frontal resting-state theta power spectral density(PSD)was significantly altered in the real-feedback group after two neurofeedback visits.Higher theta PSD in the real-feedback group before neurofeedback was the only predictor of decreased cigarette consumption at the 4-month follow-up.Further reliability analysis revealed a significant positive correlation between theta PSD pre-neurofeedback and post-neurofeedback.A leave-one-out cross-validated linear regression of the theta PSD pre-neurofeedback demonstrated a significant correlation between the predicted and observed reductions in cigarette consumption at the 4-month follow-up.Finally,source analysis revealed that the brain mechanisms of the theta PSD predictor were located in the orbital frontal cortex.Conclusions Our study demonstrated changes in the resting-state theta PSD following neurofeedback training.Moreover,the resting-state theta PSD may serve as a prognostic marker of neurofeedback effects.A higher resting-state theta PSD predicts a better long-term response to neurofeedback treatment,which may facilitate the selection of individualised interventions.展开更多
Surface morphology and deuterium retention in ultrafine-grained tungsten fabricated by equal-channel angular pressing（ECAP） have been examined after exposure to a low energy,high-flux deuterium（D） plasma at fluenc...Surface morphology and deuterium retention in ultrafine-grained tungsten fabricated by equal-channel angular pressing（ECAP） have been examined after exposure to a low energy,high-flux deuterium（D） plasma at fluences of 3×10^24 D/m^2 and 1×10^25 D/m^2 in a temperature range of 100 ℃-150 ℃.The methods used were scanning electron microscopy（SEM） and thermal desorption spectroscopy（TDS）.Sparse and small blisters（0.1 μm） were observed by SEM after D plasma irradiation on every irradiated surface;yet they did not exhibit significant structure or plasma fluence dependence.Larger blisters or protrusions appeared after subsequent TDS heating up to 1000 ℃.The TDS results showed a single D desorption peak at 220℃ for all samples and the D retention increased with increasing numbers of extrusion passes,i.e.,the decrease of grain sizes.The increased D retention in this low temperature range should be attributed to the faster diffusion of D along the larger volume fraction of grain boundaries introduced by ECAP.展开更多
We present atomic-resolution images of TiSe2,MoTe2 and TaS2 single crystals in liquid condition using our home-built scanning tunneling microscopy(STM).By facilely cleaving of single crystals in liquid,we were able to...We present atomic-resolution images of TiSe2,MoTe2 and TaS2 single crystals in liquid condition using our home-built scanning tunneling microscopy(STM).By facilely cleaving of single crystals in liquid,we were able to keep the fresh surface not oxidized within a few hours.Using the high-stable home-built STM,we have obtained atomic resolution images of TiSe2 accompanied with the single atom defects as well as the triangle defects in solution for the first time.Besides,the superstructure of MoTe2 and hexagonal chargedensity wave domain structure in nearly commensurate phase of TaS2 were also obtained at room temperature(295 K).Our results provide a more efficient method in investigating the lively surface of transition metal dichalcogenides.Besides,the high stable liquid-phase STM will support the further investigations in liquid-phase catalysis or electrochemistry.展开更多
Background Internet gaming disorder(IGD)is a mental health issue that affects individuals worldwide.However,the lack of knowledge about the biomarkers associated with the development of IGD has restricted the diagnosi...Background Internet gaming disorder(IGD)is a mental health issue that affects individuals worldwide.However,the lack of knowledge about the biomarkers associated with the development of IGD has restricted the diagnosis and treatment of this disorder.Aims We aimed to reveal the biomarkers associated with the development of IGD through resting-state brain network analysis and provide clues for the diagnosis and treatment of IGD.Methods Twenty-six patients with IGD,23 excessive internet game users(EIUs)who recurrently played internet games but were not diagnosed with IGD and 29 healthy controls(HCs)performed delay discounting task(DDT)and Iowa gambling task(IGT).Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging(fMRI)data were also collected.Results Patients with IGD exhibited significantly lower hubness in the right medial orbital part of the superior frontal gyrus(ORBsupmed)than both the EIU and the HC groups.Additionally,the hubness of the right ORBsupmed was found to be positively correlated with the highest excessive internet gaming degree during the past year in the EIU group but not the IGD group;this might be the protective mechanism that prevents EIUs from becoming addicted to internet games.Moreover,the hubness of the right ORBsupmed was found to be related to the treatment outcome of patients with IGD,with higher hubness of this region indicating better recovery when undergoing forced abstinence.Further modelling analysis of the DDT and IGT showed that patients with IGD displayed higher impulsivity during the decision-making process,and impulsivity-related parameters were negatively correlated with the hubness of right ORBsupmed.Conclusions Our findings revealed that the impulsivity-related right ORBsupmed hubness could serve as a potential biomarker of IGD and provide clues for the diagnosis and treatment of IGD.展开更多
