Coastal wetlands are crucial for the‘blue carbon sink’,significantly contributing to regulating climate change.This study util-ized 160 soil samples,35 remote sensing features,and 5 geo-climatic data to accurately e...Coastal wetlands are crucial for the‘blue carbon sink’,significantly contributing to regulating climate change.This study util-ized 160 soil samples,35 remote sensing features,and 5 geo-climatic data to accurately estimate the soil organic carbon stocks(SOCS)in the coastal wetlands of Tianjin and Hebei,China.To reduce data redundancy,simplify model complexity,and improve model inter-pretability,Pearson correlation analysis(PsCA),Boruta,and recursive feature elimination(RFE)were employed to optimize features.Combined with the optimized features,the soil organic carbon density(SOCD)prediction model was constructed by using multivariate adaptive regression splines(MARS),extreme gradient boosting(XGBoost),and random forest(RF)algorithms and applied to predict the spatial distribution of SOCD and estimate the SOCS of different wetland types in 2020.The results show that:1)different feature combinations have a significant influence on the model performance.Better prediction performance was attained by building a model using RFE-based feature combinations.RF has the best prediction accuracy(R^(2)=0.587,RMSE=0.798 kg/m^(2),MAE=0.660 kg/m^(2)).2)Optical features are more important than radar and geo-climatic features in the MARS,XGBoost,and RF algorithms.3)The size of SOCS is related to SOCD and the area of each wetland type,aquaculture pond has the highest SOCS,followed by marsh,salt pan,mud-flat,and sand shore.展开更多
Original sedimentary manganese(Mn)deposits and supergene Mn ores are important Mn resources in China.However,the geochemical information from Chinese supergene Mn ores is scarce,and the relationship between sedimentar...Original sedimentary manganese(Mn)deposits and supergene Mn ores are important Mn resources in China.However,the geochemical information from Chinese supergene Mn ores is scarce,and the relationship between sedimentary Mn deposits and supergene Mn ores is ambiguous.In this study,we collected the original Mn-bearing dolomitic sandstones(ZK20-3 drillcore)and supergene Mn ores(Longmen Section)from eastern Hebei,North China for systematic petrographic,mineralogical and geochemical analyses.Our new data help us to figure out the transformation from original Mn-bearing deposits to supergene ores.The main minerals of original Mn-bearing dolomitic sandstones are quartz and feldspar,with minor muscovite,dolomite,rhodochrosite,ankerite,and kutnohorite.Supergene Mn-oxide ores only emerged in the middle part of the Longmen(LM)Section,and mainly contain quartz,pyrolusite,cryptomelane,todorokite and occasional dolomite.The possible transformation sequence of Mn minerals is:kutnohorite/rhodochrosite→pyrolusite(Ⅰ)→cryptomelane(todorokite)→todorokite(cryptomelane)→pyrolusite(Ⅱ).For Mn-oxide ores,Fe,Na and Si are enriched but Al,Ca,Mg and K are depleted with the enrichment of Mn.For original and supergene ores,the total rare earth element+ytterbium(∑REY)contents range from 105.68×10^(-6)to 250.56×10^(-6)and from 18.08×10^(-6)to 176.60×10^(-6),respectively.Original Mn ores have similar slightly LREE-enriched patterns,but the purer Mn-oxide ore shows a HREE-enriched pattern.In the middle part of the LM Section,positive Ce anomalies in Mn-oxide ores indicate the precipitation of Ce-bearing minerals.It implies the existence of geochemical barriers,which changed p H and Eh values due to the long-time influence of groundwater.展开更多
Medium-low temperature geothermal resources are abundant in the Guanxian fault depression.An essential foundation for the effective development and use of geothermal resources is the study of the genetic model and res...Medium-low temperature geothermal resources are abundant in the Guanxian fault depression.An essential foundation for the effective development and use of geothermal resources is the study of the genetic model and resource assessment of the geothermal system.This study examines the geothermal geological circumstances,hydrochemical features,and geothermal field characteristics based on the regional geological structure and prior research findings.The appraisal of geothermal resources is done,and a conceptual model of the geothermal system in the research area is built.The findings indicate that the Guan xian fault depression's geothermal resources are primarily Guantao Formation sandstone heat reservoirs.The geothermal water at the wellhead has a temperature between 54℃and 60℃,and its primary chemistry is Cl·SO_(4)-Na.Deep thermal conduction heats the geothermal water,which is then laterally supplied to the reservoir after being largely restored by air precipitation from the western Taihang Mountains.With an annual exploitable geothermal resource of 6,782×10^(12)J,or 23.14×10^(4)tons of standard coal,the Guantao Formation sandstone reservoir in the Guanxian depression has a geothermal resource of about 620.10×10^(16)J.An area of 18 million m^(2)can be heated by geothermal extraction per year,demonstrating the potential for geothermal resources and their high development and use value.展开更多
This study,based on Artificial Neural Network(ANN)technology,develops a quantitative prediction model for the unit water flow rate of the Quaternary strata in the Shijiazhuang-Hebei Plain area.The study area extends f...This study,based on Artificial Neural Network(ANN)technology,develops a quantitative prediction model for the unit water flow rate of the Quaternary strata in the Shijiazhuang-Hebei Plain area.The study area extends from the piedmont region of Shijiazhuang,at the eastern foothills of the Taihang Mountains,to the hinterland area of Hengshui within the plain in Hebei Province section of the North China Plain.The hydrological and exploration boreholes selected for modeling are primarily located in the south-eastern part of Shijiazhuang urban area—the southern region of Xinji County—north of Hengshui City near the Shenzhou County area.By employing the Induced Polarization method(IP)and Vertical Electrical Sounding(VES),apparent resistivity(ρS),apparent polarization rate(ηS),half-decay time(Th),and decay degree(D)were obtained as initial input parameters.These were combined with the measured water flow rates from borehole pumping tests to build the training sample set.To address the prevalent issue of high-salinity interference in the study area,multiple regression analysis revealed that when the inverted resistiv-ity(ρ)is less than 5Ω·m and the inverted polarization rate(η)is greater than 8%,the contribution of groundwater salinity to the resistivity parameter reaches 42%±6%.Based on this,a comprehensive parame-ter T"=ρ*H/ρ'was established,whereρis the aquifer resistivity,ρ'is the aquitard resistivity,and H is the aquifer thickness.The resistivity ratio effectively eliminates the coupling effect between electrical parame-ters and salinity.The input neurons of the improved model were adjusted to a four-parameter system consisting of decay time(Th),decay degree(D),deviation degree(σ),and the comprehensive parameter(T").Experiments showed that the prediction error of the model on the validation set was reduced from the original model's 5%-10%to 0.9%-5%.The introduction of the T"parameter reduced the prediction error in high salinity areas(Cl->500 mg/L)to within 7%.The study confirms that the composite parameter T"based on geophysical inversion parameters can effectively characterize the coupling features of aquifer thickness and water quality.Even with a small sample size,through algorithm optimization,data augmentation,and model structural improvements,it is entirely possible to effectively enhance prediction accuracy and gener-alization ability,providing a new parameterization method for the quantitative evaluation of Quaternary pore water in plain areas.展开更多
