Chinese medicine,with its rich historical roots and holistic approach,has been a fundamental aspect of healthcare in East Asia and is now gaining global recognition.Founded on centuries of empirical knowledge and phil...Chinese medicine,with its rich historical roots and holistic approach,has been a fundamental aspect of healthcare in East Asia and is now gaining global recognition.Founded on centuries of empirical knowledge and philosophical insight,Chinese medicine draws heavily from classical texts to guide its practices in herbal medicine and acupuncture.Despite its cultural and historical significance,integrating Chinese medicine into global healthcare systems presents challenges,notably the need for evidence-based practices to enhance credibility,ensure patient safety,and foster broader acceptance within the medical community.This paper explores how Chinese medicine can adopt evidence-based practices by incorporating principles of Western medicine into its research methodologies.It reviews the origins and philosophical foundations of Chinese medicine,examining its reliance on classical texts and empirical methods.The paper also highlights the differences between the personalised approach of Chinese medicine,which tailors treatments to individual needs,and the standardised protocols typical of Western medicine.Additionally,it addresses methodological challenges in Chinese medicine research,such as inconsistent diagnostic criteria and insufficient design rigour.To bridge these gaps,innovative research methodologies that respect the unique variability of Chinese medicine are needed.By adopting evidence-based practices and rigorous scientific validation,Chinese medicine can enhance its legitimacy and facilitate its integration into the global healthcare landscape.展开更多
In recent years,the gut microbiota has become an integral research topic in human health owing to its impact on digestion,immunity,metabolic processes,and mental health.The possibilities of microbiome treatment have i...In recent years,the gut microbiota has become an integral research topic in human health owing to its impact on digestion,immunity,metabolic processes,and mental health.The possibilities of microbiome treatment have increased interest in dietary approaches,with a special focus on the intake of fermented foods.This has revived some of the most profound and practical constructs derived from food therapy in Chinese medicine(CM),where food therapy,along with fermented options,actively preserves health and prevents disease.In CM,the spleen and stomach system refers to the postnatal foundation of the body,which controls the processes of chewing,nutrient assimilation,and energy production(qi).The balance between intestinal and overall health is the foundation of psychosomatic well-being and is of utmost importance.Fermented foods can boost the spleen,alleviate stagnant food syndrome,dispel excess fluids,enhance protective functions,and strengthen the immune system.This review aimed to integrate the conceptual and clinical paradigms of CM with those of Western medicine,focusing on the role of fermented foods in gut microbiota regulation.This article discusses prominent fermented foods in CM and their classical functions,alongside the currently available peer-reviewed literature(published within the last 7 years)on their impact on gut flora and other clinical outcomes.Mechanistic considerations regarding the production of probiotics and other active metabolites,such as short-chain fatty acids,and the modulation of the intestinal barrier are discussed.This review also examines multidisciplinary approaches to dietary customs worldwide and outlines the clinical applications of these findings in the context of chronic disease management and gastrointestinal health.展开更多
Background Relative energy deficiency in sport(REDs)results from exposure to problematic low energy availability.It is a serious condition affecting the health and athletic performance of up to 80%of elite female athl...Background Relative energy deficiency in sport(REDs)results from exposure to problematic low energy availability.It is a serious condition affecting the health and athletic performance of up to 80%of elite female athletes.REDs is established to have negative short-term effects on reproductive function,but the long-term impact of this condition is unknown.Therefore,we examined the impact of secondary amenorrhea with or without a concurrent diagnosis of REDs on perinatal health outcomes.Methods Postpartum individuals(≥18 years of age)completed an online questionnaire that covered demographics,reproductive history(including a diagnosis of REDs or secondary amenorrhea),and maternal/fetal health outcomes.Logistic regression was used to determine the relationship between previously diagnosed REDs or secondary amenorrhea with perinatal health outcomes.Results A total of 1025 previously pregnant participants completed the survey(33.1±3.4 years,mean±SD).Prior to pregnancy,6.1%had been previously diagnosed with REDs and 20.5%had a history with secondary amenorrhea.Individuals diagnosed with REDs had 3.5-times higher odds of having premature labor(odds ratio,(OR)=3.52,95%confidence interval(95%CI):1.26–9.81)and 2.6-times higher odds of preterm delivery(OR=2.62,95%CI:1.05–6.58)compared to those who had not experienced REDs or secondary amenorrhea.However,in individuals who did not have a history of REDs,secondary amenorrhea did not increase the odds of adverse pregnancy or delivery outcomes.Conclusion A history of REDs,but not secondary amenorrhea,may increase the odds of premature labor and preterm delivery.展开更多
To the editor:Peer workers-people with personal experiences of using mental health services,trained to provide support to others currently using similar services--are increasingly integrated into the workforce of ment...To the editor:Peer workers-people with personal experiences of using mental health services,trained to provide support to others currently using similar services--are increasingly integrated into the workforce of mental health systems internationally.展开更多
Background Health promotion(HP)interventions delivered through sports clubs have demonstrated promising outcomes among men,but less is known about which aspects of the interventions work,for whom,and under what circum...Background Health promotion(HP)interventions delivered through sports clubs have demonstrated promising outcomes among men,but less is known about which aspects of the interventions work,for whom,and under what circumstances.This rapid realist review aimed to understand the contexts,mechanisms,and outcomes of HP interventions for men delivered through sports clubs.Methods A systematic literature search was conducted in February 2023 for studies published after 2013 in MEDLINE,Embase,and SPORTDiscus databases.Included studies:(a)were delivered by or in collaboration with sports clubs,(b)targeted men aged 18+years,and(c)reported 1 or more HP outcomes.A grey literature search was also performed.Studies were included in a realist synthesis based on richness and rigor.Hereafter,context-mechanism-outcome(CMO)configurations were developed.Results We identified and screened 3358 studies,finally including 59 studies describing 22 interventions.Most HP interventions were delivered in high income countries,included Caucasian men aged 35-65 years with overweight/obesity,and used professional sports clubs(mostly football)for recruitment and facilities.Quantitative HP outcomes were reported across 19 interventions.Of these 19 interventions,the majority reported on weight(n=18),physical activity(n=12),mental health(n=10),and diet(n=9).We identified 13 CMOs related to how HP interventions affected men's recruitment,engagement,and health behavior maintenance.Conclusion Our findings show that using sports clubs for HP interventions is effective for engaging men.Recruitment was facilitated by leveraging sports clubs’identity,addressing masculinity-related barriers,improving accessibility,and building trust.Engagement was enhanced through shared identity experiences,safe spaces,inclusive competition,and self-efficacy.However,there's limited evidence on behavior maintenance post-intervention,though involving community stakeholders seemed vital.In general,considerations should be made to avoid perpetuating traditional masculine norms,which may exclude some men and reinforce unhealthy behaviors.These findings can guide intervention development,emphasizing the need to harness men's perspectives in the process.展开更多
Neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative illnesses constitute a global health issue and a foremost economic burden since they are a large cause of incapacity and death worldwide.Altogether,the burden of neurological d...Neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative illnesses constitute a global health issue and a foremost economic burden since they are a large cause of incapacity and death worldwide.Altogether,the burden of neurological disorders has increased considerably over the past 30 years because of population aging.Overall,neurological diseases significantly impair cognitive and motor functions and their incidence will increase as societies age and the world's population continues to grow.Autism spectrum disorder,motor neuron disease,encephalopathy,epilepsy,stroke,ataxia,Alzheimer's disease,amyotrophic lateral sclerosis,Huntington's disease,and Parkinson's disease represent a non-exhaustive list of neurological illnesses.These affections are due to perturbations in cellular homeostasis leading to the progressive injury and death of neurons in the nervous system.Among the common features of neurological handicaps,we find protein aggregation,oxidative stress,neuroinflammation,and mitochondrial impairment in the target tissues,e.g.,the brain,cerebellum,and spinal cord.The high energy requirements of neurons and their inability to produce sufficient adenosine triphosphate by glycolysis,are responsible for their dependence on functional mitochondria for their integrity.Reactive oxygen species,produced along with the respiration process within mitochondria,can lead to oxidative stress,which compromises neuronal survival.Besides having an essential role in energy production and oxidative stress,mitochondria are indispensable for an array of cellular processes,such as amino acid metabolism,iron-sulfur cluster biosynthesis,calcium homeostasis,intrinsic programmed cell death(apoptosis),and intraorganellar signaling.Despite the progress made in the last decades in the understanding of a growing number of genetic and molecular causes of central nervous diseases,therapies that are effective to diminish or halt neuronal dysfunction/death are rare.Given the genetic complexity responsible for neurological disorders,the development of neuroprotective strategies seeking to preserve mitochondrial homeostasis is a realistic challenge to lastingly diminish the harmful evolution of these pathologies and so to recover quality of life.A promising candidate is the neuroglobin,a globin superfamily member of 151 amino acids,which is found at high levels in the brain,the eye,and the cerebellum.The protein,which localizes to mitochondria,is involved in electron transfer,oxygen storage and defence against oxidative stress;hence,possessing neuroprotective properties.This review surveys up-to-date knowledge and emphasizes on existing investigations regarding neuroglobin physiological functions,which remain since its discovery in 2000 under intense debate and the possibility of using neuroglobin either by gene therapy or its direct delivery into the brain to treat neurological disorders.展开更多
Spinal cord injury(SCI)is a debilitating ailment that leads to the loss of motor and sensory functions,often leaving the patient paralyzed below the injury site(Chen et al.,2013).Globally around 250,000-300,000 people...Spinal cord injury(SCI)is a debilitating ailment that leads to the loss of motor and sensory functions,often leaving the patient paralyzed below the injury site(Chen et al.,2013).Globally around 250,000-300,000 people are diagnosed with SCI annually(Singh et al.,2014),and while this number appears quite low,the effect that an SCI has on the patient’s quality of life is drastic,due to the current difficulties to comprehensively treat this illness.The cost of patient care can also be quite costly,amounting to an estimated$1.69 billion in healthcare costs in the USA alone(Mahabaleshwarkar and Khanna,2014).展开更多
Purpose: Normobaric hypoxia(NH) is a frequent strategy for training under hypoxic conditions that can be administered through different equipment, including face masks or hypoxic chambers/tents. Nonetheless, the versa...Purpose: Normobaric hypoxia(NH) is a frequent strategy for training under hypoxic conditions that can be administered through different equipment, including face masks or hypoxic chambers/tents. Nonetheless, the versatility of administration methods may influence the outcomes.Methods: Web of Science, Scopus, SPORTDiscus and Pub Med/MEDLINE were searched to identify studies assessing the effect of NH administered by face mask or chamber/tent equipment on maximal oxygen uptake( VO2max) after a training period. An overall meta-analysis and sub-analysis of total program session volume(low, moderate, high), participants' training level(trained, active, sedentary), and the severity of hypoxia(moderate, severe) were conducted to explore the effects of the NH-administration system.Results: Eighteen studies were included. Compared with normoxia, NH showed a moderate global improvement in VO2max(standardized mean difference [SMD] = 0.74;p = 0.06), favoring the chamber/tent(SMD = 1.30;p< 0.01) over the face mask. Sub-analysis showed a very large effect in support of the hypoxic chamber/tent among sedentary individuals and training programs with a high volume of sessions. Severe hypoxia did not yield conclusive findings in VO2max improvements, although the chamber/tent proved more effective(SMD = 1.42;p< 0.01) than the face mask under moderate hypoxia.Conclusions: Chambers/tents may slightly accentuate the benefit of NH on aerobic performance, particularly in participants with limited training experience following a high volume of sessions under moderate hypoxia.However, the variability of sub-analysis factors(session volume, participants' training level, and methodological approaches) between studies using each type of hypoxia-generating equipment may influence this result.展开更多
Background:Midlife lifestyle factors,including physical activity,are associated with late-life brain health,yet the role of aerobic exercise on structural brain health in early and mid-adulthood remains poorly underst...Background:Midlife lifestyle factors,including physical activity,are associated with late-life brain health,yet the role of aerobic exercise on structural brain health in early and mid-adulthood remains poorly understood.This study aimed to examine the effect of aerobic exercise on structural brain age and to explore potential mediators.Methods:In a single-blind,12-month randomized clinical trial,130 healthy participants aged 26-58 years were randomized into a moderate-to-vigorous intensity aerobic exercise group or a usual-care control group.The exercise group attended two supervised 60-min sessions per week in a laboratory setting plus engaged in home-based exercise to achieve 150 min of exercise per week.Brain-predicted age difference(brain-PAD)and cardiorespiratory fitness(CRF)were assessed at baseline and 12 months.Both intention-to-treat(ITT)and completers analyses(including participants who completed post-intervention assessments)were performed.Results:The 130 participants(67.7%female)had an age of 41.28±9.93 years(mean±SD).At baseline,higher CRF(peak oxygen uptake,VO_(2peak))was associated with smaller brain-PAD(β=-0.309,p=0.012).After the intervention,the exercise group showed a decrease in brainPAD(estimated mean difference(EMD)=-0.60;95%confidence interval(95%CI):-1.15 to-0.04;p=0.034)compared to the control group(EMD=0.35;95%CI:-0.21 to 0.92;p=0.217);time×group interaction(between-group difference(BGD)=-0.95;95%CI:-1.72 to-0.17;p=0.019).VO2peak improved in the exercise group(EMD=1.60;95%CI:0.29-2.90;p=0.017)compared to the control group(EMD=-0.78;95%CI:-2.17 to 0.60;p=0.265);time×group interaction(BGD=2.38;95%CI:0.52-4.25;p=0.015).Body composition,blood pressure,and brain-derived neurotrophic factor levels were unaffected.None of the proposed pathways statistically mediated the effect of exercise on brain-PAD.The results from completers were similar.Conclusion:Engaging in 12 months of moderate-to-vigorous exercise reduced brain-PAD in early-to-midlife adults.The pathways by which these effects occur remain unknown.展开更多
The impact of spinal cord injury(SCI)on the immune system is increasingly recognized in a field traditionally focused on motor impairments.SCI can seriously affect the immune system by progressively disrupting the reg...The impact of spinal cord injury(SCI)on the immune system is increasingly recognized in a field traditionally focused on motor impairments.SCI can seriously affect the immune system by progressively disrupting the regulatory mechanisms that control immune responses.This dysregulation varies widely among patients and can evolve over time,ranging from systemic inflammatory responses to immunosuppression,greatly contributing to the morbidity and mortality of individuals with SCI(Bao et al.,2011;Brennan et al.,2024).展开更多
Objectives:Glioblastoma(GBM)is a prevalent malignant brain tumor prone to drug resistance.We previously found a strong correlation between SH3 domain GRB2-like endophilin B1(SH3GLB1)and superoxide dismutase 2(SOD2),wh...Objectives:Glioblastoma(GBM)is a prevalent malignant brain tumor prone to drug resistance.We previously found a strong correlation between SH3 domain GRB2-like endophilin B1(SH3GLB1)and superoxide dismutase 2(SOD2),which converts O_(2) to hydrogen peroxide(H_(2)O_(2)).Prior studies show that H_(2)O_(2) redox signaling is vital for physiological processes and can drive tumor progression.Therefore,we aim to define how H_(2)O_(2) signaling regulates SH3GLB1 and AKT(protein kinase B)pathways in GBM and to assess whether modulating H_(2)O_(2) reverses temozolomide(TMZ)resistance.Methods:We used cultured cells and pharmacological inhibitors and activators to confirm the significance of H_(2)O_(2) signaling.GBM cells were used to verify the role of H_(2)O_(2) signaling in cell state transitions and animal experiments identified optimal treatment strategies.Results:We found that SOD2 acts as an upstream regulator of SH3GLB1.When SOD inhibitors and TMZ were combined,cells showed reduced SH3GLB1 and autophagy levels.SH3GLB1 was found to be regulated by H_(2)O_(2) via AKT signaling using redox homeostasis-regulating experiments.Although treatment-induced changes in mitochondrial H_(2)O_(2) levels mirrored those in the cytosol,parental and resistant cells exhibited divergent fates,highlighting cell-fate plasticity.TMZ combined with a redox modulator reduced resistant tumor cell growth(about 2/3 reduction of tumor size;p<0.05)and suppressed SH3GLB1 and autophagy levels in animal models.The TMZ-induced increase in SH3GLB1 expression was reversed by HgCl2,which inhibited the aquaporin-9/AKT signaling.Conclusion:Overall,these findings underscore the importance of H_(2)O_(2)-SH3GLB1 signaling in GBM and may inform future therapeutic strategies for overcoming TMZ resistance.展开更多
