BACKGROUND People living with human immunodeficiency virus(HIV)are aging as a result the benefits of combination antiretroviral therapy.AIM To provide descriptions of eligible existing studies on demographics,methodol...BACKGROUND People living with human immunodeficiency virus(HIV)are aging as a result the benefits of combination antiretroviral therapy.AIM To provide descriptions of eligible existing studies on demographics,methodologies,and outcome measures related to health-related quality of life(HRQoL)in the context of HIV and aging.METHODS The MEDLINE,CINAHL,Scopus,and PsycINFO databases were systematically searched using the terms HIV,age,and HRQoL to find studies published between January 1995 and June 2022.Key variables of the eligible studies were identified and categorized into demographics(e.g.,study sites,study year),methodologies(e.g.,use of conceptual frameworks,measures used),and outcome measures[e.g.,HRQoL,quality of life(QoL)].The PRISMA 2009 checklist was followed.RESULTS A total of 68 published studies involving 53504 participants were included.The majority of the studies(55.88%)were conducted in North America,with relatively few studies conducted in Africa.The median age of participants was 51.0 years(IQR=11.0).Over one-third(32.56%)of all participants were older people living with HIV aged 50 years and older Four studies included only older female participants,and six studies included only men who have sex with men.Outcome mea-sures were assessed as HRQoL(26.47%)or QoL(36.76%).Overall,data from African studies,older women living with HIV,socioeconomic status(e.g.,employment,income,education),sexual behavioral risks,theoretical frameworks used,and follow-up studies were limited.CONCLUSION This narrative review highlights imbalances and gaps in research on HRQoL in the context of HIV and aging,providing direction for future studies in this area.展开更多
Objectives:We systematically reviewed the rational use of medicines using the World Health Organization/International Network of Rational Use of Drugs(WHO/INRUD)core drug use indicators.We also assessed the impact of ...Objectives:We systematically reviewed the rational use of medicines using the World Health Organization/International Network of Rational Use of Drugs(WHO/INRUD)core drug use indicators.We also assessed the impact of the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic and the National Drug Policy(NDP)2005 on the rational use of medicines.Methods:Searches were conducted in PubMed,Scopus,and Google Scholar databases to identify studies that met our eligibility criteria.Assessment of the quality of studies was conducted using the Joanna Briggs Institute criteria for analytical studies.We reported and compared the median values of WHO/INRUD core drug use indicators with standard thresholds.Data were presented with median,interquartile range(IQR),and percentages.MannWhitney and Kruskal-Wallis tests were conducted to assess for statistical significance(P<0.05)across variables.Results:Thirty-one studies were included in the review,comprising 50,931 patient encounters across 268 health facilities.Within prescribing indicators,average number of medicines per patient encountered[3.4(IQR:3.0to 4.0)],percentage of medicines prescribed by generic[50.4%(IQR:47.4%to 65.0%)],percentage of encounters with antibiotic prescribed[40.2%(IQR:30.5%to 52.7%)],percentage of encounters with injection prescribed[18%(IQR:3.2%to 30.0%)]and the percentage of medicines prescribed from essential medicines list[82.0%(IQR:66.4%to 89.3%)].The median percentage of encounters with antibiotics(P=0.04)and the median percentage of medicines prescribed by generics(P=0.03)increased during and after the COVID-19 pandemic.Prescribing indicators were worse in primary and secondary health facilities,with significant differences in the median percentage of encounters with antibiotics(P=0.007)and injections(P=0.0002)across primary,secondary,and tertiary health facilities.There were improvements across all prescribing indicators after the implementation of NDP 2005.Conclusions:Core drug use indicators in Nigerian health facilities deviated from the WHO/INRUD thresholds,with noticeable improvement after the implementation of NDP 2005.More efforts are needed to improve rational drug use in Nigerian hospitals.展开更多
In 2009,Professor Steven Blair predicted that physical inactivity would be the greatest public health issue of the 21st century.~1 A public health problem is one that affects the health,function,and well-being of a la...In 2009,Professor Steven Blair predicted that physical inactivity would be the greatest public health issue of the 21st century.~1 A public health problem is one that affects the health,function,and well-being of a large number of people.展开更多
1.Introduction Before coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) became a global health emergency in early 2020,there was substantial evidence of physical activity’s (PA’s) multiple benefits with direct relevance to reduci...1.Introduction Before coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) became a global health emergency in early 2020,there was substantial evidence of physical activity’s (PA’s) multiple benefits with direct relevance to reducing the harms of the pandemic:improved immune functioning and reduced inflammation to lessen severity of infections,enhanced efficacy of vaccines.展开更多
Aim: The primary aim of the project was to conduct focus groups with pregnant women to examine their perceptions on patient and health care provider (HCP) communication during prenatal visits pertaining to health beha...Aim: The primary aim of the project was to conduct focus groups with pregnant women to examine their perceptions on patient and health care provider (HCP) communication during prenatal visits pertaining to health behavioral change. In particular, to determine what types of communication facilitate or prevent patient engagement and adherence to certain health behaviors related to smoking cessation, engagement in physical activity, healthy eating and healthy weight gain, and stress management. Methods: Participants were recruited from the obstetric and midwifery clinics at the University of Colorado Hospital. Twenty-four pregnant, English-speaking women between the ages of 18 and 46 years old, the majority of which had full health insurance coverage, participated in one of three focus groups that were conducted. The transcripts were coded for themes and patterns. Results identified numerous current practices of HCPs, facilitators and barriers in care, and patient recommendations related to effective patient-provider communication. Results: Overall many women received basic information about most health behaviors (i.e. healthy eating, physical activity, and smoking cessation) with the exception of stress management from their HCPs via their introductory information packet. However, typically there was no follow-up beyond receipt of the packet. As a result, women sought information online from numerous sources. Unfortunately, this information often conflicted with HCP provided information, as did the information provided from multiple HCPs in group care settings. A major facilitator of behavioral change pertained to building trust and rapport as it directly enhanced the perceived quality of patient-provider communication on prenatal health behaviors. Across all behaviors, women voiced the need for available resources that were credible and referenced by their HCPs. Conclusions: These findings provide a better understanding of what facilitates and prevents women from engaging in healthy behaviors during their pregnancy, in addition to improving patient and provider communication.展开更多
