Seed to soil contact is critical for successful germination and establishment.The seed coat micromorphology is a stable trait that has contributed significant information to the phylogenetic classification of angiospe...Seed to soil contact is critical for successful germination and establishment.The seed coat micromorphology is a stable trait that has contributed significant information to the phylogenetic classification of angiosperms.Seed morphology refers to the physical characteristics of seeds,such as their size,shape,color,texture,and structure.The characteristics can vary greatly among different plant species and can provide important information about the plants'life cycle,ecological requirements,and evolutionary history.The aim of this work was to describe the 34 species representing 23 botanical families that were collected to study the micromorphological features of seeds from Khaplu and Skardu mountainous area.Seed shape,color,and texture were observed under a light and scanning microscope and stereo microscope.Micromorphological and ultrastructural data have proved useful in determining seed plant evolution,classification,ecology,and phylogeny.Seed shapes varied from elliptic,oblong,ovate,pyramidal,and spherical.Surface sculpturing varied from rugulate,negative reticulate,reticulate,foveolate,granular and striated.The seed size varied enormously from very minute Matricaria chamomilla 0.33 mm×0.06 mm to very large seed Elaeagnus angustifolia 13.76 mm×4.70 mm.Epicuticular projections,anticlinal wall,periclinal wall,wall ornamentation,and seed texture were also studied under scanning electron microscopy.Most of the seed colors were brown and black except Carthamus tinctorius which exhibits creamy white color.A principal component analysis was used to identify the most outliers in seed micromorphology and provide a significant explanation.A taxonomic key based on micromorphological features has been constructed to assist botanists in identifying species and genera,and to support the conservation of seed bank resources.展开更多
The vitamin D receptor(VDR)plays a critical role in the regulation of mineral and bone homeostasis.Upon binding of 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D_(3) to the VDR,the activation function 2(AF2)domain repositions and recruits...The vitamin D receptor(VDR)plays a critical role in the regulation of mineral and bone homeostasis.Upon binding of 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D_(3) to the VDR,the activation function 2(AF2)domain repositions and recruits coactivators for the assembly of the transcriptional machinery required for gene transcription.展开更多
Background: Floorball training offers a motivating and socially stimulating team activity for older adults, and 12 weeks of floorball training twice a week among men aged 65—76 years have been shown to have positive ...Background: Floorball training offers a motivating and socially stimulating team activity for older adults, and 12 weeks of floorball training twice a week among men aged 65—76 years have been shown to have positive effects on a number of physiological parameters important for health. However, the effect of long-term participation in floorball training among male elderly has not been investigated. The aim of the present study was to examine the effect of 26-month self-organized regular participation in floorball training on cardiovascular fitness, body composition, blood lipids, glucose control, and physical function among recreationally active men aged 66—78 years.Methods: After completing a 12-week randomized and controlled intervention with floorball and petanque training in the autumn 2014 or spring2015, 15 subjects chose to participate in floorball training(floorball group, FG), whereas 16 subjects resumed their usual lifestyle(control group,CG). FG took part in self-organized floorball training 1.7 sessions of 40 min/week, and CG continued their normal recreationally active lifestyle during a 26-month follow-up period. At baseline and after the follow-up period subjects were tested for cardiovascular fitness, glucose control(resting blood samples), body composition dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry(DXA-scanning), and functional capacity.Results: In FG, the decline in maximal oxygen uptake(VO_(2max)) during the follow-up period was lower(242 ± 379 mL/min, p = 0.01), blood glycosylated hemoglobin(HbA1c) increased less(—1.6 ± 2.9 mmol/L, p = 0.02), and leg bone mineral density increased more(0.03 ± 0.05 g/cm^2,p = 0.02) than those in CG. The effects on body mass, total lean body mass, fat mass, blood lipids, and physical function were similar in FG and CG.Conclusion: Approximately twice weekly floorball sessions with 40 min/session over 26-month appear to reduce age-related decline in cardiovascular fitness and glucose control and improve leg bone mineral density, suggesting that long-term participation in floorball training can be considered as a health-enhancing activity in recreationally active male elderly.展开更多
This study reports the successful so nochemical synthesis of novel Fe3O4/SiO2/ZnO-Pr6O11(Fe/Si/Zn-Pr6O11) nanocomposites using fructose as a green capping agent.The influence of various parameters containing capping a...This study reports the successful so nochemical synthesis of novel Fe3O4/SiO2/ZnO-Pr6O11(Fe/Si/Zn-Pr6O11) nanocomposites using fructose as a green capping agent.The influence of various parameters containing capping agent,power and time of ultrasound irradiation was investigated to reach optimum morphology and size conditions.The products obtained were characterized by transmission electron microscopy(TEM),UV/Vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy(DRS),Fourier transform infrared spectra(FT-IR),vibration sample magnetometer(VSM),scanning electron microscopy(SEM),energy dispersive X-ray microanalysis(EDS) and X-ray diffraction(XRD).The Fe3O4/SiO2/ZnO-Pr6O11 nanocomposites display remarkably enhanced photocatalytic activity towards rhodamine b degradation(89.6%)and Congo red(84.7%) under UV irradiation compared with the other products.The results illustrate that the photocatalytic efficiency of magnetic nanocomposites is very much higher than pure Pr6O11nanostructures.Magnetic photocatalyst still has good stability after five successive runs.So,these recyclable nanocomposites can play a role in the treatment of both industrial and domestic contaminated water.展开更多
The aim of this study was to determine the effect of electrocoagulation technology using iron electrodes on phenol removal in aqueous solutions. The removal of phenol was investigated in terms of various parameters, n...The aim of this study was to determine the effect of electrocoagulation technology using iron electrodes on phenol removal in aqueous solutions. The removal of phenol was investigated in terms of various parameters, namely, current density, phenol and NaCl concentration, pH, and alginic acid concentration. The results showed that the removal efficiency of phenol increased with increasing the current density, pH and NaCl concentration, whereas it was inversely associated with initial concentration of phenol and alginic acid concentration. According to the results, electrocoagulation is a promising process for treatment of wastewater containing high concentration of phenol.展开更多
Schistosoma japonicum, once endemic all the East Asia, remains as a serious public health problem in certain regions. Ectopic egg embryonation in the liver causes granulomatosis and eventually fatal cirrhosis, so that...Schistosoma japonicum, once endemic all the East Asia, remains as a serious public health problem in certain regions. Ectopic egg embryonation in the liver causes granulomatosis and eventually fatal cirrhosis, so that prevention of this process is one of the keys to reduce its mortality. The embryonation requires cholesteryl ester from HDL of the host blood for egg yolk formation, and this reaction is impaired from the abnormal large HDL in genetic cholesteryl ester transfer protein （CETP） deficiency. When CETP was expressed in mice that otherwise lack this protein, granulomatosis of the liver was shown increased compared to the wild type upon infec- tion of Schistosoma japonicum. The CETP deficiencies accumulated exclusively in East Asia, from Indochina to Siberia, so that Shistosomiasis can be a screening factor for this accumulation. CD36 related protein （CD36RP） was identified as a protein for this reaction, cloned from the cDNA library of Schistosoma japonicum with 1880-bp encoding 506 amino acids. The antibody against the extracellular loop of CD36RP inhibited cholesteryl ester uptake from HDL and suppressed egg embryonation in culture. Therefore, inhibition of CETP is a potential approach to prevent liver granulomatosis and thereby fatal liver cirrhosis in the infection of Schistosoma japonicum.展开更多
