Background: In the global burden of non-communicable diseases, the top slot among them all is occupied by various cardiovascular diseases (CVD), which also claim primacy in mortality rates. Generally speaking, the pat...Background: In the global burden of non-communicable diseases, the top slot among them all is occupied by various cardiovascular diseases (CVD), which also claim primacy in mortality rates. Generally speaking, the pathophysiological pathway frequently involves either (or a combination of) elevated serum cholesterol levels, predominantly attributed to dietary patterns characterized by extremely high levels of saturated and trans-fat consumption. Day-to-day nutritional epidemiology among university students suggests that they represent a crucial demographic for the study of preventive interventions. Objective: This in-depth study and investigation were specifically aimed to quantitatively assess and compare prevailing patterns of dietary fat consumption between female students enrolled in health sciences and non-health sciences programs at major universities in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Methodology: This cross-sectional study was comprised of 434 Saudi female university students (age range: 18 - 25 years), utilizing a validated Block Dietary Fat Screener accompanied by anthropometric measurements and comprehensive demographic data collection. The sampling methodology consisted of a snowball technique that was spread across three major academic institutions in Riyadh. Results: Statistical analysis revealed a significant association between academic specialization and patterns of dietary fat consumption (p = 0.012). Paradoxically, students of health science exhibited a higher prevalence of very high fat intake (41.9%) compared with their non-health sciences counterparts (27.6%). Surprisingly, anthropometric stratification revealed that it was the underweight students who demonstrated very high levels of fat consumption. A notable socioeconomic gradient was observed, with students from households earning 15,000 - 20,000 SR monthly showing the highest prevalence of very high-fat consumption (47.1%), although this association did not achieve statistical significance (p = 0.104). Conclusion: These findings challenge the conventional assumption that health sciences education correlates with superior dietary behaviors. The data suggests a critical need for enhanced education in nutrition, as well as intervention using various behavioral programs across all academic disciplines, particularly those addressing the disconnect between nutritional knowledge and dietary practices among students of health sciences. Future longitudinal studies are warranted in order to elucidate the temporal relationship between academic specialization and dietary behaviors.展开更多
This article is a case study of an innovative academic health sciences library initiative that describes the planning and events in the inaugural year of a new library research program. In response to emerging trends ...This article is a case study of an innovative academic health sciences library initiative that describes the planning and events in the inaugural year of a new library research program. In response to emerging trends in health sciences libraries to increase research skills of librarians in order to foster expanded research integration within the health sciences disciplines,the University of Michigan Taubman Health Sciences Library established an EXPERT Research Initiative. This new program is part of the strategic planning for the future of the library and is focused on three primary goals： expanding the library＇s research portfolio,building librarians＇ research skills and competencies,and increasing the library＇s research visibility. The article highlights five library projects that illustrate the different kinds of research collaborations librarians are engaged in with health sciences faculty,researchers,clinicians,and students.展开更多
BACKGROUND: Cardiopulmonary resuscitation(CPR) is a life-saving technique which is used after cardiopulmonary arrest. Chance of survival after arrest will increase if it is coupled with sufficient knowledge. Final yea...BACKGROUND: Cardiopulmonary resuscitation(CPR) is a life-saving technique which is used after cardiopulmonary arrest. Chance of survival after arrest will increase if it is coupled with sufficient knowledge. Final year undergraduate health science students and interns manage many trauma and critically ill patients in our hospital. Even though all students took CPR training in undergraduate course, we sometimes saw difficulties in the resuscitation of patients after cardiopulmonary arrest by undergraduate health professionals. This study was to assess the level of knowledge of undergraduate health science students and medical interns about cardiopulmonary resuscitation.METHODS: Hospital based cross-sectional study was conducted from February 1 to March 30, 2013. All undergraduate health professionals were included. The mean score of knowledge was compared for sex, original residence and department of the participants by using Student's t test and ANOVA with Scheffe's test. P values <0.05 were considered statistically significant.RESULTS: Four hundred sixty-one out of 506 students were included in this study with a response rate of 91.1%. The overall mean knowledge score of final year undergraduate health science students and interns was 11.1(SD=0.2). The mean knowledge scores of nurses, interns, health officer, midwifery, anesthesia and psychiatry nursing students were 9.84(SD=2.5), 13.34(SD=2.8), 9.81(SD=3.0), 8.77(SD=2.6), 13.31(SD=2.7) and 8.43(SD=2.4) respectively.CONCLUSIONS: The knowledge level of undergraduate health professionals about cardiopulmonary resuscitation was insufficient. Training about CPR for undergraduate health professionals should be emphasized.展开更多
BACKGROUND The features of gastric cancer based on the anatomic site remain unknown in northern China patients.AIM To analyze gastric cancer features and associated trends based on the anatomical site in northern Chin...BACKGROUND The features of gastric cancer based on the anatomic site remain unknown in northern China patients.AIM To analyze gastric cancer features and associated trends based on the anatomical site in northern China patients.METHODS This cross-sectional study used incident gastric cancer case data from 10 Peking University-affiliated hospitals(2014 to 2018).The clinical and prevailing local features were analyzed.RESULTS A total of 10709 patients were enrolled,including antral(42.97%),cardia(34.30%),and stomach body(18.41%)gastric cancer cases.Cancer in the cardia had the highest male:female ratio,proportion of elderly patients,and patients with complications,including hypertension,diabetes,cerebrovascular,and coronary diseases(P<0.001).gastric cancer involving the antrum showed the lowest proportion of patients from rural areas and accounted for the highest hospitalization rate and cost(each P<0.001).The proportion of patients with cancer involving the cardia increased with an increase in the number of gastroesophageal reflux disease cases during the same period(P<0.001).Multivariate analysis revealed that tumor location in the cardia increased the risk of inhospital mortality(P=0.046).Anatomical subsite was not linked to postoperative complications.CONCLUSION The features of gastric cancer based on the anatomical site differ between northern China and other regions,both globally and within the country.Social factors may account for these differences and should affect policy-making and clinical practice.展开更多
