Background: In the context of the fight against HIV, a lack of skills in monitoring and evaluating the personnel in charge of activities has been identified at the national level. It was the subject of a priority axis...Background: In the context of the fight against HIV, a lack of skills in monitoring and evaluating the personnel in charge of activities has been identified at the national level. It was the subject of a priority axis of the national plan for monitoring and evaluating the fight against HIV (2006-2010) that was aimed at strengthening the capacities of actors in this area. To increase the critical mass of competent human resources in the short term, the National Institute of Public Health (NIPH) of Côte d’Ivoire organized monitoring and evaluation training sessions for healthcare professionals from 2011 to 2016. Methods: A single case study with multiple levels of analysis was carried out, combining a qualitative survey and a literature review. An evaluation was carried out six months after each training session. In addition, the results of the pre- and post-tests and of the daily and final evaluations that accompanied the various training sessions were used to provide further information. The qualitative data collected were analyzed using INVIVO 15 software. Results: Some 89 health professionals (69% men and 31% women) working at the national level (51% at the central level, including 58% in health programs) and in development partner agencies (37%) participated in this capacity building program. Most participants were senior health managers (56%), data managers (23%), and statisticians and computer scientists (10%). Almost all the trainings were financed by 16 technical and financial partners (85%), mainly the MEASURE Evaluation project (27%). Conclusion: M&E training, despite all its imperfections, has made it possible to identify M&E training needs at the national level and to increase the critical mass of national skills and to have some culture in M&E.展开更多
Few studies have been conducted on the epidemiology in pregnancy in sub-Saharan Africa. This study aimed to improve the care of pregnant women infected with hepatitis B virus (VHB) and their newborns in the urban dist...Few studies have been conducted on the epidemiology in pregnancy in sub-Saharan Africa. This study aimed to improve the care of pregnant women infected with hepatitis B virus (VHB) and their newborns in the urban district health. Method: This study was conducted from 01/09/2014 to 01/09/2015. Study involved three types of data collection: a collection of data from health facilities involved in the project;repeated cross-sectional survey among health personnel;a pros- pective study of pregnant women identified positive for HBsAg and followed at the University Hospital Yalgado Ouédraogo (CHU-YO). Knowledge assessment was made among health staff and pregnant women using a knowledge score. Construction of the score came after a factorial analysis of multiple correspondences on population health workers surveyed in the first round (N = 119) on one hand and all pregnant women (N = 266) on the other hand. This had identified among the 79/19 questions, those that discriminated best knowledge of paramedics and pregnant women. For pregnant women, this score was then dichotomized from the center and logistic regression was performed to determine the sociodemographic, medical and obstetric characteristics that influenced it (p value < 005). Results: Health staff had been surveyed twice (N = 119/100). In general, the level of knowledge was good on targeted knowledge, both before and after training. No health worker routinely offered screening for hepatitis B among pregnant women attending antenatal clinics. Altogether 266 pregnant women HBsAg-positive were referred and followed CHU-YO. Half of the patients had a score lower than 2/17. Univariate analysis showed that variables such as education level influenced significantly the level of knowledge. Women with higher levels of education had a higher level of knowledge about the disease, compared to those of primary level [OR = 1.63;[1.34 to 1.99], p value < 0,001]. Newborns during the study period numbered 128 and the vaccine was made in the first 24 hours of life for 83.6% of them. Conclusion: routine screening for infection with VHB during pregnancy and improved knowledge of mothers is strongly reco- mmended in Burkina Faso.展开更多
Introduction: This article is an analysis of post-abortion care in 56 health facilities after their capacity building by the Burkina Faso Society of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (SOGOB). Patients and Methods: In 20...Introduction: This article is an analysis of post-abortion care in 56 health facilities after their capacity building by the Burkina Faso Society of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (SOGOB). Patients and Methods: In 2012, with funds from Safe Abortion Action Fund, the SOGOB trained care providers and equipped 56 health facilities for post abortion care. Statistical data on the management of incomplete abortions after the capacity building were analyzed. The significance level was set at 0.05. Results: There were 6316 cases of abortion that have been managed in 56 health facilities. The evacuation of the uterine contents for incomplete abortion has been provided to 6167 patients. Manual vacuum aspiration (MVA) and misoprostol were used respectively in 69.4% and 26.9% of cases to evacuate uterine content. Post-treatment complications were 1.8% for MVA and 0.9% for misoprostol (p = 0.004). MVA’s complication rate in the health facilities of the 1<sup>st</sup> level of care (1.7%) was not different from the third level of care (1.2%) with p = 0.21. A modern method of contraception was provided after abortion to 65.7% of the patients. In addition to the post abortion care, 7.3% of the patients received other reproductive health services. The community was involved in the development process of post abortion care in the facilities of the first level of care. Conclusion: The support of health facilities by SOGOB has provided post abortion care to thousands of women with little complications. Given the good results, an extension to other health facilities is desirable.展开更多
This study aimed to investigate the effect of yam flour substitution (Dioscorea alata L.) and moringa powder in wheat bread on glycemic response. Glycemic index (GI) and glycemic load (GL) of pieces of bread were dete...This study aimed to investigate the effect of yam flour substitution (Dioscorea alata L.) and moringa powder in wheat bread on glycemic response. Glycemic index (GI) and glycemic load (GL) of pieces of bread were determined. A mixture plan design was used to determine the optimal formulation of bread made of yam flour, wheat flour and moringa powder. The mixture of 79.4% soft wheat flour, 20% yam flour and 0.6% moringa leaves powder has a good potential in bread preparation and was used in this study. 100% wheat bread was used as control. Postprandial blood glucose response (glycemic response) was evaluated with the glucose used as a reference food. Blood glucose responses were measured at different intervals for 2 hours. The results indicated that composite bread had low GI and GL values than wheat bread. Values are GI = 80 and GL = 61.2 for wheat bread and GI = 37.78 and GL = 29.65 for the composite bread. This study demonstrated that the inclusion of yam flour of moringa leaves powder in bread production might not pose a threat to blood glucose response compared to wheat bread. These pieces of bread could be included easily in diabetics’ and non-diabetics diet.展开更多
Primary tumors of the upper urinary tract are rarely reported in the literature. We thus report here four cases of primary tumors of the upper urinary tract that were difficult to diagnose, in three women and one man....Primary tumors of the upper urinary tract are rarely reported in the literature. We thus report here four cases of primary tumors of the upper urinary tract that were difficult to diagnose, in three women and one man. Preoperative diagnosis was established in only two cases requiring a nephro-ureterectomy. The other two cases were surprisingly diagnosed during anatomopatho- logical examination. Preoperative diagnosis was a pyonephrosis in one case and a renal failure resulting from stenosis of the pelvic ureter in the other. Despite modern methods, primary tumors of the upper urinary tract remain difficult to diagnose.展开更多