Objective To assess the efficiency and safety of a novel sodium-glucose co-transporter 2(SGLT2) inhibitor—SGLT2 inhibitors,in combination with insulin for type 1 diabetes mellitus(T1DM). Methods We searched Medline,E...Objective To assess the efficiency and safety of a novel sodium-glucose co-transporter 2(SGLT2) inhibitor—SGLT2 inhibitors,in combination with insulin for type 1 diabetes mellitus(T1DM). Methods We searched Medline,Embase,and the Cochrane Collaboration Library to identify the eligible studies published between January 2010 and July 2016 without restriction of language. The Food and Drug Administration(FDA) data and Clinical Trials(http://www.clinicaltrials.gov) were also searched. The included studies met the following criteria:randomized controlled trials; T1DM patients aged between 18 and 65 years old; patients were treated with insulin plus SGLT2 inhibitors for more than 2 weeks; patients' glycosylated hemoglobin(HbA1c) levels were between 7% and 12%. The SGLT2 inhibitors group was treated with SGLT2 inhibitors plus insulin,and the placebo group received placebo plus insulin treatment. The outcomes should include one of the following items:fasting blood glucose,HbA1c,glycosuria,or adverse effects. Data were analyzed by two physicians independently. The risk of bias was evaluated by using the Cochrane Collaboration's Risk of Bias tool and heterogeneity among studies was assessed using Chi-square test. Random effect model was used to analyze the treatment effects with Revman 5.3. Results Three trials including 178 patients were enrolled. As compared to the placebo group,SGLT2 inhibitor absolutely decreased fasting blood glucose [mean differences(MD)-2.47 mmol/L,95% confidence interval(CI)-3.65 to-1.28,P<0.001] and insulin dosage(standardized MD-0.75 U,95%CI-1.17 to-0.33,P<0.001). SGLT2 inhibitors could also increase the excretion of urine glucose(MD 131.09 g/24 h,95%CI 91.79 to 170.39,P<0.001). There were no significant differences in the incidences of hyperglycemia [odds ratio(OR) 1.82,95%CI 0.63 to 5.29,P=0.27],urinary tract infection(OR 0.95,95%CI 0.19 to 4.85,P=0.95),genital tract infection(OR 0.27,95%CI 0.01 to 7.19,P=0.43),and diabetic ketoacidosis(OR 6.03,95%CI 0.27 to 135.99,P=0.26) between the two groups. Conclusion SGLT2 inhibitors combined with insulin might be an efficient and safe treatment modality for T1DM patients.展开更多
The new antiepileptic drugs perampanel,retigabine,rufinamide and stiripentol have been recently approved for different epilepsy types.Being them an innovation in the antiepileptics armamentarium,a lot of investigation...The new antiepileptic drugs perampanel,retigabine,rufinamide and stiripentol have been recently approved for different epilepsy types.Being them an innovation in the antiepileptics armamentarium,a lot of investigations regarding their pharmacological properties are yet to be performed.Besides,considering their broad anticonvulsant activities,an extension of their therapeutic indications may be worthy of investigation,especially regarding other seizure types as well as other central nervous system disorders.Although different liquid chromatographic(LC)methods coupled with ultraviolet,fluorescence,mass or tandem-mass spectrometry detection have already been developed for the determination of perampanel,retigabine,rufinamide and stiripentol,new and more cost-effective methods are yet required.Therefore,this review summarizes the main analytical aspects regarding the liquid chromatographic methods developed for the analysis of perampanel,retigabine(and its main active metabolite),rufinamide and stiripentol in biological samples and pharmaceutical dosage forms.Furthermore,the physicochemical and stability properties of the target compounds will also be addressed.Thus,this review gathers,for the first time,important background information on LC methods that have been developed and applied for the determination of perampanel,retigabine,rufinamide and stiripentol,which should be considered as a starting point if new(bio)analytical techniques are aimed to be implemented for these drugs.展开更多
AIM To determine the frequency and risk factors for colorectal cancer(CRC) development among individuals with resected advanced adenoma(AA)/traditional serrated adenoma(TSA)/advanced sessile serrated adenoma(ASSA). ME...AIM To determine the frequency and risk factors for colorectal cancer(CRC) development among individuals with resected advanced adenoma(AA)/traditional serrated adenoma(TSA)/advanced sessile serrated adenoma(ASSA). METHODS Data was collected from medical records of 14663 subjects found to have AA, TSA, or ASSA at screening or surveillance colonoscopy. Patients with inflammatory bowel disease or known genetic predisposition for CRC were excluded from the study. Factors associated with CRC developing after endoscopic management of high risk polyps were calculated in 4610 such patients who had at least one surveillance colonoscopy within 10 years following the original polypectomy of the incident advanced polyp. RESULTS84/4610(1.8%) patients developed CRC at the polypectomy site within a median of 4.2 years(mean 4.89 years), and 1.2%(54/4610) developed CRC in a region distinct from the AA/TSA/ASSA resection site within a median of 5.1 years(mean 6.67 years). Approximately, 30%(25/84) of patients who developed CRC at the AA/TSA/ASSA site and 27.8%(15/54) of patients who developed CRC at another site had colonoscopy at recommended surveillance intervals. Increasing age; polyp size; male sex; right-sided location; high degree of dysplasia; higher number of polyps resected; and piecemeal removal were associated with an increased risk for CRC developmentat the same site as the index polyp. Increasing age; right-sided location; higher number of polyps resected and sessile endoscopic appearance of the index AA/TSA/ASSA were significantly associated with an increased risk for CRC development at a different site. CONCLUSION Recognition that CRC may develop following AA/TSA/ASSA removal is one step toward improving our practice efficiency and preventing a portion of CRC related morbidity and mortality.展开更多
Objective:To determine the seroprevalance of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-Co V-2)antibodies in the general population of Mazandaran province in Iran and to estimate the percentage of asymptomat...Objective:To determine the seroprevalance of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-Co V-2)antibodies in the general population of Mazandaran province in Iran and to estimate the percentage of asymptomatic,mild,and severe infections.Methods:We chose 1588 inhabitants of Mazandaran province with cluster sampling.We measured their SARS-Co V-2 immunoglobulin M(Ig M)and immunoglobulin G(Ig G)serum levels.Demographics,risk factors,and symptoms were collected.The seroprevalence of SARS-Co V-2 was calculated by age and city and the World Health Organization(WHO)protocol and further stratified by demographic variables and risk factors.Finally,we identified the symptoms and factors related to COVID-19 with logistic regression.Results:Two hundred subjects(12.59%)were tested positive for either Ig G or Ig M.Until May 23,2020,the prevalence of COVID-19 was 15.26%(95%CI:12.97%-17.79%)based on direct standardization and WHO’s standardized age groups.Based on multivariate logistic regression,the incidence of getting an infection increased by an average of 11.6%for every 10-year increase in age(OR=1.116,95%CI:1.008-1.236,P=0.035).Furthermore,those in contact with COVID-19 patients had a 66.1%higher risk of developing the disease(OR=1.661,95%CI:1.104-2.497,P=0.015).In addition,the chance of getting SARS-Co V-2 infection was almost four times higher in people who had consulted a doctor during the pandemic than those who had not(OR=3.942,95%CI:2.813-5.524,P<0.001).Conclusions:The prevalence of COVID-19 in Mazandaran province could be higher than the officially reported statistics based on diagnostic tests and clinical cases.There seems to be more asymptomatic or mild symptom cases than what was previously reported.展开更多