Physical activity(PA)is fundamentally linked to public health,^(1)providing benefits including chronic disease prevention and treatment,^(2)mental health,^(3)musculoskeletal health,^(4)and healthy aging,^(5)along with...Physical activity(PA)is fundamentally linked to public health,^(1)providing benefits including chronic disease prevention and treatment,^(2)mental health,^(3)musculoskeletal health,^(4)and healthy aging,^(5)along with socioeconomic advantages.^(6)These benefits highlight the importance of promoting PA for all populations.The recent publication of the Compendium of Physical Activities(Compendium)serves as a valuable resource,^(7)offering an updated and expanded guide for adults(ages 19-59)with tailored energy cost values for diverse populations.展开更多
Purpose:This study aims to examine the level of behavioral health integration in primary care clinics among patients with hypertension and type 2 diabetes in Chiang Mai,Thailand.It also aims to explore the provider pe...Purpose:This study aims to examine the level of behavioral health integration in primary care clinics among patients with hypertension and type 2 diabetes in Chiang Mai,Thailand.It also aims to explore the provider perceived prevalence of behavioral problems and need for an expert behavioral health consultant on the primary care team and the risk and protective factors of the patients’psychological and cardio-metabolic health outcomes.Methodology:Using survey data between 2017 and 2018 regarding the level of integration as measured by a Practice Integration Profile,provider ratings of prevalence and need based on a Provider Survey,and patient lifestyle and behavioral problems with a Health Risk Assessment in six primary health care settings in Chiang Mai,Thailand(n=335).We conducted ordinary least squares regressions to explore the relationship between each of the patient psychological and cardio-metabolic health outcomes and physical,mental health and substance abuse variables while controlling for the demographics.Results:The results showed overall high levels of integration,but significant variability across clinics.Providers rated prevalence of health risk and need for a Behavioral Health Consultant as moderate.Results of the patient health risk assessment were variable,with some problems high severity,others low.Conclusion:The results reflect a need for integrated behavioral health into the health care system in Thailand especially for those who are in the chronic illness condition.Recommendations for future study include an evaluation of the translation quality and validity and reliability of the study measures under the Thai context.This study fills the research gap of lacking research on the level of integrated care in clinics in Thailand.展开更多
AIM To systematically review the literature on epidemiology,disease burden, and treatment outcomes for Crohn's disease(CD) patients with complex perianal fistulas.METHODS PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane were searched...AIM To systematically review the literature on epidemiology,disease burden, and treatment outcomes for Crohn's disease(CD) patients with complex perianal fistulas.METHODS PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane were searched for relevant articles(published 2000-November 2016) and congress abstracts(published 2011-November 2016).RESULTS Of 535 records reviewed, 62 relevant sources were identified(mostly small observational studies). The cumulative incidence of complex perianal fistulas in CD from two referral-centre studies was 12%-14%(follow-up time, 12 years in one study; not reported in the second study). Complex perianal fistulas result in greatly diminished quality of life; up to 59% of patients are at risk of faecal incontinence. Treatments include combinations of medical and surgical interventions and expanded allogeneic adipose-derived stem cells. High proportions of patients experience lack of or inadequate response to treatment(failure and relapse rates,respectively: medical, 12%-73% and 0%-41%; surgical:0%-100% and 11%.20%; combined medical/surgical:0%-80% and 0%-50%; stem cells: 29%-47% and not reported). Few studies(1 of infliximab; 3 of surgical interventions)have been conducted in treatment-refractory patients, a population with high unmet needs. Limited data exist on the clinical value of anti-tumour necrosis factor-α dose escalation in patients with complex perianal fistulas in CD.CONCLUSION Complex perianal fistulas in CD pose substantial clinical and humanistic burden. There is a need for effective treatments, especially for patients refractory to antitumour necrosis factor-α agents, as evidenced by high failure and relapse rates.展开更多
AIM:To study whether the severity of liver fibrosis estimated by the nonalcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD) fibrosis score can predict all-cause mortality,cardiac complications,and/or liver complications of patients ...AIM:To study whether the severity of liver fibrosis estimated by the nonalcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD) fibrosis score can predict all-cause mortality,cardiac complications,and/or liver complications of patients with NAFLD over long-term follow-up.METHODS:A cohort of well-characterized patients with NAFLD diagnosed during the period of 1980-2000 was identified through the Rochester Epidemiology Project.The NAFLD fibrosis score(NFS) was used to separate NAFLD patients with and without advanced liver fibrosis.We used the NFS score to classify the probability of fibrosis as <-1.5 for low probability,>-1.5 to < 0.67 for intermediate probability,and > 0.67 for high probability.Primary endpoints included allcause death and cardiovascular-and/or liver-related mortality.From the 479 patients with NAFLD assessed,302 patients(63%) greater than 18 years old were included.All patients were followed,and medical charts were reviewed until August 31,2009 or the date when the first primary endpoint occurred.By using a standardized case record form,we recorded a detailed history and physical examination and the use of statins and metformin during the follow-up period.RESULTS:A total of 302/479(63%) NAFLD patients(mean age:47 ± 13 year) were included with a followup period of 12.0 ± 3.9 year.A low probability of advanced fibrosis(NFS <-1.5 at baseline) was found in 181 patients(60%),while an intermediate or high probability of advanced fibrosis(NSF >-1.5) was found in 121 patients(40%).At the end of the follow-up period,55 patients(18%) developed primary endpoints.A total of 39 patients(13%) died during the follow-up.The leading causes of death were non-hepatic malignancy(n = 13/39;33.3%),coronary heart disease(CHD)(n = 8/39;20.5%),and liver-related mortality(n = 5/39;12.8%).Thirty patients had new-onset CHD,whereas 8 of 30 patients(27%) died from CHD-related causes during the follow-up.In a multivariate analysis,a higher NFS at baseline and the presence of new-onset CHD were significantly predictive of death(OR = 2.6 and 9.2,respectively;P < 0.0001).Our study showed a significant,graded relationship between the NFS,as classified into 3 subgroups(low,intermediate and high probability of liver fibrosis),and the occurrence of primary endpoints.The use of metformin or simvastatin for at least 3 mo during the follow-up was associated with fewer deaths in patients with NAFLD(OR = 0.2 and 0.03,respectively;P < 0.05).Additionally,the rate of annual NFS change in patients with an intermediate or high probability of advanced liver fibrosis was significantly lower than those patients with a low probability of advanced liver fibrosis(0.06 vs 0.09,P = 0.004).The annual NFS change in patients who died was significantly higher than those in patients who survived(0.14 vs 0.07,P = 0.03).At the end of the follow-up,we classified the patients into 3 subgroups according to the progression pattern of liver fibrosis by comparing the NFS at baseline to the NFS at the end of the followup period.Most patients were in the stable-fibrosis(60%) and progressive-fibrosis(37%) groups,whereas only 3% were in the regressive fibrosis.CONCLUSION:A higher NAFLD fibrosis score at baseline and a new onset of CHD were significantly predictive of death in patients with NAFLD.展开更多