The aim of this study was to investigate the stability of Carbocysteine (CBC) contained in a reference substance (RS) and in a sample of opened RHINATHIOL<sup>®</sup> 5% syrup (RNTL 5%) under the effe...The aim of this study was to investigate the stability of Carbocysteine (CBC) contained in a reference substance (RS) and in a sample of opened RHINATHIOL<sup>®</sup> 5% syrup (RNTL 5%) under the effect of some physicochemical parameters (temperature, light, time, pH, bile salts). The developed method was linear, precise and accurate according to USP 38. The co-efficient of determination R<sup>2</sup> for linearity was 0.9993. The respective RSD of intra-day and inter-day between days (1st, 2nd and 3rd day) were respectively 0.338% and the interval from 0.05% to 0.387%. The average recovery rate ranged from 98.490% to 100.450%. The detection and quantification limits were 0.0001 mg/mL and 0.001 mg/mL respectively. The method was applied to four samples of opened syrup containing CBC and the CBC content in these samples was found to be in accordance with USP 38. The CBC content in the opened sample of RNTL 5% was obtained by UV-visible spectrophotometry at 217 nm and was 4.887 g/100mL. The study of the influence of physico-chemical factors on the content of CBC in RS and RNTL 5% showed that the evolution of CBC contents in each drug matrix remained dependent on pH and temperature. However, these levels remained stable in the presence of light.展开更多
<span style="line-height:1.5;">Natural plant products have been used by the population of the south-eastern part of C</span><span lang="EN-US" style="line-height:1.5;">&...<span style="line-height:1.5;">Natural plant products have been used by the population of the south-eastern part of C</span><span lang="EN-US" style="line-height:1.5;">ô</span><span style="line-height:1.5;">te d’Ivoire in the management of sickle cell anemia. </span><span style="line-height:1.5;">This study was aimed at investigating the antisickling activity of the hydro-ethanolic extract </span><span "="" style="line-height:1.5;"><span>of a combination of the leaves of </span><i><span>J</span></i><span>. </span><i><span>secunda</span></i><span>, </span><i><span>J</span></i><span>. </span><i><span>gossypiifolia</span></i></span><span style="line-height:1.5;"> a</span><span "="" style="line-height:1.5;"><span>nd </span><i><span>P</span></i><span>. </span><i><span>nigrescens</span></i><span>.</span></span><span style="line-height:1.5;"> These three plants species were used in the Ivorian traditional herbal medicine. Preliminary phytochemistry was carried out using standard methods. As for the sickling reversal test, the Hb SS blood sickling was induced with 2% sodium metabisulfite. After 120 minutes of incubation, the plant extract was added. Every 30 minutes for a period of 120 minutes, a drop of the prepared solution was observed at (40</span><span style="line-height:1.5;">×</span><span "="" style="line-height:1.5;"><span>) magnification and the percentage of reversion calculated. The phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of Alkaloids, Flavonoids, Polyphenols, Catechic Tannins, Sterols and Polyterpenes. The results of the reversal test showed that the percentage of sickling reversal effect of the combination of the plants (75.00 ± 4.33</span><sup><span>b,c</span></sup><span>) was highly superior than the negative control (10.17 ± 0.55</span><sup><span>d</span></sup><span>) but was significantly (p < 0.05) the same as the percentage of the individual plant (</span><i><span>J</span></i><span>. </span><i><span>secunda</span></i><span>: 83.50 ± 2.33</span><sup><span>a</span></sup><span>;</span><i><span>J</span></i><span>. </span><i><span>gossypiifolia</span></i><span>: 78.00 ± 3.67</span><sup><span>b,c</span></sup><span> and </span><i><span>P</span></i><span>. </span><i><span>nigrescens</span></i><span>: 77.83 ± 2.89</span><sup><span>b,c</span></sup><span>) and the positive control (80.66 ± 2.22</span><sup><span>a,b</span></sup><span>). From the results, the extracts </span><i><span>J. secunda</span></i><span>, </span><i><span>J</span></i><span>. </span><i><span>gossypiifolia</span></i><span> and </span><i><span>P</span></i><span>. </span><i><span>nigrescens</span></i><span> have shown to be therapeutically beneficial to the population. Their use is also justified in the management of sickle cell disease in the south-eastern part of C</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="line-height:1.5;">ô</span><span style="line-height:1.5;">te d’Ivoire.展开更多
The rise of new viruses, like SARS-CoV-2 causing the COVID-19 outbreak, along with the return of antibiotic resistance in harmful bacteria, demands a swift and efficient reaction to safeguard the health and welfare of...The rise of new viruses, like SARS-CoV-2 causing the COVID-19 outbreak, along with the return of antibiotic resistance in harmful bacteria, demands a swift and efficient reaction to safeguard the health and welfare of the global population. It is crucial to have effective measures for prevention, intervention, and monitoring in place to address these evolving and recurring risks, ensuring public health and international security. In countries with limited resources, utilizing recombinant mutation plasmid technology in conjunction with PCR-HRM could help differentiate the existence of novel variants. cDNA synthesis was carried out on 8 nasopharyngeal samples following viral RNA extraction. The P1 segment of the SARS-CoV-2 Spike S protein was amplified via conventional PCR. Subsequently, PCR products were ligated with the pGEM-T Easy vector to generate eight recombinant SARS-CoV-2 plasmids. Clones containing mutations were sequenced using Sanger sequencing and analyzed through PCR-HRM. The P1 segment of the S gene from SARS-CoV-2 was successfully amplified, resulting in 8 recombinant plasmids generated from the 231 bp fragment. PCR-HRM analysis of these recombinant plasmids differentiated three variations within the SARS-CoV-2 plasmid population, each displaying distinct melting temperatures. Sanger sequencing identified mutations A112C, G113T, A114G, G214T, and G216C on the P1 segment, validating the PCR-HRM findings of the variations. These mutations led to the detection of L452R or L452M and F486V protein mutations within the protein sequence of the Omicron variant of SARS-CoV-2. In summary, PCR-HRM is a vital and affordable tool for distinguishing SARS-CoV-2 variants utilizing recombinant plasmids as controls.展开更多
The present work aims to study the influence of some physicochemical parameters (light, temperature, ethanol, bile salts, potassium hydroxide, hydrogen peroxide) on the content of Metronidazole (MTZ) contained in the ...The present work aims to study the influence of some physicochemical parameters (light, temperature, ethanol, bile salts, potassium hydroxide, hydrogen peroxide) on the content of Metronidazole (MTZ) contained in the reference substance (SR) and in a pharmaceutical specialty Flagyl<sup>®</sup> 250 mg tablet (FLG). The method developed was linear and accurate in accordance with USP 38 and the MTZ contents were obtained by UV-visible spectrophotometry at 278 nm. These contents ranged from 225 mg to 275 mg and were thus consistent with the concentration present in the proprietary medicines (250 mg). The study of the influence of physicochemical parameters on the MTZ content in SR and FLG showed that MTZ contents are unstable in the presence of Ethanol at 96˚, KOH at 0.1N and bile salts but also when the temperature is higher than 25˚C. However, they remain stable in the presence of light and H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> and undergo degradation in an acidic environment.展开更多