Background:Nitrogen(N)is a required macronutrient for cotton growth and productivity.Excessive N fertilizers are applied in agriculture for crop yield maximization,which also generates environmental pollution.Improvin...Background:Nitrogen(N)is a required macronutrient for cotton growth and productivity.Excessive N fertilizers are applied in agriculture for crop yield maximization,which also generates environmental pollution.Improving crop N use efficiency(NUE)is the most economical and desirable way of reducing fertilizer application and environmental pollution.NUE has been an important issue in cotton.So far there is no report on cotton NUE improvement via transgenic approach.Nin-like proteins(NLP)are transcription factors regulating NUE.We previously demonstrated that At NLP7 improved NUE and biomass when overexpressed in Arabidopsis.However,it is not known whether At NLP7 can be used to improve NUE in crops.Results:To test the feasibility,we expressed At NLP7 in cotton and evaluated NUE and yield of the transgenic cotton in the field.Transgenic cotton showed improved NUE and yield under both low and high N conditions.In addition,plant biomass,amount of absorbed N,N contents,activities of N-assimilating enzymes,and the expression of N-related marker genes were significantly increased in transgenic cotton compared with the wild type control,suggesting that At NLP7 enhances NUE in cotton.Conclusion:Together,our results demonstrate that At NLP7 is a promising candidate to improve NUE and yield in cotton.展开更多
This corrigendum clarifies to supplement the“Data availability”session.Data availability The raw sequence data reported in this paper have been deposited in the National Genomics Data Center,China National Center fo...This corrigendum clarifies to supplement the“Data availability”session.Data availability The raw sequence data reported in this paper have been deposited in the National Genomics Data Center,China National Center for Bioinformation/Beijing Institute of Genomics,Chinese Academy of Sciences(GSA:CRA017487 and iProx:IPX0009175000).展开更多
Alternative splicing is a key regulatory mechanism that generates transcriptomic diversity by selectively splicing pre-RNA molecules in different ways,leading to the production of multiple RNA isoforms from a single g...Alternative splicing is a key regulatory mechanism that generates transcriptomic diversity by selectively splicing pre-RNA molecules in different ways,leading to the production of multiple RNA isoforms from a single gene.This process is crucial for the fine-tuning of gene expression and is tightly regulated during various biological processes.Recent studies have highlighted how alternative splicing contributes to stem cells self-renewal and differentiation,as well as how dysregulation of splicing factors can impact stem cells behavior and lead to developmental abnormalities or diseases.This review summarizes the current understanding of alternative splicing in stem cells and development,focusing on the molecular mechanisms that govern alternative splicing regulation,the role of splicing factors,and the impact of splicing isoforms on stem cell fate determination and developmental processes.We also discuss emerging technologies,such as CRISPR/Cas-based tools,single-cell long-read RNA sequencing,imaging technologies and 3D culture systems,which are advancing our ability to study alternative splicing in vitro and in vivo.Overall,this field is rapidly evolving,revealing new insights into how alternative splicing shapes the molecular landscape and functions of stem cells and developmental processes.展开更多
Abiotic stresses threaten global food security,underscoring the requirement for resilient crop varieties.In this study,we identified OsSPT38,a previously uncharacterized SUMO E3 ligase in rice,and discovered a gain-of...Abiotic stresses threaten global food security,underscoring the requirement for resilient crop varieties.In this study,we identified OsSPT38,a previously uncharacterized SUMO E3 ligase in rice,and discovered a gain-of-function mutation(Gly212Asp)of OsSPT38 that enhances rice stress resilience and yield.The phenotypic effects of this mutation were validated in 18 independent mutants and by base editing in the elite indica cultivar Huanghuazhan.Among 4774 rice accessions,the Gly212Asp mutation was identified exclusively in seven japonica varieties,demonstrating its rarity and recent evolutionary origin.Functional analyses showed that OsSPT38 interacts with the SUMO E2 enzyme OsSCE3 and stress-associated pro-teins to promote their SUMOylation,thereby stabilizing target proteins.The Gly212Asp allele(OsSPT38D)displayed greater activity than the wild-type allele.These findings uncover OsSPT38 as a key regulator of abiotic stress adaptation and underscore Gly212Asp as a promising molecular target for breeding high-yielding stress-resilient ricevarieties.展开更多