AIM: To investigate the influence of ethnicity in social anxiety disorder(SAD), and the relationship with symptom severity, depression and substance use or abuse, in health sciences' students.METHODS: This was a c...AIM: To investigate the influence of ethnicity in social anxiety disorder(SAD), and the relationship with symptom severity, depression and substance use or abuse, in health sciences' students.METHODS: This was a cross-sectional survey of 112 1st, 2nd and 3rd year students from the Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences at Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa. The self-reported Social Anxiety Spectrum questionnaire was used to assess for SAD. The Social Phobia Inventory(SPIN) was adapted to a version called the E-SPIN(Ethnic-SPIN) in order to evaluate the effects of ethnicity. Two sub-questions per stem question were included to assess whether SAD symptoms in social interactions were ethnicity dependent. Substance use was assessed with the Alcohol UseDisorders Identification Test and Drug Use Disorders Identification Test, and depression with the Centre for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale.RESULTS: Of 112 students who completed the E-SPIN questionnaire, 54.4%(n = 61) met criteria for SAD, with significantly more females than males meeting criteria. Ethnicity had a significant effect on SAD symptomatology, but there was no effect of ethnicity on the rates of drug and alcohol abuse in students with and without SAD. Overall significantly more students with SAD met criteria for depression compared with students without the disorder. CONCLUSION: Among university students, SAD is prevalent regardless of whether interactions are with individuals of the same or different ethnic group. However, ethnicity may be an important determinant of social anxiety for some ethnic groups. SAD was significantly associated with major depression but not significantly associated with drug or alcohol abuse.展开更多
To address the ultimate mission to be ＂ a valued partner,fully integrated into the work of the university and providing leadership in knowledge management for education, research, patient care, and community outreach...To address the ultimate mission to be ＂ a valued partner,fully integrated into the work of the university and providing leadership in knowledge management for education, research, patient care, and community outreach＂,the University of Michigan A. Alfred Taubman Health Sciences Library(THL） has transformed from retitling librarians as informationists to shifting from a service to a collaboration focus. Infomationists at THL have spent several years building relationships and expertise to be true partners in curriculum integration and innovation within the health sciences schools and colleges at the University of Michigan and the curricular integration has becoming a constantly evolving process for THL informationists. Current article focus on how THL convert the librarian into informationist and how to make collaborations in curriculum innovation within different departments to furtherly improve the status of THL library in the University.展开更多
Objective:The study aimed to determine the faculty of the health sciences students’knowledge and attitudes regarding the coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)pandemic.Materials and Methods:This cross-sectional survey wa...Objective:The study aimed to determine the faculty of the health sciences students’knowledge and attitudes regarding the coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)pandemic.Materials and Methods:This cross-sectional survey was completed with 317 undergraduate students of one health sciences faculty in Turkey.The data were collected between March 1,2020,and March 15,2020,by face-to-face interviews using a questionnaire created by the researchers.Number,percentage,mean,standard deviation,and Pearson Chi-square test were used to evaluate the data.Results:In this study,a high proportion of students answered questions about COVID-19 correctly.About 55.8%of the students took partial precautions against COVID-19 to protect themselves against COVID-19 and“frequent washing of hands”was the most common precaution.We determined that the main reasons for not taking any precautions against COVID-19 were“low number of cases in Turkey”and“getting irritated by the mask.”About 98.4%of the participants were entirely/partially following the news on COVID-19,with social media being the most commonly used medium.Female students took more protective measures than male students.The 1st-year students had more positive thoughts about vaccination compared to those in the other classes.Conclusions:Although the knowledge of the students about COVID-19 was good in the first wave of the pandemic,more than half of the students stated that they partially complied with the protective measures.展开更多
Objectives: This descriptive study of 219 undergraduate medical students at Patan Academy of Health Sciences in Nepal was conducted to evaluate the relationships of their demographic variables with a health-promoting ...Objectives: This descriptive study of 219 undergraduate medical students at Patan Academy of Health Sciences in Nepal was conducted to evaluate the relationships of their demographic variables with a health-promoting lifestyle profile. Methods: The Health Promoting Lifestyle Profile (HPLP) questionnaire was used to study students’ lifestyles. We compared the HPLP scores according to gender, residence type, school background and year of study. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and multiple comparison test were conducted to identify significant differences among university year (first, second, third and fourth) groups. Multiple regression analysis was used to analyze the effects of various demographics on the overall HPLP score and the six health-promoting lifestyle subscales. Results: The overall HPLP mean score of participants was 2.60 ± 0.29, with the highest mean scores being for spiritual growth (2.99 ± 0.42) and interpersonal relations (2.90 ± 0.35), and the lowest mean scores being for health responsibility (2.39 ± 0.39) and physical activity (2.25 ± 0.54), respectively. The overall HPLP score of the students was the highest for the first year students at 2.65 ± 0.26. The male students had a better overall HPLP score, although female students obtained better score in some subscales such as health responsibility, interpersonal relations and nutrition. The students from a public school background had significantly higher scores for health responsibility, physical activity and stress management than those who graduated school level education from a private school. Conclusions: The results of this study reveal that the status of health promoting behaviors among the students was acceptable with ample room for improvement. Implementation of health education and promotion programs with an emphasis on the different dimensions of health lifestyle behaviors is recommended.展开更多
Background: Competency assessment has a key role in the assurance of quality professionals in every discipline. Competency assessment is a method by which we can verify that our employees are competent to perform task...Background: Competency assessment has a key role in the assurance of quality professionals in every discipline. Competency assessment is a method by which we can verify that our employees are competent to perform tasks timely. To derive the greatest benefit from the application of competency assessment in the health professionals, we must be sure that we are addressing areas where our efforts are utilized to optimize the patient care. There is no research done on the competency assessment so far except the report send by Technical Vocational and Educational Training. Objectives: To assess knowledge, attitude and practice of health professionals towards competency assessment and factors were associated with competencies at Debre Birhan Health Science College, 2013. Methods: A facility based cross sectional study was conducted using interview technique. Study participants were all students taking competency assessment in all departments at Debre Berhan Health Science College in two rounds. The percentage of participants who were competent was computed. Factors associated with competency were assessed using bivariate and multivariable logistic regression. Results: Among the total participants (n = 287), (57.8 percent) were female. Among the (n = 287) study participants, 226 (78.7%) were competent. Of these, 88.5% of the candidates were learned at governmental institution. Predictors of competency were department of the respondent AOR [95%];0.05 [0.01, 0.45], expectation of the results [AOR (95% CI) = 0.13 (0.02, 0.85)], number of competency taken [AOR (95% CI) = 0.11 (0.01, 0.88)] and candidates’ knowledge of their right and obligations AOR [95%];3.7 [1.3, 10.3]. Conclusions: Significant numbers of candidates were not yet competent due to various factors at different level. Therefore, comprehensive work should be done on the instructors, students and the center to make the candidates competent.展开更多
