Introduction: Oral health education is an important issue that should be given to children and adolescents, allowing the acquisition of correct oral health behaviors. The objective of this study was to determine the p...Introduction: Oral health education is an important issue that should be given to children and adolescents, allowing the acquisition of correct oral health behaviors. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of oral health behaviors among a sample of portuguese adolescents and verify the association with socio-demographic factors, in order to analyze the main needs related with oral health education to improve oral health status among adolescents. Methods: A cross-sectional study was designed with a sample of 447 adolescents aged 12 to 19 years old, attending a public school in Sátão, Portugal. A self-administered questionnaire was applied questioning about socio-demographic factors and oral health behaviors to each adolescent in the classroom. Prevalence was expressed in proportions and crude odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were used to measure the strength of association between oral health behaviors and socio-demographic factors. Results: The prevalence of tooth brushing (twice-a-day or more) was 90.6%. Five point eight percent of adolescents reported daily flossing, more frequent among female gender (female, OR = 2.03, 95% CI = (1.35 to 3.05)) and adolescents older than 15 years (>15 years, OR = 1.90, 95% CI = (1.24 to 2.92)). Sixty-seven percent had at least one dental appointment in the previous twelve months. The prevalence of dental appointments was associated with the father’s professional situation (unemployed, OR = 0.33, 95% CI = (0.17 to 0.65)) and crowding index (>1, OR = 0.4, 95% CI = (0.16 to 0.98)). Thirty-two point nine percent of adolescents referred having at least one episode of dental pain during their lives. Conclusion: Considering the results of the present study that show the need of improvement of some aspects related with oral health among adolescents, oral health community programs and primary preventive strategies, such as improvement of oral health education in schools should be considered in order to reduce the risk level of oral diseases and develop better oral health behaviors.展开更多
In oral health care, the spread of harmful infectious agents from the oral cavity is a constant concern. The aim of this study was to evaluate the possibility of cross-contamination between patients due to the backflo...In oral health care, the spread of harmful infectious agents from the oral cavity is a constant concern. The aim of this study was to evaluate the possibility of cross-contamination between patients due to the backflow of biological fluids and contaminated aerosols into the water tubes of rotating instruments (high-speed turbines). A second aim was to assess the dispersion of the aerosols generated in the medical environment and the risk of contamination for the dentist. Materials and methods: For safety reasons, we carried out an experimental study on two sheep heads purchased from a butcher to simulate periodontal treatment in the two oral cavities. The first cavity was artificially contaminated with the reference strain of Staphylococcus aureus to assess the transfer of this bacteria from one cavity to the other through the waterlines of the high-speed turbine used. Results: The study revealed a worrying risk of cross-contamination from contaminated aerosols flowing back through the dental turbine into the dental unit waterlines (33.33%) [p S. aureus and total heterotrophic bacteria (THB) were dispersed at varying distances from the oral cavity. In particular, the highest contamination levels were found within 0.3 m of the patient for S. aureus (M = 43.66, SD = 1) and THB (M = 45.59, SD = 5), with contamination levels decreasing at a distance of 1.5 m, respectively (M = 5.63, SD = 3.61;M = 8.09, SD = 7.01) [p ≤ 0.05]. Conclusions: Procedures should be implemented to limit the risk of cross-contamination during dental treatment. This can be achieved by strict adherence to hygiene and asepsis measures in the dental unit and medical devices, compliance with regulatory standards (e.g., ISO 15883 1-2), and the installation of anti-retraction valves in dental turbines, dental chair unit and suction systems to prevent backflow of contaminated biological fluids and aerosols.展开更多
Estradiol (E2) is the most potent and prevalent form of estrogen, a well-known hormone that regulates multiple tissues and functions in humans. In the brain, E2 regulates processes as diverse as learning, memory, cogn...Estradiol (E2) is the most potent and prevalent form of estrogen, a well-known hormone that regulates multiple tissues and functions in humans. In the brain, E2 regulates processes as diverse as learning, memory, cognition, mood, as well as neurodevelopment and neurodegeneration. The actions of E2 are mediated by classical estrogen receptors (ERs;α and β), and by the G protein-coupled estrogen receptor 1 (GPER or GPR30)(Prossnitz and Arterburn, 2015). Classical ER are predominantly present in the nucleus and cytoplasm, with less than 2% present on the plasma membrane, and mediate genomic cellular effects that occur in the time frame of hours to days (Prossnitz and Arterburn, 2015).展开更多