Formic acid oxidation is an important electrocatalytic reaction in proton- exchange membrane （PEM） fuel cells, in which both active sites and species adsorption/activation play key roles. In this study, we have deve...Formic acid oxidation is an important electrocatalytic reaction in proton- exchange membrane （PEM） fuel cells, in which both active sites and species adsorption/activation play key roles. In this study, we have developed hollow Pd-Ag alloy nanostructures with high active surface areas for application to electrocatalytic formic acid oxidation. When a certain amount of Ag is incorporated into a Pd lattice, which is already a highly active material for formic acid oxidation, the electrocatalytic activity can be significantly boosted. As indicated by theoretical simulations, coupling between Pd and Ag induces polarization charges on Pd catalytic sites, which can enhance the adsorption of HCO0＊ species. As a result, the designed electrocatalysts can achieve reduced Pd usage and enhanced catalytic properties at the same time. This study represents an approach that simultaneously fabricates hollow structures to increase the number of active sites and utilizes interatomic interactions to tune species adsorption/ activation towards improved electrocatalytic performance.展开更多
Forming alloys with transition metal remarkably decreases the u sage of noble metal and offers benefits for electrocatalysis. Here we introduced a mixed-solvent strategy to synthesize unique Pt Au Cu ternary nanotubes...Forming alloys with transition metal remarkably decreases the u sage of noble metal and offers benefits for electrocatalysis. Here we introduced a mixed-solvent strategy to synthesize unique Pt Au Cu ternary nanotubes(NTs) with porous and rough surface, using high quality Cu nanowires(NWs) as the partial sacrificial templates. We found that Au plays a key role in the enhancement of e lectrocatalytic performance for both methanol oxidation reaction(MOR) and formic acid oxidation reaction(FAOR). The mass activities of Pt Au Cu NTs after acid leaching for MOR and FAOR reach 1698.8 m A mg-1Ptat 0.9 V and 1170 m A mg-1Pt at 0.65 V, respectively. Such ternary NTs show impressive stability due to the irreversibly adsorption of CO* on the Au surface instead of the active Pt surface and the excellent structure stability. The present method could be extended to prepare other new multi-functional electrocatalysts.展开更多
Metal halide perovskites are attractive for light-emitting diodes due to their superior optoelectronic properties such as tunable bandgaps,high photoluminescence quantum yields(PLQYs),high color purities and solution ...Metal halide perovskites are attractive for light-emitting diodes due to their superior optoelectronic properties such as tunable bandgaps,high photoluminescence quantum yields(PLQYs),high color purities and solution processability[1–6].In the past several years,impressive progress has been made in perovskite light-emitting diodes(PeLEDs)via microstructure engineering[7],charge balancing[8],surface defect passivation[9,10],metal ion doping[11,12]and dimensional engineering[13].As such,the green,red and near-infrared PeLEDs have achieved impressive external quantum efficiencies(EQEs)exceeding 20%[7,8,14,15].However,the performances of pure-blue PeLEDs,i.e.,brightness and EQEs,still lag largely behind those of the green and red counterparts,which severely impedes the PeLED application in full-color display and solid-state lighting.展开更多
基金supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32121003,32325038)Key Research and Development Projects of Sichuan(2021YFYZ0016)Open Project Program(SKL-ZD202207)of State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China。
文摘Rice(Oryza sativa L.),a thermophilic crop,is highly sensitive to cold stress,particularly during the seedling stage.Developing cold-tolerant rice varieties is a possible strategy to mitigate yield losses caused by low temperatures.However,few genes for cold tolerance have been identified.In this study,we identified OsALA4(Aminophospholipid ATPase 4),encoding a plasma membrane-localized P4-ATPase,from a chromosomal segment substitution line(CSSL-K2832-2)harboring cold-tolerance QTL qLTS5(Low Temperature Sensitive 5).Genetic and subcellular localization analyses revealed that OsALA4 regulates cold tolerance by maintaining plasma membrane fluidity and cellular homeostasis.Physiological assessments showed that OsALA4 reduces malondialdehyde(MDA),electrolyte leakage,reactive oxygen species(ROS),and cell death under cold stress.Promoter activity assays indicated that stronger OsALA4 expression in Nipponbare(OsALA4Nip)correlated with enhanced cold tolerance.Further experiments demonstrated that SNP sites within the promoter regions(-1500 bp to-700 bp)of OsALA4Nipand OsALA49311influenced their activity.This study highlights Os ALA4 as a valuable genetic target for breeding cold tolerant rice.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant Nos 11174294,11174291,11374302,11304319,U1332209,U1432251 and U1532153the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation under Grant No 2015M582020+1 种基金the Program of Users with Excellence,the Hefei Science Center of Chinese Academy of Sciencesthe CAS/SAFEA International Partnership Program for Creative Research Teams of China
文摘The electronic doping effect on both the superconductivity and the nematic order in the FeSe nanoflake are investigated by using the electric-double-layer transistor configuration. The superconductivity can be effectively controlled by electronic doping, and the onset superconducting transition temperature Tc reaches as high as 45 K at a gate voltage Of Vg = 4 V. Meanwhile, the nematic phase is gradually suppressed with the increase of electronic doping （or Vg）. The results provide an effective method with variable charge doping for investigation of the rich physics in the FeSe superconductor.