Introduction: Refractive error is recognized as one of the most important causes of correctable visual impairment and affects people of all ages, socioeconomic levels, and ethnic groups. The World Health Organization ...Introduction: Refractive error is recognized as one of the most important causes of correctable visual impairment and affects people of all ages, socioeconomic levels, and ethnic groups. The World Health Organization (WHO) estimated 285 million people globally were visually impaired, with 39 million blinds. The aim of this study is to access the knowledge, attitudes, and practices of health sciences students about the refractive error in Nampula, Mozambique. Material and Methods: Descriptive cross-sectional study including health sciences students of Lúrio University in Nampula, applying a questionnaire to access their knowledge, attitudes, and practices concerning the refractive error. The collected data were entered into SPSS version 22.0 for analysis. Frequency distribution and central tendency measures (mean, median) were used to summarize the descriptive part of the study. Results were described using tables and running text. Sample students were included after obtaining informed consent. Results: A total of 298 students participated in the study, 50.3% female, with average age of 24 ± 5.4 years. 69.8% had an eye exam and 54.7% believe they have good vision, 58.1% say that wearing glasses is the main method of correcting refractive errors. 92.3% refer to the Central Hospital as the best place to provide eye health services. The main reason for not purchasing the glasses was their cost (47.3%) and the alternative method for spectacle users was contact lenses (81.0%). The students’ attitudes were positive towards the use of glasses. Conclusion: Visual health education about the knowledge, attitudes and practices regarding refractive errors among students must be intensified to ensure good dissemination of information in the surrounding communities enrolled in the health promotion program “One Student, One Family” implemented by Lúrio University in Nampula.展开更多
The 2nd Natural Product Synthesis-Young Investigator Forum(NPS-YIF)was held in Peking University Health Science Cen-ter,on June 16–19,2013,Beijing,China.The forum was hosted by the Division of Organic Chemistry,Chine...The 2nd Natural Product Synthesis-Young Investigator Forum(NPS-YIF)was held in Peking University Health Science Cen-ter,on June 16–19,2013,Beijing,China.The forum was hosted by the Division of Organic Chemistry,Chinese Chemical Society,organized by the State Key Laboratory ofNatural and Biomimetic Drugs,School of Pharmaceutical Sciences,Peking University.In the symposiums,five domestic specialistsin natural product synthesis were invited to give plenary lectures,and 16 young investigators delivered excellent invited lectures.There were more than 60 distinguished young scholars from famous universities and research institutes and nearly 60 graduatestudents attended the event.展开更多
The purpose of this research is to integrate artificial intelligence(AI)in Bloom’s Taxonomy with the aim of improving critical thinking in health science education.Innovative teaching approaches will be employed for ...The purpose of this research is to integrate artificial intelligence(AI)in Bloom’s Taxonomy with the aim of improving critical thinking in health science education.Innovative teaching approaches will be employed for the broad spectrum of students;integrating AI across all levels of Bloom’s processes-from production,comprehen-sion,application,clinical case scenario harbingers,dynamic information delivery,and interactive teaching.Mixed-method design comprising both the quantitative(survey based analysis)and the qualitative(far-reaching theoretical framework and case studies review)methodologies was used in the current study.A structured survey was administered to collect data on the AI pattern,efficacy,and frequency of usage among 181 health sciences students.Case studies in practice were also used to serve as evidence of AI’s role in medical training:from clinician-initiated simulations to AI-powered assessment tools.The data analysis approaches included descriptive statistics,correlation heat maps,and comparative analysis between AI-assisted teaching and standard teaching.It is concluded that such engagement of the use of AI makes for engagement and deep learning but requires strong institution-wide foundations and ethical frameworks,and measures of growth against institutional preparedness and of having a very rich ethical framework for risk management are still lacking.Hence,the study recommends that balancing technology with ethics would be needed in AI integration and proposes future studies to address gaps in teacher training,institution preparedness,and ethical consideration.展开更多
Objectives:Healthcare students experience significant stress due to their rigorous graduate school curricula.These levels of stress are associated with higher risks of depression,self-harm,and exhaustion.Coping interv...Objectives:Healthcare students experience significant stress due to their rigorous graduate school curricula.These levels of stress are associated with higher risks of depression,self-harm,and exhaustion.Coping interventions have been shown to help students develop healthy stress coping strategies.The purpose of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to examine the diverse array of coping interventions and what characteristics of coping interventions were most effective at decreasing stress among healthcare students.Methods:Any intervention designed to address coping for academic stress was included among medical,dental,nursing,physician assistant,allied health,veterinary,psychology,etc.students.A comprehensive literature search was completed to include multiple databases,Ancestry,and hand-searching from EBSCO and Google Scholar articles.A final total of 17 studies were included.Standardized mean difference effect sizes(ES)were synthesized across studies using a random-effects model in the Comprehensive Meta-Analysis Software for changes in coping levels in healthcare students.Moderator analyses were performed to explore the study,intervention,and participants’characteristics.The risk of bias was assessed by RoB2 and ROBINS-I.Results:Coping interventions significantly reduced stress outcomes among healthcare students(d=0.74;95%CI[0.48–1.01],95%PI[−0.41–1.90],p<0.001,Q=228.49,I^(2)=93.0%,T=0.52,T^(2)=0.28,p<0.001).Moderator analysis showed that interventions with stress education,established professional guidance,and fewer hours led to better stress management outcomes.Conclusions:This study demonstrates that coping interventions produce an overall moderate-to-large effect on stress reduction.Future research investigating coping interventions on academic and long-term outcomes would be beneficial.展开更多
Healthy life expectancy is a pivotal measure of population health by integrating both life expectancy and the quality of years lived.A significant increase in life expectancy was evident in most populations during the...Healthy life expectancy is a pivotal measure of population health by integrating both life expectancy and the quality of years lived.A significant increase in life expectancy was evident in most populations during the past decades worldwide[1],but the growth in healthy life expectancy has generally lagged behind[2].China has made substantial strides in enhancing both life expectancy and healthy life expectancy.展开更多