Objective:To improve the knowledge on the metabolite profile of five red grapes from D?o region(Portugal),concerning to the phenolic characteristics(coloured and non-coloured phenolics) and organic acid composition.Me...Objective:To improve the knowledge on the metabolite profile of five red grapes from D?o region(Portugal),concerning to the phenolic characteristics(coloured and non-coloured phenolics) and organic acid composition.Methods:Five red grapes collected from D?o region were studied.The profiles of phenolic compounds and organic acids were estimated by high-performance liquid chromatography with diode-array detection and high-performance liquid chromatography with UV detector,respectively.Results:Totally 24 phenolic compounds were identified,and distributed by several classes:8 anthocyanins,1 hydroxybenzoic acid,4 hydroxycinnamic acids,1 stilbene,4flavan-3-ols,6 flavonols.Additionally,10 organic acids were detected in all samples.Total contents of each phenolic class and organic acids amounts varied significantly among the different grape cultivars investigated.The principal components analysis differentiates the Touriga Nacional from the other varieties due to their high contents in anthocyanins,non-coloured phenolics and organic acids.Touriga Nacional is an important red grape cultivar,highly esteemed in D?o region for its ability to produce high quality wines.Conclusions:The results suggest that the red grapes from D?o region present a good composition in bioactive compounds,being important for the production of wines with superior quality.展开更多
Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are one of the leading causes of death worldwide. The knowledge andunderstanding of CVD are based on the study of vascular physiology and how the smooth muscle cells and tissuesperform th...Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are one of the leading causes of death worldwide. The knowledge andunderstanding of CVD are based on the study of vascular physiology and how the smooth muscle cells and tissuesperform their different functions. Exposure to endocrine disruptors (EDCs), such as phytoestrogens, polycyclicaromatic hydrocarbons, flame retardants, plasticizers, pesticides, and cosmetics, is an integral and fundamental part ofhuman exposure. Humans are exposed to EDCs by multiple pathways including air, food, water, and consumerproducts. However, this exposure can lead to several adverse effects on human health, including on the cardiovascular(CV) system. The negative impact that EDC toxicity has on human CV health is a serious problem that must not beoverlooked. In this point of view, we proposed the use of the human umbilical artery as a human model to study thedirect effects of EDCs on the vascular level. Several works where these cells were directly exposed to EDC’s werepresented to highlight this well-established model as a great strategy to be used. In the future, we emphasize the needto continue to carry out different investigations using HUA to unveil and understand the vascular toxicity of EDCsand improve human CV health.展开更多
High-altitude polycythemia(HAPC)is a prevalent chronic condition affecting individuals at high altitudes,including both highland and plains populations.This study,involving 2248 participants,explored genetic susceptib...High-altitude polycythemia(HAPC)is a prevalent chronic condition affecting individuals at high altitudes,including both highland and plains populations.This study,involving 2248 participants,explored genetic susceptibility to HAPC among ethnic groups,with 898 HAPC patients(450 Han,448 Tibetan).The Genome-wide Association Study,encompassing 198 cases(100 Han,98 Tibetan),identified eight Tibetan HAPC-susceptibility single-nucleotide polymorphisms and four in Han individuals.The common polymorphism locus rs7618658(SNX4,pcombine<5×10^(-8))was validated in both popula-tions.The investigation of Tibetan EPAS1 revealed the rs1374749 locus,along with linked loci,as a potential prevalence factor for HAPC.The GGTAC haplotype containing this locus emerged as a Protect haplotype for HAPC(p=2.461×10^(-12),OR=0.344).Enrichment analysis revealed that Tibetans exhibited susceptibility in oxygen-sensing pathways,such as EPAS1,associated with phenotypes like hemoglobin and platelets.In contrast,Han Chinese showed significant sensitivity in cell differentiation and angiogenesis,closely linked to hemoglobin,hematocrit,and platelets.展开更多
文摘Introduction: Oral health education is an important issue that should be given to children and adolescents, allowing the acquisition of correct oral health behaviors. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of oral health behaviors among a sample of portuguese adolescents and verify the association with socio-demographic factors, in order to analyze the main needs related with oral health education to improve oral health status among adolescents. Methods: A cross-sectional study was designed with a sample of 447 adolescents aged 12 to 19 years old, attending a public school in Sátão, Portugal. A self-administered questionnaire was applied questioning about socio-demographic factors and oral health behaviors to each adolescent in the classroom. Prevalence was expressed in proportions and crude odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were used to measure the strength of association between oral health behaviors and socio-demographic factors. Results: The prevalence of tooth brushing (twice-a-day or more) was 90.6%. Five point eight percent of adolescents reported daily flossing, more frequent among female gender (female, OR = 2.03, 95% CI = (1.35 to 3.05)) and adolescents older than 15 years (>15 years, OR = 1.90, 95% CI = (1.24 to 2.92)). Sixty-seven percent had at least one dental appointment in the previous twelve months. The prevalence of dental appointments was associated with the father’s professional situation (unemployed, OR = 0.33, 95% CI = (0.17 to 0.65)) and crowding index (>1, OR = 0.4, 95% CI = (0.16 to 0.98)). Thirty-two point nine percent of adolescents referred having at least one episode of dental pain during their lives. Conclusion: Considering the results of the present study that show the need of improvement of some aspects related with oral health among adolescents, oral health community programs and primary preventive strategies, such as improvement of oral health education in schools should be considered in order to reduce the risk level of oral diseases and develop better oral health behaviors.