BACKGROUND Gastric cancer is the world’s third most lethal malignancy. Most gastric cancers develop through precancerous states of atrophic gastritis and intestinal metaplasia. Two staging systems, operative link for...BACKGROUND Gastric cancer is the world’s third most lethal malignancy. Most gastric cancers develop through precancerous states of atrophic gastritis and intestinal metaplasia. Two staging systems, operative link for gastritis assessment(OLGA)and operative link on gastric intestinal metaplasia assessment(OLGIM), have been developed to detect high gastric cancer risk. European guidelines recommend surveillance for high-risk OLGA/OLGIM patients(stages Ⅲ–Ⅳ),and for those with advanced stage of atrophic gastritis in the whole stomach mucosa. We hypothesize, that by combining atrophy and intestinal metaplasia into one staging named TAIM, more patients with increased gastric cancer risk could be detected.AIM To evaluate the clinical value of the OLGA, OLGIM, and novel TAIM stagings as prognostic indicators for gastric cancer.METHODS In the Helsinki Gastritis Study, 22346 elderly male smokers from southwestern Finland were screened for serum pepsinogen I(PGI). Between the years 1989 and1993, men with low PGI values(PGI < 25 μg/L), were invited to undergo an oesophagogastroduodenoscopy. In this retrospective cohort study, 1147 men that underwent gastroscopy were followed for gastric cancer for a median of 13.7 years, and a maximum of 27.3 years. We developed a new staging system, TAIM,by combining the topography with the severity of atrophy or intestinal metaplasia in gastric biopsies. In TAIM staging, the gastric cancer risk is classified as low or high.RESULTS Twenty-eight gastric cancers were diagnosed during the follow-up, and the incidence rate was 1.72 per 1000 patient-years. The cancer risk associated positively with TAIM [Hazard ratio(HR) 2.70, 95%CI: 1.09–6.69, P = 0.03]. The risk increased through OLGIM stages 0-Ⅳ(0 vs Ⅳ: HR 5.72, 95%CI: 1.03–31.77, P for trend = 0.004), but not through OLGA stages 0–Ⅳ(0 vs Ⅳ: HR 5.77, 95%CI:0.67–49.77, P for trend = 0.10). The sensitivities of OLGA and OLGIM stages Ⅲ–Ⅳ were low, 21% and 32%, respectively, whereas that of TAIM high-risk was good, 79%. On the contrary, OLGA and OLGIM had high specificity, 85% and81%, respectively, but TAIM showed low specificity, 42%. In all three staging systems, the high-risk men had three-to four-times higher gastric cancer risk compared to the general male population of the same age.CONCLUSION OLGIM and TAIM stagings show prognostic value in assessing gastric cancer risk in elderly male smokers with atrophic gastritis.展开更多
TagedPIn February and March 2022,China will host the Beijing 2022 Olympic and Paralympic Winter Games.The vision for this landmark event promises a“joyful rendezvous upon pure ice and snow uniting the passion of hund...TagedPIn February and March 2022,China will host the Beijing 2022 Olympic and Paralympic Winter Games.The vision for this landmark event promises a“joyful rendezvous upon pure ice and snow uniting the passion of hundreds of millions for winter sports”.1 Themes have been developed to create a positive environmental impact with new development for the northern region of the country and to promote winter sports and improve the health and well-being of the Chinese people.The key messages for the winter games include inspiring youth with the Olympic spirit and encouraging millions to embrace winter sports.Notably,the Chinese government aims to mobilize at least 300 million of its citizens to engage in winter sports as an outcome of hosting the Winter Olympic Games.展开更多
AIM To assess the effects of probiotic Medilac-S^(®)as adjunctive therapy for the induction of remission of ulcerative colitis(UC)in a Chinese population through a systematic review and meta-analysis.METHODS A sy...AIM To assess the effects of probiotic Medilac-S^(®)as adjunctive therapy for the induction of remission of ulcerative colitis(UC)in a Chinese population through a systematic review and meta-analysis.METHODS A systematic literature search was conducted to find randomized,controlled trials in a Chinese population with at least two study arms-a control arm which receives a conventional,oral aminosalicylate drug,and a treatment arm,which administers the same conventional drug in conjunction with the probiotic Medilac-S^(®)per os.Both English and Chinese databases were searched,including Pub Med,EMBASE,Google Scholar,Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure,Wanfang Data,and VIP Search,and study data was extracted onto standardized abstraction sheets.Meta-analyses were conducted for primary and secondary outcomes of interest using a fixed or random effects model.The primary outcome was the induction of clinical remission and the secondary outcomes included changes in Sutherland index,endoscopic and histological scores,proportion of reported clinical symptoms and adverse events(AEs).For outcomes with sufficient data,the type of conventional drug therapy was also assessed to determine if the effects of combination therapy with Medilac-S^(®)was influenced by drug type.All tests were conducted using a typeⅠerror rate of 0.05 and all confidence intervals(CI)were based on a 95%confidence level.Review protocol was uploaded to PROSPERO(CRD42018085658 upon completion).RESULTS Fifty-three clinical trials with a total of 3984 participants were identified and included in the review.Medilac-S^(®)adjunctive therapy significantly improved induction of clinical remission(RR=1.21;95%CI:1.18-1.24;P<0.0001)with the estimated likelihood of effective treatment,on average,21%higher for those consuming the probiotic.Sutherland index scores showed the control mean was on average 3.10(CI:2.41-3.78;P=0.0428)units greater than the treatment mean,thereby demonstrating significant improvement in participants taking the probiotic.Similarly,a significant difference was seen between the overall reduction of endoscopic and histological scores of control and treatment arm participants,with score decreases in the control groups 0.71(CI:0.3537-1.0742)and 1.1(CI:0.9189-1.2300)units smaller than treatment group score decreases.The proportion of participants reporting clinical symptoms,(abdominal pain,tenesmus,blood and mucous in stool,and diarrhea)was significantly reduced after combination therapy with Medilac-S~(P<0.0001)and estimated to be on average 44%(RR=0.44,CI:0.32-0.59),53%(RR=0.53,CI:0.38-74),40%(RR=0.40,CI:0.28-0.58)and 47%(RR=0.47 CI:0.36-0.42)respectively,of the proportion of individuals reporting the aforementioned symptoms after conventional therapy alone.The risk of AEs was also significantly reduced with adjunctive Medilac-S~therapy.The proportion of individuals in the treatment groups reporting AEs was an estimated 72%of the proportion of individuals in the control groups reporting AEs(RR=0.72,CI:0.55-0.94,P=0.0175).Upon comparing effect means for different drug types in conjunction with Medilac-S^(®),evidence of significant variability(P<0.0001)was observed,and sulfasalazine was found to be the most effective drug in both primary and secondary outcomes.CONCLUSION Evidence suggests Medilac-S~adjunctive therapy should be considered standard care for UC in a Chinese population because it aids in the induction of clinical remission,improves symptoms of the gastrointestinal tract and reduces risk of AEs.展开更多