The prevalence of coronary artery disease (CAD) is increasing in Iran. Patients with depression who have a myocardial infarction are more likely to die and patients who have depressive symptoms during hospitalization ...The prevalence of coronary artery disease (CAD) is increasing in Iran. Patients with depression who have a myocardial infarction are more likely to die and patients who have depressive symptoms during hospitalization may have increased cardiovascular events. This study aimed to determine the relationship between anxiety, depression and coronary artery disease among patients undergoing angiography in Ghaem Hospital, Mashhad. This was a case-control study conducted between September 2011 and August 2012 among patients undergoing coronary angiography in Ghaem Hospital, Mashhad, Iran. There were 486 cases that were found to have one or more coronary stenoses, with a stenosis of equal or more than 50% of the diameter of at least one major coronary artery. The other patient group consisted of the patients in whom the coronary artery stenosis was less than 50% in diameter which was classified as angiography negative, and a control group that consisted of 440 healthy adults aged 18 years old and above who were selected among people who attended for routine medical checkup and medical examination of employment. The dependent variables were Beck Anxiety and Depression Inventory scores and the independent factors were coronary artery disease, and socioeconomic profiles. Validated and reliability-tested questionnaires were used for data collection. The mean age of patients was 55.75 ± 10.64 years and in the healthy group was 55.83 ± 8.55 years;there was no significant difference in age between subject groups (p = 0.897) nor a significant difference in the gender frequency distribution of subjects (p = 0.610). There was a significant difference in anxiety score between the Angio positive and Angio negative patients and healthy control subjects展开更多
Cat scratch's disease caused by Bartonella henselae,is known to be a self-limited benign process in immunocompetent children.The association with neurologic manifestations is very uncommon especially in patient wi...Cat scratch's disease caused by Bartonella henselae,is known to be a self-limited benign process in immunocompetent children.The association with neurologic manifestations is very uncommon especially in patient with no immunologic defects and in cases without specific treatment.A 7 years old male patient,without any immunocromised defect,presented an atypic presentation of the cat scratch disease.The patient came to the hospital in two opportunities in a status epilepticus,in both cases the diagnosis was encephalitis by Bartonella henselae and the evolution with treatment was monitored with PCR(polymerase chain reaction)in cerebrospinal fluid and blood,as well as IFI(IgM,IgG)serology(indirect immunofluorescence).The patient had a favorable clinical and laboratory evolution for 6 months showing no recurrence of the disease.展开更多
The efficacy of first-and second-line Helicobacter pylori(H.pylori)eradication regimens varies considerably in West Asian countries,mainly due to the variable prevalence of resistant organisms.However,no review articl...The efficacy of first-and second-line Helicobacter pylori(H.pylori)eradication regimens varies considerably in West Asian countries,mainly due to the variable prevalence of resistant organisms.However,no review article has yet evaluated and compared the efficacy of different regimens among different countries of this region.Therefore,we conducted a review to select the best options and provide recommendations for H.pylori treatment in this geographic region.A search through PubMed was carried out to obtain relevant randomized clinical trials published in English language up to June2013.According to the results,among different therapeutic regimens used as the first-line protocols,10-d Bismuth-Furazolidone/Metronidazole quadruple therapy,14-d Clarithromycin-containing hybrid therapy and 14-d quadruple therapy including a proton pump inhibitor +Bismuth+Tetracycline(500 mg QID)+Metronidazole(500 mg TDS)seemed to be appropriate options.Among second-line therapeutic regimens,Bismuthbased quadruple therapies containing Tetracycline and Furazolidone/Metronidazole,triple therapy containing Amoxicillin and Gatifloxacin and Quadruple therapy including Bismuth+Azithromycin and Ofloxacin seemed to be effective options.Third-line therapies were not evaluated in West Asia;most guidelines,however,recommend choosing optimal eradication regimen according to the pattern of antibiotic susceptibility of H.pylori.Although we limited our investigation to H.pylori eradication regimens in West Asia,the clinical significance of the results goes beyond the countries situated in this geographic region.In fact,the results are transferrable to any region as long as the patterns of resistance are the same.展开更多
Saccharomyces cerevisiae (baker’s yeast) is the most important industrial microorganisms. This yeast is commonly used as a leavening agent in baking bread and bakery products, where it produces carbon dioxide from co...Saccharomyces cerevisiae (baker’s yeast) is the most important industrial microorganisms. This yeast is commonly used as a leavening agent in baking bread and bakery products, where it produces carbon dioxide from converting of the fermentable sugars present in the dough. Nowadays, industrial and chemical activities led to produce new compounds with new kinds of contamination in the environment. Discharge of untreated or partially treated industrial sewage has created the contamination problems of rivers and lakes such as drugs, oil, heavy metals, paints, pesticides and various chemical compounds in them. Hence, it is necessary to control and reduce the levels of these compounds in wastewater and bring them to permissible values. This study aims to study the bioconversion potential of commonly available Saccharomyces cerevisiae for the two textile dyes of Carmoisine and Reactive Black 5. Reaction mixtures for biotransformation of dyes included 50 mg/l Carmoisine or 25 mg/l Reactive Black 5 and 1% dried harvested cells of S. cerevisiae (bread’s yeast) were tested. Harvested dry and wet yeast were studied for this purpose. The results show that harvested cells of Saccharomyces cerevisiae are able to bioconvert Carmoisine and Reactive Black 5. Reactive Black 5, Carmoisine are degraded by biotransformation 85% and 53% within 24 hours in water at the room temperature.展开更多
Objective:To investigate Phlebotomus(P.)sergenti Parrot,1917(Diptera:Psychodidae)salivary gland antigens and their immune response in human.Methods:Human volunteers were exposed to sand flies’bites in the laboratory,...Objective:To investigate Phlebotomus(P.)sergenti Parrot,1917(Diptera:Psychodidae)salivary gland antigens and their immune response in human.Methods:Human volunteers were exposed to sand flies’bites in the laboratory,and following each exposure the size of induration was recorded.The mean protein concentration of salivary gland lysate and specific anti-P.sergenti saliva IgG was measured.Sand fly salivary proteins were separated by SDS-PAGE and their immunoreactivity was examined by Western blotting assays.Results:Individuals exposed to P.sergenti salivary gland lysate for 8 months showed both antibody and delayed type hypersensitivity responses,although exposure for one month did not provoke any immune responses.The trend of antibody fluctuated during the exposure time and dropped by the end of antigen loading.The mean protein content was(0.36±0.08)μg in each pair salivary glands.Salivary gland lysate showed 11 to 12 major protein bands and 3 to 6 of them were immunoreactive.Conclusions:Our study showed that the salivary gland components of P.sergenti provoked both cellular and humoral immune responses in human.Furthermore,there are some immunogenic proteins in P.sergenti saliva which could be subjected for further investigation as vector-based vaccine candidate/s against anthroponotic cutaneous leishmaniasis.展开更多
Obesity has become a major global health challenge and it is a risk factor for the development of several comorbid conditions. Additionally, obesity has considerable economic consequences. Obesity is a multifactorial ...Obesity has become a major global health challenge and it is a risk factor for the development of several comorbid conditions. Additionally, obesity has considerable economic consequences. Obesity is a multifactorial condition that arises from independent influences of genetic and social-environmental factors on food intake and physical activity. It has been difficult to establish clear associations between weight status and the intake of single foods or food groups. In most people, the predisposition to obesity has a polygenic basis, which means that obesity will develop if an individual has several polygenic variants that increase body weight. The FTO gene was the first GWAS-identified obesity-susceptibility gene and since then other polygenic variants that are associated with BMI and dietary intake have also been identified. However, this is still an active area of research as more polygenetic variants await discovery.展开更多