Alzheimer’s disease(AD)is a complex neurodegenerative disorder associated with changes in inflammation,oxidative stress,and gut microbiota composition.Butyrolactone Ⅰ(BTL-Ⅰ),a fungal metabolite,has shown anti-infla...Alzheimer’s disease(AD)is a complex neurodegenerative disorder associated with changes in inflammation,oxidative stress,and gut microbiota composition.Butyrolactone Ⅰ(BTL-Ⅰ),a fungal metabolite,has shown anti-inflammatory,microbiota regulating,and memory-improving potentials in previous in vitro and AlCl3-induced zebrafish studies.However,its effects of memory-improving and gutbrain axis regulating on Aβ-induced mammalian AD models have not been explored.In this study,intragastric administrated BTL-Ⅰ ameliorated cognitive deficits related to recognition and spatial memory impaired by Aβ_(1-42)intracerebroventricular injection in mice.BTL-Ⅰ maintained gut microbiota balance by increasing the abundance of Blautia,Muribaculaceae,Bacteroides,Akkermansia,etc.,and decreasing CAG-352,Clostridia UCG-014,different Lachnospiraceae groups,etc.,and Firmicutes/Bacteroidota ratio and elevated the levels of short-chain fatty acids.Additionally,it alleviated intestinal oxidative stress,inflammatory responses,and pathological damage.Furthermore,BTL-I reversed Aβ_(1-42)-induced activation of microglia and astrocytes in the hippocampus and inhibited the elevated oxidative stress and proinflammatory cytokines in both plasma and brain.The correlation analysis between the regulated taxa and biomarkers supports the role of gut microbiota in adjusting inflammation,oxidative stress,and memory.In conclusion,BTL-I may serve as a valuable drug lead for treating Alzheimer’s disease by systematically inhibiting microbiota imbalance,inflammation,and oxidative stress along the gut-brain axis.展开更多
Endochondral ossification is a physiological process involving a sequential formation of cartilage and bone tissues.Classically,cartilage and bone formation have been considered independent processes at cellular level...Endochondral ossification is a physiological process involving a sequential formation of cartilage and bone tissues.Classically,cartilage and bone formation have been considered independent processes at cellular level.However,the recently described multiple cell differentiation dynamics suggest that some bone cells are indeed the progeny of cartilage cells,or chondrocyte-derived osteoblasts.We hypothesized that the cartilage-to-bone phenotype transition is triggered by specific molecular events.First,the process was assessed in mouse bone tissue,and then,it was mimicked using in vivo cell implantation and in vitro serial differentiation protocols.Data indicates that cartilage cells transition to bone cell phenotype during postnatal physiological bone formation.This process can be reproduced using cartilage precursor cells coupled to specific implantation procedures or differentiation protocols.Gene expression profiling reveals that NOTCH,BMP and MAPK signaling pathways are relevant at the phenotype-switch,while the transcription factors Mesp1,Alx1,Grhl3 and Hmx3 are the feasible driver genes for chondrocyte-derived osteoblasts formation.Altogether,this report shows that endochondral ossification can be modeled using primary cell cultures and data indicate that this process is regulated by specific molecular events,previously described at skeleton morphogenesis during embryo development,and from now on also linkable to postnatal bone development and regeneration processes.展开更多
The 8^th International Workshop on Human Leucocyte Differentiation Antigens （chaired by HZ and managed by BS） was run over a 4-year period and culminated in a conference in December 2004. Here we review the achievem...The 8^th International Workshop on Human Leucocyte Differentiation Antigens （chaired by HZ and managed by BS） was run over a 4-year period and culminated in a conference in December 2004. Here we review the achievements of the HLDA Workshops and provide links to information on CD molecules and antibodies against them, including the 93 new CDs assigned in the 8^th Workshop. We consider what remains to be achieved （including an estimate of the number of leucocyte surface molecules still to be discovered）, and how the field can best move forward.展开更多
Inhibitory interneurons are gamma-aminobutyric acid-ergic (GABAergic) nerve cells that act to maintain the appropriate excitation-inhibition balance, and synchronise the output of principle cells to generate rhythmic ...Inhibitory interneurons are gamma-aminobutyric acid-ergic (GABAergic) nerve cells that act to maintain the appropriate excitation-inhibition balance, and synchronise the output of principle cells to generate rhythmic patterns of firing (Kessaris et al., 2014). This critical role, along with their brain-wide distribution, has led to the implication of interneurons in many neuropathologies, including schizophrenia, autism, dystonia and epilepsies (Marín, 2012).展开更多
The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between insulin resistance, obesity and serum prostate-specific antigen （PSA） levels in healthy men with serum PSA level below 4 ng mL-1. The men included ...The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between insulin resistance, obesity and serum prostate-specific antigen （PSA） levels in healthy men with serum PSA level below 4 ng mL-1. The men included in the study cohort were 11 827 healthy male employees of the Korea Hydro and Nuclear Power Co., LTD who had undergone medical checkups including fasting glucose, fasting insulin and serum PSA between January 2003 and December 2008. Insulin resistance was calculated by homeostasis model assessment （HOMA [fasting glucose × fasting insulin]/22.5） and quantitative insulin sensitivity check index （QUICK/; 1/[log （fasting insulin） ＋ log （fasting glucose）]）. Age-adjusted body mass index （BMI） was significantly increased according to increasing quartile of insulin resistance as determined by HOMA and QUICKI, respectively, in analysis of variance （ANOVA） test and Duncan＇s multiple comparison test （P 〈 0.001）, but age-adjusted serum PSA concentration was significantly decreased according to increasing quartile of insulin resistance as determined by HOMA and QUICK/（P 〈 0.001）. Age, BMI, insulin resistance by HOMA or QUICK/were significantly independent variables to serum PSA level in a multivariate linear regression analysis （P 〈 0.001）. Insulin resistance was a significant independent variable to serum PSA level along with BMI. Insulin resistance and BMI were negatively correlated with serum PSA level in healthy men. Insulin resistance was positively correlated with BMI.展开更多
Exercise has long been known for its active role in improving physical fitness and sustaining health.Regular moderate-intensity exercise improves all aspects of human health and is widely accepted as a preventative an...Exercise has long been known for its active role in improving physical fitness and sustaining health.Regular moderate-intensity exercise improves all aspects of human health and is widely accepted as a preventative and therapeutic strategy for various diseases.It is well-documented that exercise maintains and restores homeostasis at the organismal,tissue,cellular,and molecular levels to stimulate positive physiological adaptations that consequently protect against various pathological conditions.Here we mainly summarize how moderate-intensity exercise affects the major hallmarks of health,including the integrity of barriers,containment of local perturbations,recycling and turnover,integration of circuitries,rhythmic oscillations,homeostatic resilience,hormetic regulation,as well as repair and regeneration.Furthermore,we summarize the current understanding of the mechanisms responsible for beneficial adaptations in response to exercise.This review aimed at providing a comprehensive summary of the vital biological mechanisms through which moderate-intensity exercise maintains health and opens a window for its application in other health interventions.We hope that continuing investigation in this field will further increase our understanding of the processes involved in the positive role of moderate-intensity exercise and thus get us closer to the identification of new therapeutics that improve quality of life.展开更多