The conceptual physical education(CPE)innovation began in the mid-20th century as an alternative approach to college-level,activity-only basic instruction classes.In addition to physical activity sessions,CPE courses(...The conceptual physical education(CPE)innovation began in the mid-20th century as an alternative approach to college-level,activity-only basic instruction classes.In addition to physical activity sessions,CPE courses(classes)use text material and classroom sessions to teach kinesiology concepts and principles of health-related fitness and health-enhancing physical activity.CPE courses are now offered in nearly all college programs as either required or electives classes.Two decades later,the high school CPE innovation began,and Kindergarten-8 programs followed.In this commentary,I argue that historian Roberta Park was correct in her assessment that physical education has the potential to be the renaissance field of the 21st century.Scientific contributions of researchers in kinesiology will lead the way,but science-based CPE and companion fitness education programs that align with physical education content standards and fitness education benchmarks will play a significant role.CPE courses have been shown to be effective in promoting knowledge,attitudes,and out-of-school physical activity and have the potential to elevate physical education as we chart the course of our future.展开更多
Patients with a diagnosis of polycystic ovary syndrome （PCOS） are on the rise. About 4%-12% of women are currently estimated to have this condition. It is hypothesized that PCOS appears in women who have long-standi...Patients with a diagnosis of polycystic ovary syndrome （PCOS） are on the rise. About 4%-12% of women are currently estimated to have this condition. It is hypothesized that PCOS appears in women who have long-standing insulin resistance （1R）, which leads to high androgen and testosterone levels; this ultimately disrupts their menstrual cycles. Some researchers attribute IR to genetic factors, although there have been only minute changes in the human genome in the past 20 000 years. However, even with a stable gene pool, genes can be turned on and offby the environment, food and air quality and toxin exposure.展开更多
Background:The Compendium of Physical Activities was published in 1993 to improve the comparability of energy expenditure values assigned to self-reported physical activity(PA)across studies.The original version was u...Background:The Compendium of Physical Activities was published in 1993 to improve the comparability of energy expenditure values assigned to self-reported physical activity(PA)across studies.The original version was updated in 2000,and again in 2011,and has been widely used to support PA research,practice,and public health guidelines.Methods:This 2024 update was tailored for adults 19-59 years of age by removing data from those≥60 years.Using a systematic review and supplementary searches,we identified new activities and their associated measured metabolic equivalent(MET)values(using indirect calorimetry)published since 2011.We replaced estimated METs with measured values when possible.Results:We screened 32,173 abstracts and 1507 full-text papers and extracted 2356 PA energy expenditure values from 701 papers.We added303 new PAs and adjusted 176 existing MET values and descriptions to reflect the addition of new data and removal of METs for older adults.We added a Major Heading(Video Games).The 2024 Adult Compendium includes 1114 PAs(912 with measured and 202 with estimated values)across 22 Major Headings.Conclusion:This comprehensive update and refinement led to the creation of The 2024 Adult Compendium,which has utility across research,public health,education,and healthcare domains,as well as in the development of consumer health technologies.The new website with the complete lists of PAs and supporting resources is available at https://pacompendium.com.展开更多
Purpose:This paper presents an update of the 2011 Wheelchair Compendium of Physical Activities designed for wheelchair users and is referred to as the 2024 Wheelchair Compendium.The Wheelchair Compendium aims to curat...Purpose:This paper presents an update of the 2011 Wheelchair Compendium of Physical Activities designed for wheelchair users and is referred to as the 2024 Wheelchair Compendium.The Wheelchair Compendium aims to curate existing knowledge of the energy expenditure for wheelchair physical activities(PAs).Methods:A systematic review of the published energy expenditure of PA for wheelchair users was completed between 2011 and May 2023.We added these data to the 2011 Wheelchair Compendium data that was compiled previously in a systematic review through 2011.Results:A total of 47 studies were included,and 124 different wheelchair PA reported energy expenditure values ranging from 0.8 metabolic equivalents for wheelchair users(filing papers,light effort)to 11.8 metabolic equivalents for wheelchair users(Nordic sit skiing).Conclusion:In introducing the updated 2024 Wheelchair Compendium,we hope to bridge the resource gap and challenge the prevailing narratives that inadvertently exclude wheelchair users from physical fitness and health PAs.展开更多
Increasing need for materials with special features have brought various new inventions,one of the most promising hope for new material with special features and functionalities is composites materials.Thus,this study...Increasing need for materials with special features have brought various new inventions,one of the most promising hope for new material with special features and functionalities is composites materials.Thus,this study report an integration of zinc nanoparticles into kenaf/polyester polymer composite to introduce new behavior to the composite.The composite behaviors were compared for mechanical,thermal,moisture absorption and biodegradability properties.Prepared Zinc Oxide nanoparticles entrenched in the kenaf/polyestaer composites net structure through chemical bonds between kenaf/ZnO/polyester resin,existence of ZnO significantly influence the mechanical and thermals properties of composites.Thermal analysis based on(TGA)response revealed the integration of ZnO nanoparticles improved the thermal stability when thermal decomposition temperature beyond 3650 C.The thermal cracking decreased with present of ZnO and increase with kenaf content(layers).The modulus,Tensile strength,break at elongation,flexural modulus,flexural strength and impact strength of the composites with higher content kenaf/ZnO nanoparticle are 560 MPa,58MPa,1.8%,1300 PMa,68 MPa and 31 MPa,respectively.Thus,addition of kenaf layers and ZnO results in larger mechanical properties enhancement,the results of the contact angle show improvement in wetting of the fibres with addition of ZnO nanoparticles.展开更多
Purpose:To describe the development of a Compendium for estimating the energy costs of activities in adults>60 years(OA Compendium).Methods:Physical activities(PAs)and their metabolic equivalent of task(MET)values ...Purpose:To describe the development of a Compendium for estimating the energy costs of activities in adults>60 years(OA Compendium).Methods:Physical activities(PAs)and their metabolic equivalent of task(MET)values were obtained from a systematic search of studies published in 4 sport and exercise databases(PubMed,Embase,SPORTDiscus(EBSCOhost),and Scopus)and a review of articles included in the 2011 Adult Compendium that measured PA in older adults.MET values were computed as the oxygen cost(VO_(2),mL/kg/min)during PA divided by 2.7 m L/kg/min(MET_(60+))to account for the lower resting metabolic rate in older adults.Results:We identified 68 articles and extracted energy expenditure data on 427 PAs.From these,we derived 99 unique Specific Activity codes with corresponding MET_(60+)values for older adults.We developed a website to present the OA Compendium MET_(60+)values:https://pacompendium.com.Conclusion:The OA Compendium uses data collected from adults>60 years for more accurate estimation of the energy cost of PAs in older adults.It is an accessible resource that will allow researchers,educators,and practitioners to find MET_(60+)values for older adults for use in PA research and practice.展开更多
The Compendium of Physical Activities(Compendium)was developed to address consistent assignment of physical activity(PA)intensity values used in PA epidemiology research of the association between PA and health outcom...The Compendium of Physical Activities(Compendium)was developed to address consistent assignment of physical activity(PA)intensity values used in PA epidemiology research of the association between PA and health outcomes.1The known protective effects of PA on incident health outcomes traces to the mid-1900s,with over 50 studies examining coronary heart disease(CHD)as the outcome of interest.展开更多