BACKGROUND Low vitamin D levels are associated with a more severe case of knee osteoarthritis(OA).However,there are few published reports concerning an association between vitamin D deficiency and functional status of...BACKGROUND Low vitamin D levels are associated with a more severe case of knee osteoarthritis(OA).However,there are few published reports concerning an association between vitamin D deficiency and functional status of individuals with OA and no reports about postural balance in this population.AIM To analyze the relationship between vitamin D deficiency and severity,functional status,and balance in elderly patients with OA.METHODS In this cross-sectional study,105 elderly patients with hip and knee OA were included.The severity was assessed by the Kellgren-Lawrence criteria.The functional status was assessed with the Lequesne index.Postural balance was assessed using a force platform,and center-of-pressure parameters(velocity at anteroposterior and mediolateral axis)were used as the balance outcomes.Serum 25(OH)vitamin D levels were measured using a chemiluminescence method.RESULTS Most of the patients(mean age:70.6±6.5 years)were female(n=78,74.3%).In the group with vitamin D deficiency,43 patients(56.6%)had severe OA,while 33 patients(43.4%)had mild or moderate OA(χ^(2) test,P=0.04).Patients with vitamin D deficiency showed a higher Lequesne index score(Mann-Whitney test,P=0.04),indicating a worse functional impairment when compared to individuals with normal vitamin D levels.Additionally,patients with vitamin D deficiency had worse postural balance according to the Mann-Whitney test(P=0.03).CONCLUSION Vitamin D deficiency is associated with worse severity,functional status,and postural balance in patients with OA.展开更多
Background The implementation of social innovations for addressing societal challenges,particularly in health,lev-erages community participation and technology to optimally meet social needs compared to traditional ap...Background The implementation of social innovations for addressing societal challenges,particularly in health,lev-erages community participation and technology to optimally meet social needs compared to traditional approaches.A key feature of these innovations is their ability to utilize existing capacities for contributing to resolving infectious disease outbreaks,which has attracted significant attention from health organizations.Given the potential of these innovations,this study has investigated social innovations in the prevention and control of infectious diseases as one of the major global challenges in the form of a comprehensive literature review.Methods This review study examined the relevant literature from January 1,2010 to December 31,2022.Based on inclusion and exclusion criteria,50 documents were retained and fully examined.The documents were analyzed by applying a thematic analysis,and important content related to the application of social innovations for the preven-tion and control of pandemic infectious diseases was extracted using a data collection form.Results Five major themes concerning social innovation in the prevention and control of epidemic diseases were discerned as follows:new products,novel processes and policies,empowerment,innovative practices and behaviors,and community engagement.New products include technological products for control and management of epidem-ics,preventive products,diagnostic and therapeutic products.Novel processes and policies are related to reorienting and reorganizing care methods,control and monitoring policies,participatory and creative strategies.Empower-ment is focused on enhancing the capabilities of health workers,community leaders,and communities.Innovative practices and behaviors involve technology-based participation and support mechanisms.Community engagement is related to awareness,consultation,community mobilization,and participation in production and support.Conclusions During the outbreak of infectious diseases,governments are faced with many challenges,includ-ing health,economic and social challenges.To answer these challenges,tools should be used that have the ability to answer the problem from several aspects.Social innovation as an appropriate process in response to health crises has led to new forms of relationships and empowered the communities.And to promote public health,it provides the opportunity for all members of the society to participate in crisis resolution and optimal use of resources.展开更多
The field of molecular charge transfer cocrystals(CTCs)has advanced rapidly in recent years,with much work focused on their use in optoelectronic devices,photoacoustic imaging,photothermal therapy(PTT),opticalwaveguid...The field of molecular charge transfer cocrystals(CTCs)has advanced rapidly in recent years,with much work focused on their use in optoelectronic devices,photoacoustic imaging,photothermal therapy(PTT),opticalwaveguides,seawater desalination,and more.Organic photothermal CTCs are of particular interest because of their unique phototherapeutic effects in phototherapy and their remarkable imaging capabilities in fluorescence,magnetic resonance,and photoacoustic imaging,further enhancing their significance in medical applications.However,the use of photothermal CTCs in biomedicine has been limited,with few reported biological applications.Hence,there is a growing interest in CT-derived functional photothermal cocrystals potential contenders for targeted and controlled biomedical applications such as bacteria inhibition,cancer eradication,and tissue regeneration.This review offers insight into the recent advancements in crafting and producing CT-based materials with biomedical attributes.In addition,it outlines the current obstacles and future prospects in this burgeoning research domain,aiming to propel the continued advancement of CT-based biomaterials toward enhanced biomedical utilities.Overall,cocrystal-based near-infrared(NIR)photothermal materials have the potential to revolutionize a wide range of medical and technological applications and are an active area of research in chemistry,materials science,and nanotechnology.展开更多
Halide perovskite single crystals(SCs)have attracted much attention for their application in high-performance x-ray detectors owing to their desirable properties,including low defect density,high mobility–lifetime pr...Halide perovskite single crystals(SCs)have attracted much attention for their application in high-performance x-ray detectors owing to their desirable properties,including low defect density,high mobility–lifetime product(μτ),and long carrier diffusion length.However,suppressing the inherent defects in perovskites and overcoming the ion migration primarily caused by these defects remains a challenge.This study proposes a facile process for dipping Cs0.05FA0.9MA0.05PbI3 SCs synthesized by a solution-based inverse temperature crystallization method into a 2-phenylethylammonium iodide(PEAI)solution to reduce the number of defects,inhibit ion migration,and increase x-ray sensitivity.Compared to conventional spin coating,this simple dipping process forms a two-dimensional PEA2PbI4 layer on all SC surfaces without further treatment,effectively passivating all surfaces of the inherently defective SCs and minimizing ion migration.As a result,the PEAI-treated perovskite SC-based x-ray detector achieves a record x-ray sensitivity of 1.3×10^(5)μC Gyair^(-1) cm^(-2) with a bias voltage of 30 V at realistic clinical dose rates of 1–5 mGy s^(-1)(peak potential of 110 kVp),which is 6 times more sensitive than an untreated SC-based detector and 3 orders of magnitude more sensitive than a commercialα-Se-based detector.Furthermore,the PEAI-treatedperovskite SC-based x-ray detector exhibits a low detection limit(73 nGy s^(-1)),improved x-ray response,and clear x-ray images by a scanning method,highlighting the effectiveness of the PEAI dipping approach for fabricating next-generation x-ray detectors.展开更多
基金supported by Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University Researchers Supporting Project number(PNURSP2025R101),Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University,Riyadh,Saudi Arabia.
