Objective Despite the global decrease in influenza infections during the coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)pandemic,seasonal influenza remains a significant health issue.South Korea,known for its robust pandemic respo...Objective Despite the global decrease in influenza infections during the coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)pandemic,seasonal influenza remains a significant health issue.South Korea,known for its robust pandemic response and high influenza vaccination rates,offers a unique context for examining changes in vaccination trends during the pandemic.Using nationally representative data,we aimed to understand the impact of the pandemic on influenza vaccination behavior over a 12-year period and to identify vulnerable groups.Methods We analyzed influenza vaccination rates in South Korea between 2011-2022,focusing on pandemic-related impacts.The data of 2,426,139 adults(≥19 years)from the Korea Community Health Survey were used to assess demographic and sociological factors influencing vaccination behaviors.Results We observed an increase in influenza vaccination rates during the pre-COVID-19 period from 2011-2013(weighted prevalence:46.68%[95%confidence interval(CI):46.55-46.82])to 2017-2019(weighted prevalence:52.50%[95%CI:52.38-52.63]).However,a significant decline was observed in 2022,the late-COVID-19 pandemic period(weighted prevalence:55.78%[95%CI:55.56-56.01]),compared with the mid-pandemic period in 2021(weighted prevalence:59.12%[95%CI:58.91-59.32]),particularly among populations traditionally prioritized for influenza vaccination,including older adults(≥65 years)and patients with chronic diseases and low educational and income levels.Conclusion The influenza vaccination rate in South Korea was significantly affected by the COVID-19 pandemic,showing a notable decrease among vulnerable demographic groups.This suggests the need for targeted public health strategies to address vaccine hesitancy and improve vaccination rates,particularly among high-risk populations.展开更多
Background The coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)pandemic,a global health crisis,profoundly impacted all aspects of daily life.Adolescence,a pivotal stage of psychological and social development,is heavily influenced ...Background The coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)pandemic,a global health crisis,profoundly impacted all aspects of daily life.Adolescence,a pivotal stage of psychological and social development,is heavily influenced by the psychosocial and socio-cultural context.Hence,it is imperative to thoroughly understand the psychosocial changes adolescents experienced during the pandemic and implement effective management initiatives.Data sources We examined the incidence rates of depressive and anxiety disorders among adolescents aged 10–19 years globally and regionally.We utilized data from the Global Burden of Diseases,Injuries,and Risk Factors Study(GBD)2021 to compare pre-pandemic(2018–2019)and pandemic(2020–2021)periods.Our investigation covered 204 countries and territories across the six World Health Organization regions.We conducted a comprehensive literature search using databases including PubMed/MEDLINE,Scopus,and Google Scholar,employing search terms such as“psychosocial”,“adolescent”,“youth”,“risk factors”,“COVID-19 pandemic”,“prevention”,and“intervention”.Results During the pandemic,the mental health outcomes of adolescents deteriorated,particularly in terms of depressive and anxiety disorders.According to GBD 2021,the incidence rate of anxiety disorders increased from 720.26[95%uncertainty intervals(UI)=548.90–929.19]before the COVID-19 pandemic(2018–2019)to 880.87 per 100,000 people(95%UI=670.43–1132.58)during the COVID-19 pandemic(2020–2021).Similarly,the incidence rate of major depressive disorder increased from 2333.91(95%UI=1626.92–3138.55)before the COVID-19 pandemic to 3030.49 per 100,000 people(95%UI=2096.73–4077.73)during the COVID-19 pandemic.This worsening was notably pronounced in high-income countries(HICs).Rapid environmental changes,including heightened social anxiety,school closures,economic crises,and exacerbated racism,have been shown to adversely affect the mental well-being of adolescents.Conclusions The abrupt shift to remote learning and the absence of in-person social interactions heightened feelings of loneliness,anxiety,sadness,and stress among adolescents.This change magnified existing socioeconomic disparities,posing additional challenges.These complexities profoundly impact adolescents’well-being,especially vulnerable groups like those from HICs,females,and minorities.Acknowledging the underreporting bias in low-to middle-income countries highlights the importance of addressing these mental health alterations in assessments and interventions within these regions as well.Urgent interventions are crucial as the pandemic-induced mental stress may have lasting effects on adolescents’mental health.展开更多