BACKGROUND Intimate partner violence(IPV)is a major public health concern linked to psychiatric and physical morbidity.However,evidence from East Asia,particularly from registry-based and sex-inclusive analyses,remain...BACKGROUND Intimate partner violence(IPV)is a major public health concern linked to psychiatric and physical morbidity.However,evidence from East Asia,particularly from registry-based and sex-inclusive analyses,remains limited.We hypothesized that IPV survivors would have elevated risks of psychiatric disorders and stressrelated physical conditions.AIM To assess psychiatric and physical health risks following IPV exposure in Taiwan region of China.METHODS We conducted a nationwide,registry-based case control study using data from Taiwan’s Health and Welfare Data Science Center.Adults aged 18-64 years with a first IPV report in 2019(n=43393)were matched 1:1 by sex and age to controls.Incident diagnoses within 1 year were identified from claims data.Conditional logistic regression was used to estimate adjusted odds ratios(AORs).RESULTS Compared to controls,IPV survivors had higher risks of depressive disorders[AOR=4.18,95%confidence interval(CI):3.78-4.60,P<0.001],bipolar disorder(AOR=4.81,95%CI:3.83-6.10,P<0.001),schizophrenia(AOR=1.75,95%CI:1.46-2.10,P<0.001),and alcohol/substance use disorders(AOR=5.98,95%CI:2.21-8.50,P<0.001).The risk of asthma was modestly elevated(AOR=1.31,95%CI:1.08-1.60,P=0.006).No significant association was observed for irritable bowel syndrome(P=0.94).CONCLUSION IPV survivors in Taiwan face substantially increased psychiatric risk and a modestly elevated risk of asthma,warranting early screening and integrated mental and physical health care.展开更多
Background: We monitored changes in salivary creatine pre-and post-high-intensity exercise in young adults while also investigating the potential correlation between salivary and serum creatine levels.Method: Saliva a...Background: We monitored changes in salivary creatine pre-and post-high-intensity exercise in young adults while also investigating the potential correlation between salivary and serum creatine levels.Method: Saliva and serum samples were collected before and immediately after an incremental running-toexhaustion treadmill test in fifteen young adults(mean age [23.9 ± 2.9] years, eight females), with samples analyzed for guanidinoacetic acid, creatine, and creatinine using a liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry method.Results: Following exercise, there was a substantial elevation in salivary creatine levels from(17.5 ± 14.2)μmol·L^(-1) to(43.6 ± 30.4) μmol·L^(-1)(p < 0.001), coupled with a significant increase in salivary creatinine from(11.3 ± 5.8) μmol·L^(-1) to(17.0 ± 9.3) μmol·L^(-1)(p = 0.04). In contrast, serum creatine levels were unaffected by exercise(p = 0.80), while creatinine levels exhibited a strong tendency to decrease post-exercise(from [81.8 ±17.5] μmol·L^(-1) to [73.1 ± 11.6] μmol·L^(-1);p = 0.06). A comparison of the slopes of the two regression lines(saliva vs. serum) revealed significant differences for both creatine(p = 0.01) and creatinine(p = 0.03).Conclusions: The above findings suggest a potential difference in the dynamics of creatine metabolites in these two bodily fluids, both pre and post-exercise.展开更多
Background:Low relative sit-to-stand(STS)power has emerged as a critical predictor of adverse health outcomes,such as frailty and disability,in older adults.However,its impact on falls,fractures,hospitalizations,and a...Background:Low relative sit-to-stand(STS)power has emerged as a critical predictor of adverse health outcomes,such as frailty and disability,in older adults.However,its impact on falls,fractures,hospitalizations,and all-cause mortality remains unclear.Therefore,this longitudinal study aimed to investigate the potential associations between low relative STS power and these adverse health outcomes in older adults.Methods:A total of 1876 older adults(aged≥65 years,56.4%women)were included from the Toledo Study for Healthy Aging.Relative STS power was assessed using the 30-s STS test and the Alcazar equation.Participants were categorized as having low relative STS power based on previously established cut-off points(2.53 W/kg for men and 2.01 W/kg for women).Falls and fractures(hip and all-type)within the previous year were recorded.Hospitalizations and all-cause mortality were obtained during a follow-up of 6.8±3.1 years(mean±SD;median=7.8 years;interquartile range:3.9-10.1 years)and 9.7±3.5 years(median=10.9 years;interquartile range:8.2-12.5 years),respectively.Generalized linear mixed models,binary logistic regression,and proportional hazards regression adjusted for age,educational level,and comorbidities were used.Results:In men,low relative STS power was significantly associated with an increased likelihood of history of falls(odds ratio(OR)=1.73,95%confidence interval(95%CI):1.08-2.75,p=0.022)and all-type fractures(OR=1.86,95%CI:1.21-2.84,p=0.004)in the previous year.In women,low relative STS power was associated with a higher probability of hip fractures within the previous year(OR=3.25,95%CI:1.07-9.86,p=0.038).Low relative STS power predicted hospitalizations in women(hazard ratio(HR)=1.29,95%CI:1.06-1.58,p=0.012)and longer hospital stays in both men(p=0.020)and women(p=0.033).Low relative STS power significantly increased all-cause mortality in both men(HR=1.57,95%CI:1.26-1.97,p<0.001)and women(HR=2.04,95%CI:1.51-2.74,p<0.001).Conclusion:Low relative STS power was associated with history of hip fractures in women,whereas in men it was associated with history of falls and all-type fractures.Low relative STS power predicted hospitalizations in women but not in men.In both men and women,low relative STS power was associated with longer hospital stays and increased risk of all-cause mortality.展开更多
Overweight and obesity are significant public health concerns worldwide due to their association with many chronic health conditions.This has resulted in the development of various interventions focused on weight loss...Overweight and obesity are significant public health concerns worldwide due to their association with many chronic health conditions.This has resulted in the development of various interventions focused on weight loss to reduce the associated health burden.Physical activity is an important lifestyle behavior associated with enhanced health.Evidence supports that many of the benefits of physical activity are realized independent of initial weight status or whether weight loss is achieved,with some benefits additive to what is achieved with weight loss alone.These benefits include enhanced cardiometabolic,brain,cognitive and psychological health,and others.Moreover,in adults with overweight or obesity,physical activity has independent effects on cardiorespiratory fitness,muscular strength,physical function,and mobility.There are also benefits to body composition,with physical activity improving the quality of key tissues,such as skeletal muscle,which may not occur with diet-induced weight loss.Therefore,physical activity is an important public health target for adults with overweight or obesity to provide a wide range of health benefits that extend beyond those of weight loss alone.However,physical activity recommendations and programming efforts should consider the unique characteristics of adults with overweight or obesity to be most effective,and should support a focus on mobility,physical function,and other health outcomes.展开更多
Background:Contributing to the innovative behavior of individuals in the health management process is a desirable condition for increased health institution performance.The relationship between the sense of loneliness...Background:Contributing to the innovative behavior of individuals in the health management process is a desirable condition for increased health institution performance.The relationship between the sense of loneliness and individual innovation behaviors has not been studied and relevant literature is extremely limited.The purpose of this research was to examine the effect of an individual's sense of loneliness on their innovative behavior.Methods:The research was performed between January and October 2018.The effects of loneliness feelings on the individual innovative behaviors of 451 health science faculty students were measured.The data were collected using the"Individual Information Form,"the"individual innovation scale,"and the"University of California Los Angeles loneliness scale."The reliability and validity of the scales were tested with Structural Equation Modeling.Results:It was found that the female participants showed exhibited more innovative behavior than the men.However,there was no significant difference in the loneliness status of participants by gender.A group of 23-year-old individuals showed a significant difference in the risk taking dimension compared to other age groups.First-grade students had more points in the experimental openness and opinion leadership sub-dimension than the other classes.It was observed that the behavior is molded as the education level increases.The regression models showed that loneliness has a negative effect of-0.254 on experiential openness and the leadership of ideas,and has a negative effect of-0.216 on risk taking.There was no effect of the sub-dimensions of loneliness on change resistance.Moreover,on the individualistic behavior of physical loneliness,a-0.267 negative effect was observed.Emotional loneliness has no effect on the sub-dimensions of individual innovation.Finally,the total sense of loneliness was found to have a negative effect on total individual innovation.Conclusions:The study results clearly show that physical loneliness has a negative effect on individual innovation.It can be said that individuals living in social environments exhibit more innovative behaviors.However,emotional loneliness has no significant effect on innovative behavior.In this context,designing social spaces in health institutions will stimulate individuals'innovative behaviors.展开更多