文摘In oral health care, the spread of harmful infectious agents from the oral cavity is a constant concern. The aim of this study was to evaluate the possibility of cross-contamination between patients due to the backflow of biological fluids and contaminated aerosols into the water tubes of rotating instruments (high-speed turbines). A second aim was to assess the dispersion of the aerosols generated in the medical environment and the risk of contamination for the dentist. Materials and methods: For safety reasons, we carried out an experimental study on two sheep heads purchased from a butcher to simulate periodontal treatment in the two oral cavities. The first cavity was artificially contaminated with the reference strain of Staphylococcus aureus to assess the transfer of this bacteria from one cavity to the other through the waterlines of the high-speed turbine used. Results: The study revealed a worrying risk of cross-contamination from contaminated aerosols flowing back through the dental turbine into the dental unit waterlines (33.33%) [p S. aureus and total heterotrophic bacteria (THB) were dispersed at varying distances from the oral cavity. In particular, the highest contamination levels were found within 0.3 m of the patient for S. aureus (M = 43.66, SD = 1) and THB (M = 45.59, SD = 5), with contamination levels decreasing at a distance of 1.5 m, respectively (M = 5.63, SD = 3.61;M = 8.09, SD = 7.01) [p ≤ 0.05]. Conclusions: Procedures should be implemented to limit the risk of cross-contamination during dental treatment. This can be achieved by strict adherence to hygiene and asepsis measures in the dental unit and medical devices, compliance with regulatory standards (e.g., ISO 15883 1-2), and the installation of anti-retraction valves in dental turbines, dental chair unit and suction systems to prevent backflow of contaminated biological fluids and aerosols.
基金supported by FCT-Foundation for Science and Technology(UID/Multi/00709/2019)by ‘‘Programa Operacional do Centro,Centro 2020” through the Funding of the ICON Project(Interdisciplinary Challenges On Neurodegeneration CENTRO-01-0145-FEDER-000013)
文摘Estradiol (E2) is the most potent and prevalent form of estrogen, a well-known hormone that regulates multiple tissues and functions in humans. In the brain, E2 regulates processes as diverse as learning, memory, cognition, mood, as well as neurodevelopment and neurodegeneration. The actions of E2 are mediated by classical estrogen receptors (ERs;α and β), and by the G protein-coupled estrogen receptor 1 (GPER or GPR30)(Prossnitz and Arterburn, 2015). Classical ER are predominantly present in the nucleus and cytoplasm, with less than 2% present on the plasma membrane, and mediate genomic cellular effects that occur in the time frame of hours to days (Prossnitz and Arterburn, 2015).