Plant of Bambusa vulgaris is used in traditional medicine practice for the management of many pathologies including hypertension. The effect of the aqueous extract of the leaves of Bambusa vulgaris on blood pressure w...Plant of Bambusa vulgaris is used in traditional medicine practice for the management of many pathologies including hypertension. The effect of the aqueous extract of the leaves of Bambusa vulgaris on blood pressure was evaluated in normotensive male rabbits. Blood pressure was measured by the invasive method. Thus, aqueous extract of Bambusa vulgaris leaves had been injected intravenously at doses ranging from 1 mg/kg to 30 mg/kg in rabbits anesthetized with thiopental. The effects of this extract on blood pressure were also evaluated in rabbits having previously received different doses of atropine. The aqueous extract of Bambusa vulgaris leaves induced a dose-dependent hypotension which is not canceled in the presence of atropine. The results obtained show that the extract has blood pressure lowering effect which may be mediated by muscarinic-type cholinergic receptors.展开更多
Context: The gut microbiota represents a complex ecosystem encompassing all unicellular microorganisms residing in the digestive tract, primarily bacteria, fungi, archaea, and even viruses. The relationship between th...Context: The gut microbiota represents a complex ecosystem encompassing all unicellular microorganisms residing in the digestive tract, primarily bacteria, fungi, archaea, and even viruses. The relationship between the host and the microbiota is symbiotic: bacteria benefit from a stable environment, while the host gains numerous capabilities in terms of digestion, metabolism, nutrition, and immunity. However, numerous studies suggest that the gut microbiota plays a crucial role in various non-communicable diseases, including obesity, chronic inflammatory bowel diseases, allergic and immune disorders, behavioral disorders, and even certain cancers. The objective of our study was to characterize the gut microbiota of a group of breast cancer patients by comparing it to that of control subjects in Côte d’Ivoire, using a metagenomic approach. Method: A case-control study was conducted from May 2020 to September 2023. A total of 85 women (39 cases and 46 controls) were recruited, and stool samples were collected from both breast cancer patients and healthy women. Among these, ten (10) samples from patients and ten (10) samples from healthy women were randomly selected for the study of the gut microbiota. The gut microbiota was characterized by sequencing the V4 region of 16S rRNA using metagenomic NGS technology, and bioinformatic analysis was performed using the mothur pipeline. Results: In women with breast cancer, we observed a reduction in the relative abundance of the phyla Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes, as well as an increase in the phyla Actinobacteria and Verrucomicrobia. Additionally, their microbiota exhibited lower Chao1 and Sobs diversities compared to the control women (p < 0.05). Molecular variance analysis (AMOVA) revealed a significant difference between the case and control groups (p < 0.001). This study has highlighted a significant difference in the relative abundance of major phyla within the gut microbiota of cases compared to healthy controls. It will contribute to enriching African and global data, thus promoting a better understanding of the role of gut microbiota in breast cancer.展开更多
Purpose: This study was conducted in order to evaluate the antidiabetic effects of the aqueous extract of Lippia multiflora supplemented with magnesium on some biochemical markers of the kidneys and liver in type 2 di...Purpose: This study was conducted in order to evaluate the antidiabetic effects of the aqueous extract of Lippia multiflora supplemented with magnesium on some biochemical markers of the kidneys and liver in type 2 diabetic rats. Method: 7 groups of 4 STZ-diabetic rats received separately orally Glucophage<sup>®</sup> (Glu 10 mg/kg), the plant extract (LiMAE 200 - 600 mg/kg) and the plant extract supplemented with magnesium (LiMAE-Mg 200 - 600 mg/kg). After a daily treatment of 21 days, serum biochemical parameters were assayed in 16 hr-fasted rats. Results: Diabetes caused a significant (p Conclusion: The addition of magnesium to the extract of Lippia multiflora caused a greater reduction in the levels of urea, creatinine, ALT and AST increased in STZ-diabetic rats. Magnesium would therefore enhance the nephroprotective and hepatoprotective effects of Lippia multiflora in diabetic rats.展开更多
Sickle cell disease (SCD) is a genetic blood disorder that affects the shape and transportation of red blood cells (RBCs) in blood vessels, leading to various clinical complications. Sickle cell disease is a widesprea...Sickle cell disease (SCD) is a genetic blood disorder that affects the shape and transportation of red blood cells (RBCs) in blood vessels, leading to various clinical complications. Sickle cell disease is a widespread genetic disease in Black Africa. The objective of this study was to evaluate the sickling inhibition activity of Griffonia simplicifolia. Quantitative and qualitative tests were used to determine the major groups of secondary metabolites present in the Griffonia simplicifolia leaves extracts and the modified Emmel test was used to perform the study of sickling inhibition activity. The OECD 423 toxicity study showed that at a single dose of 2000 mg/kg bw, Griffonia simplicifolia leaves extracts are not toxic. All tested substances inhibit erythrocyte falciformation in a dose-dependent manner. The percentages of inhibition were 50.35%, 73% and 94.23% for aqueous extract, hydromethanolic extract and phenylalanine respectively at the concentration of 15 mg/mL. The methanolic extract (70%) had higher activity compared to the aqueous extract. These results suggest that the Griffonia simplicifolia extracts have some potential to be used as alternative antisickling therapy in SCD management.展开更多
<strong>Introduction: </strong>Jaw osteitis is an inflammatory disease of bone tissue causing aseptic necrosis of bone. This study aims to clarify the etiologies of osteitis of the jawbones and to describe...<strong>Introduction: </strong>Jaw osteitis is an inflammatory disease of bone tissue causing aseptic necrosis of bone. This study aims to clarify the etiologies of osteitis of the jawbones and to describe the clinical and radiographic aspects of extensive forms. <strong>Cases Presentation:</strong> Our study concerns the clinical and radiographic examination of 4 cases of voluminous bone sequesters. The causes of osteitis are mainly infectious and due to late consultations of our populations. The development of these maxillary osteitis leads to the formation of large bone sequesters. <strong>Conclusion: </strong>The evolution towards voluminous sequesters is a combination of dental infection, poor oral hygiene, late consultation and traditional treatment.展开更多
Background: Some national and international strategies for the detection and prevention of emerging infectious diseases have been established across sectors. The capacity to carry out these tasks varies from country t...Background: Some national and international strategies for the detection and prevention of emerging infectious diseases have been established across sectors. The capacity to carry out these tasks varies from country to country, and that remains largely undervalued. The Pasteur Institute of C?te d’Ivoire has created and implemented the capacity of national reference centers to fight against emerging and other infectious diseases. Objective: Show on the one hand the strategies used to develop the National Reference Centers and the IPCI and on the other hand the results obtained by performing these strategies. Method: Datas collection by documentary analysis (published scientific articles and grey literature) was done on Google Scholar, PUBMED and institutional reference documents. The documentary research was carried out to have a better understanding of strategies used to create and develop the NRCs in microbiology of communicable diseases. Results: Seven integrated strategies were launched: 1-training and workforce development;2-investigation of epidemics or public health events;3-strengthening laboratory epidemiological research;4-strengthening surveillance systems;5-improving communication with partners and stakeholders;6-building national and international collaborations;and 7-strengthening technical and technological platforms. In two decades, the number of researchers has risen from 10 in 2004 to ninety (90) in 2021, with 12 senior researchers and 32 junior researchers. A number of health service staff had attended a qualifying training course, 27 investigations into outbreaks and other public health events had been carried out, 18 short-term research projects had been launched, major surveillance programs and epidemiological research efforts on vector-borne, food-borne and nosocomial infections had begun, and several scientific manuscripts had been published or were edited in the writting press. Conclusion: The Ivorian experience shows that, with concerted effort, considerable progress can be made in the development and implementation of an infectious disease control program.展开更多