文摘Seed to soil contact is critical for successful germination and establishment.The seed coat micromorphology is a stable trait that has contributed significant information to the phylogenetic classification of angiosperms.Seed morphology refers to the physical characteristics of seeds,such as their size,shape,color,texture,and structure.The characteristics can vary greatly among different plant species and can provide important information about the plants'life cycle,ecological requirements,and evolutionary history.The aim of this work was to describe the 34 species representing 23 botanical families that were collected to study the micromorphological features of seeds from Khaplu and Skardu mountainous area.Seed shape,color,and texture were observed under a light and scanning microscope and stereo microscope.Micromorphological and ultrastructural data have proved useful in determining seed plant evolution,classification,ecology,and phylogeny.Seed shapes varied from elliptic,oblong,ovate,pyramidal,and spherical.Surface sculpturing varied from rugulate,negative reticulate,reticulate,foveolate,granular and striated.The seed size varied enormously from very minute Matricaria chamomilla 0.33 mm×0.06 mm to very large seed Elaeagnus angustifolia 13.76 mm×4.70 mm.Epicuticular projections,anticlinal wall,periclinal wall,wall ornamentation,and seed texture were also studied under scanning electron microscopy.Most of the seed colors were brown and black except Carthamus tinctorius which exhibits creamy white color.A principal component analysis was used to identify the most outliers in seed micromorphology and provide a significant explanation.A taxonomic key based on micromorphological features has been constructed to assist botanists in identifying species and genera,and to support the conservation of seed bank resources.
基金the University of Leuven (C16/18/006)the Flanders Research Foundation (FWOG0D0120N,G0D4217N and G081723N)。
文摘The vitamin D receptor(VDR)plays a critical role in the regulation of mineral and bone homeostasis.Upon binding of 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D_(3) to the VDR,the activation function 2(AF2)domain repositions and recruits coactivators for the assembly of the transcriptional machinery required for gene transcription.
文摘Background: Floorball training offers a motivating and socially stimulating team activity for older adults, and 12 weeks of floorball training twice a week among men aged 65—76 years have been shown to have positive effects on a number of physiological parameters important for health. However, the effect of long-term participation in floorball training among male elderly has not been investigated. The aim of the present study was to examine the effect of 26-month self-organized regular participation in floorball training on cardiovascular fitness, body composition, blood lipids, glucose control, and physical function among recreationally active men aged 66—78 years.Methods: After completing a 12-week randomized and controlled intervention with floorball and petanque training in the autumn 2014 or spring2015, 15 subjects chose to participate in floorball training(floorball group, FG), whereas 16 subjects resumed their usual lifestyle(control group,CG). FG took part in self-organized floorball training 1.7 sessions of 40 min/week, and CG continued their normal recreationally active lifestyle during a 26-month follow-up period. At baseline and after the follow-up period subjects were tested for cardiovascular fitness, glucose control(resting blood samples), body composition dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry(DXA-scanning), and functional capacity.Results: In FG, the decline in maximal oxygen uptake(VO_(2max)) during the follow-up period was lower(242 ± 379 mL/min, p = 0.01), blood glycosylated hemoglobin(HbA1c) increased less(—1.6 ± 2.9 mmol/L, p = 0.02), and leg bone mineral density increased more(0.03 ± 0.05 g/cm^2,p = 0.02) than those in CG. The effects on body mass, total lean body mass, fat mass, blood lipids, and physical function were similar in FG and CG.Conclusion: Approximately twice weekly floorball sessions with 40 min/session over 26-month appear to reduce age-related decline in cardiovascular fitness and glucose control and improve leg bone mineral density, suggesting that long-term participation in floorball training can be considered as a health-enhancing activity in recreationally active male elderly.
基金the financial support from Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences,Iran
文摘This study reports the successful so nochemical synthesis of novel Fe3O4/SiO2/ZnO-Pr6O11(Fe/Si/Zn-Pr6O11) nanocomposites using fructose as a green capping agent.The influence of various parameters containing capping agent,power and time of ultrasound irradiation was investigated to reach optimum morphology and size conditions.The products obtained were characterized by transmission electron microscopy(TEM),UV/Vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy(DRS),Fourier transform infrared spectra(FT-IR),vibration sample magnetometer(VSM),scanning electron microscopy(SEM),energy dispersive X-ray microanalysis(EDS) and X-ray diffraction(XRD).The Fe3O4/SiO2/ZnO-Pr6O11 nanocomposites display remarkably enhanced photocatalytic activity towards rhodamine b degradation(89.6%)and Congo red(84.7%) under UV irradiation compared with the other products.The results illustrate that the photocatalytic efficiency of magnetic nanocomposites is very much higher than pure Pr6O11nanostructures.Magnetic photocatalyst still has good stability after five successive runs.So,these recyclable nanocomposites can play a role in the treatment of both industrial and domestic contaminated water.
文摘The aim of this study was to determine the effect of electrocoagulation technology using iron electrodes on phenol removal in aqueous solutions. The removal of phenol was investigated in terms of various parameters, namely, current density, phenol and NaCl concentration, pH, and alginic acid concentration. The results showed that the removal efficiency of phenol increased with increasing the current density, pH and NaCl concentration, whereas it was inversely associated with initial concentration of phenol and alginic acid concentration. According to the results, electrocoagulation is a promising process for treatment of wastewater containing high concentration of phenol.
基金supported in part by MEXT-Supported Program for the Strategic Research Foundation at Private Universities(S1201007)Grant-in-aid from MEXT Japan(24614018)
文摘Schistosoma japonicum, once endemic all the East Asia, remains as a serious public health problem in certain regions. Ectopic egg embryonation in the liver causes granulomatosis and eventually fatal cirrhosis, so that prevention of this process is one of the keys to reduce its mortality. The embryonation requires cholesteryl ester from HDL of the host blood for egg yolk formation, and this reaction is impaired from the abnormal large HDL in genetic cholesteryl ester transfer protein （CETP） deficiency. When CETP was expressed in mice that otherwise lack this protein, granulomatosis of the liver was shown increased compared to the wild type upon infec- tion of Schistosoma japonicum. The CETP deficiencies accumulated exclusively in East Asia, from Indochina to Siberia, so that Shistosomiasis can be a screening factor for this accumulation. CD36 related protein （CD36RP） was identified as a protein for this reaction, cloned from the cDNA library of Schistosoma japonicum with 1880-bp encoding 506 amino acids. The antibody against the extracellular loop of CD36RP inhibited cholesteryl ester uptake from HDL and suppressed egg embryonation in culture. Therefore, inhibition of CETP is a potential approach to prevent liver granulomatosis and thereby fatal liver cirrhosis in the infection of Schistosoma japonicum.