基金Supported by the National Magnetic Confinement Fusion Science Program of China under Grant Nos 2013GB112004 and 2015GB103002the Natural Science Research Key Project of Education Department of Anhui Province under Grant No KJ2016A434+3 种基金the Doctoral Scientific Research Foundation of Anqing Normal University under Grant No 044-140001000024the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant Nos 11275231,11305212,11405212 and 11261140328the Innovative Program of Development Foundation of Hefei Center for Physical Science and Technology under Grant No 2014FXCX003the Hefei Science Center CAS Users with Potential Project under Grant No 2015HSC-UP007
文摘We observe the spectra of molybdenum for the first time since the first wall of our experimental advanced superconducting tokamak （EAST） was changed mainly to molybdenum tiles. A large amount of molybdenum accumulated in the central plasma where the long-lived m = 1 mode instability bursts is shown. Molybdenum is proved to be the main impurity species observed during the formation and lifetime of impurity-induced long-lived m= 1 mode. This may indicate that a close relationship exists between the high-Z impurity accumulation and the occurrence of long-lived m = 1 mode in EAST plasmas.
基金supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31230032,31171083, and 31471071)Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of China(WK2070000033)+1 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Anhui Province,China(1208085MH179)Hefei Science Center,CAS "User with Potential"(2015HSC-UP017)
文摘Abstract Previous studies have suggested that cortical functional reorganization is associated with motor recovery after stroke and that normal afferent sensory information is very important in that process. In this study, we selected patients who had a stroke in or under the thalamus, with potentially impaired afferent sensory information and analyzed the differences between these patients and healthy controls at three levels： brain regions, the functional con- nectivity between brain areas, and the whole-brain func- tional network. Compared with healthy controls, regionalhomogeneities in the left middle temporal gyrus decreased and functional connectivity between the left middle tem- poral gyrus and the stroke area increased in the patients. However, there was no significant change in the whole- brain functional network. By focusing on stroke located in or under the thalamus, our study contributes to wider inquiries into understanding and treating stroke.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31770273)。
文摘Paraquat(1,1’-dimethyl-4,4’-bipyridinium dichloride,PQ)has been widely used as a broad spectrum nonselective herbicide in agriculture for decades(Baldwin et al.,1968).Plants absorb PQ from their environment and transport to the chloroplasts,the site of its action where it competes for electrons from photosystem I(PSI)and cyclically generates superoxide that is converted to H2O2by superoxide dismutases(SODs),resultantly accumulating a large amount of reactive oxygen species(ROS)and thereby killing plants(Farrington et al.,1973).
基金supported by grants from the Ministry of Science and Technol-ogy of China(Grant No.2016ZX08005004-003).
文摘Background:Salinity is a major abiotic stress to global agriculture which hampers crop growth and development,and eventually reduces yield.Transgenic technology is an e ective and e cient approach to improve crop salt tolerance but depending on the availability of e ective genes.We previously isolated Salt Tolerance5(ThST5)from the halophyte Thellungiella halophila,an ortholog of Arabidopsis SPT4-2 which encodes a transcription elongation factor.However,SPT4-2-confered salt tolerance has not been evaluated in crops yet.Here we report the evaluation of Th ST5-conferred salt tolerance in cotton(Gossypium hirsutum L.).Results:The ThST5 overexpression transgenic cotton plants displayed enhanced tolerance to salt stress during seed germination and seedling stage compared with wild type.Particularly,the transgenic plants showed improved salinity tolerance as well as yield under saline field conditions.Comparative transcriptomic analysis showed that ThST5 improved salt tolerance of transgenic cotton mainly by maintaining ion homeostasis.In addition,ThST5 also orchestrated the expression of genes encoding antioxidants and salt-responsive transcription factors.Conclusion:Our results demonstrate that ThST5 is a promising candidate to improve salt tolerance in cotton.
基金supported by grants from Ministry of Science and Technology of China(Grant No.2016ZX08005004-003).