Frequent extreme heat events exacerbated by global warming pose a significant threat to human health.However,the dynamic changes in human thermal comfort during such regional extremes remain understudied.This study in...Frequent extreme heat events exacerbated by global warming pose a significant threat to human health.However,the dynamic changes in human thermal comfort during such regional extremes remain understudied.This study investigates the spatiotemporal characteristics of the Universal Thermal Climate Index(UTCI)during 5-year return period extreme heat events across the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei(BTH)region of China,utilizing 40 years of meteorological data from 174 stations.A non-stationary Generalized Extreme Value distribution model with a location parameter link function was identified as the optimal model(for 65.3%of stations)through the Akaike Information Criterion,capturing 16 regional extreme heat events.Results indicate that extreme heat thresholds rise with increasing return periods,with the highest thresholds concentrated around Beijing and Shijiazhuang.Air temperature and mean radiant temperature were found to be the dominant factors influencing UTCI,with daytime air temperature contributing 47.03%to 50.64%and nighttime mean radiant temperature contributing up to 48.55%.Spatially,“extreme heat stress”conditions,as defined by UTCI,were predominantly observed in the southeastern plains of Beijing and southern Hebei Province.Diurnally,UTCI peaked between 1200 and 1600 BT(Beijing time),generally returning to“no heat stress”levels across most areas between 0000 and 0600 BT.These findings provide crucial insights into the dynamics of human thermal comfort during extreme heat events in the BTH region,offering valuable scientific support for developing targeted heat mitigation and adaptation strategies.展开更多
Objective： This study estimates the numbers of new cancer cases and cancer deaths in Hebei province using incidence and mortality data from 9 population-based cancer registries in 2012. Methods： The data of new diag...Objective： This study estimates the numbers of new cancer cases and cancer deaths in Hebei province using incidence and mortality data from 9 population-based cancer registries in 2012. Methods： The data of new diagnosed cancer cases and cancer deaths in 2012 were collected from 9 population-based cancer registries of Hebei province in 2015. All the data met the National Central Cancer Registry of China （NCCR） criteria of data quality. The pooled data analysis was stratified by areas （urban/ rural）, gender, age group （0, 1-4, 5-9, 10-14 85＋） and cancer type. New cancer cases and deaths in Hebei province were estimated using age-specific rates and corresponding provincial population in 2012. The 10 most common cancers in different groups and the cumulative rates were calculated. Chinese population census in 2000 and Segi＇s population were used for age-standardized incidence/mortality rates. Results： All cancer registries covered 4,986,847 populations, 6.84% of Hebei provincial population （2,098,547 in urban and 2,888,300 in rural areas）. The percentage of cases morphologically verified （MV%） and death certificate-only cases （DCO%） were 76.40% and 4.72%, respectively. The mortality to incidence rate ratio （M/I） was 0.64. In 2012, it is estimated that there were about 187,900 new diagnosed cancer cases and 119,800 cancer deaths in Hebei province. The incidence rate of cancer was 258.12/100,000 （275.75/100,000 in males, 239.78/100,000 in females）, and the age-standardized incidence rates by Chinese standard population （ASIRC） and by world standard population （ASIRW） were 210.65/100,000 and 208.50/100,000, with the cumulative incidence rates （0-74 years old） of 24.46%. The cancer incidence and ASIRC were 256.99/100,000 and 211.32/100,000 in urban areas and 258.94/100,000 and 209.99/100,000 in rural areas, respectively. The cancer mortality rate was 164.63/100,000 （201.85/100,000 in males, 125.92/100,000 in females）. Age- standardized mortality rates by Chinese standard population （ASMRC） and by world standard population （ASMRW） were 137.30/100,000 and 137.39/100,000 with the cumulative mortality rate （0-74 years old） of 14.58%, respectively. The cancer mortality rate in rural areas （167.16/100,000） was higher than that in urban areas （161.16/100,000）. The most common cancers were lung cancer, stomach cancer, breast cancer, esophageal cancer, liver cancer and colorectal cancer, which accounted for 72.31% of all cancer cases. Lung cancer, stomach cancer, liver cancer, esophageal cancer and colorectal cancer were the major causes of cancer death in Hebei province, which accounted for 75.24% of all cancer deaths. The cancer spectrum differs between urban and rural, males and females in both incidence and mortality rates. Conclusions： The most common cancers were lung cancer, stomach cancer, esophageal cancer, breast cancer, liver cancer and eolorectal cancer in Hebei province.展开更多
Water retention is important in forest ecosystem services. The heterogeneity analysis of water-retention capacity and its influencing factors is of great significance for the construction of water-retention functional...Water retention is important in forest ecosystem services. The heterogeneity analysis of water-retention capacity and its influencing factors is of great significance for the construction of water-retention functional areas, restoration of vegetation, and the protection of forest ecosystems in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region. A total of 1366 records concerning water-retention capacity in the canopy layer, litter layer, and soil layer of forest ecosystem in this region were obtained from 193 literature published from 1980 to 2017. The influencing factors of water-retention capacity in each layer were analyzed, and path analysis was used to investigate the contribution of the factors to the water-retention capacity of the three layers. The results showed that mixed forests had the highest water-retention capacity, followed by broad-leaved forests, coniferous forests, and shrub forests. In addition, no matter the forest type, the ranking of the water-retention capacity was soil layer, canopy layer, and litter layer from high to low. The main influencing factors of water-retention capacity in forest canopy were leaf area index and maximum daily precipitation(R2=0.49), and the influencing coefficients were 0.34 and 0.30, respectively. The main influencing factors of water-retention capacity in the litter layer were semi-decomposed litter(R2=0.51), and the influencing coefficient was 0.51. The main influencing factors of water-retention capacity in the soil layer were non-capillary porosity and soil depth(R2=0.61), the influencing coefficients were 0.60 and 0.38, respectively. This study verifies the simulation of the water balance model or inversion of remote sensing of the water-retention capacity at the site scale, and provides scientific basis for further study of the impact of global change on water retention.展开更多
Ground fissure hazards frequently emerge in Hebei Plain, which damage roads, dams, buildings and farmland. The paper reviews and analyses current state of knowledge and research into ground fissure and geological envi...Ground fissure hazards frequently emerge in Hebei Plain, which damage roads, dams, buildings and farmland. The paper reviews and analyses current state of knowledge and research into ground fissure and geological environment in Hebei Plain. It is shown that the level of research and investigation is in some aspects insufficient. Knowledge is lacking in the use of corresponding geological concept models for specific ground fissures, three-dimensional numerical simulations of ground fissures caused by pumping through soil with pre-existing fractures, numerical simulations of ground fissures caused by dislocation in intersection faults, and the failure criterion and the constitutive relationship of rock and soil. Furthermore, we put forward geological concept models for ground fissure formation following the dislocation of a buried intersection fault, over-exploitation of groundwater and its compound origin mechanisms in order to provide scientific evidence for the quantitative analysis.展开更多