Background: Head and neck cellulitis of dental origin are polymicrobial bacterial infections involving the cellulo-adipose spaces of the face and neck. The objective of this work was to describe the epidemiological an...Background: Head and neck cellulitis of dental origin are polymicrobial bacterial infections involving the cellulo-adipose spaces of the face and neck. The objective of this work was to describe the epidemiological and clinical profile of patients with head and neck cellulitis. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study conducted from 1 January to 30 June 2020. All patients consulting for cervico-facial cellulitis of dental origin in 2 university hospitals in Ouagadougou were included in the study. The usual parameters of descriptive statistics were estimated for each variable. Results: Two hundred and ninety-two cases (184 men and 108 women), aged 3 to 85 years were collected. The 25 - 35 years old were the most affected (33%). Decay was the leading dental cause (95.6%). The delay in consultation was included within 7 days in 74.66% of cases. Ninety-one-point forty-four percent of patients had poor oral hygiene. Diffuse cellulitis was the most common (64.04%) and peri-mandibular regions were the most invaded (42.81%). Conclusion: The frequencies observed in our study allow us to conclude that cervicofacial cellulitis of dental origin is still frequent and affects a young and disadvantaged population.展开更多
<strong>Background: </strong>Cervicofacial cellulitis is a severe infection and is responsible for a major disruption of host homeostasis. The aim of this work was to describe the haematological and bioche...<strong>Background: </strong>Cervicofacial cellulitis is a severe infection and is responsible for a major disruption of host homeostasis. The aim of this work was to describe the haematological and biochemical variations of cervico-facial cellulitis. <strong>Methods: </strong>This was a cross-sectional study conducted from 1 January to 31 December 2020. All patients hospitalized for cervico-facial cellulitis of dental origin were included in the study. The usual parameters of descriptive statistics were estimated for each variable. <strong>Results:</strong> Our sample consisted of 166 patients. The average age of patients with cervicofacial cellulitis in our study was 39.9 ± 15.39 years. Red blood cell count was low in 55.5% of patients and hyperleukocytosis was noted in 89.16% of patients. Platelets were normal in 43.14% of patients and 78.43% of patients had a low haematocrit (haemodilution). Anemia was noted in 64.7% of patients. In addition, 61.0% of patients had elevated uricemia and 31.17% had elevated creatinemia. <strong>Conclusion:</strong> Cellulitis is still a common condition in less privileged environments. Its diagnosis can be guided by clinical and biological findings. Consistent education of the population on oral health, and the control of biological disorders that result from it, are sufficient to greatly reduce its prevalence and the appearance of complicated forms.展开更多
Context: In pregnant women with sickle cell disease, the management with exchange transfusion could be useful in improving the prognosis of mother and child by reducing the level of hemoglobin S less than 40%. Objecti...Context: In pregnant women with sickle cell disease, the management with exchange transfusion could be useful in improving the prognosis of mother and child by reducing the level of hemoglobin S less than 40%. Objective: To analyze the maternal and perinatal outcome during the program of the exchange transfusion in pregnant women with sickle cell disease. Patients and Methods: We conducted a prospective study over a period of 18 months. Pregnant women with a major form of sickle cell disease were included. A manual blood exchange transfusion was performed monthly. We monitored the occurrence of maternal and perinatal morbidity during the follow-up. Results: A total of 42 pregnant women with sickle cell disease were monitored. The frequency of infectious episodes and vaso-occlusive crisis was significantly reduced, respectively from 47.6% and 83.3% before the beginning of the blood exchanges transfusion to 11.9% and 16.7% during blood exchanges transfusion program. All newborns were alive at birth with an Apgar score higher or equal to 7 at the 5<sup>th</sup> minute. The rate of admission of the newborns at neonatal intensive care unit was 9.3%. Maternal mortality was estimated at 7.1% and there was no early neonatal mortality. Conclusion: Prophylactic exchange transfusion reduces infections and the reoccurrence of vaso-occlusive crisis, which has an impact on perinatal prognosis.展开更多
Context: The use of hormonal contraceptives could lead to a rise in blood pressure with an onset of hypertension. The objective of the study was to describe the epidemiological, clinical and therapeutic patterns of hy...Context: The use of hormonal contraceptives could lead to a rise in blood pressure with an onset of hypertension. The objective of the study was to describe the epidemiological, clinical and therapeutic patterns of hypertension occurring in women on hormonal contraception. Patients and Methods: A retrospective study was carried out over a period of 5 years. It involved clients on hormonal contraception who developed hypertension during follow-up at the Family Planning Unit of the Yalgado Ouedraogo Teaching Hospital in Burkina Faso. Results: The global frequency of hypertension in clients on hormonal contraception was 1.8%;it varied depending on the type of methods of contraception used;it was 4.2% for clients on oral combined pills, 1% for implant users and 0.97% for women on injectable. The mean age of patients was 35.6 ± 8.4 years. Sixty-seven patients (84.8%) had mild to moderate hypertension. The mean time to onset of hypertension was respectively seventeen (17), thirty six (36) and thirty eight (38) months for patients on OCPs, CIP, and implants. After the discovery of hypertension, the contraception methods have been changed in 75.9% of cases, stopped in 5.2% of cases and the same contraception method was continued in 8.9% of cases. None of the patients who continued the same contraceptive method had obtained a normalization of blood pressure. Blood pressure was normalized in 48.6% of patients who have changed contraceptive methods. The average time of normalization of the blood pressure varied from three to five months, depending on the method that induces the hypertension. Conclusion: Hypertension on hormonal contraception is not uncommon. It is important to assess the risk factors for its occurrence at the initiation of contraception.展开更多