AIM To determine factors correlated with postoperative radial shortening in patients with distal radius fractures treated with volar locking distal radius plates.METHODS A total of 250 patients with a distal radius fr...AIM To determine factors correlated with postoperative radial shortening in patients with distal radius fractures treated with volar locking distal radius plates.METHODS A total of 250 patients with a distal radius fracture stabilised with volar locking plates between January 2010 and December 2014 were included in a multicentre retrospective cohort study.We measured the distance of the distal locking screws to the joint line immediately postoperatively and then measured radial shortening after six to eight weeks using the change in ulnar variance.RESULTS Multivariate linear regression analysis showed that there was a significant linear association between the distance of the screws from the joint line and radial shortening.No other patient,injury,or treatment-related characteristic significantly influenced radial shortening in multivariate analysis.CONCLUSION Distal locking screws should be placed as close as possible to the subchondral joint line to prevent postoperative loss of reduction.展开更多
文摘BACKGROUND People living with human immunodeficiency virus(HIV)are aging as a result the benefits of combination antiretroviral therapy.AIM To provide descriptions of eligible existing studies on demographics,methodologies,and outcome measures related to health-related quality of life(HRQoL)in the context of HIV and aging.METHODS The MEDLINE,CINAHL,Scopus,and PsycINFO databases were systematically searched using the terms HIV,age,and HRQoL to find studies published between January 1995 and June 2022.Key variables of the eligible studies were identified and categorized into demographics(e.g.,study sites,study year),methodologies(e.g.,use of conceptual frameworks,measures used),and outcome measures[e.g.,HRQoL,quality of life(QoL)].The PRISMA 2009 checklist was followed.RESULTS A total of 68 published studies involving 53504 participants were included.The majority of the studies(55.88%)were conducted in North America,with relatively few studies conducted in Africa.The median age of participants was 51.0 years(IQR=11.0).Over one-third(32.56%)of all participants were older people living with HIV aged 50 years and older Four studies included only older female participants,and six studies included only men who have sex with men.Outcome mea-sures were assessed as HRQoL(26.47%)or QoL(36.76%).Overall,data from African studies,older women living with HIV,socioeconomic status(e.g.,employment,income,education),sexual behavioral risks,theoretical frameworks used,and follow-up studies were limited.CONCLUSION This narrative review highlights imbalances and gaps in research on HRQoL in the context of HIV and aging,providing direction for future studies in this area.
文摘Objectives:We systematically reviewed the rational use of medicines using the World Health Organization/International Network of Rational Use of Drugs(WHO/INRUD)core drug use indicators.We also assessed the impact of the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic and the National Drug Policy(NDP)2005 on the rational use of medicines.Methods:Searches were conducted in PubMed,Scopus,and Google Scholar databases to identify studies that met our eligibility criteria.Assessment of the quality of studies was conducted using the Joanna Briggs Institute criteria for analytical studies.We reported and compared the median values of WHO/INRUD core drug use indicators with standard thresholds.Data were presented with median,interquartile range(IQR),and percentages.MannWhitney and Kruskal-Wallis tests were conducted to assess for statistical significance(P<0.05)across variables.Results:Thirty-one studies were included in the review,comprising 50,931 patient encounters across 268 health facilities.Within prescribing indicators,average number of medicines per patient encountered[3.4(IQR:3.0to 4.0)],percentage of medicines prescribed by generic[50.4%(IQR:47.4%to 65.0%)],percentage of encounters with antibiotic prescribed[40.2%(IQR:30.5%to 52.7%)],percentage of encounters with injection prescribed[18%(IQR:3.2%to 30.0%)]and the percentage of medicines prescribed from essential medicines list[82.0%(IQR:66.4%to 89.3%)].The median percentage of encounters with antibiotics(P=0.04)and the median percentage of medicines prescribed by generics(P=0.03)increased during and after the COVID-19 pandemic.Prescribing indicators were worse in primary and secondary health facilities,with significant differences in the median percentage of encounters with antibiotics(P=0.007)and injections(P=0.0002)across primary,secondary,and tertiary health facilities.There were improvements across all prescribing indicators after the implementation of NDP 2005.Conclusions:Core drug use indicators in Nigerian health facilities deviated from the WHO/INRUD thresholds,with noticeable improvement after the implementation of NDP 2005.More efforts are needed to improve rational drug use in Nigerian hospitals.
文摘In 2009,Professor Steven Blair predicted that physical inactivity would be the greatest public health issue of the 21st century.~1 A public health problem is one that affects the health,function,and well-being of a large number of people.
文摘1.Introduction Before coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) became a global health emergency in early 2020,there was substantial evidence of physical activity’s (PA’s) multiple benefits with direct relevance to reducing the harms of the pandemic:improved immune functioning and reduced inflammation to lessen severity of infections,enhanced efficacy of vaccines.
文摘Aim: The primary aim of the project was to conduct focus groups with pregnant women to examine their perceptions on patient and health care provider (HCP) communication during prenatal visits pertaining to health behavioral change. In particular, to determine what types of communication facilitate or prevent patient engagement and adherence to certain health behaviors related to smoking cessation, engagement in physical activity, healthy eating and healthy weight gain, and stress management. Methods: Participants were recruited from the obstetric and midwifery clinics at the University of Colorado Hospital. Twenty-four pregnant, English-speaking women between the ages of 18 and 46 years old, the majority of which had full health insurance coverage, participated in one of three focus groups that were conducted. The transcripts were coded for themes and patterns. Results identified numerous current practices of HCPs, facilitators and barriers in care, and patient recommendations related to effective patient-provider communication. Results: Overall many women received basic information about most health behaviors (i.e. healthy eating, physical activity, and smoking cessation) with the exception of stress management from their HCPs via their introductory information packet. However, typically there was no follow-up beyond receipt of the packet. As a result, women sought information online from numerous sources. Unfortunately, this information often conflicted with HCP provided information, as did the information provided from multiple HCPs in group care settings. A major facilitator of behavioral change pertained to building trust and rapport as it directly enhanced the perceived quality of patient-provider communication on prenatal health behaviors. Across all behaviors, women voiced the need for available resources that were credible and referenced by their HCPs. Conclusions: These findings provide a better understanding of what facilitates and prevents women from engaging in healthy behaviors during their pregnancy, in addition to improving patient and provider communication.