Net Primary Productivity （NPP） is one of the important biophysical variables of vegetation activity, and it plays an important role in studying global carbon cycle, carbon source and sink of ecosystem, and spatial a...Net Primary Productivity （NPP） is one of the important biophysical variables of vegetation activity, and it plays an important role in studying global carbon cycle, carbon source and sink of ecosystem, and spatial and temporal distribution of CO2. Remote sensing can provide broad view quickly, timely and multi-temporally, which makes it an attractive and powerful tool for studying ecosystem primary productivity, at scales ranging from local to global. This paper aims to use Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer （MODIS） data to estimate and analyze spatial and temporal distribution of NPP of the northern Hebei Province in 2001 based on Carnegie-Ames-Stanford Approach （CASA） model. The spatial distribution of Absorbed Photosynthetically Active Radiation （APAR） of vegetation and light use efficiency in three geographical subregions, that is, Bashang Plateau Region, Basin Region in the northwestern Hebei Province and Yanshan Mountainous Region in the Northern Hebei Province were analyzed, and total NPP spatial distribution of the study area in 2001 was discussed. Based on 16-day MODIS Fraction of Photosynthetically Active Radiation absorbed by vegetation （FPAR） product, 16-day composite NPP dynamics were calculated using CASA model; the seasonal dynamics of vegetation NPP in three subreglons were also analyzed. Result reveals that the total NPP of the study area in 2001 was 25.1877 × 10^6gC/（m^2.a）, and NPP in 2001 ranged from 2 to 608gC/（m^2-a）, with an average of 337.516gC/（m^2.a）. NPP of the study area in 2001 accumulated mainly from May to September （DOY 129-272）, high NIP values appeared from June to August （DOY 177-204）, and the maximum NPP appeared from late July to mid-August （DOY 209-224）.展开更多
The study on 82 surface soil pollen samples from different types of cultivated vegetations in central and southern parts of Hebei Province indicates that the pollen assem- blages from farmlands in the plain have not o...The study on 82 surface soil pollen samples from different types of cultivated vegetations in central and southern parts of Hebei Province indicates that the pollen assem- blages from farmlands in the plain have not only their own plant types, but also the pollen components from the nearby mountains. Arboreal pollen percentages and concentrations （dominated by Pinus） from farmlands in mountain area are higher than those in the plain, and it reduces gradually with the increasing distance away from the mountains. Taking Pinus pollen in Taihang Mountains as an example, its content is 20%-30%, 10%-20%, 20%-30% and below 16% respectively for the samples from the area of 0-50, 50-100, 100-150 and more than 150 km away from the east Taihang Mountains. The increase of Pinus pollen proportion in the central plain is probably related to the fohn effect. The spatial variation of AP from mountains to the plain in Hebei Province may be similar to the forests clearance by human activities in the early historical period. Shrubby pollen proportion is small both in mountains and in the plain, but their major components are different. Elaeagnaceae, Corylus, Ostryopsis and Oleaceae are common in mountain areas, while there are relatively high contents of Rosaceae and Vitaceae in the plain. Herbs content in the plain （about 60%） is 15% higher than that in mountains, among which the Cereals and Cruciferae pollen percentages are 5% and 2% higher respectively. Artemisia pollen percentage in the plain is lower than that in mountains. Since the human activities are weaker in mountains compared with that in the plain, the general trend is that Chenopodiaceae pollen increases from mountains to the plain gradually, reflecting the raising intensity of human activities. The fern spores of Selaginella sinensis in mountains are higher than that in the plain, but it still reaches to about 7% in the plain. The fern spores of Selaginella sinensis are not prone to be spread by wind, indicating that those in the surface soil of the plain may be carried by river water from mountains during the deposition of the plain.展开更多
Based on three typical mediums(sandy loam, loam and sandy clay loam) in Hebei Plain, this paper designs phreatic evaporation experiments under different lithology and phreatic depth. Based on the analysis of experimen...Based on three typical mediums(sandy loam, loam and sandy clay loam) in Hebei Plain, this paper designs phreatic evaporation experiments under different lithology and phreatic depth. Based on the analysis of experimental data, the phreatic evaporation law and influencing factors of three mediums were studied. The results showed that:(1) The shallower the phreatic depth, the larger the phreatic evaporation.(2) Sandy clay loam has the biggest response to the increase of the phreatic depth, sandy loam is the second and loam is the smallest.(3) The limit depth of phreatic evaporation of sandy clay loam is about 3 m and that of loam and sandy loam is about 2 m and 3 m, seperately.(4) By fitting the daily evaporation of phreatic water and phreatic depth, the results showed that sandy loam and sandy clay loam are exponential functions and loam is power functions.展开更多
Bali Island in Indonesia,one of the Asian regions with the fastest-developed tourism industry,was taken for example to analyze its experience in making tourism development planning,raising funds,and brand building.On ...Bali Island in Indonesia,one of the Asian regions with the fastest-developed tourism industry,was taken for example to analyze its experience in making tourism development planning,raising funds,and brand building.On this basis,we proposed concrete suggestions for the future tourism development of Hebei Province in China by combining with its actual conditions:buildings in scenic spots have to show regional styles;folk custom tourism should be fully used to enhance tourism development;advanced management experience of foreign tourism enterprises should be introduced;a favorable tourism development atmosphere should be created first;foreign investment should be attracted.展开更多
Strengthening brand construction should be the starting point for the development of vegetable industry, and the key point of upgrading quality, enhancing efficiency and transforming the development pattern in Hebei P...Strengthening brand construction should be the starting point for the development of vegetable industry, and the key point of upgrading quality, enhancing efficiency and transforming the development pattern in Hebei Province. In view of the current situation of vegetable industry in Hebei Province, such as market saturation, quality upgrading, and the problems existing in the development of vegetable brands, some ideas and suggestions were put forward to strengthen the development of brand vegetables in Hebei Province.展开更多
The Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Plain(BTHP)is the political,economic and cultural center of China,where groundwater is the main source of water supply to support social and economic development.Continuous overdraft of the r...The Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Plain(BTHP)is the political,economic and cultural center of China,where groundwater is the main source of water supply to support social and economic development.Continuous overdraft of the resources has caused a persistent decline of groundwater level and formed a huge cone of depression at a regional scale.This paper addresses current groundwater situation over the BTHP area.The paper also delineates the groundwater flow field,using groundwater level data,in order to provide an effective method for the restoration of groundwater level and associated water resources management.Based on the analysis of multiple factors,such as groundwater level,soil salinization,ground subsidence,groundwater recharge and storage,urban underground space security,formation of fractures,and seawater intrusion,the threshold for groundwater level restoration is defined,and some measures for groundwater over-exploitation management are accordingly proposed.The study shows that:(i)Since the 1980s to 2020,shallow groundwater level in the western part of the BTHP area has dropped by 25 m to 60m,while the cumulative decline of deep groundwater in the central and eastern regions is in the range of 40–80 m;(ii)The water table of the shallow groundwater within the depression zone over the Western Piedmont Plain should be controlled in the range of 15–30 m below ground level(mbgl),while the depth of groundwater level in large and medium-sized urban areas should be controlled within 20–30 mbgl.The groundwater level in the resource preservation area should be controlled within 10–15 mbgl,and the groundwater level in the area with identified soil salinization in the central and eastern plain should be controlled within 3–10 mbgl.However,for the deep groundwater in the central and eastern plainwater,the main focus of the resources management is to control the land subsidence.The water level in the