Juices made from the calyx of Hibiscus sabdariffa (Malvaceae), commonly called Bissap, and the rhizome of Zingiber officinale (Zingiberaceae), known as Gnamankoudji, are widely consumed in Côte d'Ivoire....Juices made from the calyx of Hibiscus sabdariffa (Malvaceae), commonly called Bissap, and the rhizome of Zingiber officinale (Zingiberaceae), known as Gnamankoudji, are widely consumed in Côte d'Ivoire. The artisanal preparation of these juices often makes their quality problematic. The aim of this study is to determine some physicochemical and microbiological properties of these drinks sold in the city of Abidjan. To do this, samples of Bissap and Gnamankoudji juices were collected near schools in the Mamie Adjoua (Yopougon) and Abobodoumé (Attécoubé) districts. Physico-chemical and microbiological analyses were performed on these collected samples. The results show that the Bissap and Gnamankoudji juices have an acid pH (2.47 and 3.71), a low protein content (0.78% and 2.11%) and a high water content (80.13% and 85.21%), respectively. The reducing sugar content ranged from 1.20% to 3.34%, with high total sugar (695 mg/mL and 812 mg/mL), low ash (0.70 ± 0.07;0.91 ± 0.01). On the other hand, these juices contain variable concentrations of minerals from one site to another (magnesium, calcium, phosphorus, potassium and iron). Potassium is the most abundant mineral element, followed by phosphorus and magnesium. Moreover, it is observed that the Gnamankoudji juices contain vitamin C (4.67 to 5.58 mg/100mL), contrary to the Bissap juice. The microbiological analysis indicates the presence of aerobic mesophilic germs (AMG) but a total absence of pathogenic germs in all juices. The important presence of nutrients and the total absence of pathogenic germs in these drinks justify their regular consumption by the population.展开更多
文摘Background: In the context of the fight against HIV, a lack of skills in monitoring and evaluating the personnel in charge of activities has been identified at the national level. It was the subject of a priority axis of the national plan for monitoring and evaluating the fight against HIV (2006-2010) that was aimed at strengthening the capacities of actors in this area. To increase the critical mass of competent human resources in the short term, the National Institute of Public Health (NIPH) of Côte d’Ivoire organized monitoring and evaluation training sessions for healthcare professionals from 2011 to 2016. Methods: A single case study with multiple levels of analysis was carried out, combining a qualitative survey and a literature review. An evaluation was carried out six months after each training session. In addition, the results of the pre- and post-tests and of the daily and final evaluations that accompanied the various training sessions were used to provide further information. The qualitative data collected were analyzed using INVIVO 15 software. Results: Some 89 health professionals (69% men and 31% women) working at the national level (51% at the central level, including 58% in health programs) and in development partner agencies (37%) participated in this capacity building program. Most participants were senior health managers (56%), data managers (23%), and statisticians and computer scientists (10%). Almost all the trainings were financed by 16 technical and financial partners (85%), mainly the MEASURE Evaluation project (27%). Conclusion: M&E training, despite all its imperfections, has made it possible to identify M&E training needs at the national level and to increase the critical mass of national skills and to have some culture in M&E.
文摘Few studies have been conducted on the epidemiology in pregnancy in sub-Saharan Africa. This study aimed to improve the care of pregnant women infected with hepatitis B virus (VHB) and their newborns in the urban district health. Method: This study was conducted from 01/09/2014 to 01/09/2015. Study involved three types of data collection: a collection of data from health facilities involved in the project;repeated cross-sectional survey among health personnel;a pros- pective study of pregnant women identified positive for HBsAg and followed at the University Hospital Yalgado Ouédraogo (CHU-YO). Knowledge assessment was made among health staff and pregnant women using a knowledge score. Construction of the score came after a factorial analysis of multiple correspondences on population health workers surveyed in the first round (N = 119) on one hand and all pregnant women (N = 266) on the other hand. This had identified among the 79/19 questions, those that discriminated best knowledge of paramedics and pregnant women. For pregnant women, this score was then dichotomized from the center and logistic regression was performed to determine the sociodemographic, medical and obstetric characteristics that influenced it (p value < 005). Results: Health staff had been surveyed twice (N = 119/100). In general, the level of knowledge was good on targeted knowledge, both before and after training. No health worker routinely offered screening for hepatitis B among pregnant women attending antenatal clinics. Altogether 266 pregnant women HBsAg-positive were referred and followed CHU-YO. Half of the patients had a score lower than 2/17. Univariate analysis showed that variables such as education level influenced significantly the level of knowledge. Women with higher levels of education had a higher level of knowledge about the disease, compared to those of primary level [OR = 1.63;[1.34 to 1.99], p value < 0,001]. Newborns during the study period numbered 128 and the vaccine was made in the first 24 hours of life for 83.6% of them. Conclusion: routine screening for infection with VHB during pregnancy and improved knowledge of mothers is strongly reco- mmended in Burkina Faso.
文摘Introduction: This article is an analysis of post-abortion care in 56 health facilities after their capacity building by the Burkina Faso Society of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (SOGOB). Patients and Methods: In 2012, with funds from Safe Abortion Action Fund, the SOGOB trained care providers and equipped 56 health facilities for post abortion care. Statistical data on the management of incomplete abortions after the capacity building were analyzed. The significance level was set at 0.05. Results: There were 6316 cases of abortion that have been managed in 56 health facilities. The evacuation of the uterine contents for incomplete abortion has been provided to 6167 patients. Manual vacuum aspiration (MVA) and misoprostol were used respectively in 69.4% and 26.9% of cases to evacuate uterine content. Post-treatment complications were 1.8% for MVA and 0.9% for misoprostol (p = 0.004). MVA’s complication rate in the health facilities of the 1<sup>st</sup> level of care (1.7%) was not different from the third level of care (1.2%) with p = 0.21. A modern method of contraception was provided after abortion to 65.7% of the patients. In addition to the post abortion care, 7.3% of the patients received other reproductive health services. The community was involved in the development process of post abortion care in the facilities of the first level of care. Conclusion: The support of health facilities by SOGOB has provided post abortion care to thousands of women with little complications. Given the good results, an extension to other health facilities is desirable.
文摘This study aimed to investigate the effect of yam flour substitution (Dioscorea alata L.) and moringa powder in wheat bread on glycemic response. Glycemic index (GI) and glycemic load (GL) of pieces of bread were determined. A mixture plan design was used to determine the optimal formulation of bread made of yam flour, wheat flour and moringa powder. The mixture of 79.4% soft wheat flour, 20% yam flour and 0.6% moringa leaves powder has a good potential in bread preparation and was used in this study. 100% wheat bread was used as control. Postprandial blood glucose response (glycemic response) was evaluated with the glucose used as a reference food. Blood glucose responses were measured at different intervals for 2 hours. The results indicated that composite bread had low GI and GL values than wheat bread. Values are GI = 80 and GL = 61.2 for wheat bread and GI = 37.78 and GL = 29.65 for the composite bread. This study demonstrated that the inclusion of yam flour of moringa leaves powder in bread production might not pose a threat to blood glucose response compared to wheat bread. These pieces of bread could be included easily in diabetics’ and non-diabetics diet.