文摘Physical activity(PA)is fundamentally linked to public health,^(1)providing benefits including chronic disease prevention and treatment,^(2)mental health,^(3)musculoskeletal health,^(4)and healthy aging,^(5)along with socioeconomic advantages.^(6)These benefits highlight the importance of promoting PA for all populations.The recent publication of the Compendium of Physical Activities(Compendium)serves as a valuable resource,^(7)offering an updated and expanded guide for adults(ages 19-59)with tailored energy cost values for diverse populations.
基金supported by USAID Global Development Research(GDR)Scholar grant.
文摘Purpose:This study aims to examine the level of behavioral health integration in primary care clinics among patients with hypertension and type 2 diabetes in Chiang Mai,Thailand.It also aims to explore the provider perceived prevalence of behavioral problems and need for an expert behavioral health consultant on the primary care team and the risk and protective factors of the patients’psychological and cardio-metabolic health outcomes.Methodology:Using survey data between 2017 and 2018 regarding the level of integration as measured by a Practice Integration Profile,provider ratings of prevalence and need based on a Provider Survey,and patient lifestyle and behavioral problems with a Health Risk Assessment in six primary health care settings in Chiang Mai,Thailand(n=335).We conducted ordinary least squares regressions to explore the relationship between each of the patient psychological and cardio-metabolic health outcomes and physical,mental health and substance abuse variables while controlling for the demographics.Results:The results showed overall high levels of integration,but significant variability across clinics.Providers rated prevalence of health risk and need for a Behavioral Health Consultant as moderate.Results of the patient health risk assessment were variable,with some problems high severity,others low.Conclusion:The results reflect a need for integrated behavioral health into the health care system in Thailand especially for those who are in the chronic illness condition.Recommendations for future study include an evaluation of the translation quality and validity and reliability of the study measures under the Thai context.This study fills the research gap of lacking research on the level of integrated care in clinics in Thailand.
基金Kate Lothman of RTI Health Solutions provided medical writing services,which were funded by Takeda
文摘AIM To systematically review the literature on epidemiology,disease burden, and treatment outcomes for Crohn's disease(CD) patients with complex perianal fistulas.METHODS PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane were searched for relevant articles(published 2000-November 2016) and congress abstracts(published 2011-November 2016).RESULTS Of 535 records reviewed, 62 relevant sources were identified(mostly small observational studies). The cumulative incidence of complex perianal fistulas in CD from two referral-centre studies was 12%-14%(follow-up time, 12 years in one study; not reported in the second study). Complex perianal fistulas result in greatly diminished quality of life; up to 59% of patients are at risk of faecal incontinence. Treatments include combinations of medical and surgical interventions and expanded allogeneic adipose-derived stem cells. High proportions of patients experience lack of or inadequate response to treatment(failure and relapse rates,respectively: medical, 12%-73% and 0%-41%; surgical:0%-100% and 11%.20%; combined medical/surgical:0%-80% and 0%-50%; stem cells: 29%-47% and not reported). Few studies(1 of infliximab; 3 of surgical interventions)have been conducted in treatment-refractory patients, a population with high unmet needs. Limited data exist on the clinical value of anti-tumour necrosis factor-α dose escalation in patients with complex perianal fistulas in CD.CONCLUSION Complex perianal fistulas in CD pose substantial clinical and humanistic burden. There is a need for effective treatments, especially for patients refractory to antitumour necrosis factor-α agents, as evidenced by high failure and relapse rates.
文摘AIM:To study whether the severity of liver fibrosis estimated by the nonalcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD) fibrosis score can predict all-cause mortality,cardiac complications,and/or liver complications of patients with NAFLD over long-term follow-up.METHODS:A cohort of well-characterized patients with NAFLD diagnosed during the period of 1980-2000 was identified through the Rochester Epidemiology Project.The NAFLD fibrosis score(NFS) was used to separate NAFLD patients with and without advanced liver fibrosis.We used the NFS score to classify the probability of fibrosis as <-1.5 for low probability,>-1.5 to < 0.67 for intermediate probability,and > 0.67 for high probability.Primary endpoints included allcause death and cardiovascular-and/or liver-related mortality.From the 479 patients with NAFLD assessed,302 patients(63%) greater than 18 years old were included.All patients were followed,and medical charts were reviewed until August 31,2009 or the date when the first primary endpoint occurred.By using a standardized case record form,we recorded a detailed history and physical examination and the use of statins and metformin during the follow-up period.RESULTS:A total of 302/479(63%) NAFLD patients(mean age:47 ± 13 year) were included with a followup period of 12.0 ± 3.9 year.A low probability of advanced fibrosis(NFS <-1.5 at baseline) was found in 181 patients(60%),while an intermediate or high probability of advanced fibrosis(NSF >-1.5) was found in 121 patients(40%).At the end of the follow-up period,55 patients(18%) developed primary endpoints.A total of 39 patients(13%) died during the follow-up.The leading causes of death were non-hepatic malignancy(n = 13/39;33.3%),coronary heart disease(CHD)(n = 8/39;20.5%),and liver-related mortality(n = 5/39;12.8%).Thirty patients had new-onset CHD,whereas 8 of 30 patients(27%) died from CHD-related causes during the follow-up.In a multivariate analysis,a higher NFS at baseline and the presence of new-onset CHD were significantly predictive of death(OR = 2.6 and 9.2,respectively;P < 0.0001).Our study showed a significant,graded relationship between the NFS,as classified into 3 subgroups(low,intermediate and high probability of liver fibrosis),and the occurrence of primary endpoints.The use of metformin or simvastatin for at least 3 mo during the follow-up was associated with fewer deaths in patients with NAFLD(OR = 0.2 and 0.03,respectively;P < 0.05).Additionally,the rate of annual NFS change in patients with an intermediate or high probability of advanced liver fibrosis was significantly lower than those patients with a low probability of advanced liver fibrosis(0.06 vs 0.09,P = 0.004).The annual NFS change in patients who died was significantly higher than those in patients who survived(0.14 vs 0.07,P = 0.03).At the end of the follow-up,we classified the patients into 3 subgroups according to the progression pattern of liver fibrosis by comparing the NFS at baseline to the NFS at the end of the followup period.Most patients were in the stable-fibrosis(60%) and progressive-fibrosis(37%) groups,whereas only 3% were in the regressive fibrosis.CONCLUSION:A higher NAFLD fibrosis score at baseline and a new onset of CHD were significantly predictive of death in patients with NAFLD.