基金Supported by the European Union(FEDER funds through COMPETE)National Funds(FCT,Fundacao para a Cieencia e Tecnologia)through project Pest-C/EQB/LA0006/2013+1 种基金the European Union(FEDER funds)under the framework of QREN through Project NORTE-07-0124-FEDER-000069FCT the financial support for the Post-doc grant(SFRH/BPD/105263/2014)
文摘Objective:To improve the knowledge on the metabolite profile of five red grapes from D?o region(Portugal),concerning to the phenolic characteristics(coloured and non-coloured phenolics) and organic acid composition.Methods:Five red grapes collected from D?o region were studied.The profiles of phenolic compounds and organic acids were estimated by high-performance liquid chromatography with diode-array detection and high-performance liquid chromatography with UV detector,respectively.Results:Totally 24 phenolic compounds were identified,and distributed by several classes:8 anthocyanins,1 hydroxybenzoic acid,4 hydroxycinnamic acids,1 stilbene,4flavan-3-ols,6 flavonols.Additionally,10 organic acids were detected in all samples.Total contents of each phenolic class and organic acids amounts varied significantly among the different grape cultivars investigated.The principal components analysis differentiates the Touriga Nacional from the other varieties due to their high contents in anthocyanins,non-coloured phenolics and organic acids.Touriga Nacional is an important red grape cultivar,highly esteemed in D?o region for its ability to produce high quality wines.Conclusions:The results suggest that the red grapes from D?o region present a good composition in bioactive compounds,being important for the production of wines with superior quality.
基金This work was financed by the Foundation for Science and Technology(FCT)through funds from the State Budget,and by the European Regional Development Fund(ERDF),under the Portugal 2020 Program+2 种基金through the Regional Operational Program of the Center(Centro2020)through the Project with the reference UIDB/00709/2020M.L.acknowledges the Ph.D.fellowship from FCT(Reference:2020.06616.BD).
文摘Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are one of the leading causes of death worldwide. The knowledge andunderstanding of CVD are based on the study of vascular physiology and how the smooth muscle cells and tissuesperform their different functions. Exposure to endocrine disruptors (EDCs), such as phytoestrogens, polycyclicaromatic hydrocarbons, flame retardants, plasticizers, pesticides, and cosmetics, is an integral and fundamental part ofhuman exposure. Humans are exposed to EDCs by multiple pathways including air, food, water, and consumerproducts. However, this exposure can lead to several adverse effects on human health, including on the cardiovascular(CV) system. The negative impact that EDC toxicity has on human CV health is a serious problem that must not beoverlooked. In this point of view, we proposed the use of the human umbilical artery as a human model to study thedirect effects of EDCs on the vascular level. Several works where these cells were directly exposed to EDC’s werepresented to highlight this well-established model as a great strategy to be used. In the future, we emphasize the needto continue to carry out different investigations using HUA to unveil and understand the vascular toxicity of EDCsand improve human CV health.
基金National Key R&D Program of China(2023YFA1801200)National Science Foundation of China(32288101,32200536,82241023)+9 种基金The Science and Technology Department of Tibet(08080002)2019 School-level Cultivation Project of Tibet University(ZDTSJH19-08)Special Funds from the Central Finance to Support the Development of Local Universities(2018)No.54(2019)No.1-19(2020)No.79,(2021])No.1,(00060695/003)Special of the Disposal of the Science and Technology Department of Tibet Autonomous Region in 2023(18080280)Tibet Autonomous Region Natural Science Foundation Group Medical Assistance Project Plan(XZ2023ZR-ZY34(Z))Municipal Natural Science Foundation(joint)project(RKZ2023ZR-014(Z))Shanghai Municipal Science and Technology Major Project(2023SHZDZX02,2017SHZDZX01)CAMS Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences(2019-I2M-5-066).
文摘High-altitude polycythemia(HAPC)is a prevalent chronic condition affecting individuals at high altitudes,including both highland and plains populations.This study,involving 2248 participants,explored genetic susceptibility to HAPC among ethnic groups,with 898 HAPC patients(450 Han,448 Tibetan).The Genome-wide Association Study,encompassing 198 cases(100 Han,98 Tibetan),identified eight Tibetan HAPC-susceptibility single-nucleotide polymorphisms and four in Han individuals.The common polymorphism locus rs7618658(SNX4,pcombine<5×10^(-8))was validated in both popula-tions.The investigation of Tibetan EPAS1 revealed the rs1374749 locus,along with linked loci,as a potential prevalence factor for HAPC.The GGTAC haplotype containing this locus emerged as a Protect haplotype for HAPC(p=2.461×10^(-12),OR=0.344).Enrichment analysis revealed that Tibetans exhibited susceptibility in oxygen-sensing pathways,such as EPAS1,associated with phenotypes like hemoglobin and platelets.In contrast,Han Chinese showed significant sensitivity in cell differentiation and angiogenesis,closely linked to hemoglobin,hematocrit,and platelets.