Background:The mechanisms underlying the beneficial effects of exercise on the human placenta are poorly understood.The objective of the current study was to ascertain the influence of a supervised concurrent exercise...Background:The mechanisms underlying the beneficial effects of exercise on the human placenta are poorly understood.The objective of the current study was to ascertain the influence of a supervised concurrent exercise intervention from gestational Week 17 until birth on key cytokines involved in placental development and function.Secondary aims were to explore:(a)the moderating effects of fetal sex and maternal weight status;and(b)whether gestational weight gain,lifestyle behaviors(diet,sleep patterns,and physical activity),and physical fitness(strength and cardiorespiratory fitness)mediated the effects of exercise on placental cytokines.Methods:Seventy-six pregnant women(33±4 years,mean±SD),divided into exercise(n=40)and control(n=36)groups,participated in this study.The exercise group followed a 60-min,3 days/week(aerobic+resistance)training program of moderate-to-vigorous intensity.Placental cytokines—including granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor(GM-CSF),granulocyte colony-stimulating factor(G-CSF),plateletderived growth factor AA(PDGF-AA),epidermal growth factor(EGF),monocyte chemoattractant protein-1(MCP-1),fractalkine,interleukin(IL)-8,IL-6,IL-1β,interleukin 1-receptor antagonist(IL-1ra),IL-10,tumor necrosis factor alpha(TNF-a),and interferon gamma(IFN-γ)were analyzed using Luminex multi-analyte profiling(x MAP)technology.Results:The exercise group presented higher placental levels of G-CSF and lower concentrations of EGF and IL-1ra than the control group(p<0.05).Significant effects of exercise on placental G-CSF and TNF-a(p<0.05)and a trend toward lower IL-6(p=0.08)were observed only in female placentas.Additionally,a reduction in weight gain partially mediated the effects of exercise on G-CSF(p<0.05).Conclusion:Maternal exercise during pregnancy is related to increased placental levels of G-CSF and lower EGF and IL-1ra levels.Some exercise-induced effects are observed exclusively in female placentas,including increased G-CSF and lower TNF-a and IL-6 concentrations.Notably,the increased levels of G-CSF observed with exercise might be due to a more adequate gestational weight gain.展开更多
Purpose:This study was aimed to analyze the associations of objectively measured physical activity(PA),sedentary time,and physical fitness with mental health in the early second trimester(16§2 gestational weeks)o...Purpose:This study was aimed to analyze the associations of objectively measured physical activity(PA),sedentary time,and physical fitness with mental health in the early second trimester(16§2 gestational weeks)of pregnancy.Methods:From 229 women initially contacted,124 pregnant women participated in the present cross-sectional study.Data were collected between November 2015 and March 2017.The participants wore Actigraph GT3X+Triaxial accelerometers for 9 consecutive days to objectively measure their PA levels and sedentary time.A performance-based test battery was used to measure physical fitness.Self-report questionnaires assessed psychological ill-being(i.e.,negative affect,anxiety,and depression),and psychological well-being(i.e.,emotional intelligence,resilience,and positive affect).Linear regression analyses were adjusted for age,educational level,accelerometer wear time,miscarriages,and low back pain.Results:Moderate-to-vigorous PA was negatively associated with depression(b=0.222,adjusted R2=0.050,p=0.041).Higher levels of sedentary time were negatively associated with positive affect(b=0.260,adjusted R2=0.085,p=0.017).Greater upper-body flexibility was positively associated with better emotional regulation(b=0.195,adjusted R2=0.030,p=0.047).The remaining associations were not significant(all p>0.05).Conclusion:An active lifestyle characterized by higher levels of moderate-to-vigorous PA and lower levels of sedentary time during pregnancy might modestly improve the mental health of pregnant women.Although previous research has focused on the benefits of cardiorespiratory exercise,the present study shows that only upper-body flexibility is related to emotional regulation in early pregnant women.If the present findings are corroborated in further experimental research,physical exercise programs should focus on enhancing flexibility to promote improvements in emotional regulation during early second-trimester of pregnancy.展开更多
Background:Insufficient physical activity and prolonged sedentary behavior have emerged as major global public health challenges.Short bouts(≤10 min)of accumulated exercise(SBAE)throughout the day may be a promising ...Background:Insufficient physical activity and prolonged sedentary behavior have emerged as major global public health challenges.Short bouts(≤10 min)of accumulated exercise(SBAE)throughout the day may be a promising strategy to mitigate the adverse effects of prolonged sitting and promote physical activity,ultimately promoting overall health.However,previous ambiguity in defining this concept has resulted in a fragmented and inconsistent evidence base,impeding practical applications,the development of guidelines,and policymaking.The purpose of this study is to establish an operational definition of SBAE by synthesizing systematic reviews and research trials alongside an expert consensus.Additionally,it seeks to evaluate acute and long-term efficacy and feasibility,providing evidence-based recommendations for practice and future research directions.Methods:A literature search was performed across PubMed and Web of Science,followed by systematic screening and summarization of eligible studies based on predefined inclusion criteria.Inclusion criteria encompassed various modes/types of SBAE(bouts lasting≤10 min,performed multiple times daily with≥30 min intervals);both aerobic and resistance exercise were considered.Relevant systematic reviews and research trials were included.Methodological quality,risk of bias,and evidence certainty were assessed.Expert consensus was obtained through a survey to evaluate recommendations and agreement levels on findings.Results:After analyzing 27 systematic reviews,135 research studies,and an expert consensus involving 48 researchers from 11 countries,SBAE is defined as any exercise mode of activity,regardless of intensity,that is accumulated in either continuous or intermittent bouts lasting≤10 min per session(including multiple intermittent sets)that are performed multiple times(≥2 sessions/day)per day,with intervals of≥30 min between bouts or otherwise sufficient time for recovery.When used to interrupt prolonged periods of sedentary time,SBAE mitigates the acute adverse effects of sedentary behavior on more than 10 clinical biomarkers of endocrine,cardiovascular,and brain health/function among adults of diverse ages and conditions.Moreover,SBAE was superior for improving acute glycemic control compared to a single continuous exercise session.As a long-term intervention(average of 11 weeks),SBAE can improve over 20 health outcomes,including peak oxygen uptake,resting blood pressure,and metabolic health.Additionally,SBAE might be more effective than continuous exercise for improving longer-term glycemic control and body composition.Long-term completion rates for SBAE interventions are generally high(95%),with low dropout rates(12%)and high adherence rates even without supervision(85%),and its safety has been preliminarily validated.Conclusion:An operational definition of SBAE is provided along with its classification and acute and long-term efficacy.Practical exercise prescription recommendations and evidence-based strategies for various populations and contexts are provided.Future research should focus on generating high-quality evidence for SBAE in 5 key areas:quantification and monitoring,population-specific responses,optimization of exercise prescriptions,intervention efficacy,and practical implementation.Additionally,addressing policy,environmental,and promotional barriers is crucial for transitioning from expert consensus to public consensus,and for facilitating the application of this strategy in real-world environments.展开更多
文摘Chinese medicine,with its rich historical roots and holistic approach,has been a fundamental aspect of healthcare in East Asia and is now gaining global recognition.Founded on centuries of empirical knowledge and philosophical insight,Chinese medicine draws heavily from classical texts to guide its practices in herbal medicine and acupuncture.Despite its cultural and historical significance,integrating Chinese medicine into global healthcare systems presents challenges,notably the need for evidence-based practices to enhance credibility,ensure patient safety,and foster broader acceptance within the medical community.This paper explores how Chinese medicine can adopt evidence-based practices by incorporating principles of Western medicine into its research methodologies.It reviews the origins and philosophical foundations of Chinese medicine,examining its reliance on classical texts and empirical methods.The paper also highlights the differences between the personalised approach of Chinese medicine,which tailors treatments to individual needs,and the standardised protocols typical of Western medicine.Additionally,it addresses methodological challenges in Chinese medicine research,such as inconsistent diagnostic criteria and insufficient design rigour.To bridge these gaps,innovative research methodologies that respect the unique variability of Chinese medicine are needed.By adopting evidence-based practices and rigorous scientific validation,Chinese medicine can enhance its legitimacy and facilitate its integration into the global healthcare landscape.