文摘BACKGROUND Gastric cancer is the world’s third most lethal malignancy. Most gastric cancers develop through precancerous states of atrophic gastritis and intestinal metaplasia. Two staging systems, operative link for gastritis assessment(OLGA)and operative link on gastric intestinal metaplasia assessment(OLGIM), have been developed to detect high gastric cancer risk. European guidelines recommend surveillance for high-risk OLGA/OLGIM patients(stages Ⅲ–Ⅳ),and for those with advanced stage of atrophic gastritis in the whole stomach mucosa. We hypothesize, that by combining atrophy and intestinal metaplasia into one staging named TAIM, more patients with increased gastric cancer risk could be detected.AIM To evaluate the clinical value of the OLGA, OLGIM, and novel TAIM stagings as prognostic indicators for gastric cancer.METHODS In the Helsinki Gastritis Study, 22346 elderly male smokers from southwestern Finland were screened for serum pepsinogen I(PGI). Between the years 1989 and1993, men with low PGI values(PGI < 25 μg/L), were invited to undergo an oesophagogastroduodenoscopy. In this retrospective cohort study, 1147 men that underwent gastroscopy were followed for gastric cancer for a median of 13.7 years, and a maximum of 27.3 years. We developed a new staging system, TAIM,by combining the topography with the severity of atrophy or intestinal metaplasia in gastric biopsies. In TAIM staging, the gastric cancer risk is classified as low or high.RESULTS Twenty-eight gastric cancers were diagnosed during the follow-up, and the incidence rate was 1.72 per 1000 patient-years. The cancer risk associated positively with TAIM [Hazard ratio(HR) 2.70, 95%CI: 1.09–6.69, P = 0.03]. The risk increased through OLGIM stages 0-Ⅳ(0 vs Ⅳ: HR 5.72, 95%CI: 1.03–31.77, P for trend = 0.004), but not through OLGA stages 0–Ⅳ(0 vs Ⅳ: HR 5.77, 95%CI:0.67–49.77, P for trend = 0.10). The sensitivities of OLGA and OLGIM stages Ⅲ–Ⅳ were low, 21% and 32%, respectively, whereas that of TAIM high-risk was good, 79%. On the contrary, OLGA and OLGIM had high specificity, 85% and81%, respectively, but TAIM showed low specificity, 42%. In all three staging systems, the high-risk men had three-to four-times higher gastric cancer risk compared to the general male population of the same age.CONCLUSION OLGIM and TAIM stagings show prognostic value in assessing gastric cancer risk in elderly male smokers with atrophic gastritis.
文摘TagedPIn February and March 2022,China will host the Beijing 2022 Olympic and Paralympic Winter Games.The vision for this landmark event promises a“joyful rendezvous upon pure ice and snow uniting the passion of hundreds of millions for winter sports”.1 Themes have been developed to create a positive environmental impact with new development for the northern region of the country and to promote winter sports and improve the health and well-being of the Chinese people.The key messages for the winter games include inspiring youth with the Olympic spirit and encouraging millions to embrace winter sports.Notably,the Chinese government aims to mobilize at least 300 million of its citizens to engage in winter sports as an outcome of hosting the Winter Olympic Games.
文摘AIM To assess the effects of probiotic Medilac-S^(®)as adjunctive therapy for the induction of remission of ulcerative colitis(UC)in a Chinese population through a systematic review and meta-analysis.METHODS A systematic literature search was conducted to find randomized,controlled trials in a Chinese population with at least two study arms-a control arm which receives a conventional,oral aminosalicylate drug,and a treatment arm,which administers the same conventional drug in conjunction with the probiotic Medilac-S^(®)per os.Both English and Chinese databases were searched,including Pub Med,EMBASE,Google Scholar,Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure,Wanfang Data,and VIP Search,and study data was extracted onto standardized abstraction sheets.Meta-analyses were conducted for primary and secondary outcomes of interest using a fixed or random effects model.The primary outcome was the induction of clinical remission and the secondary outcomes included changes in Sutherland index,endoscopic and histological scores,proportion of reported clinical symptoms and adverse events(AEs).For outcomes with sufficient data,the type of conventional drug therapy was also assessed to determine if the effects of combination therapy with Medilac-S^(®)was influenced by drug type.All tests were conducted using a typeⅠerror rate of 0.05 and all confidence intervals(CI)were based on a 95%confidence level.Review protocol was uploaded to PROSPERO(CRD42018085658 upon completion).RESULTS Fifty-three clinical trials with a total of 3984 participants were identified and included in the review.Medilac-S^(®)adjunctive therapy significantly improved induction of clinical remission(RR=1.21;95%CI:1.18-1.24;P<0.0001)with the estimated likelihood of effective treatment,on average,21%higher for those consuming the probiotic.Sutherland index scores showed the control mean was on average 3.10(CI:2.41-3.78;P=0.0428)units greater than the treatment mean,thereby demonstrating significant improvement in participants taking the probiotic.Similarly,a significant difference was seen between the overall reduction of endoscopic and histological scores of control and treatment arm participants,with score decreases in the control groups 0.71(CI:0.3537-1.0742)and 1.1(CI:0.9189-1.2300)units smaller than treatment group score decreases.The proportion of participants reporting clinical symptoms,(abdominal pain,tenesmus,blood and mucous in stool,and diarrhea)was significantly reduced after combination therapy with Medilac-S~(P<0.0001)and estimated to be on average 44%(RR=0.44,CI:0.32-0.59),53%(RR=0.53,CI:0.38-74),40%(RR=0.40,CI:0.28-0.58)and 47%(RR=0.47 CI:0.36-0.42)respectively,of the proportion of individuals reporting the aforementioned symptoms after conventional therapy alone.The risk of AEs was also significantly reduced with adjunctive Medilac-S~therapy.The proportion of individuals in the treatment groups reporting AEs was an estimated 72%of the proportion of individuals in the control groups reporting AEs(RR=0.72,CI:0.55-0.94,P=0.0175).Upon comparing effect means for different drug types in conjunction with Medilac-S^(®),evidence of significant variability(P<0.0001)was observed,and sulfasalazine was found to be the most effective drug in both primary and secondary outcomes.CONCLUSION Evidence suggests Medilac-S~adjunctive therapy should be considered standard care for UC in a Chinese population because it aids in the induction of clinical remission,improves symptoms of the gastrointestinal tract and reduces risk of AEs.