文摘Background: Gossypium hirsutum(upland cotton) is one of the principal fiber crops in the world. Cotton yield is highly affected by abiotic stresses, among which salt stress is considered as a major problem around the globe. Transgenic approach is efficient to improve cotton salt tolerance but depending on the availability of salt tolerance genes.Results: In this study we evaluated salt tolerance candidate gene ST7 from Thellungiella halophila, encoding a homolog of Arabidopsis aluminum-induced protein, in cotton. Our results showed that ThST7 overexpression in cotton improved germination under NaCl stress as well as seedling growth. Our field trials also showed that ThST7 transgenic cotton lines produced higher yield under salt stress conditions. The improved salt tolerance of the transgenic cotton lines was partially contributed by enhanced antioxidation as shown by diaminobenzidine(DAB) and nitrotetrazolium blue chloride(NBT) staining. Moreover, transcriptomic analysis of ThST7 overexpression lines showed a significant upregulation of the genes involved in ion homeostasis and antioxidation, consistent with the salt tolerance phenotype of the transgenic cotton.Conclusions: Our results demonstrate that ThST7 has the ability to improve salt tolerance in cotton. The ThST7 transgenic cotton may be used in cotton breeding for salt tolerance cultivars.
基金supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31900230 to P.X.Z.)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2020T130634 and 2019M652200 to P.X.Z.).
文摘Vascular plants have evolved intricate long-distance signaling mechanisms to cope with environmental stress,with reactive oxygen species(ROS)emerging as pivotal systemic signals in plant stress responses.However,the exact role of ROS as root-to-shoot signals in the drought response has not been determined.In this study,we reveal that compared with wild-type plants,ferric reductase defective 3(frd3)mutants exhibit enhanced drought resistance concomitant with elevated NINE-CIS-EPOXYCAROTENOID DIOXYGENASE 3(NCED3)transcript levels and abscisic acid(ABA)contents in leaves as well as increased hydrogen peroxide(H_(2)O_(2))levels in roots and leaves.Grafting experiments distinctly illustrate that drought resistance can be conferred by the frd3 rootstock regardless of the scion genotype,indicating that long-distance signals originating from frd3 roots promote an increase in ABA levels in leaves.Intriguingly,the drought resistance conferred by the frd3 mutant rootstock is weakened by the CAT2-overexpressing scion,suggesting that H_(2)O_(2)may be involved in long-distance signaling.Moreover,the results of comparative transcriptome and proteome analyses support the drought resistance phenotype of the frd3 mutant.Taken together,our findings substantiate the notion that frd3 root-derived long-distance signals trigger ABA synthesis in leaves and enhance drought resistance,providing new evidence for root-to-shoot long-distance signaling in the drought response of plants.
基金The Ministry of Science and Technology of China(Grant No.2016ZX08005004-003)
文摘Background:Cotton(Gossypium hirsutum),the major textile fiber crop ofthe world,is negatively affected by salinity.It leads to the induction of adverse effects on growth and development of cott on.The overall yield of cotton faces major drawback once they are grown in saline soil.To improve cotton salt tolerance,tunsgenic approach offers a fast and effective way but it relies on the availability of salt tolerance genes.Results:In this study,we have reported the evaluation of ThST103,a homologue of Arabidopsis ozone-induced protein(AtOZI1)in Thellungiellahalophila,in enhancing salt tolerance in cotton.Overexpression ofThST103 enabled cotton plants to germinate and grow better than the wild types under salt stress.The transgenic lines showed enhanced survival rate in the saline environment and experienced less oxidative damage compared with the wild types.In the field,the transgenic cotton lines produced higher yield than the wild type in saline soil.Transcriptomic comparison analyses of ThST103 overexpression lines versus the wild type revealed upregulated genes enriched in salt stress tolerance and ion homeostasis.Conclusions:Our results dem on strate that ThST103 has the capability to improve salt tolerance in cotton.It can be used in cotton breeding for salt tolerance cultivars.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32000750,32171080,71942003,and 32161143022)Grants for Scientific Research of BSKY(XJ201907)from Anhui Medical University+4 种基金Scientific Research Improvement Project of Anhui Medical University(2021xkjT018)Research Fund of Anhui Institute of Translational Medicine(2022zhyx-C02)Basic and Clinical Collaborative Research Improvement Project of Anhui Medical University(2020xkjT020)The Chinese National Programs for Brain Science and Brain-like Intelligence Technology(2021ZD0202101)CAS-VPST Silk Road Science Fund 2021(GLHZ202128).The numerical calculations in this paper have been done on the Medical Big Data Supercomputing Center System of Anhui Medical University and Bioinformatics Center of the University of Science and Technology of China.