文摘In recent years,the gut microbiota has become an integral research topic in human health owing to its impact on digestion,immunity,metabolic processes,and mental health.The possibilities of microbiome treatment have increased interest in dietary approaches,with a special focus on the intake of fermented foods.This has revived some of the most profound and practical constructs derived from food therapy in Chinese medicine(CM),where food therapy,along with fermented options,actively preserves health and prevents disease.In CM,the spleen and stomach system refers to the postnatal foundation of the body,which controls the processes of chewing,nutrient assimilation,and energy production(qi).The balance between intestinal and overall health is the foundation of psychosomatic well-being and is of utmost importance.Fermented foods can boost the spleen,alleviate stagnant food syndrome,dispel excess fluids,enhance protective functions,and strengthen the immune system.This review aimed to integrate the conceptual and clinical paradigms of CM with those of Western medicine,focusing on the role of fermented foods in gut microbiota regulation.This article discusses prominent fermented foods in CM and their classical functions,alongside the currently available peer-reviewed literature(published within the last 7 years)on their impact on gut flora and other clinical outcomes.Mechanistic considerations regarding the production of probiotics and other active metabolites,such as short-chain fatty acids,and the modulation of the intestinal barrier are discussed.This review also examines multidisciplinary approaches to dietary customs worldwide and outlines the clinical applications of these findings in the context of chronic disease management and gastrointestinal health.
基金funded by a Christenson Professorship in Active Healthy Livingfunded by the Health Sciences TD Bank Undergraduate Research Awardsupport from the FIFA Female Athlete Project
文摘Background Relative energy deficiency in sport(REDs)results from exposure to problematic low energy availability.It is a serious condition affecting the health and athletic performance of up to 80%of elite female athletes.REDs is established to have negative short-term effects on reproductive function,but the long-term impact of this condition is unknown.Therefore,we examined the impact of secondary amenorrhea with or without a concurrent diagnosis of REDs on perinatal health outcomes.Methods Postpartum individuals(≥18 years of age)completed an online questionnaire that covered demographics,reproductive history(including a diagnosis of REDs or secondary amenorrhea),and maternal/fetal health outcomes.Logistic regression was used to determine the relationship between previously diagnosed REDs or secondary amenorrhea with perinatal health outcomes.Results A total of 1025 previously pregnant participants completed the survey(33.1±3.4 years,mean±SD).Prior to pregnancy,6.1%had been previously diagnosed with REDs and 20.5%had a history with secondary amenorrhea.Individuals diagnosed with REDs had 3.5-times higher odds of having premature labor(odds ratio,(OR)=3.52,95%confidence interval(95%CI):1.26–9.81)and 2.6-times higher odds of preterm delivery(OR=2.62,95%CI:1.05–6.58)compared to those who had not experienced REDs or secondary amenorrhea.However,in individuals who did not have a history of REDs,secondary amenorrhea did not increase the odds of adverse pregnancy or delivery outcomes.Conclusion A history of REDs,but not secondary amenorrhea,may increase the odds of premature labor and preterm delivery.
基金funded by National Institute for Health Research(NIHR)(RP-PG-1212-20019)。
文摘To the editor:Peer workers-people with personal experiences of using mental health services,trained to provide support to others currently using similar services--are increasingly integrated into the workforce of mental health systems internationally.
基金supported by the 5 Steno Diabetes Centers in Denmark,which are partly funded by the Novo Nordisk Foundation.
文摘Background Health promotion(HP)interventions delivered through sports clubs have demonstrated promising outcomes among men,but less is known about which aspects of the interventions work,for whom,and under what circumstances.This rapid realist review aimed to understand the contexts,mechanisms,and outcomes of HP interventions for men delivered through sports clubs.Methods A systematic literature search was conducted in February 2023 for studies published after 2013 in MEDLINE,Embase,and SPORTDiscus databases.Included studies:(a)were delivered by or in collaboration with sports clubs,(b)targeted men aged 18+years,and(c)reported 1 or more HP outcomes.A grey literature search was also performed.Studies were included in a realist synthesis based on richness and rigor.Hereafter,context-mechanism-outcome(CMO)configurations were developed.Results We identified and screened 3358 studies,finally including 59 studies describing 22 interventions.Most HP interventions were delivered in high income countries,included Caucasian men aged 35-65 years with overweight/obesity,and used professional sports clubs(mostly football)for recruitment and facilities.Quantitative HP outcomes were reported across 19 interventions.Of these 19 interventions,the majority reported on weight(n=18),physical activity(n=12),mental health(n=10),and diet(n=9).We identified 13 CMOs related to how HP interventions affected men's recruitment,engagement,and health behavior maintenance.Conclusion Our findings show that using sports clubs for HP interventions is effective for engaging men.Recruitment was facilitated by leveraging sports clubs’identity,addressing masculinity-related barriers,improving accessibility,and building trust.Engagement was enhanced through shared identity experiences,safe spaces,inclusive competition,and self-efficacy.However,there's limited evidence on behavior maintenance post-intervention,though involving community stakeholders seemed vital.In general,considerations should be made to avoid perpetuating traditional masculine norms,which may exclude some men and reinforce unhealthy behaviors.These findings can guide intervention development,emphasizing the need to harness men's perspectives in the process.
基金supported by AFM-Telethon grants N°21704 and 23264,Universite Paris Cite(Paris)the National Institute of Health and Medical Research(INSERM)+3 种基金the National Center for Scientific Research(CNRS)the French Association Connaître les Syndromes Cerebelleux(CSC)(to MCD)GV/2021/188 granted from Conselleria of Innovation,Universities,28 Science and Society digital of the Community of Valencia(Spain)(to ITC)Subprograma Atraccion de Talento-Contratos Postdoctorales de la Universitat de Valencia(to IMY).
文摘Neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative illnesses constitute a global health issue and a foremost economic burden since they are a large cause of incapacity and death worldwide.Altogether,the burden of neurological disorders has increased considerably over the past 30 years because of population aging.Overall,neurological diseases significantly impair cognitive and motor functions and their incidence will increase as societies age and the world's population continues to grow.Autism spectrum disorder,motor neuron disease,encephalopathy,epilepsy,stroke,ataxia,Alzheimer's disease,amyotrophic lateral sclerosis,Huntington's disease,and Parkinson's disease represent a non-exhaustive list of neurological illnesses.These affections are due to perturbations in cellular homeostasis leading to the progressive injury and death of neurons in the nervous system.Among the common features of neurological handicaps,we find protein aggregation,oxidative stress,neuroinflammation,and mitochondrial impairment in the target tissues,e.g.,the brain,cerebellum,and spinal cord.The high energy requirements of neurons and their inability to produce sufficient adenosine triphosphate by glycolysis,are responsible for their dependence on functional mitochondria for their integrity.Reactive oxygen species,produced along with the respiration process within mitochondria,can lead to oxidative stress,which compromises neuronal survival.Besides having an essential role in energy production and oxidative stress,mitochondria are indispensable for an array of cellular processes,such as amino acid metabolism,iron-sulfur cluster biosynthesis,calcium homeostasis,intrinsic programmed cell death(apoptosis),and intraorganellar signaling.Despite the progress made in the last decades in the understanding of a growing number of genetic and molecular causes of central nervous diseases,therapies that are effective to diminish or halt neuronal dysfunction/death are rare.Given the genetic complexity responsible for neurological disorders,the development of neuroprotective strategies seeking to preserve mitochondrial homeostasis is a realistic challenge to lastingly diminish the harmful evolution of these pathologies and so to recover quality of life.A promising candidate is the neuroglobin,a globin superfamily member of 151 amino acids,which is found at high levels in the brain,the eye,and the cerebellum.The protein,which localizes to mitochondria,is involved in electron transfer,oxygen storage and defence against oxidative stress;hence,possessing neuroprotective properties.This review surveys up-to-date knowledge and emphasizes on existing investigations regarding neuroglobin physiological functions,which remain since its discovery in 2000 under intense debate and the possibility of using neuroglobin either by gene therapy or its direct delivery into the brain to treat neurological disorders.