In the 1950s, clinical pharmacy emerged in the United States and gradually developed into an indispensable component of the clinical services system, The American College of Clinical Pharmacy defines clinical pharmacy...In the 1950s, clinical pharmacy emerged in the United States and gradually developed into an indispensable component of the clinical services system, The American College of Clinical Pharmacy defines clinical pharmacy as a pharmaceutical field that focuses on the science and practice of rational drug use.展开更多
文摘Background: In the global burden of non-communicable diseases, the top slot among them all is occupied by various cardiovascular diseases (CVD), which also claim primacy in mortality rates. Generally speaking, the pathophysiological pathway frequently involves either (or a combination of) elevated serum cholesterol levels, predominantly attributed to dietary patterns characterized by extremely high levels of saturated and trans-fat consumption. Day-to-day nutritional epidemiology among university students suggests that they represent a crucial demographic for the study of preventive interventions. Objective: This in-depth study and investigation were specifically aimed to quantitatively assess and compare prevailing patterns of dietary fat consumption between female students enrolled in health sciences and non-health sciences programs at major universities in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Methodology: This cross-sectional study was comprised of 434 Saudi female university students (age range: 18 - 25 years), utilizing a validated Block Dietary Fat Screener accompanied by anthropometric measurements and comprehensive demographic data collection. The sampling methodology consisted of a snowball technique that was spread across three major academic institutions in Riyadh. Results: Statistical analysis revealed a significant association between academic specialization and patterns of dietary fat consumption (p = 0.012). Paradoxically, students of health science exhibited a higher prevalence of very high fat intake (41.9%) compared with their non-health sciences counterparts (27.6%). Surprisingly, anthropometric stratification revealed that it was the underweight students who demonstrated very high levels of fat consumption. A notable socioeconomic gradient was observed, with students from households earning 15,000 - 20,000 SR monthly showing the highest prevalence of very high-fat consumption (47.1%), although this association did not achieve statistical significance (p = 0.104). Conclusion: These findings challenge the conventional assumption that health sciences education correlates with superior dietary behaviors. The data suggests a critical need for enhanced education in nutrition, as well as intervention using various behavioral programs across all academic disciplines, particularly those addressing the disconnect between nutritional knowledge and dietary practices among students of health sciences. Future longitudinal studies are warranted in order to elucidate the temporal relationship between academic specialization and dietary behaviors.
文摘This article is a case study of an innovative academic health sciences library initiative that describes the planning and events in the inaugural year of a new library research program. In response to emerging trends in health sciences libraries to increase research skills of librarians in order to foster expanded research integration within the health sciences disciplines,the University of Michigan Taubman Health Sciences Library established an EXPERT Research Initiative. This new program is part of the strategic planning for the future of the library and is focused on three primary goals： expanding the library＇s research portfolio,building librarians＇ research skills and competencies,and increasing the library＇s research visibility. The article highlights five library projects that illustrate the different kinds of research collaborations librarians are engaged in with health sciences faculty,researchers,clinicians,and students.
文摘BACKGROUND: Cardiopulmonary resuscitation(CPR) is a life-saving technique which is used after cardiopulmonary arrest. Chance of survival after arrest will increase if it is coupled with sufficient knowledge. Final year undergraduate health science students and interns manage many trauma and critically ill patients in our hospital. Even though all students took CPR training in undergraduate course, we sometimes saw difficulties in the resuscitation of patients after cardiopulmonary arrest by undergraduate health professionals. This study was to assess the level of knowledge of undergraduate health science students and medical interns about cardiopulmonary resuscitation.METHODS: Hospital based cross-sectional study was conducted from February 1 to March 30, 2013. All undergraduate health professionals were included. The mean score of knowledge was compared for sex, original residence and department of the participants by using Student's t test and ANOVA with Scheffe's test. P values <0.05 were considered statistically significant.RESULTS: Four hundred sixty-one out of 506 students were included in this study with a response rate of 91.1%. The overall mean knowledge score of final year undergraduate health science students and interns was 11.1(SD=0.2). The mean knowledge scores of nurses, interns, health officer, midwifery, anesthesia and psychiatry nursing students were 9.84(SD=2.5), 13.34(SD=2.8), 9.81(SD=3.0), 8.77(SD=2.6), 13.31(SD=2.7) and 8.43(SD=2.4) respectively.CONCLUSIONS: The knowledge level of undergraduate health professionals about cardiopulmonary resuscitation was insufficient. Training about CPR for undergraduate health professionals should be emphasized.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.81972702,No.91959110,and No.62173005reviewed and approved by the Ethics Committee of Peking University Third Hospital(Approval No.IRB00006761-M2019387).
文摘BACKGROUND The features of gastric cancer based on the anatomic site remain unknown in northern China patients.AIM To analyze gastric cancer features and associated trends based on the anatomical site in northern China patients.METHODS This cross-sectional study used incident gastric cancer case data from 10 Peking University-affiliated hospitals(2014 to 2018).The clinical and prevailing local features were analyzed.RESULTS A total of 10709 patients were enrolled,including antral(42.97%),cardia(34.30%),and stomach body(18.41%)gastric cancer cases.Cancer in the cardia had the highest male:female ratio,proportion of elderly patients,and patients with complications,including hypertension,diabetes,cerebrovascular,and coronary diseases(P<0.001).gastric cancer involving the antrum showed the lowest proportion of patients from rural areas and accounted for the highest hospitalization rate and cost(each P<0.001).The proportion of patients with cancer involving the cardia increased with an increase in the number of gastroesophageal reflux disease cases during the same period(P<0.001).Multivariate analysis revealed that tumor location in the cardia increased the risk of inhospital mortality(P=0.046).Anatomical subsite was not linked to postoperative complications.CONCLUSION The features of gastric cancer based on the anatomical site differ between northern China and other regions,both globally and within the country.Social factors may account for these differences and should affect policy-making and clinical practice.