文摘Background The high rate of long-term relapse is a major cause of smoking cessation failure.Recently,neurofeedback training has been widely used in the treatment of nicotine addiction;however,approximately 30%of subjects fail to benefit from this intervention.Our previous randomised clinical trial(RCT)examined cognition-guided neurofeedback and demonstrated a significant decrease in daily cigarette consumption at the 4-month follow-up.However,significant individual differences were observed in the 4-month follow-up effects of decreased cigarette consumption.Therefore,it is critical to identify who will benefit from pre-neurofeedback.Aims We examined whether the resting-state electroencephalography(EEG)characteristics from pre-neurofeedback predicted the 4-month follow-up effects and explored the possible mechanisms.Methods This was a double-blind RCT.A total of 60 participants with nicotine dependence were randomly assigned to either the real-feedback or yoked-feedback group.They underwent 6 min closed-eye resting EEG recordings both before and after two neurofeedback sessions.A follow-up assessment was conducted after 4 months.Results The frontal resting-state theta power spectral density(PSD)was significantly altered in the real-feedback group after two neurofeedback visits.Higher theta PSD in the real-feedback group before neurofeedback was the only predictor of decreased cigarette consumption at the 4-month follow-up.Further reliability analysis revealed a significant positive correlation between theta PSD pre-neurofeedback and post-neurofeedback.A leave-one-out cross-validated linear regression of the theta PSD pre-neurofeedback demonstrated a significant correlation between the predicted and observed reductions in cigarette consumption at the 4-month follow-up.Finally,source analysis revealed that the brain mechanisms of the theta PSD predictor were located in the orbital frontal cortex.Conclusions Our study demonstrated changes in the resting-state theta PSD following neurofeedback training.Moreover,the resting-state theta PSD may serve as a prognostic marker of neurofeedback effects.A higher resting-state theta PSD predicts a better long-term response to neurofeedback treatment,which may facilitate the selection of individualised interventions.
基金supported by the National Magnetic Confinement Fusion Science Program of China(Nos.2013GB105001,2013GB105002,2015GB109001)National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.11305213,11405201)+1 种基金Technological Development Grant of Hefei Science Center of CAS(No.2014TDG-HSC003)China National Funds for Distinguished Young Scientists(No.51325103)
文摘Surface morphology and deuterium retention in ultrafine-grained tungsten fabricated by equal-channel angular pressing（ECAP） have been examined after exposure to a low energy,high-flux deuterium（D） plasma at fluences of 3×10^24 D/m^2 and 1×10^25 D/m^2 in a temperature range of 100 ℃-150 ℃.The methods used were scanning electron microscopy（SEM） and thermal desorption spectroscopy（TDS）.Sparse and small blisters（0.1 μm） were observed by SEM after D plasma irradiation on every irradiated surface;yet they did not exhibit significant structure or plasma fluence dependence.Larger blisters or protrusions appeared after subsequent TDS heating up to 1000 ℃.The TDS results showed a single D desorption peak at 220℃ for all samples and the D retention increased with increasing numbers of extrusion passes,i.e.,the decrease of grain sizes.The increased D retention in this low temperature range should be attributed to the faster diffusion of D along the larger volume fraction of grain boundaries introduced by ECAP.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2017YFA0402903 and No.2016YFA0401003)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.11804345,No.U1632160,No.51627901,No.21505139,No.11704384)+3 种基金Chinese Academy of Sciences Scientifc Research Equipment(Grant YZ201628)the Anhui Provincial Natural Science Foundation(No.1808085MB51,No.1608085MB36)the Innovative Program of Development Foundation of Hefei Center for Physical Science and Technology(No.2018CXFX001)the Dean fund of Hefei Institutes of Physical Science of CAS(Grant YZJJ201620)
文摘We present atomic-resolution images of TiSe2,MoTe2 and TaS2 single crystals in liquid condition using our home-built scanning tunneling microscopy(STM).By facilely cleaving of single crystals in liquid,we were able to keep the fresh surface not oxidized within a few hours.Using the high-stable home-built STM,we have obtained atomic resolution images of TiSe2 accompanied with the single atom defects as well as the triangle defects in solution for the first time.Besides,the superstructure of MoTe2 and hexagonal chargedensity wave domain structure in nearly commensurate phase of TaS2 were also obtained at room temperature(295 K).Our results provide a more efficient method in investigating the lively surface of transition metal dichalcogenides.Besides,the high stable liquid-phase STM will support the further investigations in liquid-phase catalysis or electrochemistry.
基金This work was supported by grants from The Chinese National Programs for Brain Science and Brain-like Intelligence Technology(2021ZD0202101)The National Natural Science Foundation of China(32171080,32161143022,71942003,31900766 and 71874170)+3 种基金the Major Project of Philosophy and Social Science Research,Ministry of Education of China(19JZD010)the CAS-VPST Silk Road Science Fund 2021(GLHZ202128)the Collaborative Innovation Program of Hefei Science Center,CAS(2020HSC-CIP001)the Anhui Provincial Key Research and Development Project(202004b11020013).