基金supported by the Irish Research Council under the Government of Ireland Postdoctoral Fellowship Project ID-GOIPD/2023/1431(to AS).
文摘Spinal cord injury(SCI)is a debilitating ailment that leads to the loss of motor and sensory functions,often leaving the patient paralyzed below the injury site(Chen et al.,2013).Globally around 250,000-300,000 people are diagnosed with SCI annually(Singh et al.,2014),and while this number appears quite low,the effect that an SCI has on the patient’s quality of life is drastic,due to the current difficulties to comprehensively treat this illness.The cost of patient care can also be quite costly,amounting to an estimated$1.69 billion in healthcare costs in the USA alone(Mahabaleshwarkar and Khanna,2014).
基金supported by the Andalusian FEDER Operational Program [B-CTS-374-UGR20 and C-SEJ-015-UGR23]the Spanish Ministry of Science,Innovation and Universities [PGC2018-097388-BI00-MCI/AEI/FEDER,UE]。
文摘Purpose: Normobaric hypoxia(NH) is a frequent strategy for training under hypoxic conditions that can be administered through different equipment, including face masks or hypoxic chambers/tents. Nonetheless, the versatility of administration methods may influence the outcomes.Methods: Web of Science, Scopus, SPORTDiscus and Pub Med/MEDLINE were searched to identify studies assessing the effect of NH administered by face mask or chamber/tent equipment on maximal oxygen uptake( VO2max) after a training period. An overall meta-analysis and sub-analysis of total program session volume(low, moderate, high), participants' training level(trained, active, sedentary), and the severity of hypoxia(moderate, severe) were conducted to explore the effects of the NH-administration system.Results: Eighteen studies were included. Compared with normoxia, NH showed a moderate global improvement in VO2max(standardized mean difference [SMD] = 0.74;p = 0.06), favoring the chamber/tent(SMD = 1.30;p< 0.01) over the face mask. Sub-analysis showed a very large effect in support of the hypoxic chamber/tent among sedentary individuals and training programs with a high volume of sessions. Severe hypoxia did not yield conclusive findings in VO2max improvements, although the chamber/tent proved more effective(SMD = 1.42;p< 0.01) than the face mask under moderate hypoxia.Conclusions: Chambers/tents may slightly accentuate the benefit of NH on aerobic performance, particularly in participants with limited training experience following a high volume of sessions under moderate hypoxia.However, the variability of sub-analysis factors(session volume, participants' training level, and methodological approaches) between studies using each type of hypoxia-generating equipment may influence this result.
基金funded by the National Institutes of Health and the National Heart,Lung,and Blood Institute(P01HL040962)。
文摘Background:Midlife lifestyle factors,including physical activity,are associated with late-life brain health,yet the role of aerobic exercise on structural brain health in early and mid-adulthood remains poorly understood.This study aimed to examine the effect of aerobic exercise on structural brain age and to explore potential mediators.Methods:In a single-blind,12-month randomized clinical trial,130 healthy participants aged 26-58 years were randomized into a moderate-to-vigorous intensity aerobic exercise group or a usual-care control group.The exercise group attended two supervised 60-min sessions per week in a laboratory setting plus engaged in home-based exercise to achieve 150 min of exercise per week.Brain-predicted age difference(brain-PAD)and cardiorespiratory fitness(CRF)were assessed at baseline and 12 months.Both intention-to-treat(ITT)and completers analyses(including participants who completed post-intervention assessments)were performed.Results:The 130 participants(67.7%female)had an age of 41.28±9.93 years(mean±SD).At baseline,higher CRF(peak oxygen uptake,VO_(2peak))was associated with smaller brain-PAD(β=-0.309,p=0.012).After the intervention,the exercise group showed a decrease in brainPAD(estimated mean difference(EMD)=-0.60;95%confidence interval(95%CI):-1.15 to-0.04;p=0.034)compared to the control group(EMD=0.35;95%CI:-0.21 to 0.92;p=0.217);time×group interaction(between-group difference(BGD)=-0.95;95%CI:-1.72 to-0.17;p=0.019).VO2peak improved in the exercise group(EMD=1.60;95%CI:0.29-2.90;p=0.017)compared to the control group(EMD=-0.78;95%CI:-2.17 to 0.60;p=0.265);time×group interaction(BGD=2.38;95%CI:0.52-4.25;p=0.015).Body composition,blood pressure,and brain-derived neurotrophic factor levels were unaffected.None of the proposed pathways statistically mediated the effect of exercise on brain-PAD.The results from completers were similar.Conclusion:Engaging in 12 months of moderate-to-vigorous exercise reduced brain-PAD in early-to-midlife adults.The pathways by which these effects occur remain unknown.
基金funded by the Santa Casa Neuroscience Awards—Prize Melo e Castro for Spinal Cord Injury Research(MC-18-2021)(to AJS and NAS)by the Wings for Life Spinal Cord Research Foundation(WFL-PT-14/23)(to NAS)+2 种基金funded by national funds through the Foundation for Science and Technology(FCT)—projects UIDB/50026/2020,UIDP/50026/2020,and EXPL/MED-PAT/0931/2021-http://doi.org/10.54499/EXPL/MED PAT/0931/2021supported by the Norte Portugal Regional Operational Programme(NORTE 2020)under the PORTUGAL 2020 Partnership Agreement through the European Regional Development Fund(ERDF)(to SM)the support given by the Portuguese Foundation of Science and Technology to SM(CEECIND/01902/2017-Doi:10.54499/CEECIND/01902/2017/CP1458/CT0024),and NAS(CEECIND/04794/2007)。
文摘The impact of spinal cord injury(SCI)on the immune system is increasingly recognized in a field traditionally focused on motor impairments.SCI can seriously affect the immune system by progressively disrupting the regulatory mechanisms that control immune responses.This dysregulation varies widely among patients and can evolve over time,ranging from systemic inflammatory responses to immunosuppression,greatly contributing to the morbidity and mortality of individuals with SCI(Bao et al.,2011;Brennan et al.,2024).
基金supported by research grants from the Ministry of Science and Technology(MOST 108-2314-B-400-026 and 109-2013-B-400-036)National Science and Technology Council(NSTC 112-2320-B-214-010 and 113-2320-B-214-002)+1 种基金I-Shou University(ISU-112-01-12A,ISU112-S-02 and ISU114-S-04)National Health Research Institutes,Taiwan(CA-111-PP-19).