severe land subsidence area should be controlled within 45–60 mbgl,and in the general subsidence area should be controlled within 30–45 mbgl;(iii)Based on the water level recovery threshold and proposed groundwater overdraft management program,if the balance of abstraction and recharge is reached in 2025,the shallow groundwater abstraction needs to be gradually reduced by about 2×10^(8) m^(3).Meanwhile,the ecological water replenishment of rivers through the South-to-North Water Transfer Project should be increased to 28.58×10^(8) m^(3)/a,and the deep groundwater abstraction needs to be gradually reduced by 2.24×10^(8) m^(3).To reach the target of shallow groundwater level in 2040,surface water replacement is recommended with a rate of 25.77×10^(8) m^(3)/a and the ecological water replenishment of rivers in the South-to-North Water Diversion Project should reach 33.51×10^(8) m^(3)/a.For deep groundwater recovery,it is recommended to replace the deep freshwater extraction with the utilization of shallow salt water by 2.82×10^(8) m^(3),in addition to the amount of 7.86×10^(8) m^(3) by water diversion.The results are of great significance to the remediation of groundwater over-exploitation,the regulation of water resources development and utilization,and ecological protection in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei plain.展开更多
Switzerland is one of the best tourism destinations in the world. Its development experience is valuable for Hebei, whose competitiveness is weak comparatively in spite of rich tourism resources. Specifically, the suc...Switzerland is one of the best tourism destinations in the world. Its development experience is valuable for Hebei, whose competitiveness is weak comparatively in spite of rich tourism resources. Specifically, the successful experiences of tourism development in Switzerland include environmental protection, cultural heritance, exhibition marketing, investment, brand management, hotel management, and so on. On this basis, four suggestions are recommended to upgrade tourism in Hebei Province based on its actual situations, namely regulating tourism market, pushing tourism education, attracting investments, and building tourism brand.展开更多
Hebei is one of the most air polluted provinces in China. According to the Ministry of Environmental Protection (MEP) for the severe fog-haze month of Jan. 2013, seven of the top ten most polluted cities in China are ...Hebei is one of the most air polluted provinces in China. According to the Ministry of Environmental Protection (MEP) for the severe fog-haze month of Jan. 2013, seven of the top ten most polluted cities in China are located in Hebei Province. In this study, the air pollution history and status of the Hebei Province are reviewed and discussed, using the governmental published Air Pollution Index (API), the academic observations by various scientific research groups and the long-term statistics of visibility and haze frequencies. It is found that within the Hebei Province, the air pollution in the southern cities is much more severe than the northern cities. Particulate matter (PM) is undoubtedly the major air pollutant, sulfur dioxide (SO2) and nitrogen oxides (NOX) pollutions are also unnegligible. Ozone (O3) pollution in larger cities, such as Shijiazhuang, is significant. Air pollution control history from 1998 is discussed as well. Although Hebei Province has made a great effort on air quality, the pollutant emissions, such as SO2 and fly ash, showed a notable increase in 2001 to 2006. However, after 2006 the emissions started to decrease due to the strict implementation of the national 11th Five Year Plan (FYP). In addition, regional jointly air pollution control and prevention strategies are expected in the future to substantially change the severe air pollution status in Hebei Province.展开更多
In order to study the distribution and evolution features of saline soil, the correlations between the groundwater depth, salinity and salinization of soil are examined through analyzing the hydrometeorological data a...In order to study the distribution and evolution features of saline soil, the correlations between the groundwater depth, salinity and salinization of soil are examined through analyzing the hydrometeorological data and distribution maps of saline soil, groundwater depth and salinity in 1957 and 2005. The results show that the area of salinization has generally decreased. The area of salinization decreases with the increasing groundwater depth, and the dynamic evolution characteristics appeared between the groundwater depth and area of salinization. The area of heavy salinization is greatest when the groundwater salinity is > 5 g/L, the area of moderate salinization is greatest when the groundwater salinity is between 2-5 g/L, the area of light salinization is greatest when the groundwater salinity is 1-2 g/L and the area of non-salinization is greatest when the groundwater salinity is <1 g/L. The area of heavy salinization was characterized with groundwater depth <2.5 m and salinity >1.8 g/L. The area of non-salinization was characterized with groundwater depth >4.0 m and salinity 0.2-1.5 g/L.展开更多
[ Objective] The research aimed to analyze a local snowstorm weather process which happened in Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei during I - 4 January, 2010. [ Method] Based on routine meteorological observation data and NCEP...[ Objective] The research aimed to analyze a local snowstorm weather process which happened in Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei during I - 4 January, 2010. [ Method] Based on routine meteorological observation data and NCEP/NCAR 2.5° ×2.5° grid data （four times every day）, a lo- cal snowstorm weather process which happened in Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei during 1 -4 January, 2010 was carried out diagnostic analysis by using composite analysis method. [Result] Circumfluence on the ground and strong cold advection in the rear of upper trough were the main weath- er system of the snowfall. The deep thick wet layer and strong water vapor convergence provided sufficient water vapor for snowfall. The divergence field of low-level convergence and high^level divergence, dynamic coupling effect of vorticity provided favorable dynamic condition upwardly for the occurrence of strong snowfall. The steep dense area of Oso, low temperature at the ground layer and inversion temperature at the high layer provided certain energy condition for the development of snowfall weather. [ Conclusion] The research provided theoretical basis for snowfall forecast in future.展开更多
Variation of terrestrial water storage in the Hebei plain area from March 2010 to June 2014 was studied using ground gravimetry combined with vertical displacement data from the Global Navigation Satellite System.Resu...Variation of terrestrial water storage in the Hebei plain area from March 2010 to June 2014 was studied using ground gravimetry combined with vertical displacement data from the Global Navigation Satellite System.Results show that observed gravity variation in this area increased continuously,basically reflecting a trend toward land subsidence.With the effect of this subsidence removed,a dominantnegative change in gravity variation was evident,reflecting an average rate of decrease in terrestrial water in this area of 0.10±0.053 m/y,and this is equivalent to a volume of 81.5±43.2×108 m^(3)and is consistent with the spatial distribution of groundwater change from measured hydrologic data.These results can be an essential reference and supplement for the study of terrestrial water variation in the Hebei plain area,and indicate that ground surface gravimetry can be used as an important mean for studying changes in terrestrial water.展开更多
Farmer＇s willingness for purchasing information, an important factor of farmer＇s information demand, was analyzed by logit model, according to the survey data of 535 farmers from eleven cities in Hebei province. The...Farmer＇s willingness for purchasing information, an important factor of farmer＇s information demand, was analyzed by logit model, according to the survey data of 535 farmers from eleven cities in Hebei province. The result showed that 6 factors had a significant influence on it, that is, education of farmers, per capita income of farmers, the affordability of information risk, the proportion of agricultural labor households, the type of agricultural production and the rural information service stations. On the basis of these, the related policy recommendations were proposed.展开更多