文摘Background Internet gaming disorder(IGD)is a mental health issue that affects individuals worldwide.However,the lack of knowledge about the biomarkers associated with the development of IGD has restricted the diagnosis and treatment of this disorder.Aims We aimed to reveal the biomarkers associated with the development of IGD through resting-state brain network analysis and provide clues for the diagnosis and treatment of IGD.Methods Twenty-six patients with IGD,23 excessive internet game users(EIUs)who recurrently played internet games but were not diagnosed with IGD and 29 healthy controls(HCs)performed delay discounting task(DDT)and Iowa gambling task(IGT).Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging(fMRI)data were also collected.Results Patients with IGD exhibited significantly lower hubness in the right medial orbital part of the superior frontal gyrus(ORBsupmed)than both the EIU and the HC groups.Additionally,the hubness of the right ORBsupmed was found to be positively correlated with the highest excessive internet gaming degree during the past year in the EIU group but not the IGD group;this might be the protective mechanism that prevents EIUs from becoming addicted to internet games.Moreover,the hubness of the right ORBsupmed was found to be related to the treatment outcome of patients with IGD,with higher hubness of this region indicating better recovery when undergoing forced abstinence.Further modelling analysis of the DDT and IGT showed that patients with IGD displayed higher impulsivity during the decision-making process,and impulsivity-related parameters were negatively correlated with the hubness of right ORBsupmed.Conclusions Our findings revealed that the impulsivity-related right ORBsupmed hubness could serve as a potential biomarker of IGD and provide clues for the diagnosis and treatment of IGD.
基金supported by grants from Ministry of Science and Technology of China(Grant No.2016ZX08005004-003).
文摘Background:Nitrogen(N)is a required macronutrient for cotton growth and productivity.Excessive N fertilizers are applied in agriculture for crop yield maximization,which also generates environmental pollution.Improving crop N use efficiency(NUE)is the most economical and desirable way of reducing fertilizer application and environmental pollution.NUE has been an important issue in cotton.So far there is no report on cotton NUE improvement via transgenic approach.Nin-like proteins(NLP)are transcription factors regulating NUE.We previously demonstrated that At NLP7 improved NUE and biomass when overexpressed in Arabidopsis.However,it is not known whether At NLP7 can be used to improve NUE in crops.Results:To test the feasibility,we expressed At NLP7 in cotton and evaluated NUE and yield of the transgenic cotton in the field.Transgenic cotton showed improved NUE and yield under both low and high N conditions.In addition,plant biomass,amount of absorbed N,N contents,activities of N-assimilating enzymes,and the expression of N-related marker genes were significantly increased in transgenic cotton compared with the wild type control,suggesting that At NLP7 enhances NUE in cotton.Conclusion:Together,our results demonstrate that At NLP7 is a promising candidate to improve NUE and yield in cotton.
文摘This corrigendum clarifies to supplement the“Data availability”session.Data availability The raw sequence data reported in this paper have been deposited in the National Genomics Data Center,China National Center for Bioinformation/Beijing Institute of Genomics,Chinese Academy of Sciences(GSA:CRA017487 and iProx:IPX0009175000).
基金supported by USTC Research Funds of the Double First-Class Initiative(Grant No.YD9110002078 to Y.J.)National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.32170557 to X.W.and 32400436 to X.L.)+1 种基金Research Funds of Centre for Leading Medicine and Advanced Technologies of IHM(Grant No.2023IHM01034 to X.W.)Anhui Postdoctoral Scientific Research Program Foundation(Grant No.2024C879 to X.L.).
文摘Alternative splicing is a key regulatory mechanism that generates transcriptomic diversity by selectively splicing pre-RNA molecules in different ways,leading to the production of multiple RNA isoforms from a single gene.This process is crucial for the fine-tuning of gene expression and is tightly regulated during various biological processes.Recent studies have highlighted how alternative splicing contributes to stem cells self-renewal and differentiation,as well as how dysregulation of splicing factors can impact stem cells behavior and lead to developmental abnormalities or diseases.This review summarizes the current understanding of alternative splicing in stem cells and development,focusing on the molecular mechanisms that govern alternative splicing regulation,the role of splicing factors,and the impact of splicing isoforms on stem cell fate determination and developmental processes.We also discuss emerging technologies,such as CRISPR/Cas-based tools,single-cell long-read RNA sequencing,imaging technologies and 3D culture systems,which are advancing our ability to study alternative splicing in vitro and in vivo.Overall,this field is rapidly evolving,revealing new insights into how alternative splicing shapes the molecular landscape and functions of stem cells and developmental processes.