基金Supported by The South African Research Chairs Initiative of the Department of Science and Technology and the National Research Foundation
文摘AIM: To investigate the influence of ethnicity in social anxiety disorder(SAD), and the relationship with symptom severity, depression and substance use or abuse, in health sciences' students.METHODS: This was a cross-sectional survey of 112 1st, 2nd and 3rd year students from the Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences at Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa. The self-reported Social Anxiety Spectrum questionnaire was used to assess for SAD. The Social Phobia Inventory(SPIN) was adapted to a version called the E-SPIN(Ethnic-SPIN) in order to evaluate the effects of ethnicity. Two sub-questions per stem question were included to assess whether SAD symptoms in social interactions were ethnicity dependent. Substance use was assessed with the Alcohol UseDisorders Identification Test and Drug Use Disorders Identification Test, and depression with the Centre for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale.RESULTS: Of 112 students who completed the E-SPIN questionnaire, 54.4%(n = 61) met criteria for SAD, with significantly more females than males meeting criteria. Ethnicity had a significant effect on SAD symptomatology, but there was no effect of ethnicity on the rates of drug and alcohol abuse in students with and without SAD. Overall significantly more students with SAD met criteria for depression compared with students without the disorder. CONCLUSION: Among university students, SAD is prevalent regardless of whether interactions are with individuals of the same or different ethnic group. However, ethnicity may be an important determinant of social anxiety for some ethnic groups. SAD was significantly associated with major depression but not significantly associated with drug or alcohol abuse.
文摘To address the ultimate mission to be ＂ a valued partner,fully integrated into the work of the university and providing leadership in knowledge management for education, research, patient care, and community outreach＂,the University of Michigan A. Alfred Taubman Health Sciences Library(THL） has transformed from retitling librarians as informationists to shifting from a service to a collaboration focus. Infomationists at THL have spent several years building relationships and expertise to be true partners in curriculum integration and innovation within the health sciences schools and colleges at the University of Michigan and the curricular integration has becoming a constantly evolving process for THL informationists. Current article focus on how THL convert the librarian into informationist and how to make collaborations in curriculum innovation within different departments to furtherly improve the status of THL library in the University.
文摘Objective:The study aimed to determine the faculty of the health sciences students’knowledge and attitudes regarding the coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)pandemic.Materials and Methods:This cross-sectional survey was completed with 317 undergraduate students of one health sciences faculty in Turkey.The data were collected between March 1,2020,and March 15,2020,by face-to-face interviews using a questionnaire created by the researchers.Number,percentage,mean,standard deviation,and Pearson Chi-square test were used to evaluate the data.Results:In this study,a high proportion of students answered questions about COVID-19 correctly.About 55.8%of the students took partial precautions against COVID-19 to protect themselves against COVID-19 and“frequent washing of hands”was the most common precaution.We determined that the main reasons for not taking any precautions against COVID-19 were“low number of cases in Turkey”and“getting irritated by the mask.”About 98.4%of the participants were entirely/partially following the news on COVID-19,with social media being the most commonly used medium.Female students took more protective measures than male students.The 1st-year students had more positive thoughts about vaccination compared to those in the other classes.Conclusions:Although the knowledge of the students about COVID-19 was good in the first wave of the pandemic,more than half of the students stated that they partially complied with the protective measures.
文摘Objectives: This descriptive study of 219 undergraduate medical students at Patan Academy of Health Sciences in Nepal was conducted to evaluate the relationships of their demographic variables with a health-promoting lifestyle profile. Methods: The Health Promoting Lifestyle Profile (HPLP) questionnaire was used to study students’ lifestyles. We compared the HPLP scores according to gender, residence type, school background and year of study. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and multiple comparison test were conducted to identify significant differences among university year (first, second, third and fourth) groups. Multiple regression analysis was used to analyze the effects of various demographics on the overall HPLP score and the six health-promoting lifestyle subscales. Results: The overall HPLP mean score of participants was 2.60 ± 0.29, with the highest mean scores being for spiritual growth (2.99 ± 0.42) and interpersonal relations (2.90 ± 0.35), and the lowest mean scores being for health responsibility (2.39 ± 0.39) and physical activity (2.25 ± 0.54), respectively. The overall HPLP score of the students was the highest for the first year students at 2.65 ± 0.26. The male students had a better overall HPLP score, although female students obtained better score in some subscales such as health responsibility, interpersonal relations and nutrition. The students from a public school background had significantly higher scores for health responsibility, physical activity and stress management than those who graduated school level education from a private school. Conclusions: The results of this study reveal that the status of health promoting behaviors among the students was acceptable with ample room for improvement. Implementation of health education and promotion programs with an emphasis on the different dimensions of health lifestyle behaviors is recommended.
文摘Background: Competency assessment has a key role in the assurance of quality professionals in every discipline. Competency assessment is a method by which we can verify that our employees are competent to perform tasks timely. To derive the greatest benefit from the application of competency assessment in the health professionals, we must be sure that we are addressing areas where our efforts are utilized to optimize the patient care. There is no research done on the competency assessment so far except the report send by Technical Vocational and Educational Training. Objectives: To assess knowledge, attitude and practice of health professionals towards competency assessment and factors were associated with competencies at Debre Birhan Health Science College, 2013. Methods: A facility based cross sectional study was conducted using interview technique. Study participants were all students taking competency assessment in all departments at Debre Berhan Health Science College in two rounds. The percentage of participants who were competent was computed. Factors associated with competency were assessed using bivariate and multivariable logistic regression. Results: Among the total participants (n = 287), (57.8 percent) were female. Among the (n = 287) study participants, 226 (78.7%) were competent. Of these, 88.5% of the candidates were learned at governmental institution. Predictors of competency were department of the respondent AOR [95%];0.05 [0.01, 0.45], expectation of the results [AOR (95% CI) = 0.13 (0.02, 0.85)], number of competency taken [AOR (95% CI) = 0.11 (0.01, 0.88)] and candidates’ knowledge of their right and obligations AOR [95%];3.7 [1.3, 10.3]. Conclusions: Significant numbers of candidates were not yet competent due to various factors at different level. Therefore, comprehensive work should be done on the instructors, students and the center to make the candidates competent.
文摘Introduction: Refractive error is recognized as one of the most important causes of correctable visual impairment and affects people of all ages, socioeconomic levels, and ethnic groups. The World Health Organization (WHO) estimated 285 million people globally were visually impaired, with 39 million blinds. The aim of this study is to access the knowledge, attitudes, and practices of health sciences students about the refractive error in Nampula, Mozambique. Material and Methods: Descriptive cross-sectional study including health sciences students of Lúrio University in Nampula, applying a questionnaire to access their knowledge, attitudes, and practices concerning the refractive error. The collected data were entered into SPSS version 22.0 for analysis. Frequency distribution and central tendency measures (mean, median) were used to summarize the descriptive part of the study. Results were described using tables and running text. Sample students were included after obtaining informed consent. Results: A total of 298 students participated in the study, 50.3% female, with average age of 24 ± 5.4 years. 69.8% had an eye exam and 54.7% believe they have good vision, 58.1% say that wearing glasses is the main method of correcting refractive errors. 92.3% refer to the Central Hospital as the best place to provide eye health services. The main reason for not purchasing the glasses was their cost (47.3%) and the alternative method for spectacle users was contact lenses (81.0%). The students’ attitudes were positive towards the use of glasses. Conclusion: Visual health education about the knowledge, attitudes and practices regarding refractive errors among students must be intensified to ensure good dissemination of information in the surrounding communities enrolled in the health promotion program “One Student, One Family” implemented by Lúrio University in Nampula.