Background There is a paucity of research on patterns of attempts at smoking cessation,success,and influencing factors in adolescents.This study aims to analyze the prevalence of ex-smokers and current smokers with ce...Background There is a paucity of research on patterns of attempts at smoking cessation,success,and influencing factors in adolescents.This study aims to analyze the prevalence of ex-smokers and current smokers with cessation attempts in adolescents worldwide and to identify the factors that affect cessation attempts along with outcomes.Methods This study utilized the Global Youth Tobacco Survey(2010–2021)to investigate tobacco use among adolescents aged 13–15 years.Smoking status was categorized into two groups:ex-smokers,who successfully stop,and current smokers with cessation attempts.Prevalence is presented as weighted rates with 95%confidence intervals(CIs).Factors influencing smoking cessation attempts and success were assessed using adjusted odds ratios(aORs)with 95%CIs.Results Totally 9.96%of adolescents worldwide were classified as ex-smokers(95%CI 9.30%–10.63%),while 7.29%were current smokers with cessation attempts(95%CI 6.51%–8.06%).The prevalence of ex-smokers was highest in settings where primary care facilities provide tobacco-dependence treatment.The highest prevalence of current smokers with cessation attempts was observed in community-based settings.Education in schools has been shown to be associated with both smoking cessation attempts[aOR,1.44(95%CI 1.36−1.53)]and success[aOR,1.16(95%CI 1.10−1.22)].Individuals who successfully stop smoking had lower secondhand smoke exposure than current smokers,while smokers with cessation attempts experienced higher exposure than smokers without such attempts.Conclusions The prevalence of ex-smokers and current smokers with cessation attempts remains low.School-based educational programs have proven effective in promoting smoking cessation attempts and reducing exposure to secondhand smoke is essential for successful stop.展开更多
Background The patterns of cancer burden in children,adolescents and young adults are distinct from those in the general adult population,underscoring the importance of developing targeted research and interventions.T...Background The patterns of cancer burden in children,adolescents and young adults are distinct from those in the general adult population,underscoring the importance of developing targeted research and interventions.Thus,we analyzed global,regional,and national cancer mortality trends via the World Health Organization(WHO)Mortality Database among children aged 0–14 years and adolescents and young adults aged 15–34 across 77 WHO Member States.Methods Age-standardized country-specific cancer mortality rates(deaths per 100,000)and years of life lost between 1990 and 2021 were estimated via a locally weighted scatterplot smooth curve.We analyzed the associations between socioeconomic indices and mortality rates for 21 types of cancer.Furthermore,we conducted a decomposition analysis to understand the factors influencing mortality rates for these 21 types of cancer.Results Between 1990 and 2021,the age-standardized cancer mortality rate decreased from 12.35%[95%confidence interval(CI)11.81%–12.88%]to 4.83%(95%CI 4.12%–5.54%)by−3.29%per year.However,progress in reducing death rates has been heterogeneous in terms of country income,cancer site,and geography.In particular,the decrease in burden was most pronounced in North America;however,cervical and testicular cancer mortality is elevated in Africa,Latin America,and the Caribbean.While the major contributors to children’s cancer mortality(leukemia,brain,and bone tumors)have remained unchanged for the past three decades,a significant decrease in respiratory tract cancer and an increase in colorectal cancer have led to a transition in the cancer profile in adolescents and young adults.Additionally,infection-related cancers are inversely correlated with socioeconomic indices;notably,colorectal cancer appears to have no correlation with these indices.We also revealed significant changes in mortality trends during the COVID-19 pandemic,which were more pronounced in children.Finally,a decomposition analysis revealed that the decrease in the number of cancer deaths worldwide between 1990 and 2021 may be attributed primarily to age-specific mortality rather than population growth or aging.Conclusions From 1990 to 2021,a significant decreasing trend in cancer mortality in the young population,especially in high-income countries,was observed.However,progress in reducing death rates has been heterogeneous by country income,cancer site,and geography,indicating disparities in control efforts across countries.Future studies are needed to address the exposures responsible for the heterogeneity of cancer burden and the changing cancer profile in this age group.展开更多
基金supported by the Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea,funded by the Ministry of Education(RS-2024-00460379).