文摘Objectives:Glioblastoma(GBM)is a prevalent malignant brain tumor prone to drug resistance.We previously found a strong correlation between SH3 domain GRB2-like endophilin B1(SH3GLB1)and superoxide dismutase 2(SOD2),which converts O_(2) to hydrogen peroxide(H_(2)O_(2)).Prior studies show that H_(2)O_(2) redox signaling is vital for physiological processes and can drive tumor progression.Therefore,we aim to define how H_(2)O_(2) signaling regulates SH3GLB1 and AKT(protein kinase B)pathways in GBM and to assess whether modulating H_(2)O_(2) reverses temozolomide(TMZ)resistance.Methods:We used cultured cells and pharmacological inhibitors and activators to confirm the significance of H_(2)O_(2) signaling.GBM cells were used to verify the role of H_(2)O_(2) signaling in cell state transitions and animal experiments identified optimal treatment strategies.Results:We found that SOD2 acts as an upstream regulator of SH3GLB1.When SOD inhibitors and TMZ were combined,cells showed reduced SH3GLB1 and autophagy levels.SH3GLB1 was found to be regulated by H_(2)O_(2) via AKT signaling using redox homeostasis-regulating experiments.Although treatment-induced changes in mitochondrial H_(2)O_(2) levels mirrored those in the cytosol,parental and resistant cells exhibited divergent fates,highlighting cell-fate plasticity.TMZ combined with a redox modulator reduced resistant tumor cell growth(about 2/3 reduction of tumor size;p<0.05)and suppressed SH3GLB1 and autophagy levels in animal models.The TMZ-induced increase in SH3GLB1 expression was reversed by HgCl2,which inhibited the aquaporin-9/AKT signaling.Conclusion:Overall,these findings underscore the importance of H_(2)O_(2)-SH3GLB1 signaling in GBM and may inform future therapeutic strategies for overcoming TMZ resistance.
基金Supported by the Guangdong Provincial Natural Science Foundation(No.2022A1515010783)the Sustainable Development Program of Shenzhen Science and Technology Major Program(No.KCXFZ20240903093925033)+4 种基金the Guangdong Provincial Special Project in Science and Technology(No.2021A05240)the Special Project in Key Fields of Guangdong Provincial Higher Education Institutions(No.2021ZDZX2064)the Basic Research Project of Shenzhen Science and Technology Innovation Commission(No.JCYJ20220530162014032)the Zhanjiang Marine Youth Talent Innovation Project(No.2022E05010)the Program for Scientific Research Start-up Funds of Guangdong Ocean University(Nos.R18008,060302042201)。
文摘Alzheimer’s disease(AD)is a complex neurodegenerative disorder associated with changes in inflammation,oxidative stress,and gut microbiota composition.Butyrolactone Ⅰ(BTL-Ⅰ),a fungal metabolite,has shown anti-inflammatory,microbiota regulating,and memory-improving potentials in previous in vitro and AlCl3-induced zebrafish studies.However,its effects of memory-improving and gutbrain axis regulating on Aβ-induced mammalian AD models have not been explored.In this study,intragastric administrated BTL-Ⅰ ameliorated cognitive deficits related to recognition and spatial memory impaired by Aβ_(1-42)intracerebroventricular injection in mice.BTL-Ⅰ maintained gut microbiota balance by increasing the abundance of Blautia,Muribaculaceae,Bacteroides,Akkermansia,etc.,and decreasing CAG-352,Clostridia UCG-014,different Lachnospiraceae groups,etc.,and Firmicutes/Bacteroidota ratio and elevated the levels of short-chain fatty acids.Additionally,it alleviated intestinal oxidative stress,inflammatory responses,and pathological damage.Furthermore,BTL-I reversed Aβ_(1-42)-induced activation of microglia and astrocytes in the hippocampus and inhibited the elevated oxidative stress and proinflammatory cytokines in both plasma and brain.The correlation analysis between the regulated taxa and biomarkers supports the role of gut microbiota in adjusting inflammation,oxidative stress,and memory.In conclusion,BTL-I may serve as a valuable drug lead for treating Alzheimer’s disease by systematically inhibiting microbiota imbalance,inflammation,and oxidative stress along the gut-brain axis.
基金funded by Grants PID2021-127191OB-I00,RTI2018-101708-A-I00,PRE2018-084542 and PRE2022-102680 funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and by“ERDF A way of making Europe”Grant RYC2018-025502-I is funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and by“ESF Investing in your future”+1 种基金Grant MDM-20170720 Maria de Maeztu Units of Excellence Program funded by the Spanish State Research Agencysupported by Instituto de Salud CarlosⅢ,Infrastructure of Precision Medicine associated with Science and Technology(IMPaCT)of the Strategic Action in Health(iDATA-MP)。
文摘Endochondral ossification is a physiological process involving a sequential formation of cartilage and bone tissues.Classically,cartilage and bone formation have been considered independent processes at cellular level.However,the recently described multiple cell differentiation dynamics suggest that some bone cells are indeed the progeny of cartilage cells,or chondrocyte-derived osteoblasts.We hypothesized that the cartilage-to-bone phenotype transition is triggered by specific molecular events.First,the process was assessed in mouse bone tissue,and then,it was mimicked using in vivo cell implantation and in vitro serial differentiation protocols.Data indicates that cartilage cells transition to bone cell phenotype during postnatal physiological bone formation.This process can be reproduced using cartilage precursor cells coupled to specific implantation procedures or differentiation protocols.Gene expression profiling reveals that NOTCH,BMP and MAPK signaling pathways are relevant at the phenotype-switch,while the transcription factors Mesp1,Alx1,Grhl3 and Hmx3 are the feasible driver genes for chondrocyte-derived osteoblasts formation.Altogether,this report shows that endochondral ossification can be modeled using primary cell cultures and data indicate that this process is regulated by specific molecular events,previously described at skeleton morphogenesis during embryo development,and from now on also linkable to postnatal bone development and regeneration processes.
文摘The 8^th International Workshop on Human Leucocyte Differentiation Antigens （chaired by HZ and managed by BS） was run over a 4-year period and culminated in a conference in December 2004. Here we review the achievements of the HLDA Workshops and provide links to information on CD molecules and antibodies against them, including the 93 new CDs assigned in the 8^th Workshop. We consider what remains to be achieved （including an estimate of the number of leucocyte surface molecules still to be discovered）, and how the field can best move forward.
基金supported by grant from the UK Medical Research Council and EU Framework Programme 7 Repair-HD,to ML
文摘Inhibitory interneurons are gamma-aminobutyric acid-ergic (GABAergic) nerve cells that act to maintain the appropriate excitation-inhibition balance, and synchronise the output of principle cells to generate rhythmic patterns of firing (Kessaris et al., 2014). This critical role, along with their brain-wide distribution, has led to the implication of interneurons in many neuropathologies, including schizophrenia, autism, dystonia and epilepsies (Marín, 2012).
文摘The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between insulin resistance, obesity and serum prostate-specific antigen （PSA） levels in healthy men with serum PSA level below 4 ng mL-1. The men included in the study cohort were 11 827 healthy male employees of the Korea Hydro and Nuclear Power Co., LTD who had undergone medical checkups including fasting glucose, fasting insulin and serum PSA between January 2003 and December 2008. Insulin resistance was calculated by homeostasis model assessment （HOMA [fasting glucose × fasting insulin]/22.5） and quantitative insulin sensitivity check index （QUICK/; 1/[log （fasting insulin） ＋ log （fasting glucose）]）. Age-adjusted body mass index （BMI） was significantly increased according to increasing quartile of insulin resistance as determined by HOMA and QUICKI, respectively, in analysis of variance （ANOVA） test and Duncan＇s multiple comparison test （P 〈 0.001）, but age-adjusted serum PSA concentration was significantly decreased according to increasing quartile of insulin resistance as determined by HOMA and QUICK/（P 〈 0.001）. Age, BMI, insulin resistance by HOMA or QUICK/were significantly independent variables to serum PSA level in a multivariate linear regression analysis （P 〈 0.001）. Insulin resistance was a significant independent variable to serum PSA level along with BMI. Insulin resistance and BMI were negatively correlated with serum PSA level in healthy men. Insulin resistance was positively correlated with BMI.
基金Among these,patents were licensed to Bayer(WO2014020041-A1 and WO2014020043-A1)Bristol-Myers Squibb(WO2008057863-A1)+4 种基金Osasuna Therapeutics(WO2019057742A1)Pharmamar(WO2022049270A1 and WO2022048775-A1)Raptor Pharmaceuticals(EP2664326-A1)Samsara Therapeutics(GB202017553D0)Therafast Bio(EP3684471A1).The other authors declare that they have no competing interests.