基金Under the auspices of National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.42101393,41901375,52274166)Hebei Natural Science Foundation(No.D2022209005,D2023209008)Central Guided Local Science and Technology Development Fund Project of Hebei Province(No.236Z3305G,246Z4201G)Key Research and Development Program of Science and Technology Plan of Tangshan,China(No.22150221J)。
文摘Coastal wetlands are crucial for the‘blue carbon sink’,significantly contributing to regulating climate change.This study util-ized 160 soil samples,35 remote sensing features,and 5 geo-climatic data to accurately estimate the soil organic carbon stocks(SOCS)in the coastal wetlands of Tianjin and Hebei,China.To reduce data redundancy,simplify model complexity,and improve model inter-pretability,Pearson correlation analysis(PsCA),Boruta,and recursive feature elimination(RFE)were employed to optimize features.Combined with the optimized features,the soil organic carbon density(SOCD)prediction model was constructed by using multivariate adaptive regression splines(MARS),extreme gradient boosting(XGBoost),and random forest(RF)algorithms and applied to predict the spatial distribution of SOCD and estimate the SOCS of different wetland types in 2020.The results show that:1)different feature combinations have a significant influence on the model performance.Better prediction performance was attained by building a model using RFE-based feature combinations.RF has the best prediction accuracy(R^(2)=0.587,RMSE=0.798 kg/m^(2),MAE=0.660 kg/m^(2)).2)Optical features are more important than radar and geo-climatic features in the MARS,XGBoost,and RF algorithms.3)The size of SOCS is related to SOCD and the area of each wetland type,aquaculture pond has the highest SOCS,followed by marsh,salt pan,mud-flat,and sand shore.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2022YFF0800200)the NSFC(Nos.U1812402 and 42072131)+6 种基金Most Special Fund(No.MSFGPMR33)from the State Key Laboratory of GPMRthe CUG Scholar Scientific Research Funds(No.2022036)the NSF of Hebei Province(No.D2021334001)Research Project of Talent Engineering Training of Hebei Province(No.B2020005007)Research Project of Postdoctoral Scientific Research Station of HBGMR(No.454-0602-YBN-Z9E4)Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province(No.D2021334001)the Central Government Guides Local Funds for Scientific and Technological Development(No.236Z7608 G)。
文摘Original sedimentary manganese(Mn)deposits and supergene Mn ores are important Mn resources in China.However,the geochemical information from Chinese supergene Mn ores is scarce,and the relationship between sedimentary Mn deposits and supergene Mn ores is ambiguous.In this study,we collected the original Mn-bearing dolomitic sandstones(ZK20-3 drillcore)and supergene Mn ores(Longmen Section)from eastern Hebei,North China for systematic petrographic,mineralogical and geochemical analyses.Our new data help us to figure out the transformation from original Mn-bearing deposits to supergene ores.The main minerals of original Mn-bearing dolomitic sandstones are quartz and feldspar,with minor muscovite,dolomite,rhodochrosite,ankerite,and kutnohorite.Supergene Mn-oxide ores only emerged in the middle part of the Longmen(LM)Section,and mainly contain quartz,pyrolusite,cryptomelane,todorokite and occasional dolomite.The possible transformation sequence of Mn minerals is:kutnohorite/rhodochrosite→pyrolusite(Ⅰ)→cryptomelane(todorokite)→todorokite(cryptomelane)→pyrolusite(Ⅱ).For Mn-oxide ores,Fe,Na and Si are enriched but Al,Ca,Mg and K are depleted with the enrichment of Mn.For original and supergene ores,the total rare earth element+ytterbium(∑REY)contents range from 105.68×10^(-6)to 250.56×10^(-6)and from 18.08×10^(-6)to 176.60×10^(-6),respectively.Original Mn ores have similar slightly LREE-enriched patterns,but the purer Mn-oxide ore shows a HREE-enriched pattern.In the middle part of the LM Section,positive Ce anomalies in Mn-oxide ores indicate the precipitation of Ce-bearing minerals.It implies the existence of geochemical barriers,which changed p H and Eh values due to the long-time influence of groundwater.
基金funded by the Hebei Province Natural Resources Science and Technology Project(13000024P00F2D410443X).
文摘Medium-low temperature geothermal resources are abundant in the Guanxian fault depression.An essential foundation for the effective development and use of geothermal resources is the study of the genetic model and resource assessment of the geothermal system.This study examines the geothermal geological circumstances,hydrochemical features,and geothermal field characteristics based on the regional geological structure and prior research findings.The appraisal of geothermal resources is done,and a conceptual model of the geothermal system in the research area is built.The findings indicate that the Guan xian fault depression's geothermal resources are primarily Guantao Formation sandstone heat reservoirs.The geothermal water at the wellhead has a temperature between 54℃and 60℃,and its primary chemistry is Cl·SO_(4)-Na.Deep thermal conduction heats the geothermal water,which is then laterally supplied to the reservoir after being largely restored by air precipitation from the western Taihang Mountains.With an annual exploitable geothermal resource of 6,782×10^(12)J,or 23.14×10^(4)tons of standard coal,the Guantao Formation sandstone reservoir in the Guanxian depression has a geothermal resource of about 620.10×10^(16)J.An area of 18 million m^(2)can be heated by geothermal extraction per year,demonstrating the potential for geothermal resources and their high development and use value.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.42277460)the Fundamental Research Project of Institute of Hydrogeology and Environmental Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences(No.SK202210).
文摘This study,based on Artificial Neural Network(ANN)technology,develops a quantitative prediction model for the unit water flow rate of the Quaternary strata in the Shijiazhuang-Hebei Plain area.The study area extends from the piedmont region of Shijiazhuang,at the eastern foothills of the Taihang Mountains,to the hinterland area of Hengshui within the plain in Hebei Province section of the North China Plain.The hydrological and exploration boreholes selected for modeling are primarily located in the south-eastern part of Shijiazhuang urban area—the southern region of Xinji County—north of Hengshui City near the Shenzhou County area.By employing the Induced Polarization method(IP)and Vertical Electrical Sounding(VES),apparent resistivity(ρS),apparent polarization rate(ηS),half-decay time(Th),and decay degree(D)were obtained as initial input parameters.These were combined with the measured water flow rates from borehole pumping tests to build the training sample set.To address the prevalent issue of high-salinity interference in the study area,multiple regression analysis revealed that when the inverted resistiv-ity(ρ)is less than 5Ω·m and the inverted polarization rate(η)is greater than 8%,the contribution of groundwater salinity to the resistivity parameter reaches 42%±6%.Based on this,a comprehensive parame-ter T"=ρ*H/ρ'was established,whereρis the aquifer resistivity,ρ'is the aquitard resistivity,and H is the aquifer thickness.The resistivity ratio effectively eliminates the coupling effect between electrical parame-ters and salinity.The input neurons of the improved model were adjusted to a four-parameter system consisting of decay time(Th),decay degree(D),deviation degree(σ),and the comprehensive parameter(T").Experiments showed that the prediction error of the model on the validation set was reduced from the original model's 5%-10%to 0.9%-5%.The introduction of the T"parameter reduced the prediction error in high salinity areas(Cl->500 mg/L)to within 7%.The study confirms that the composite parameter T"based on geophysical inversion parameters can effectively characterize the coupling features of aquifer thickness and water quality.Even with a small sample size,through algorithm optimization,data augmentation,and model structural improvements,it is entirely possible to effectively enhance prediction accuracy and gener-alization ability,providing a new parameterization method for the quantitative evaluation of Quaternary pore water in plain areas.