文摘Primary tumors of the upper urinary tract are rarely reported in the literature. We thus report here four cases of primary tumors of the upper urinary tract that were difficult to diagnose, in three women and one man. Preoperative diagnosis was established in only two cases requiring a nephro-ureterectomy. The other two cases were surprisingly diagnosed during anatomopatho- logical examination. Preoperative diagnosis was a pyonephrosis in one case and a renal failure resulting from stenosis of the pelvic ureter in the other. Despite modern methods, primary tumors of the upper urinary tract remain difficult to diagnose.
文摘The aim of this study was to investigate the stability of Carbocysteine (CBC) contained in a reference substance (RS) and in a sample of opened RHINATHIOL<sup>®</sup> 5% syrup (RNTL 5%) under the effect of some physicochemical parameters (temperature, light, time, pH, bile salts). The developed method was linear, precise and accurate according to USP 38. The co-efficient of determination R<sup>2</sup> for linearity was 0.9993. The respective RSD of intra-day and inter-day between days (1st, 2nd and 3rd day) were respectively 0.338% and the interval from 0.05% to 0.387%. The average recovery rate ranged from 98.490% to 100.450%. The detection and quantification limits were 0.0001 mg/mL and 0.001 mg/mL respectively. The method was applied to four samples of opened syrup containing CBC and the CBC content in these samples was found to be in accordance with USP 38. The CBC content in the opened sample of RNTL 5% was obtained by UV-visible spectrophotometry at 217 nm and was 4.887 g/100mL. The study of the influence of physico-chemical factors on the content of CBC in RS and RNTL 5% showed that the evolution of CBC contents in each drug matrix remained dependent on pH and temperature. However, these levels remained stable in the presence of light.
文摘<span style="line-height:1.5;">Natural plant products have been used by the population of the south-eastern part of C</span><span lang="EN-US" style="line-height:1.5;">ô</span><span style="line-height:1.5;">te d’Ivoire in the management of sickle cell anemia. </span><span style="line-height:1.5;">This study was aimed at investigating the antisickling activity of the hydro-ethanolic extract </span><span "="" style="line-height:1.5;"><span>of a combination of the leaves of </span><i><span>J</span></i><span>. </span><i><span>secunda</span></i><span>, </span><i><span>J</span></i><span>. </span><i><span>gossypiifolia</span></i></span><span style="line-height:1.5;"> a</span><span "="" style="line-height:1.5;"><span>nd </span><i><span>P</span></i><span>. </span><i><span>nigrescens</span></i><span>.</span></span><span style="line-height:1.5;"> These three plants species were used in the Ivorian traditional herbal medicine. Preliminary phytochemistry was carried out using standard methods. As for the sickling reversal test, the Hb SS blood sickling was induced with 2% sodium metabisulfite. After 120 minutes of incubation, the plant extract was added. Every 30 minutes for a period of 120 minutes, a drop of the prepared solution was observed at (40</span><span style="line-height:1.5;">×</span><span "="" style="line-height:1.5;"><span>) magnification and the percentage of reversion calculated. The phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of Alkaloids, Flavonoids, Polyphenols, Catechic Tannins, Sterols and Polyterpenes. The results of the reversal test showed that the percentage of sickling reversal effect of the combination of the plants (75.00 ± 4.33</span><sup><span>b,c</span></sup><span>) was highly superior than the negative control (10.17 ± 0.55</span><sup><span>d</span></sup><span>) but was significantly (p < 0.05) the same as the percentage of the individual plant (</span><i><span>J</span></i><span>. </span><i><span>secunda</span></i><span>: 83.50 ± 2.33</span><sup><span>a</span></sup><span>;</span><i><span>J</span></i><span>. </span><i><span>gossypiifolia</span></i><span>: 78.00 ± 3.67</span><sup><span>b,c</span></sup><span> and </span><i><span>P</span></i><span>. </span><i><span>nigrescens</span></i><span>: 77.83 ± 2.89</span><sup><span>b,c</span></sup><span>) and the positive control (80.66 ± 2.22</span><sup><span>a,b</span></sup><span>). From the results, the extracts </span><i><span>J. secunda</span></i><span>, </span><i><span>J</span></i><span>. </span><i><span>gossypiifolia</span></i><span> and </span><i><span>P</span></i><span>. </span><i><span>nigrescens</span></i><span> have shown to be therapeutically beneficial to the population. Their use is also justified in the management of sickle cell disease in the south-eastern part of C</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="line-height:1.5;">ô</span><span style="line-height:1.5;">te d’Ivoire.
文摘The rise of new viruses, like SARS-CoV-2 causing the COVID-19 outbreak, along with the return of antibiotic resistance in harmful bacteria, demands a swift and efficient reaction to safeguard the health and welfare of the global population. It is crucial to have effective measures for prevention, intervention, and monitoring in place to address these evolving and recurring risks, ensuring public health and international security. In countries with limited resources, utilizing recombinant mutation plasmid technology in conjunction with PCR-HRM could help differentiate the existence of novel variants. cDNA synthesis was carried out on 8 nasopharyngeal samples following viral RNA extraction. The P1 segment of the SARS-CoV-2 Spike S protein was amplified via conventional PCR. Subsequently, PCR products were ligated with the pGEM-T Easy vector to generate eight recombinant SARS-CoV-2 plasmids. Clones containing mutations were sequenced using Sanger sequencing and analyzed through PCR-HRM. The P1 segment of the S gene from SARS-CoV-2 was successfully amplified, resulting in 8 recombinant plasmids generated from the 231 bp fragment. PCR-HRM analysis of these recombinant plasmids differentiated three variations within the SARS-CoV-2 plasmid population, each displaying distinct melting temperatures. Sanger sequencing identified mutations A112C, G113T, A114G, G214T, and G216C on the P1 segment, validating the PCR-HRM findings of the variations. These mutations led to the detection of L452R or L452M and F486V protein mutations within the protein sequence of the Omicron variant of SARS-CoV-2. In summary, PCR-HRM is a vital and affordable tool for distinguishing SARS-CoV-2 variants utilizing recombinant plasmids as controls.