文摘Objective To assess the efficiency and safety of a novel sodium-glucose co-transporter 2(SGLT2) inhibitor—SGLT2 inhibitors,in combination with insulin for type 1 diabetes mellitus(T1DM). Methods We searched Medline,Embase,and the Cochrane Collaboration Library to identify the eligible studies published between January 2010 and July 2016 without restriction of language. The Food and Drug Administration(FDA) data and Clinical Trials(http://www.clinicaltrials.gov) were also searched. The included studies met the following criteria:randomized controlled trials; T1DM patients aged between 18 and 65 years old; patients were treated with insulin plus SGLT2 inhibitors for more than 2 weeks; patients' glycosylated hemoglobin(HbA1c) levels were between 7% and 12%. The SGLT2 inhibitors group was treated with SGLT2 inhibitors plus insulin,and the placebo group received placebo plus insulin treatment. The outcomes should include one of the following items:fasting blood glucose,HbA1c,glycosuria,or adverse effects. Data were analyzed by two physicians independently. The risk of bias was evaluated by using the Cochrane Collaboration's Risk of Bias tool and heterogeneity among studies was assessed using Chi-square test. Random effect model was used to analyze the treatment effects with Revman 5.3. Results Three trials including 178 patients were enrolled. As compared to the placebo group,SGLT2 inhibitor absolutely decreased fasting blood glucose [mean differences(MD)-2.47 mmol/L,95% confidence interval(CI)-3.65 to-1.28,P<0.001] and insulin dosage(standardized MD-0.75 U,95%CI-1.17 to-0.33,P<0.001). SGLT2 inhibitors could also increase the excretion of urine glucose(MD 131.09 g/24 h,95%CI 91.79 to 170.39,P<0.001). There were no significant differences in the incidences of hyperglycemia [odds ratio(OR) 1.82,95%CI 0.63 to 5.29,P=0.27],urinary tract infection(OR 0.95,95%CI 0.19 to 4.85,P=0.95),genital tract infection(OR 0.27,95%CI 0.01 to 7.19,P=0.43),and diabetic ketoacidosis(OR 6.03,95%CI 0.27 to 135.99,P=0.26) between the two groups. Conclusion SGLT2 inhibitors combined with insulin might be an efficient and safe treatment modality for T1DM patients.
基金supported by Banco Santander/Totta(Portugal)through the fellowship BID/ICI-FCS/CICS/Santander UniversidadesUBI/2017by Foundation for Science and Technology(FCT)through the fellowship SFRH/BD/136028/2018+3 种基金by FEDER funds through the POCI-COMPETE 2020-Operational Program Competitiveness and Internationalization in Axis I(Project No.POCI-01-0145FEDER-007491)National Funds by FCT(Project No.UIDB/00709/2020and Project No.UIDP/00709/2020)the support provided by FEDER funds through the“Programa Operacional do Centro”(Project No.CENTRO-010145-FEDER-000013)。
文摘The new antiepileptic drugs perampanel,retigabine,rufinamide and stiripentol have been recently approved for different epilepsy types.Being them an innovation in the antiepileptics armamentarium,a lot of investigations regarding their pharmacological properties are yet to be performed.Besides,considering their broad anticonvulsant activities,an extension of their therapeutic indications may be worthy of investigation,especially regarding other seizure types as well as other central nervous system disorders.Although different liquid chromatographic(LC)methods coupled with ultraviolet,fluorescence,mass or tandem-mass spectrometry detection have already been developed for the determination of perampanel,retigabine,rufinamide and stiripentol,new and more cost-effective methods are yet required.Therefore,this review summarizes the main analytical aspects regarding the liquid chromatographic methods developed for the analysis of perampanel,retigabine(and its main active metabolite),rufinamide and stiripentol in biological samples and pharmaceutical dosage forms.Furthermore,the physicochemical and stability properties of the target compounds will also be addressed.Thus,this review gathers,for the first time,important background information on LC methods that have been developed and applied for the determination of perampanel,retigabine,rufinamide and stiripentol,which should be considered as a starting point if new(bio)analytical techniques are aimed to be implemented for these drugs.
基金Supported by the National Cancer Institute,No.CA170357the Mayo Clinic Center for Cell Signaling in Gastroenterology,NIDDK Mo.P30DK084567
文摘AIM To determine the frequency and risk factors for colorectal cancer(CRC) development among individuals with resected advanced adenoma(AA)/traditional serrated adenoma(TSA)/advanced sessile serrated adenoma(ASSA). METHODS Data was collected from medical records of 14663 subjects found to have AA, TSA, or ASSA at screening or surveillance colonoscopy. Patients with inflammatory bowel disease or known genetic predisposition for CRC were excluded from the study. Factors associated with CRC developing after endoscopic management of high risk polyps were calculated in 4610 such patients who had at least one surveillance colonoscopy within 10 years following the original polypectomy of the incident advanced polyp. RESULTS84/4610(1.8%) patients developed CRC at the polypectomy site within a median of 4.2 years(mean 4.89 years), and 1.2%(54/4610) developed CRC in a region distinct from the AA/TSA/ASSA resection site within a median of 5.1 years(mean 6.67 years). Approximately, 30%(25/84) of patients who developed CRC at the AA/TSA/ASSA site and 27.8%(15/54) of patients who developed CRC at another site had colonoscopy at recommended surveillance intervals. Increasing age; polyp size; male sex; right-sided location; high degree of dysplasia; higher number of polyps resected; and piecemeal removal were associated with an increased risk for CRC developmentat the same site as the index polyp. Increasing age; right-sided location; higher number of polyps resected and sessile endoscopic appearance of the index AA/TSA/ASSA were significantly associated with an increased risk for CRC development at a different site. CONCLUSION Recognition that CRC may develop following AA/TSA/ASSA removal is one step toward improving our practice efficiency and preventing a portion of CRC related morbidity and mortality.
文摘Objective:To determine the seroprevalance of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-Co V-2)antibodies in the general population of Mazandaran province in Iran and to estimate the percentage of asymptomatic,mild,and severe infections.Methods:We chose 1588 inhabitants of Mazandaran province with cluster sampling.We measured their SARS-Co V-2 immunoglobulin M(Ig M)and immunoglobulin G(Ig G)serum levels.Demographics,risk factors,and symptoms were collected.The seroprevalence of SARS-Co V-2 was calculated by age and city and the World Health Organization(WHO)protocol and further stratified by demographic variables and risk factors.Finally,we identified the symptoms and factors related to COVID-19 with logistic regression.Results:Two hundred subjects(12.59%)were tested positive for either Ig G or Ig M.Until May 23,2020,the prevalence of COVID-19 was 15.26%(95%CI:12.97%-17.79%)based on direct standardization and WHO’s standardized age groups.Based on multivariate logistic regression,the incidence of getting an infection increased by an average of 11.6%for every 10-year increase in age(OR=1.116,95%CI:1.008-1.236,P=0.035).Furthermore,those in contact with COVID-19 patients had a 66.1%higher risk of developing the disease(OR=1.661,95%CI:1.104-2.497,P=0.015).In addition,the chance of getting SARS-Co V-2 infection was almost four times higher in people who had consulted a doctor during the pandemic than those who had not(OR=3.942,95%CI:2.813-5.524,P<0.001).Conclusions:The prevalence of COVID-19 in Mazandaran province could be higher than the officially reported statistics based on diagnostic tests and clinical cases.There seems to be more asymptomatic or mild symptom cases than what was previously reported.