基金supported by the Hebei Provincial Key Research and Development Program[grant numbers 23375401D and22375404D]the China Meteorological Administration[grant number FPZJ2024-011]the Hebei Meteorological Bureau[grant number21ky32]。
文摘Frequent extreme heat events exacerbated by global warming pose a significant threat to human health.However,the dynamic changes in human thermal comfort during such regional extremes remain understudied.This study investigates the spatiotemporal characteristics of the Universal Thermal Climate Index(UTCI)during 5-year return period extreme heat events across the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei(BTH)region of China,utilizing 40 years of meteorological data from 174 stations.A non-stationary Generalized Extreme Value distribution model with a location parameter link function was identified as the optimal model(for 65.3%of stations)through the Akaike Information Criterion,capturing 16 regional extreme heat events.Results indicate that extreme heat thresholds rise with increasing return periods,with the highest thresholds concentrated around Beijing and Shijiazhuang.Air temperature and mean radiant temperature were found to be the dominant factors influencing UTCI,with daytime air temperature contributing 47.03%to 50.64%and nighttime mean radiant temperature contributing up to 48.55%.Spatially,“extreme heat stress”conditions,as defined by UTCI,were predominantly observed in the southeastern plains of Beijing and southern Hebei Province.Diurnally,UTCI peaked between 1200 and 1600 BT(Beijing time),generally returning to“no heat stress”levels across most areas between 0000 and 0600 BT.These findings provide crucial insights into the dynamics of human thermal comfort during extreme heat events in the BTH region,offering valuable scientific support for developing targeted heat mitigation and adaptation strategies.
基金supported by grants from the National Natural Scientific Foundation of China(81272682)the Financial Department of Hebei Province[No.(2012)2056]the Financial Department of Hebei province[No.(2014)1257]
文摘Objective： This study estimates the numbers of new cancer cases and cancer deaths in Hebei province using incidence and mortality data from 9 population-based cancer registries in 2012. Methods： The data of new diagnosed cancer cases and cancer deaths in 2012 were collected from 9 population-based cancer registries of Hebei province in 2015. All the data met the National Central Cancer Registry of China （NCCR） criteria of data quality. The pooled data analysis was stratified by areas （urban/ rural）, gender, age group （0, 1-4, 5-9, 10-14 85＋） and cancer type. New cancer cases and deaths in Hebei province were estimated using age-specific rates and corresponding provincial population in 2012. The 10 most common cancers in different groups and the cumulative rates were calculated. Chinese population census in 2000 and Segi＇s population were used for age-standardized incidence/mortality rates. Results： All cancer registries covered 4,986,847 populations, 6.84% of Hebei provincial population （2,098,547 in urban and 2,888,300 in rural areas）. The percentage of cases morphologically verified （MV%） and death certificate-only cases （DCO%） were 76.40% and 4.72%, respectively. The mortality to incidence rate ratio （M/I） was 0.64. In 2012, it is estimated that there were about 187,900 new diagnosed cancer cases and 119,800 cancer deaths in Hebei province. The incidence rate of cancer was 258.12/100,000 （275.75/100,000 in males, 239.78/100,000 in females）, and the age-standardized incidence rates by Chinese standard population （ASIRC） and by world standard population （ASIRW） were 210.65/100,000 and 208.50/100,000, with the cumulative incidence rates （0-74 years old） of 24.46%. The cancer incidence and ASIRC were 256.99/100,000 and 211.32/100,000 in urban areas and 258.94/100,000 and 209.99/100,000 in rural areas, respectively. The cancer mortality rate was 164.63/100,000 （201.85/100,000 in males, 125.92/100,000 in females）. Age- standardized mortality rates by Chinese standard population （ASMRC） and by world standard population （ASMRW） were 137.30/100,000 and 137.39/100,000 with the cumulative mortality rate （0-74 years old） of 14.58%, respectively. The cancer mortality rate in rural areas （167.16/100,000） was higher than that in urban areas （161.16/100,000）. The most common cancers were lung cancer, stomach cancer, breast cancer, esophageal cancer, liver cancer and colorectal cancer, which accounted for 72.31% of all cancer cases. Lung cancer, stomach cancer, liver cancer, esophageal cancer and colorectal cancer were the major causes of cancer death in Hebei province, which accounted for 75.24% of all cancer deaths. The cancer spectrum differs between urban and rural, males and females in both incidence and mortality rates. Conclusions： The most common cancers were lung cancer, stomach cancer, esophageal cancer, breast cancer, liver cancer and eolorectal cancer in Hebei province.
基金National Key R&D Program of China,No.2017YFA0604703National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.41771111+4 种基金Hebei Natural Science Foundation,No.D2019205123Youth Innovation Promotion Association,No.2018071Research Fund Project of Hebei Normal University,No.L052018Z09Key Subject of Physical Geography of Hebei ProvinceInvestigation and Monitoring Project of Ministry of Natural Resources,No.JCQQ191504-06。
文摘Water retention is important in forest ecosystem services. The heterogeneity analysis of water-retention capacity and its influencing factors is of great significance for the construction of water-retention functional areas, restoration of vegetation, and the protection of forest ecosystems in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region. A total of 1366 records concerning water-retention capacity in the canopy layer, litter layer, and soil layer of forest ecosystem in this region were obtained from 193 literature published from 1980 to 2017. The influencing factors of water-retention capacity in each layer were analyzed, and path analysis was used to investigate the contribution of the factors to the water-retention capacity of the three layers. The results showed that mixed forests had the highest water-retention capacity, followed by broad-leaved forests, coniferous forests, and shrub forests. In addition, no matter the forest type, the ranking of the water-retention capacity was soil layer, canopy layer, and litter layer from high to low. The main influencing factors of water-retention capacity in forest canopy were leaf area index and maximum daily precipitation(R2=0.49), and the influencing coefficients were 0.34 and 0.30, respectively. The main influencing factors of water-retention capacity in the litter layer were semi-decomposed litter(R2=0.51), and the influencing coefficient was 0.51. The main influencing factors of water-retention capacity in the soil layer were non-capillary porosity and soil depth(R2=0.61), the influencing coefficients were 0.60 and 0.38, respectively. This study verifies the simulation of the water balance model or inversion of remote sensing of the water-retention capacity at the site scale, and provides scientific basis for further study of the impact of global change on water retention.