文摘Exercise has long been known for its active role in improving physical fitness and sustaining health.Regular moderate-intensity exercise improves all aspects of human health and is widely accepted as a preventative and therapeutic strategy for various diseases.It is well-documented that exercise maintains and restores homeostasis at the organismal,tissue,cellular,and molecular levels to stimulate positive physiological adaptations that consequently protect against various pathological conditions.Here we mainly summarize how moderate-intensity exercise affects the major hallmarks of health,including the integrity of barriers,containment of local perturbations,recycling and turnover,integration of circuitries,rhythmic oscillations,homeostatic resilience,hormetic regulation,as well as repair and regeneration.Furthermore,we summarize the current understanding of the mechanisms responsible for beneficial adaptations in response to exercise.This review aimed at providing a comprehensive summary of the vital biological mechanisms through which moderate-intensity exercise maintains health and opens a window for its application in other health interventions.We hope that continuing investigation in this field will further increase our understanding of the processes involved in the positive role of moderate-intensity exercise and thus get us closer to the identification of new therapeutics that improve quality of life.
基金funded by the Regional Ministry of Health of the Junta de Andalucıa(PI-0395-2016)the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under the Marie Sklodowska-Curie grant agreement(No.101027215)+1 种基金supported by the PLACENTRAINING project,funded through the FEDER-UGR23 funding call(European Regional Development Fund University of Granada programGrant No.C-EXP-336UGR23)。
文摘Background:The mechanisms underlying the beneficial effects of exercise on the human placenta are poorly understood.The objective of the current study was to ascertain the influence of a supervised concurrent exercise intervention from gestational Week 17 until birth on key cytokines involved in placental development and function.Secondary aims were to explore:(a)the moderating effects of fetal sex and maternal weight status;and(b)whether gestational weight gain,lifestyle behaviors(diet,sleep patterns,and physical activity),and physical fitness(strength and cardiorespiratory fitness)mediated the effects of exercise on placental cytokines.Methods:Seventy-six pregnant women(33±4 years,mean±SD),divided into exercise(n=40)and control(n=36)groups,participated in this study.The exercise group followed a 60-min,3 days/week(aerobic+resistance)training program of moderate-to-vigorous intensity.Placental cytokines—including granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor(GM-CSF),granulocyte colony-stimulating factor(G-CSF),plateletderived growth factor AA(PDGF-AA),epidermal growth factor(EGF),monocyte chemoattractant protein-1(MCP-1),fractalkine,interleukin(IL)-8,IL-6,IL-1β,interleukin 1-receptor antagonist(IL-1ra),IL-10,tumor necrosis factor alpha(TNF-a),and interferon gamma(IFN-γ)were analyzed using Luminex multi-analyte profiling(x MAP)technology.Results:The exercise group presented higher placental levels of G-CSF and lower concentrations of EGF and IL-1ra than the control group(p<0.05).Significant effects of exercise on placental G-CSF and TNF-a(p<0.05)and a trend toward lower IL-6(p=0.08)were observed only in female placentas.Additionally,a reduction in weight gain partially mediated the effects of exercise on G-CSF(p<0.05).Conclusion:Maternal exercise during pregnancy is related to increased placental levels of G-CSF and lower EGF and IL-1ra levels.Some exercise-induced effects are observed exclusively in female placentas,including increased G-CSF and lower TNF-a and IL-6 concentrations.Notably,the increased levels of G-CSF observed with exercise might be due to a more adequate gestational weight gain.
文摘Purpose:This study was aimed to analyze the associations of objectively measured physical activity(PA),sedentary time,and physical fitness with mental health in the early second trimester(16§2 gestational weeks)of pregnancy.Methods:From 229 women initially contacted,124 pregnant women participated in the present cross-sectional study.Data were collected between November 2015 and March 2017.The participants wore Actigraph GT3X+Triaxial accelerometers for 9 consecutive days to objectively measure their PA levels and sedentary time.A performance-based test battery was used to measure physical fitness.Self-report questionnaires assessed psychological ill-being(i.e.,negative affect,anxiety,and depression),and psychological well-being(i.e.,emotional intelligence,resilience,and positive affect).Linear regression analyses were adjusted for age,educational level,accelerometer wear time,miscarriages,and low back pain.Results:Moderate-to-vigorous PA was negatively associated with depression(b=0.222,adjusted R2=0.050,p=0.041).Higher levels of sedentary time were negatively associated with positive affect(b=0.260,adjusted R2=0.085,p=0.017).Greater upper-body flexibility was positively associated with better emotional regulation(b=0.195,adjusted R2=0.030,p=0.047).The remaining associations were not significant(all p>0.05).Conclusion:An active lifestyle characterized by higher levels of moderate-to-vigorous PA and lower levels of sedentary time during pregnancy might modestly improve the mental health of pregnant women.Although previous research has focused on the benefits of cardiorespiratory exercise,the present study shows that only upper-body flexibility is related to emotional regulation in early pregnant women.If the present findings are corroborated in further experimental research,physical exercise programs should focus on enhancing flexibility to promote improvements in emotional regulation during early second-trimester of pregnancy.
文摘Background:Insufficient physical activity and prolonged sedentary behavior have emerged as major global public health challenges.Short bouts(≤10 min)of accumulated exercise(SBAE)throughout the day may be a promising strategy to mitigate the adverse effects of prolonged sitting and promote physical activity,ultimately promoting overall health.However,previous ambiguity in defining this concept has resulted in a fragmented and inconsistent evidence base,impeding practical applications,the development of guidelines,and policymaking.The purpose of this study is to establish an operational definition of SBAE by synthesizing systematic reviews and research trials alongside an expert consensus.Additionally,it seeks to evaluate acute and long-term efficacy and feasibility,providing evidence-based recommendations for practice and future research directions.Methods:A literature search was performed across PubMed and Web of Science,followed by systematic screening and summarization of eligible studies based on predefined inclusion criteria.Inclusion criteria encompassed various modes/types of SBAE(bouts lasting≤10 min,performed multiple times daily with≥30 min intervals);both aerobic and resistance exercise were considered.Relevant systematic reviews and research trials were included.Methodological quality,risk of bias,and evidence certainty were assessed.Expert consensus was obtained through a survey to evaluate recommendations and agreement levels on findings.Results:After analyzing 27 systematic reviews,135 research studies,and an expert consensus involving 48 researchers from 11 countries,SBAE is defined as any exercise mode of activity,regardless of intensity,that is accumulated in either continuous or intermittent bouts lasting≤10 min per session(including multiple intermittent sets)that are performed multiple times(≥2 sessions/day)per day,with intervals of≥30 min between bouts or otherwise sufficient time for recovery.When used to interrupt prolonged periods of sedentary time,SBAE mitigates the acute adverse effects of sedentary behavior on more than 10 clinical biomarkers of endocrine,cardiovascular,and brain health/function among adults of diverse ages and conditions.Moreover,SBAE was superior for improving acute glycemic control compared to a single continuous exercise session.As a long-term intervention(average of 11 weeks),SBAE can improve over 20 health outcomes,including peak oxygen uptake,resting blood pressure,and metabolic health.Additionally,SBAE might be more effective than continuous exercise for improving longer-term glycemic control and body composition.Long-term completion rates for SBAE interventions are generally high(95%),with low dropout rates(12%)and high adherence rates even without supervision(85%),and its safety has been preliminarily validated.Conclusion:An operational definition of SBAE is provided along with its classification and acute and long-term efficacy.Practical exercise prescription recommendations and evidence-based strategies for various populations and contexts are provided.Future research should focus on generating high-quality evidence for SBAE in 5 key areas:quantification and monitoring,population-specific responses,optimization of exercise prescriptions,intervention efficacy,and practical implementation.Additionally,addressing policy,environmental,and promotional barriers is crucial for transitioning from expert consensus to public consensus,and for facilitating the application of this strategy in real-world environments.