文摘The prevalence of coronary artery disease (CAD) is increasing in Iran. Patients with depression who have a myocardial infarction are more likely to die and patients who have depressive symptoms during hospitalization may have increased cardiovascular events. This study aimed to determine the relationship between anxiety, depression and coronary artery disease among patients undergoing angiography in Ghaem Hospital, Mashhad. This was a case-control study conducted between September 2011 and August 2012 among patients undergoing coronary angiography in Ghaem Hospital, Mashhad, Iran. There were 486 cases that were found to have one or more coronary stenoses, with a stenosis of equal or more than 50% of the diameter of at least one major coronary artery. The other patient group consisted of the patients in whom the coronary artery stenosis was less than 50% in diameter which was classified as angiography negative, and a control group that consisted of 440 healthy adults aged 18 years old and above who were selected among people who attended for routine medical checkup and medical examination of employment. The dependent variables were Beck Anxiety and Depression Inventory scores and the independent factors were coronary artery disease, and socioeconomic profiles. Validated and reliability-tested questionnaires were used for data collection. The mean age of patients was 55.75 ± 10.64 years and in the healthy group was 55.83 ± 8.55 years;there was no significant difference in age between subject groups (p = 0.897) nor a significant difference in the gender frequency distribution of subjects (p = 0.610). There was a significant difference in anxiety score between the Angio positive and Angio negative patients and healthy control subjects
基金supported by the Programa Nacional de Innovación para la Competitividad y Productividad(Innóvate Perú)under the contract 116-PNICP-PIAP-2015
文摘Cat scratch's disease caused by Bartonella henselae,is known to be a self-limited benign process in immunocompetent children.The association with neurologic manifestations is very uncommon especially in patient with no immunologic defects and in cases without specific treatment.A 7 years old male patient,without any immunocromised defect,presented an atypic presentation of the cat scratch disease.The patient came to the hospital in two opportunities in a status epilepticus,in both cases the diagnosis was encephalitis by Bartonella henselae and the evolution with treatment was monitored with PCR(polymerase chain reaction)in cerebrospinal fluid and blood,as well as IFI(IgM,IgG)serology(indirect immunofluorescence).The patient had a favorable clinical and laboratory evolution for 6 months showing no recurrence of the disease.
文摘The efficacy of first-and second-line Helicobacter pylori(H.pylori)eradication regimens varies considerably in West Asian countries,mainly due to the variable prevalence of resistant organisms.However,no review article has yet evaluated and compared the efficacy of different regimens among different countries of this region.Therefore,we conducted a review to select the best options and provide recommendations for H.pylori treatment in this geographic region.A search through PubMed was carried out to obtain relevant randomized clinical trials published in English language up to June2013.According to the results,among different therapeutic regimens used as the first-line protocols,10-d Bismuth-Furazolidone/Metronidazole quadruple therapy,14-d Clarithromycin-containing hybrid therapy and 14-d quadruple therapy including a proton pump inhibitor +Bismuth+Tetracycline(500 mg QID)+Metronidazole(500 mg TDS)seemed to be appropriate options.Among second-line therapeutic regimens,Bismuthbased quadruple therapies containing Tetracycline and Furazolidone/Metronidazole,triple therapy containing Amoxicillin and Gatifloxacin and Quadruple therapy including Bismuth+Azithromycin and Ofloxacin seemed to be effective options.Third-line therapies were not evaluated in West Asia;most guidelines,however,recommend choosing optimal eradication regimen according to the pattern of antibiotic susceptibility of H.pylori.Although we limited our investigation to H.pylori eradication regimens in West Asia,the clinical significance of the results goes beyond the countries situated in this geographic region.In fact,the results are transferrable to any region as long as the patterns of resistance are the same.
文摘Saccharomyces cerevisiae (baker’s yeast) is the most important industrial microorganisms. This yeast is commonly used as a leavening agent in baking bread and bakery products, where it produces carbon dioxide from converting of the fermentable sugars present in the dough. Nowadays, industrial and chemical activities led to produce new compounds with new kinds of contamination in the environment. Discharge of untreated or partially treated industrial sewage has created the contamination problems of rivers and lakes such as drugs, oil, heavy metals, paints, pesticides and various chemical compounds in them. Hence, it is necessary to control and reduce the levels of these compounds in wastewater and bring them to permissible values. This study aims to study the bioconversion potential of commonly available Saccharomyces cerevisiae for the two textile dyes of Carmoisine and Reactive Black 5. Reaction mixtures for biotransformation of dyes included 50 mg/l Carmoisine or 25 mg/l Reactive Black 5 and 1% dried harvested cells of S. cerevisiae (bread’s yeast) were tested. Harvested dry and wet yeast were studied for this purpose. The results show that harvested cells of Saccharomyces cerevisiae are able to bioconvert Carmoisine and Reactive Black 5. Reactive Black 5, Carmoisine are degraded by biotransformation 85% and 53% within 24 hours in water at the room temperature.
基金a part of project that was financially supported by School of Public Health,Tehran University of Medical sciences(TUMS),(Proj.No.95-02-27-31419)the center for research and training in skin diseases and leprosy.
文摘Objective:To investigate Phlebotomus(P.)sergenti Parrot,1917(Diptera:Psychodidae)salivary gland antigens and their immune response in human.Methods:Human volunteers were exposed to sand flies’bites in the laboratory,and following each exposure the size of induration was recorded.The mean protein concentration of salivary gland lysate and specific anti-P.sergenti saliva IgG was measured.Sand fly salivary proteins were separated by SDS-PAGE and their immunoreactivity was examined by Western blotting assays.Results:Individuals exposed to P.sergenti salivary gland lysate for 8 months showed both antibody and delayed type hypersensitivity responses,although exposure for one month did not provoke any immune responses.The trend of antibody fluctuated during the exposure time and dropped by the end of antigen loading.The mean protein content was(0.36±0.08)μg in each pair salivary glands.Salivary gland lysate showed 11 to 12 major protein bands and 3 to 6 of them were immunoreactive.Conclusions:Our study showed that the salivary gland components of P.sergenti provoked both cellular and humoral immune responses in human.Furthermore,there are some immunogenic proteins in P.sergenti saliva which could be subjected for further investigation as vector-based vaccine candidate/s against anthroponotic cutaneous leishmaniasis.