文摘Objective Despite the global decrease in influenza infections during the coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)pandemic,seasonal influenza remains a significant health issue.South Korea,known for its robust pandemic response and high influenza vaccination rates,offers a unique context for examining changes in vaccination trends during the pandemic.Using nationally representative data,we aimed to understand the impact of the pandemic on influenza vaccination behavior over a 12-year period and to identify vulnerable groups.Methods We analyzed influenza vaccination rates in South Korea between 2011-2022,focusing on pandemic-related impacts.The data of 2,426,139 adults(≥19 years)from the Korea Community Health Survey were used to assess demographic and sociological factors influencing vaccination behaviors.Results We observed an increase in influenza vaccination rates during the pre-COVID-19 period from 2011-2013(weighted prevalence:46.68%[95%confidence interval(CI):46.55-46.82])to 2017-2019(weighted prevalence:52.50%[95%CI:52.38-52.63]).However,a significant decline was observed in 2022,the late-COVID-19 pandemic period(weighted prevalence:55.78%[95%CI:55.56-56.01]),compared with the mid-pandemic period in 2021(weighted prevalence:59.12%[95%CI:58.91-59.32]),particularly among populations traditionally prioritized for influenza vaccination,including older adults(≥65 years)and patients with chronic diseases and low educational and income levels.Conclusion The influenza vaccination rate in South Korea was significantly affected by the COVID-19 pandemic,showing a notable decrease among vulnerable demographic groups.This suggests the need for targeted public health strategies to address vaccine hesitancy and improve vaccination rates,particularly among high-risk populations.
基金supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea grant funded by the Korea government(MSIT,RS-2023-00248157)The funding agencies had no role in the design and conduct of the study+2 种基金collection,management,analysis,or interpretation of the datapreparation,review,or approval of the manuscriptor the decision to submit the manuscript for publication.
文摘Background The coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)pandemic,a global health crisis,profoundly impacted all aspects of daily life.Adolescence,a pivotal stage of psychological and social development,is heavily influenced by the psychosocial and socio-cultural context.Hence,it is imperative to thoroughly understand the psychosocial changes adolescents experienced during the pandemic and implement effective management initiatives.Data sources We examined the incidence rates of depressive and anxiety disorders among adolescents aged 10–19 years globally and regionally.We utilized data from the Global Burden of Diseases,Injuries,and Risk Factors Study(GBD)2021 to compare pre-pandemic(2018–2019)and pandemic(2020–2021)periods.Our investigation covered 204 countries and territories across the six World Health Organization regions.We conducted a comprehensive literature search using databases including PubMed/MEDLINE,Scopus,and Google Scholar,employing search terms such as“psychosocial”,“adolescent”,“youth”,“risk factors”,“COVID-19 pandemic”,“prevention”,and“intervention”.Results During the pandemic,the mental health outcomes of adolescents deteriorated,particularly in terms of depressive and anxiety disorders.According to GBD 2021,the incidence rate of anxiety disorders increased from 720.26[95%uncertainty intervals(UI)=548.90–929.19]before the COVID-19 pandemic(2018–2019)to 880.87 per 100,000 people(95%UI=670.43–1132.58)during the COVID-19 pandemic(2020–2021).Similarly,the incidence rate of major depressive disorder increased from 2333.91(95%UI=1626.92–3138.55)before the COVID-19 pandemic to 3030.49 per 100,000 people(95%UI=2096.73–4077.73)during the COVID-19 pandemic.This worsening was notably pronounced in high-income countries(HICs).Rapid environmental changes,including heightened social anxiety,school closures,economic crises,and exacerbated racism,have been shown to adversely affect the mental well-being of adolescents.Conclusions The abrupt shift to remote learning and the absence of in-person social interactions heightened feelings of loneliness,anxiety,sadness,and stress among adolescents.This change magnified existing socioeconomic disparities,posing additional challenges.These complexities profoundly impact adolescents’well-being,especially vulnerable groups like those from HICs,females,and minorities.Acknowledging the underreporting bias in low-to middle-income countries highlights the importance of addressing these mental health alterations in assessments and interventions within these regions as well.Urgent interventions are crucial as the pandemic-induced mental stress may have lasting effects on adolescents’mental health.