基金supported by grants from the Chinese Academy of Sciences(grant no.XDA24010303 to C.-B.X.)the Students Innovation and Entrepreneurship Foundation of USTC(to Z.-Y.Z.).
文摘Abiotic stresses threaten global food security,underscoring the requirement for resilient crop varieties.In this study,we identified OsSPT38,a previously uncharacterized SUMO E3 ligase in rice,and discovered a gain-of-function mutation(Gly212Asp)of OsSPT38 that enhances rice stress resilience and yield.The phenotypic effects of this mutation were validated in 18 independent mutants and by base editing in the elite indica cultivar Huanghuazhan.Among 4774 rice accessions,the Gly212Asp mutation was identified exclusively in seven japonica varieties,demonstrating its rarity and recent evolutionary origin.Functional analyses showed that OsSPT38 interacts with the SUMO E2 enzyme OsSCE3 and stress-associated pro-teins to promote their SUMOylation,thereby stabilizing target proteins.The Gly212Asp allele(OsSPT38D)displayed greater activity than the wild-type allele.These findings uncover OsSPT38 as a key regulator of abiotic stress adaptation and underscore Gly212Asp as a promising molecular target for breeding high-yielding stress-resilient ricevarieties.
文摘Formic acid oxidation is an important electrocatalytic reaction in proton- exchange membrane （PEM） fuel cells, in which both active sites and species adsorption/activation play key roles. In this study, we have developed hollow Pd-Ag alloy nanostructures with high active surface areas for application to electrocatalytic formic acid oxidation. When a certain amount of Ag is incorporated into a Pd lattice, which is already a highly active material for formic acid oxidation, the electrocatalytic activity can be significantly boosted. As indicated by theoretical simulations, coupling between Pd and Ag induces polarization charges on Pd catalytic sites, which can enhance the adsorption of HCO0＊ species. As a result, the designed electrocatalysts can achieve reduced Pd usage and enhanced catalytic properties at the same time. This study represents an approach that simultaneously fabricates hollow structures to increase the number of active sites and utilizes interatomic interactions to tune species adsorption/ activation towards improved electrocatalytic performance.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(21431006)the Foundation for Innovative Research Groups of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(21521001)+2 种基金the National Basic Research Program of China(2014CB931800 and 2013CB931800)the Users with Excellence and Scientific Research Grant of Hefei Science Center of CAS(2015HSCUE007 and 2015SRG-HSC038)the Chinese Academy of Sciences(KJZD-EW-M01-1)
文摘Forming alloys with transition metal remarkably decreases the u sage of noble metal and offers benefits for electrocatalysis. Here we introduced a mixed-solvent strategy to synthesize unique Pt Au Cu ternary nanotubes(NTs) with porous and rough surface, using high quality Cu nanowires(NWs) as the partial sacrificial templates. We found that Au plays a key role in the enhancement of e lectrocatalytic performance for both methanol oxidation reaction(MOR) and formic acid oxidation reaction(FAOR). The mass activities of Pt Au Cu NTs after acid leaching for MOR and FAOR reach 1698.8 m A mg-1Ptat 0.9 V and 1170 m A mg-1Pt at 0.65 V, respectively. Such ternary NTs show impressive stability due to the irreversibly adsorption of CO* on the Au surface instead of the active Pt surface and the excellent structure stability. The present method could be extended to prepare other new multi-functional electrocatalysts.
基金We acknowledge the financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(51571184,21501165,21875236,21573211,21633007)the National Key R&D Program on Nano Science and Technology(2016YFA0200602,2018YFA0208702)+3 种基金the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(WK2060190085)the Joint Funds from Hefei National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory(KY2060000111)the Anhui Initiative in Quantum Information Technologies(AHY090200)We also thank the support from the USTC Center for Micro and Nanoscale Research and Fabrication.
文摘Metal halide perovskites are attractive for light-emitting diodes due to their superior optoelectronic properties such as tunable bandgaps,high photoluminescence quantum yields(PLQYs),high color purities and solution processability[1–6].In the past several years,impressive progress has been made in perovskite light-emitting diodes(PeLEDs)via microstructure engineering[7],charge balancing[8],surface defect passivation[9,10],metal ion doping[11,12]and dimensional engineering[13].As such,the green,red and near-infrared PeLEDs have achieved impressive external quantum efficiencies(EQEs)exceeding 20%[7,8,14,15].However,the performances of pure-blue PeLEDs,i.e.,brightness and EQEs,still lag largely behind those of the green and red counterparts,which severely impedes the PeLED application in full-color display and solid-state lighting.