文摘Obesity has become a major global health challenge and it is a risk factor for the development of several comorbid conditions. Additionally, obesity has considerable economic consequences. Obesity is a multifactorial condition that arises from independent influences of genetic and social-environmental factors on food intake and physical activity. It has been difficult to establish clear associations between weight status and the intake of single foods or food groups. In most people, the predisposition to obesity has a polygenic basis, which means that obesity will develop if an individual has several polygenic variants that increase body weight. The FTO gene was the first GWAS-identified obesity-susceptibility gene and since then other polygenic variants that are associated with BMI and dietary intake have also been identified. However, this is still an active area of research as more polygenetic variants await discovery.
基金Supported by National Foundation for Development of Private Higher Education Institutions(FUNADESP)/University Pitagoras UNOPAR,No.049/15.
文摘BACKGROUND Low vitamin D levels are associated with a more severe case of knee osteoarthritis(OA).However,there are few published reports concerning an association between vitamin D deficiency and functional status of individuals with OA and no reports about postural balance in this population.AIM To analyze the relationship between vitamin D deficiency and severity,functional status,and balance in elderly patients with OA.METHODS In this cross-sectional study,105 elderly patients with hip and knee OA were included.The severity was assessed by the Kellgren-Lawrence criteria.The functional status was assessed with the Lequesne index.Postural balance was assessed using a force platform,and center-of-pressure parameters(velocity at anteroposterior and mediolateral axis)were used as the balance outcomes.Serum 25(OH)vitamin D levels were measured using a chemiluminescence method.RESULTS Most of the patients(mean age:70.6±6.5 years)were female(n=78,74.3%).In the group with vitamin D deficiency,43 patients(56.6%)had severe OA,while 33 patients(43.4%)had mild or moderate OA(χ^(2) test,P=0.04).Patients with vitamin D deficiency showed a higher Lequesne index score(Mann-Whitney test,P=0.04),indicating a worse functional impairment when compared to individuals with normal vitamin D levels.Additionally,patients with vitamin D deficiency had worse postural balance according to the Mann-Whitney test(P=0.03).CONCLUSION Vitamin D deficiency is associated with worse severity,functional status,and postural balance in patients with OA.
基金The study procedure was approved by the Medical Ethics Committee of Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences[date:23 June 2021,ID:IR.MAZUMS.REC.1400.250].Consent to participate is not applicable for this study.
文摘Background The implementation of social innovations for addressing societal challenges,particularly in health,lev-erages community participation and technology to optimally meet social needs compared to traditional approaches.A key feature of these innovations is their ability to utilize existing capacities for contributing to resolving infectious disease outbreaks,which has attracted significant attention from health organizations.Given the potential of these innovations,this study has investigated social innovations in the prevention and control of infectious diseases as one of the major global challenges in the form of a comprehensive literature review.Methods This review study examined the relevant literature from January 1,2010 to December 31,2022.Based on inclusion and exclusion criteria,50 documents were retained and fully examined.The documents were analyzed by applying a thematic analysis,and important content related to the application of social innovations for the preven-tion and control of pandemic infectious diseases was extracted using a data collection form.Results Five major themes concerning social innovation in the prevention and control of epidemic diseases were discerned as follows:new products,novel processes and policies,empowerment,innovative practices and behaviors,and community engagement.New products include technological products for control and management of epidem-ics,preventive products,diagnostic and therapeutic products.Novel processes and policies are related to reorienting and reorganizing care methods,control and monitoring policies,participatory and creative strategies.Empower-ment is focused on enhancing the capabilities of health workers,community leaders,and communities.Innovative practices and behaviors involve technology-based participation and support mechanisms.Community engagement is related to awareness,consultation,community mobilization,and participation in production and support.Conclusions During the outbreak of infectious diseases,governments are faced with many challenges,includ-ing health,economic and social challenges.To answer these challenges,tools should be used that have the ability to answer the problem from several aspects.Social innovation as an appropriate process in response to health crises has led to new forms of relationships and empowered the communities.And to promote public health,it provides the opportunity for all members of the society to participate in crisis resolution and optimal use of resources.
基金supported by the King Abdullah International Medical Research Center(KAIMRC)Sauid Arabia:Grant NRC23R/746/11.
文摘The field of molecular charge transfer cocrystals(CTCs)has advanced rapidly in recent years,with much work focused on their use in optoelectronic devices,photoacoustic imaging,photothermal therapy(PTT),opticalwaveguides,seawater desalination,and more.Organic photothermal CTCs are of particular interest because of their unique phototherapeutic effects in phototherapy and their remarkable imaging capabilities in fluorescence,magnetic resonance,and photoacoustic imaging,further enhancing their significance in medical applications.However,the use of photothermal CTCs in biomedicine has been limited,with few reported biological applications.Hence,there is a growing interest in CT-derived functional photothermal cocrystals potential contenders for targeted and controlled biomedical applications such as bacteria inhibition,cancer eradication,and tissue regeneration.This review offers insight into the recent advancements in crafting and producing CT-based materials with biomedical attributes.In addition,it outlines the current obstacles and future prospects in this burgeoning research domain,aiming to propel the continued advancement of CT-based biomaterials toward enhanced biomedical utilities.Overall,cocrystal-based near-infrared(NIR)photothermal materials have the potential to revolutionize a wide range of medical and technological applications and are an active area of research in chemistry,materials science,and nanotechnology.
基金Agency for Defense Development,Grant/Award Number:UI220006TDDefense Acquisition Program Administration(DAPA),Grant/Award Number:912765601Korea Institute of Energy Technology Evaluation and Planning,Grant/Award Number:RS-2023-00237035。
文摘Halide perovskite single crystals(SCs)have attracted much attention for their application in high-performance x-ray detectors owing to their desirable properties,including low defect density,high mobility–lifetime product(μτ),and long carrier diffusion length.However,suppressing the inherent defects in perovskites and overcoming the ion migration primarily caused by these defects remains a challenge.This study proposes a facile process for dipping Cs0.05FA0.9MA0.05PbI3 SCs synthesized by a solution-based inverse temperature crystallization method into a 2-phenylethylammonium iodide(PEAI)solution to reduce the number of defects,inhibit ion migration,and increase x-ray sensitivity.Compared to conventional spin coating,this simple dipping process forms a two-dimensional PEA2PbI4 layer on all SC surfaces without further treatment,effectively passivating all surfaces of the inherently defective SCs and minimizing ion migration.As a result,the PEAI-treated perovskite SC-based x-ray detector achieves a record x-ray sensitivity of 1.3×10^(5)μC Gyair^(-1) cm^(-2) with a bias voltage of 30 V at realistic clinical dose rates of 1–5 mGy s^(-1)(peak potential of 110 kVp),which is 6 times more sensitive than an untreated SC-based detector and 3 orders of magnitude more sensitive than a commercialα-Se-based detector.Furthermore,the PEAI-treatedperovskite SC-based x-ray detector exhibits a low detection limit(73 nGy s^(-1)),improved x-ray response,and clear x-ray images by a scanning method,highlighting the effectiveness of the PEAI dipping approach for fabricating next-generation x-ray detectors.