基金supported by grants from the Ministry of Science and ICT(MSIT),Korea,under the Information Technology Research Center(ITRC)support program(IITP-2024-RS-2024-00438239)supervised by the Institute for Information&Communications Technology Planning&Evaluation(IITP,RS-2024-00509257,Global AI Frontier Lab).
文摘Background There is a paucity of research on patterns of attempts at smoking cessation,success,and influencing factors in adolescents.This study aims to analyze the prevalence of ex-smokers and current smokers with cessation attempts in adolescents worldwide and to identify the factors that affect cessation attempts along with outcomes.Methods This study utilized the Global Youth Tobacco Survey(2010–2021)to investigate tobacco use among adolescents aged 13–15 years.Smoking status was categorized into two groups:ex-smokers,who successfully stop,and current smokers with cessation attempts.Prevalence is presented as weighted rates with 95%confidence intervals(CIs).Factors influencing smoking cessation attempts and success were assessed using adjusted odds ratios(aORs)with 95%CIs.Results Totally 9.96%of adolescents worldwide were classified as ex-smokers(95%CI 9.30%–10.63%),while 7.29%were current smokers with cessation attempts(95%CI 6.51%–8.06%).The prevalence of ex-smokers was highest in settings where primary care facilities provide tobacco-dependence treatment.The highest prevalence of current smokers with cessation attempts was observed in community-based settings.Education in schools has been shown to be associated with both smoking cessation attempts[aOR,1.44(95%CI 1.36−1.53)]and success[aOR,1.16(95%CI 1.10−1.22)].Individuals who successfully stop smoking had lower secondhand smoke exposure than current smokers,while smokers with cessation attempts experienced higher exposure than smokers without such attempts.Conclusions The prevalence of ex-smokers and current smokers with cessation attempts remains low.School-based educational programs have proven effective in promoting smoking cessation attempts and reducing exposure to secondhand smoke is essential for successful stop.
基金supported by the MSIT(Ministry of Science and ICT),South Korea,under the ITRC(Information Technology Research Center)support program(IITP-2024-RS-2024-00438239)supervised by the IITP(Institute for Information and Communications Technology Planning and Evaluation,RS-2024-00509257,Global AI Frontier Lab).
文摘Background The patterns of cancer burden in children,adolescents and young adults are distinct from those in the general adult population,underscoring the importance of developing targeted research and interventions.Thus,we analyzed global,regional,and national cancer mortality trends via the World Health Organization(WHO)Mortality Database among children aged 0–14 years and adolescents and young adults aged 15–34 across 77 WHO Member States.Methods Age-standardized country-specific cancer mortality rates(deaths per 100,000)and years of life lost between 1990 and 2021 were estimated via a locally weighted scatterplot smooth curve.We analyzed the associations between socioeconomic indices and mortality rates for 21 types of cancer.Furthermore,we conducted a decomposition analysis to understand the factors influencing mortality rates for these 21 types of cancer.Results Between 1990 and 2021,the age-standardized cancer mortality rate decreased from 12.35%[95%confidence interval(CI)11.81%–12.88%]to 4.83%(95%CI 4.12%–5.54%)by−3.29%per year.However,progress in reducing death rates has been heterogeneous in terms of country income,cancer site,and geography.In particular,the decrease in burden was most pronounced in North America;however,cervical and testicular cancer mortality is elevated in Africa,Latin America,and the Caribbean.While the major contributors to children’s cancer mortality(leukemia,brain,and bone tumors)have remained unchanged for the past three decades,a significant decrease in respiratory tract cancer and an increase in colorectal cancer have led to a transition in the cancer profile in adolescents and young adults.Additionally,infection-related cancers are inversely correlated with socioeconomic indices;notably,colorectal cancer appears to have no correlation with these indices.We also revealed significant changes in mortality trends during the COVID-19 pandemic,which were more pronounced in children.Finally,a decomposition analysis revealed that the decrease in the number of cancer deaths worldwide between 1990 and 2021 may be attributed primarily to age-specific mortality rather than population growth or aging.Conclusions From 1990 to 2021,a significant decreasing trend in cancer mortality in the young population,especially in high-income countries,was observed.However,progress in reducing death rates has been heterogeneous by country income,cancer site,and geography,indicating disparities in control efforts across countries.Future studies are needed to address the exposures responsible for the heterogeneity of cancer burden and the changing cancer profile in this age group.