文摘The 2nd Natural Product Synthesis-Young Investigator Forum(NPS-YIF)was held in Peking University Health Science Cen-ter,on June 16–19,2013,Beijing,China.The forum was hosted by the Division of Organic Chemistry,Chinese Chemical Society,organized by the State Key Laboratory ofNatural and Biomimetic Drugs,School of Pharmaceutical Sciences,Peking University.In the symposiums,five domestic specialistsin natural product synthesis were invited to give plenary lectures,and 16 young investigators delivered excellent invited lectures.There were more than 60 distinguished young scholars from famous universities and research institutes and nearly 60 graduatestudents attended the event.
文摘The purpose of this research is to integrate artificial intelligence(AI)in Bloom’s Taxonomy with the aim of improving critical thinking in health science education.Innovative teaching approaches will be employed for the broad spectrum of students;integrating AI across all levels of Bloom’s processes-from production,comprehen-sion,application,clinical case scenario harbingers,dynamic information delivery,and interactive teaching.Mixed-method design comprising both the quantitative(survey based analysis)and the qualitative(far-reaching theoretical framework and case studies review)methodologies was used in the current study.A structured survey was administered to collect data on the AI pattern,efficacy,and frequency of usage among 181 health sciences students.Case studies in practice were also used to serve as evidence of AI’s role in medical training:from clinician-initiated simulations to AI-powered assessment tools.The data analysis approaches included descriptive statistics,correlation heat maps,and comparative analysis between AI-assisted teaching and standard teaching.It is concluded that such engagement of the use of AI makes for engagement and deep learning but requires strong institution-wide foundations and ethical frameworks,and measures of growth against institutional preparedness and of having a very rich ethical framework for risk management are still lacking.Hence,the study recommends that balancing technology with ethics would be needed in AI integration and proposes future studies to address gaps in teacher training,institution preparedness,and ethical consideration.
文摘Objectives:Healthcare students experience significant stress due to their rigorous graduate school curricula.These levels of stress are associated with higher risks of depression,self-harm,and exhaustion.Coping interventions have been shown to help students develop healthy stress coping strategies.The purpose of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to examine the diverse array of coping interventions and what characteristics of coping interventions were most effective at decreasing stress among healthcare students.Methods:Any intervention designed to address coping for academic stress was included among medical,dental,nursing,physician assistant,allied health,veterinary,psychology,etc.students.A comprehensive literature search was completed to include multiple databases,Ancestry,and hand-searching from EBSCO and Google Scholar articles.A final total of 17 studies were included.Standardized mean difference effect sizes(ES)were synthesized across studies using a random-effects model in the Comprehensive Meta-Analysis Software for changes in coping levels in healthcare students.Moderator analyses were performed to explore the study,intervention,and participants’characteristics.The risk of bias was assessed by RoB2 and ROBINS-I.Results:Coping interventions significantly reduced stress outcomes among healthcare students(d=0.74;95%CI[0.48–1.01],95%PI[−0.41–1.90],p<0.001,Q=228.49,I^(2)=93.0%,T=0.52,T^(2)=0.28,p<0.001).Moderator analysis showed that interventions with stress education,established professional guidance,and fewer hours led to better stress management outcomes.Conclusions:This study demonstrates that coping interventions produce an overall moderate-to-large effect on stress reduction.Future research investigating coping interventions on academic and long-term outcomes would be beneficial.
文摘Healthy life expectancy is a pivotal measure of population health by integrating both life expectancy and the quality of years lived.A significant increase in life expectancy was evident in most populations during the past decades worldwide[1],but the growth in healthy life expectancy has generally lagged behind[2].China has made substantial strides in enhancing both life expectancy and healthy life expectancy.
基金Supported by National Science and Technology Council,Taiwan,No.MOST 111-2629-H-227-001-MY2.
文摘BACKGROUND Intimate partner violence(IPV)is a major public health concern linked to psychiatric and physical morbidity.However,evidence from East Asia,particularly from registry-based and sex-inclusive analyses,remains limited.We hypothesized that IPV survivors would have elevated risks of psychiatric disorders and stressrelated physical conditions.AIM To assess psychiatric and physical health risks following IPV exposure in Taiwan region of China.METHODS We conducted a nationwide,registry-based case control study using data from Taiwan’s Health and Welfare Data Science Center.Adults aged 18-64 years with a first IPV report in 2019(n=43393)were matched 1:1 by sex and age to controls.Incident diagnoses within 1 year were identified from claims data.Conditional logistic regression was used to estimate adjusted odds ratios(AORs).RESULTS Compared to controls,IPV survivors had higher risks of depressive disorders[AOR=4.18,95%confidence interval(CI):3.78-4.60,P<0.001],bipolar disorder(AOR=4.81,95%CI:3.83-6.10,P<0.001),schizophrenia(AOR=1.75,95%CI:1.46-2.10,P<0.001),and alcohol/substance use disorders(AOR=5.98,95%CI:2.21-8.50,P<0.001).The risk of asthma was modestly elevated(AOR=1.31,95%CI:1.08-1.60,P=0.006).No significant association was observed for irritable bowel syndrome(P=0.94).CONCLUSION IPV survivors in Taiwan face substantially increased psychiatric risk and a modestly elevated risk of asthma,warranting early screening and integrated mental and physical health care.
文摘Background: We monitored changes in salivary creatine pre-and post-high-intensity exercise in young adults while also investigating the potential correlation between salivary and serum creatine levels.Method: Saliva and serum samples were collected before and immediately after an incremental running-toexhaustion treadmill test in fifteen young adults(mean age [23.9 ± 2.9] years, eight females), with samples analyzed for guanidinoacetic acid, creatine, and creatinine using a liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry method.Results: Following exercise, there was a substantial elevation in salivary creatine levels from(17.5 ± 14.2)μmol·L^(-1) to(43.6 ± 30.4) μmol·L^(-1)(p < 0.001), coupled with a significant increase in salivary creatinine from(11.3 ± 5.8) μmol·L^(-1) to(17.0 ± 9.3) μmol·L^(-1)(p = 0.04). In contrast, serum creatine levels were unaffected by exercise(p = 0.80), while creatinine levels exhibited a strong tendency to decrease post-exercise(from [81.8 ±17.5] μmol·L^(-1) to [73.1 ± 11.6] μmol·L^(-1);p = 0.06). A comparison of the slopes of the two regression lines(saliva vs. serum) revealed significant differences for both creatine(p = 0.01) and creatinine(p = 0.03).Conclusions: The above findings suggest a potential difference in the dynamics of creatine metabolites in these two bodily fluids, both pre and post-exercise.