基金supported by 973 ProgramSpecial Item(2010CB428805-1)the National Natural Science Foundation Project(41102138)
文摘Ground fissure hazards frequently emerge in Hebei Plain, which damage roads, dams, buildings and farmland. The paper reviews and analyses current state of knowledge and research into ground fissure and geological environment in Hebei Plain. It is shown that the level of research and investigation is in some aspects insufficient. Knowledge is lacking in the use of corresponding geological concept models for specific ground fissures, three-dimensional numerical simulations of ground fissures caused by pumping through soil with pre-existing fractures, numerical simulations of ground fissures caused by dislocation in intersection faults, and the failure criterion and the constitutive relationship of rock and soil. Furthermore, we put forward geological concept models for ground fissure formation following the dislocation of a buried intersection fault, over-exploitation of groundwater and its compound origin mechanisms in order to provide scientific evidence for the quantitative analysis.
基金Under the auspices of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 40571117), the Knowledge Innovation Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences (No. KZCX3-SW-338), Research foundation of the State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, Institute of Remote Sensing Applications, Chinese Academy of Sciences (KQ060006)
文摘Net Primary Productivity （NPP） is one of the important biophysical variables of vegetation activity, and it plays an important role in studying global carbon cycle, carbon source and sink of ecosystem, and spatial and temporal distribution of CO2. Remote sensing can provide broad view quickly, timely and multi-temporally, which makes it an attractive and powerful tool for studying ecosystem primary productivity, at scales ranging from local to global. This paper aims to use Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer （MODIS） data to estimate and analyze spatial and temporal distribution of NPP of the northern Hebei Province in 2001 based on Carnegie-Ames-Stanford Approach （CASA） model. The spatial distribution of Absorbed Photosynthetically Active Radiation （APAR） of vegetation and light use efficiency in three geographical subregions, that is, Bashang Plateau Region, Basin Region in the northwestern Hebei Province and Yanshan Mountainous Region in the Northern Hebei Province were analyzed, and total NPP spatial distribution of the study area in 2001 was discussed. Based on 16-day MODIS Fraction of Photosynthetically Active Radiation absorbed by vegetation （FPAR） product, 16-day composite NPP dynamics were calculated using CASA model; the seasonal dynamics of vegetation NPP in three subreglons were also analyzed. Result reveals that the total NPP of the study area in 2001 was 25.1877 × 10^6gC/（m^2.a）, and NPP in 2001 ranged from 2 to 608gC/（m^2-a）, with an average of 337.516gC/（m^2.a）. NPP of the study area in 2001 accumulated mainly from May to September （DOY 129-272）, high NIP values appeared from June to August （DOY 177-204）, and the maximum NPP appeared from late July to mid-August （DOY 209-224）.
基金Key National Natural Science Foundation of China, No.40730103 National Natural Science Foundation of China No. 40571166 and 40672107 Hebei Natural Science Foundation No.D2008000186, No.D2009000300
文摘The study on 82 surface soil pollen samples from different types of cultivated vegetations in central and southern parts of Hebei Province indicates that the pollen assem- blages from farmlands in the plain have not only their own plant types, but also the pollen components from the nearby mountains. Arboreal pollen percentages and concentrations （dominated by Pinus） from farmlands in mountain area are higher than those in the plain, and it reduces gradually with the increasing distance away from the mountains. Taking Pinus pollen in Taihang Mountains as an example, its content is 20%-30%, 10%-20%, 20%-30% and below 16% respectively for the samples from the area of 0-50, 50-100, 100-150 and more than 150 km away from the east Taihang Mountains. The increase of Pinus pollen proportion in the central plain is probably related to the fohn effect. The spatial variation of AP from mountains to the plain in Hebei Province may be similar to the forests clearance by human activities in the early historical period. Shrubby pollen proportion is small both in mountains and in the plain, but their major components are different. Elaeagnaceae, Corylus, Ostryopsis and Oleaceae are common in mountain areas, while there are relatively high contents of Rosaceae and Vitaceae in the plain. Herbs content in the plain （about 60%） is 15% higher than that in mountains, among which the Cereals and Cruciferae pollen percentages are 5% and 2% higher respectively. Artemisia pollen percentage in the plain is lower than that in mountains. Since the human activities are weaker in mountains compared with that in the plain, the general trend is that Chenopodiaceae pollen increases from mountains to the plain gradually, reflecting the raising intensity of human activities. The fern spores of Selaginella sinensis in mountains are higher than that in the plain, but it still reaches to about 7% in the plain. The fern spores of Selaginella sinensis are not prone to be spread by wind, indicating that those in the surface soil of the plain may be carried by river water from mountains during the deposition of the plain.
基金supported by the basic research fund of the GAGS(YYWF201624)Hebei graduate's innovative funding(CXZZSS20181)
文摘Based on three typical mediums(sandy loam, loam and sandy clay loam) in Hebei Plain, this paper designs phreatic evaporation experiments under different lithology and phreatic depth. Based on the analysis of experimental data, the phreatic evaporation law and influencing factors of three mediums were studied. The results showed that:(1) The shallower the phreatic depth, the larger the phreatic evaporation.(2) Sandy clay loam has the biggest response to the increase of the phreatic depth, sandy loam is the second and loam is the smallest.(3) The limit depth of phreatic evaporation of sandy clay loam is about 3 m and that of loam and sandy loam is about 2 m and 3 m, seperately.(4) By fitting the daily evaporation of phreatic water and phreatic depth, the results showed that sandy loam and sandy clay loam are exponential functions and loam is power functions.
基金Supported by Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province (G2010000337)2011 Research Program of Hebei Social Science Development (201103253)
文摘Bali Island in Indonesia,one of the Asian regions with the fastest-developed tourism industry,was taken for example to analyze its experience in making tourism development planning,raising funds,and brand building.On this basis,we proposed concrete suggestions for the future tourism development of Hebei Province in China by combining with its actual conditions:buildings in scenic spots have to show regional styles;folk custom tourism should be fully used to enhance tourism development;advanced management experience of foreign tourism enterprises should be introduced;a favorable tourism development atmosphere should be created first;foreign investment should be attracted.
文摘Strengthening brand construction should be the starting point for the development of vegetable industry, and the key point of upgrading quality, enhancing efficiency and transforming the development pattern in Hebei Province. In view of the current situation of vegetable industry in Hebei Province, such as market saturation, quality upgrading, and the problems existing in the development of vegetable brands, some ideas and suggestions were put forward to strengthen the development of brand vegetables in Hebei Province.