文摘The present work aims to study the influence of some physicochemical parameters (light, temperature, ethanol, bile salts, potassium hydroxide, hydrogen peroxide) on the content of Metronidazole (MTZ) contained in the reference substance (SR) and in a pharmaceutical specialty Flagyl<sup>®</sup> 250 mg tablet (FLG). The method developed was linear and accurate in accordance with USP 38 and the MTZ contents were obtained by UV-visible spectrophotometry at 278 nm. These contents ranged from 225 mg to 275 mg and were thus consistent with the concentration present in the proprietary medicines (250 mg). The study of the influence of physicochemical parameters on the MTZ content in SR and FLG showed that MTZ contents are unstable in the presence of Ethanol at 96˚, KOH at 0.1N and bile salts but also when the temperature is higher than 25˚C. However, they remain stable in the presence of light and H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> and undergo degradation in an acidic environment.
文摘Plant of Bambusa vulgaris is used in traditional medicine practice for the management of many pathologies including hypertension. The effect of the aqueous extract of the leaves of Bambusa vulgaris on blood pressure was evaluated in normotensive male rabbits. Blood pressure was measured by the invasive method. Thus, aqueous extract of Bambusa vulgaris leaves had been injected intravenously at doses ranging from 1 mg/kg to 30 mg/kg in rabbits anesthetized with thiopental. The effects of this extract on blood pressure were also evaluated in rabbits having previously received different doses of atropine. The aqueous extract of Bambusa vulgaris leaves induced a dose-dependent hypotension which is not canceled in the presence of atropine. The results obtained show that the extract has blood pressure lowering effect which may be mediated by muscarinic-type cholinergic receptors.
文摘Context: The gut microbiota represents a complex ecosystem encompassing all unicellular microorganisms residing in the digestive tract, primarily bacteria, fungi, archaea, and even viruses. The relationship between the host and the microbiota is symbiotic: bacteria benefit from a stable environment, while the host gains numerous capabilities in terms of digestion, metabolism, nutrition, and immunity. However, numerous studies suggest that the gut microbiota plays a crucial role in various non-communicable diseases, including obesity, chronic inflammatory bowel diseases, allergic and immune disorders, behavioral disorders, and even certain cancers. The objective of our study was to characterize the gut microbiota of a group of breast cancer patients by comparing it to that of control subjects in Côte d’Ivoire, using a metagenomic approach. Method: A case-control study was conducted from May 2020 to September 2023. A total of 85 women (39 cases and 46 controls) were recruited, and stool samples were collected from both breast cancer patients and healthy women. Among these, ten (10) samples from patients and ten (10) samples from healthy women were randomly selected for the study of the gut microbiota. The gut microbiota was characterized by sequencing the V4 region of 16S rRNA using metagenomic NGS technology, and bioinformatic analysis was performed using the mothur pipeline. Results: In women with breast cancer, we observed a reduction in the relative abundance of the phyla Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes, as well as an increase in the phyla Actinobacteria and Verrucomicrobia. Additionally, their microbiota exhibited lower Chao1 and Sobs diversities compared to the control women (p < 0.05). Molecular variance analysis (AMOVA) revealed a significant difference between the case and control groups (p < 0.001). This study has highlighted a significant difference in the relative abundance of major phyla within the gut microbiota of cases compared to healthy controls. It will contribute to enriching African and global data, thus promoting a better understanding of the role of gut microbiota in breast cancer.
文摘Purpose: This study was conducted in order to evaluate the antidiabetic effects of the aqueous extract of Lippia multiflora supplemented with magnesium on some biochemical markers of the kidneys and liver in type 2 diabetic rats. Method: 7 groups of 4 STZ-diabetic rats received separately orally Glucophage<sup>®</sup> (Glu 10 mg/kg), the plant extract (LiMAE 200 - 600 mg/kg) and the plant extract supplemented with magnesium (LiMAE-Mg 200 - 600 mg/kg). After a daily treatment of 21 days, serum biochemical parameters were assayed in 16 hr-fasted rats. Results: Diabetes caused a significant (p Conclusion: The addition of magnesium to the extract of Lippia multiflora caused a greater reduction in the levels of urea, creatinine, ALT and AST increased in STZ-diabetic rats. Magnesium would therefore enhance the nephroprotective and hepatoprotective effects of Lippia multiflora in diabetic rats.
文摘Sickle cell disease (SCD) is a genetic blood disorder that affects the shape and transportation of red blood cells (RBCs) in blood vessels, leading to various clinical complications. Sickle cell disease is a widespread genetic disease in Black Africa. The objective of this study was to evaluate the sickling inhibition activity of Griffonia simplicifolia. Quantitative and qualitative tests were used to determine the major groups of secondary metabolites present in the Griffonia simplicifolia leaves extracts and the modified Emmel test was used to perform the study of sickling inhibition activity. The OECD 423 toxicity study showed that at a single dose of 2000 mg/kg bw, Griffonia simplicifolia leaves extracts are not toxic. All tested substances inhibit erythrocyte falciformation in a dose-dependent manner. The percentages of inhibition were 50.35%, 73% and 94.23% for aqueous extract, hydromethanolic extract and phenylalanine respectively at the concentration of 15 mg/mL. The methanolic extract (70%) had higher activity compared to the aqueous extract. These results suggest that the Griffonia simplicifolia extracts have some potential to be used as alternative antisickling therapy in SCD management.
文摘<strong>Introduction: </strong>Jaw osteitis is an inflammatory disease of bone tissue causing aseptic necrosis of bone. This study aims to clarify the etiologies of osteitis of the jawbones and to describe the clinical and radiographic aspects of extensive forms. <strong>Cases Presentation:</strong> Our study concerns the clinical and radiographic examination of 4 cases of voluminous bone sequesters. The causes of osteitis are mainly infectious and due to late consultations of our populations. The development of these maxillary osteitis leads to the formation of large bone sequesters. <strong>Conclusion: </strong>The evolution towards voluminous sequesters is a combination of dental infection, poor oral hygiene, late consultation and traditional treatment.
文摘Background: Some national and international strategies for the detection and prevention of emerging infectious diseases have been established across sectors. The capacity to carry out these tasks varies from country to country, and that remains largely undervalued. The Pasteur Institute of C?te d’Ivoire has created and implemented the capacity of national reference centers to fight against emerging and other infectious diseases. Objective: Show on the one hand the strategies used to develop the National Reference Centers and the IPCI and on the other hand the results obtained by performing these strategies. Method: Datas collection by documentary analysis (published scientific articles and grey literature) was done on Google Scholar, PUBMED and institutional reference documents. The documentary research was carried out to have a better understanding of strategies used to create and develop the NRCs in microbiology of communicable diseases. Results: Seven integrated strategies were launched: 1-training and workforce development;2-investigation of epidemics or public health events;3-strengthening laboratory epidemiological research;4-strengthening surveillance systems;5-improving communication with partners and stakeholders;6-building national and international collaborations;and 7-strengthening technical and technological platforms. In two decades, the number of researchers has risen from 10 in 2004 to ninety (90) in 2021, with 12 senior researchers and 32 junior researchers. A number of health service staff had attended a qualifying training course, 27 investigations into outbreaks and other public health events had been carried out, 18 short-term research projects had been launched, major surveillance programs and epidemiological research efforts on vector-borne, food-borne and nosocomial infections had begun, and several scientific manuscripts had been published or were edited in the writting press. Conclusion: The Ivorian experience shows that, with concerted effort, considerable progress can be made in the development and implementation of an infectious disease control program.