基金supported by Centro de Investigaci on Biom edica en Red Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable(CIBERFES)(Grant Nos.CB16/10/00477,CB16/10/00456,and CB16/10/00464)Plan Propio de Investigaci on of the University of Castilla-La Mancha,and Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional(FEDER)funds from the European Union(Grant No.2022-GRIN-34296)+3 种基金further funded by grants from the Instituto de Salud Carlos III(Grant Nos.PI031558,PI07/90637,PI07/90306,RD 06/0013,and PI18/00972)the Government of Castilla-La Mancha(Grant Nos.03031 and SBPLY/19/180501/000312)Red EXERNETRED DE EJERCICIO FISICO Y SALUD:RED2022-134800T from the Spanish Ministry of Innovation and Sciencesupported by a research grant from the University of Castilla-La Mancha(Programa Investigo,Grant No.2024INVGO-12359)。
文摘Background:Low relative sit-to-stand(STS)power has emerged as a critical predictor of adverse health outcomes,such as frailty and disability,in older adults.However,its impact on falls,fractures,hospitalizations,and all-cause mortality remains unclear.Therefore,this longitudinal study aimed to investigate the potential associations between low relative STS power and these adverse health outcomes in older adults.Methods:A total of 1876 older adults(aged≥65 years,56.4%women)were included from the Toledo Study for Healthy Aging.Relative STS power was assessed using the 30-s STS test and the Alcazar equation.Participants were categorized as having low relative STS power based on previously established cut-off points(2.53 W/kg for men and 2.01 W/kg for women).Falls and fractures(hip and all-type)within the previous year were recorded.Hospitalizations and all-cause mortality were obtained during a follow-up of 6.8±3.1 years(mean±SD;median=7.8 years;interquartile range:3.9-10.1 years)and 9.7±3.5 years(median=10.9 years;interquartile range:8.2-12.5 years),respectively.Generalized linear mixed models,binary logistic regression,and proportional hazards regression adjusted for age,educational level,and comorbidities were used.Results:In men,low relative STS power was significantly associated with an increased likelihood of history of falls(odds ratio(OR)=1.73,95%confidence interval(95%CI):1.08-2.75,p=0.022)and all-type fractures(OR=1.86,95%CI:1.21-2.84,p=0.004)in the previous year.In women,low relative STS power was associated with a higher probability of hip fractures within the previous year(OR=3.25,95%CI:1.07-9.86,p=0.038).Low relative STS power predicted hospitalizations in women(hazard ratio(HR)=1.29,95%CI:1.06-1.58,p=0.012)and longer hospital stays in both men(p=0.020)and women(p=0.033).Low relative STS power significantly increased all-cause mortality in both men(HR=1.57,95%CI:1.26-1.97,p<0.001)and women(HR=2.04,95%CI:1.51-2.74,p<0.001).Conclusion:Low relative STS power was associated with history of hip fractures in women,whereas in men it was associated with history of falls and all-type fractures.Low relative STS power predicted hospitalizations in women but not in men.In both men and women,low relative STS power was associated with longer hospital stays and increased risk of all-cause mortality.
基金supported by the National Institutes of Health for the Kansas Center for Metabolism and Obesity Research(award No.P20GM144269)support from the Center for Advancing Translational Sciences of the National Institutes of Health(award No.KL2TR002367)supported by the National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences of the National Institutes of Health(award No.TL1TR002368)。
文摘Overweight and obesity are significant public health concerns worldwide due to their association with many chronic health conditions.This has resulted in the development of various interventions focused on weight loss to reduce the associated health burden.Physical activity is an important lifestyle behavior associated with enhanced health.Evidence supports that many of the benefits of physical activity are realized independent of initial weight status or whether weight loss is achieved,with some benefits additive to what is achieved with weight loss alone.These benefits include enhanced cardiometabolic,brain,cognitive and psychological health,and others.Moreover,in adults with overweight or obesity,physical activity has independent effects on cardiorespiratory fitness,muscular strength,physical function,and mobility.There are also benefits to body composition,with physical activity improving the quality of key tissues,such as skeletal muscle,which may not occur with diet-induced weight loss.Therefore,physical activity is an important public health target for adults with overweight or obesity to provide a wide range of health benefits that extend beyond those of weight loss alone.However,physical activity recommendations and programming efforts should consider the unique characteristics of adults with overweight or obesity to be most effective,and should support a focus on mobility,physical function,and other health outcomes.
文摘Background:Contributing to the innovative behavior of individuals in the health management process is a desirable condition for increased health institution performance.The relationship between the sense of loneliness and individual innovation behaviors has not been studied and relevant literature is extremely limited.The purpose of this research was to examine the effect of an individual's sense of loneliness on their innovative behavior.Methods:The research was performed between January and October 2018.The effects of loneliness feelings on the individual innovative behaviors of 451 health science faculty students were measured.The data were collected using the"Individual Information Form,"the"individual innovation scale,"and the"University of California Los Angeles loneliness scale."The reliability and validity of the scales were tested with Structural Equation Modeling.Results:It was found that the female participants showed exhibited more innovative behavior than the men.However,there was no significant difference in the loneliness status of participants by gender.A group of 23-year-old individuals showed a significant difference in the risk taking dimension compared to other age groups.First-grade students had more points in the experimental openness and opinion leadership sub-dimension than the other classes.It was observed that the behavior is molded as the education level increases.The regression models showed that loneliness has a negative effect of-0.254 on experiential openness and the leadership of ideas,and has a negative effect of-0.216 on risk taking.There was no effect of the sub-dimensions of loneliness on change resistance.Moreover,on the individualistic behavior of physical loneliness,a-0.267 negative effect was observed.Emotional loneliness has no effect on the sub-dimensions of individual innovation.Finally,the total sense of loneliness was found to have a negative effect on total individual innovation.Conclusions:The study results clearly show that physical loneliness has a negative effect on individual innovation.It can be said that individuals living in social environments exhibit more innovative behaviors.However,emotional loneliness has no significant effect on innovative behavior.In this context,designing social spaces in health institutions will stimulate individuals'innovative behaviors.
文摘In the 1950s, clinical pharmacy emerged in the United States and gradually developed into an indispensable component of the clinical services system, The American College of Clinical Pharmacy defines clinical pharmacy as a pharmaceutical field that focuses on the science and practice of rational drug use.