基金funded by Geological survey project of China Geological Survey (DD20190336, DD20221752)。
文摘The Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Plain(BTHP)is the political,economic and cultural center of China,where groundwater is the main source of water supply to support social and economic development.Continuous overdraft of the resources has caused a persistent decline of groundwater level and formed a huge cone of depression at a regional scale.This paper addresses current groundwater situation over the BTHP area.The paper also delineates the groundwater flow field,using groundwater level data,in order to provide an effective method for the restoration of groundwater level and associated water resources management.Based on the analysis of multiple factors,such as groundwater level,soil salinization,ground subsidence,groundwater recharge and storage,urban underground space security,formation of fractures,and seawater intrusion,the threshold for groundwater level restoration is defined,and some measures for groundwater over-exploitation management are accordingly proposed.The study shows that:(i)Since the 1980s to 2020,shallow groundwater level in the western part of the BTHP area has dropped by 25 m to 60m,while the cumulative decline of deep groundwater in the central and eastern regions is in the range of 40–80 m;(ii)The water table of the shallow groundwater within the depression zone over the Western Piedmont Plain should be controlled in the range of 15–30 m below ground level(mbgl),while the depth of groundwater level in large and medium-sized urban areas should be controlled within 20–30 mbgl.The groundwater level in the resource preservation area should be controlled within 10–15 mbgl,and the groundwater level in the area with identified soil salinization in the central and eastern plain should be controlled within 3–10 mbgl.However,for the deep groundwater in the central and eastern plainwater,the main focus of the resources management is to control the land subsidence.The water level in the severe land subsidence area should be controlled within 45–60 mbgl,and in the general subsidence area should be controlled within 30–45 mbgl;(iii)Based on the water level recovery threshold and proposed groundwater overdraft management program,if the balance of abstraction and recharge is reached in 2025,the shallow groundwater abstraction needs to be gradually reduced by about 2×10^(8) m^(3).Meanwhile,the ecological water replenishment of rivers through the South-to-North Water Transfer Project should be increased to 28.58×10^(8) m^(3)/a,and the deep groundwater abstraction needs to be gradually reduced by 2.24×10^(8) m^(3).To reach the target of shallow groundwater level in 2040,surface water replacement is recommended with a rate of 25.77×10^(8) m^(3)/a and the ecological water replenishment of rivers in the South-to-North Water Diversion Project should reach 33.51×10^(8) m^(3)/a.For deep groundwater recovery,it is recommended to replace the deep freshwater extraction with the utilization of shallow salt water by 2.82×10^(8) m^(3),in addition to the amount of 7.86×10^(8) m^(3) by water diversion.The results are of great significance to the remediation of groundwater over-exploitation,the regulation of water resources development and utilization,and ecological protection in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei plain.
基金Supported by Program of College of Management,Hebei University"Brand Building and Development of Cultural Heritage Tourism in Hebei Provience"USM Fellowship Grant offered by Universiti Sains Malaysia
文摘Switzerland is one of the best tourism destinations in the world. Its development experience is valuable for Hebei, whose competitiveness is weak comparatively in spite of rich tourism resources. Specifically, the successful experiences of tourism development in Switzerland include environmental protection, cultural heritance, exhibition marketing, investment, brand management, hotel management, and so on. On this basis, four suggestions are recommended to upgrade tourism in Hebei Province based on its actual situations, namely regulating tourism market, pushing tourism education, attracting investments, and building tourism brand.
文摘Hebei is one of the most air polluted provinces in China. According to the Ministry of Environmental Protection (MEP) for the severe fog-haze month of Jan. 2013, seven of the top ten most polluted cities in China are located in Hebei Province. In this study, the air pollution history and status of the Hebei Province are reviewed and discussed, using the governmental published Air Pollution Index (API), the academic observations by various scientific research groups and the long-term statistics of visibility and haze frequencies. It is found that within the Hebei Province, the air pollution in the southern cities is much more severe than the northern cities. Particulate matter (PM) is undoubtedly the major air pollutant, sulfur dioxide (SO2) and nitrogen oxides (NOX) pollutions are also unnegligible. Ozone (O3) pollution in larger cities, such as Shijiazhuang, is significant. Air pollution control history from 1998 is discussed as well. Although Hebei Province has made a great effort on air quality, the pollutant emissions, such as SO2 and fly ash, showed a notable increase in 2001 to 2006. However, after 2006 the emissions started to decrease due to the strict implementation of the national 11th Five Year Plan (FYP). In addition, regional jointly air pollution control and prevention strategies are expected in the future to substantially change the severe air pollution status in Hebei Province.
基金funded by 973 Program Special Item (2010CB428805-1)
文摘In order to study the distribution and evolution features of saline soil, the correlations between the groundwater depth, salinity and salinization of soil are examined through analyzing the hydrometeorological data and distribution maps of saline soil, groundwater depth and salinity in 1957 and 2005. The results show that the area of salinization has generally decreased. The area of salinization decreases with the increasing groundwater depth, and the dynamic evolution characteristics appeared between the groundwater depth and area of salinization. The area of heavy salinization is greatest when the groundwater salinity is > 5 g/L, the area of moderate salinization is greatest when the groundwater salinity is between 2-5 g/L, the area of light salinization is greatest when the groundwater salinity is 1-2 g/L and the area of non-salinization is greatest when the groundwater salinity is <1 g/L. The area of heavy salinization was characterized with groundwater depth <2.5 m and salinity >1.8 g/L. The area of non-salinization was characterized with groundwater depth >4.0 m and salinity 0.2-1.5 g/L.
文摘[ Objective] The research aimed to analyze a local snowstorm weather process which happened in Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei during I - 4 January, 2010. [ Method] Based on routine meteorological observation data and NCEP/NCAR 2.5° ×2.5° grid data （four times every day）, a lo- cal snowstorm weather process which happened in Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei during 1 -4 January, 2010 was carried out diagnostic analysis by using composite analysis method. [Result] Circumfluence on the ground and strong cold advection in the rear of upper trough were the main weath- er system of the snowfall. The deep thick wet layer and strong water vapor convergence provided sufficient water vapor for snowfall. The divergence field of low-level convergence and high^level divergence, dynamic coupling effect of vorticity provided favorable dynamic condition upwardly for the occurrence of strong snowfall. The steep dense area of Oso, low temperature at the ground layer and inversion temperature at the high layer provided certain energy condition for the development of snowfall weather. [ Conclusion] The research provided theoretical basis for snowfall forecast in future.
基金supported by the Director Foundation of Institute of Seismology,China Earthquake Administration(Grant Nos:IS201726121)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos:41304059)the special earthquake research grant offered by China Earthquake Administration(Grant Nos:201308009,201508009)。
文摘Variation of terrestrial water storage in the Hebei plain area from March 2010 to June 2014 was studied using ground gravimetry combined with vertical displacement data from the Global Navigation Satellite System.Results show that observed gravity variation in this area increased continuously,basically reflecting a trend toward land subsidence.With the effect of this subsidence removed,a dominantnegative change in gravity variation was evident,reflecting an average rate of decrease in terrestrial water in this area of 0.10±0.053 m/y,and this is equivalent to a volume of 81.5±43.2×108 m^(3)and is consistent with the spatial distribution of groundwater change from measured hydrologic data.These results can be an essential reference and supplement for the study of terrestrial water variation in the Hebei plain area,and indicate that ground surface gravimetry can be used as an important mean for studying changes in terrestrial water.
文摘Farmer＇s willingness for purchasing information, an important factor of farmer＇s information demand, was analyzed by logit model, according to the survey data of 535 farmers from eleven cities in Hebei province. The result showed that 6 factors had a significant influence on it, that is, education of farmers, per capita income of farmers, the affordability of information risk, the proportion of agricultural labor households, the type of agricultural production and the rural information service stations. On the basis of these, the related policy recommendations were proposed.