文摘The conceptual physical education(CPE)innovation began in the mid-20th century as an alternative approach to college-level,activity-only basic instruction classes.In addition to physical activity sessions,CPE courses(classes)use text material and classroom sessions to teach kinesiology concepts and principles of health-related fitness and health-enhancing physical activity.CPE courses are now offered in nearly all college programs as either required or electives classes.Two decades later,the high school CPE innovation began,and Kindergarten-8 programs followed.In this commentary,I argue that historian Roberta Park was correct in her assessment that physical education has the potential to be the renaissance field of the 21st century.Scientific contributions of researchers in kinesiology will lead the way,but science-based CPE and companion fitness education programs that align with physical education content standards and fitness education benchmarks will play a significant role.CPE courses have been shown to be effective in promoting knowledge,attitudes,and out-of-school physical activity and have the potential to elevate physical education as we chart the course of our future.
文摘Patients with a diagnosis of polycystic ovary syndrome （PCOS） are on the rise. About 4%-12% of women are currently estimated to have this condition. It is hypothesized that PCOS appears in women who have long-standing insulin resistance （1R）, which leads to high androgen and testosterone levels; this ultimately disrupts their menstrual cycles. Some researchers attribute IR to genetic factors, although there have been only minute changes in the human genome in the past 20 000 years. However, even with a stable gene pool, genes can be turned on and offby the environment, food and air quality and toxin exposure.
文摘Background:The Compendium of Physical Activities was published in 1993 to improve the comparability of energy expenditure values assigned to self-reported physical activity(PA)across studies.The original version was updated in 2000,and again in 2011,and has been widely used to support PA research,practice,and public health guidelines.Methods:This 2024 update was tailored for adults 19-59 years of age by removing data from those≥60 years.Using a systematic review and supplementary searches,we identified new activities and their associated measured metabolic equivalent(MET)values(using indirect calorimetry)published since 2011.We replaced estimated METs with measured values when possible.Results:We screened 32,173 abstracts and 1507 full-text papers and extracted 2356 PA energy expenditure values from 701 papers.We added303 new PAs and adjusted 176 existing MET values and descriptions to reflect the addition of new data and removal of METs for older adults.We added a Major Heading(Video Games).The 2024 Adult Compendium includes 1114 PAs(912 with measured and 202 with estimated values)across 22 Major Headings.Conclusion:This comprehensive update and refinement led to the creation of The 2024 Adult Compendium,which has utility across research,public health,education,and healthcare domains,as well as in the development of consumer health technologies.The new website with the complete lists of PAs and supporting resources is available at https://pacompendium.com.
文摘Purpose:This paper presents an update of the 2011 Wheelchair Compendium of Physical Activities designed for wheelchair users and is referred to as the 2024 Wheelchair Compendium.The Wheelchair Compendium aims to curate existing knowledge of the energy expenditure for wheelchair physical activities(PAs).Methods:A systematic review of the published energy expenditure of PA for wheelchair users was completed between 2011 and May 2023.We added these data to the 2011 Wheelchair Compendium data that was compiled previously in a systematic review through 2011.Results:A total of 47 studies were included,and 124 different wheelchair PA reported energy expenditure values ranging from 0.8 metabolic equivalents for wheelchair users(filing papers,light effort)to 11.8 metabolic equivalents for wheelchair users(Nordic sit skiing).Conclusion:In introducing the updated 2024 Wheelchair Compendium,we hope to bridge the resource gap and challenge the prevailing narratives that inadvertently exclude wheelchair users from physical fitness and health PAs.
文摘Increasing need for materials with special features have brought various new inventions,one of the most promising hope for new material with special features and functionalities is composites materials.Thus,this study report an integration of zinc nanoparticles into kenaf/polyester polymer composite to introduce new behavior to the composite.The composite behaviors were compared for mechanical,thermal,moisture absorption and biodegradability properties.Prepared Zinc Oxide nanoparticles entrenched in the kenaf/polyestaer composites net structure through chemical bonds between kenaf/ZnO/polyester resin,existence of ZnO significantly influence the mechanical and thermals properties of composites.Thermal analysis based on(TGA)response revealed the integration of ZnO nanoparticles improved the thermal stability when thermal decomposition temperature beyond 3650 C.The thermal cracking decreased with present of ZnO and increase with kenaf content(layers).The modulus,Tensile strength,break at elongation,flexural modulus,flexural strength and impact strength of the composites with higher content kenaf/ZnO nanoparticle are 560 MPa,58MPa,1.8%,1300 PMa,68 MPa and 31 MPa,respectively.Thus,addition of kenaf layers and ZnO results in larger mechanical properties enhancement,the results of the contact angle show improvement in wetting of the fibres with addition of ZnO nanoparticles.
文摘Purpose:To describe the development of a Compendium for estimating the energy costs of activities in adults>60 years(OA Compendium).Methods:Physical activities(PAs)and their metabolic equivalent of task(MET)values were obtained from a systematic search of studies published in 4 sport and exercise databases(PubMed,Embase,SPORTDiscus(EBSCOhost),and Scopus)and a review of articles included in the 2011 Adult Compendium that measured PA in older adults.MET values were computed as the oxygen cost(VO_(2),mL/kg/min)during PA divided by 2.7 m L/kg/min(MET_(60+))to account for the lower resting metabolic rate in older adults.Results:We identified 68 articles and extracted energy expenditure data on 427 PAs.From these,we derived 99 unique Specific Activity codes with corresponding MET_(60+)values for older adults.We developed a website to present the OA Compendium MET_(60+)values:https://pacompendium.com.Conclusion:The OA Compendium uses data collected from adults>60 years for more accurate estimation of the energy cost of PAs in older adults.It is an accessible resource that will allow researchers,educators,and practitioners to find MET_(60+)values for older adults for use in PA research and practice.
文摘The Compendium of Physical Activities(Compendium)was developed to address consistent assignment of physical activity(PA)intensity values used in PA epidemiology research of the association between PA and health outcomes.1The known protective effects of PA on incident health outcomes traces to the mid-1900s,with over 50 studies examining coronary heart disease(CHD)as the outcome of interest.
文摘AIM To determine factors correlated with postoperative radial shortening in patients with distal radius fractures treated with volar locking distal radius plates.METHODS A total of 250 patients with a distal radius fracture stabilised with volar locking plates between January 2010 and December 2014 were included in a multicentre retrospective cohort study.We measured the distance of the distal locking screws to the joint line immediately postoperatively and then measured radial shortening after six to eight weeks using the change in ulnar variance.RESULTS Multivariate linear regression analysis showed that there was a significant linear association between the distance of the screws from the joint line and radial shortening.No other patient,injury,or treatment-related characteristic significantly influenced radial shortening in multivariate analysis.CONCLUSION Distal locking screws should be placed as close as possible to the subchondral joint line to prevent postoperative loss of reduction.