文摘Background: Head and neck cellulitis of dental origin are polymicrobial bacterial infections involving the cellulo-adipose spaces of the face and neck. The objective of this work was to describe the epidemiological and clinical profile of patients with head and neck cellulitis. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study conducted from 1 January to 30 June 2020. All patients consulting for cervico-facial cellulitis of dental origin in 2 university hospitals in Ouagadougou were included in the study. The usual parameters of descriptive statistics were estimated for each variable. Results: Two hundred and ninety-two cases (184 men and 108 women), aged 3 to 85 years were collected. The 25 - 35 years old were the most affected (33%). Decay was the leading dental cause (95.6%). The delay in consultation was included within 7 days in 74.66% of cases. Ninety-one-point forty-four percent of patients had poor oral hygiene. Diffuse cellulitis was the most common (64.04%) and peri-mandibular regions were the most invaded (42.81%). Conclusion: The frequencies observed in our study allow us to conclude that cervicofacial cellulitis of dental origin is still frequent and affects a young and disadvantaged population.
文摘<strong>Background: </strong>Cervicofacial cellulitis is a severe infection and is responsible for a major disruption of host homeostasis. The aim of this work was to describe the haematological and biochemical variations of cervico-facial cellulitis. <strong>Methods: </strong>This was a cross-sectional study conducted from 1 January to 31 December 2020. All patients hospitalized for cervico-facial cellulitis of dental origin were included in the study. The usual parameters of descriptive statistics were estimated for each variable. <strong>Results:</strong> Our sample consisted of 166 patients. The average age of patients with cervicofacial cellulitis in our study was 39.9 ± 15.39 years. Red blood cell count was low in 55.5% of patients and hyperleukocytosis was noted in 89.16% of patients. Platelets were normal in 43.14% of patients and 78.43% of patients had a low haematocrit (haemodilution). Anemia was noted in 64.7% of patients. In addition, 61.0% of patients had elevated uricemia and 31.17% had elevated creatinemia. <strong>Conclusion:</strong> Cellulitis is still a common condition in less privileged environments. Its diagnosis can be guided by clinical and biological findings. Consistent education of the population on oral health, and the control of biological disorders that result from it, are sufficient to greatly reduce its prevalence and the appearance of complicated forms.
文摘Context: In pregnant women with sickle cell disease, the management with exchange transfusion could be useful in improving the prognosis of mother and child by reducing the level of hemoglobin S less than 40%. Objective: To analyze the maternal and perinatal outcome during the program of the exchange transfusion in pregnant women with sickle cell disease. Patients and Methods: We conducted a prospective study over a period of 18 months. Pregnant women with a major form of sickle cell disease were included. A manual blood exchange transfusion was performed monthly. We monitored the occurrence of maternal and perinatal morbidity during the follow-up. Results: A total of 42 pregnant women with sickle cell disease were monitored. The frequency of infectious episodes and vaso-occlusive crisis was significantly reduced, respectively from 47.6% and 83.3% before the beginning of the blood exchanges transfusion to 11.9% and 16.7% during blood exchanges transfusion program. All newborns were alive at birth with an Apgar score higher or equal to 7 at the 5<sup>th</sup> minute. The rate of admission of the newborns at neonatal intensive care unit was 9.3%. Maternal mortality was estimated at 7.1% and there was no early neonatal mortality. Conclusion: Prophylactic exchange transfusion reduces infections and the reoccurrence of vaso-occlusive crisis, which has an impact on perinatal prognosis.
文摘Context: The use of hormonal contraceptives could lead to a rise in blood pressure with an onset of hypertension. The objective of the study was to describe the epidemiological, clinical and therapeutic patterns of hypertension occurring in women on hormonal contraception. Patients and Methods: A retrospective study was carried out over a period of 5 years. It involved clients on hormonal contraception who developed hypertension during follow-up at the Family Planning Unit of the Yalgado Ouedraogo Teaching Hospital in Burkina Faso. Results: The global frequency of hypertension in clients on hormonal contraception was 1.8%;it varied depending on the type of methods of contraception used;it was 4.2% for clients on oral combined pills, 1% for implant users and 0.97% for women on injectable. The mean age of patients was 35.6 ± 8.4 years. Sixty-seven patients (84.8%) had mild to moderate hypertension. The mean time to onset of hypertension was respectively seventeen (17), thirty six (36) and thirty eight (38) months for patients on OCPs, CIP, and implants. After the discovery of hypertension, the contraception methods have been changed in 75.9% of cases, stopped in 5.2% of cases and the same contraception method was continued in 8.9% of cases. None of the patients who continued the same contraceptive method had obtained a normalization of blood pressure. Blood pressure was normalized in 48.6% of patients who have changed contraceptive methods. The average time of normalization of the blood pressure varied from three to five months, depending on the method that induces the hypertension. Conclusion: Hypertension on hormonal contraception is not uncommon. It is important to assess the risk factors for its occurrence at the initiation of contraception.
文摘Juices made from the calyx of Hibiscus sabdariffa (Malvaceae), commonly called Bissap, and the rhizome of Zingiber officinale (Zingiberaceae), known as Gnamankoudji, are widely consumed in Côte d'Ivoire. The artisanal preparation of these juices often makes their quality problematic. The aim of this study is to determine some physicochemical and microbiological properties of these drinks sold in the city of Abidjan. To do this, samples of Bissap and Gnamankoudji juices were collected near schools in the Mamie Adjoua (Yopougon) and Abobodoumé (Attécoubé) districts. Physico-chemical and microbiological analyses were performed on these collected samples. The results show that the Bissap and Gnamankoudji juices have an acid pH (2.47 and 3.71), a low protein content (0.78% and 2.11%) and a high water content (80.13% and 85.21%), respectively. The reducing sugar content ranged from 1.20% to 3.34%, with high total sugar (695 mg/mL and 812 mg/mL), low ash (0.70 ± 0.07;0.91 ± 0.01). On the other hand, these juices contain variable concentrations of minerals from one site to another (magnesium, calcium, phosphorus, potassium and iron). Potassium is the most abundant mineral element, followed by phosphorus and magnesium. Moreover, it is observed that the Gnamankoudji juices contain vitamin C (4.67 to 5.58 mg/100mL), contrary to the Bissap juice. The microbiological analysis indicates the presence of aerobic mesophilic germs (AMG) but a total absence of pathogenic germs in all juices. The important presence of nutrients and the total absence of pathogenic germs in these drinks justify their regular consumption by the population.
