The Belt and Road Initiative has brought rich and diverse possibilities to global cooperation,recommending that countries strengthen multilateral cooperation,help each other,and jointly face and resolve various risks.
Objectives: Changing the culture in nursing homes in South Korea comes with challenges,and the key issues of resident-centered care have been described.This study aims to describe health personnel's experience in ...Objectives: Changing the culture in nursing homes in South Korea comes with challenges,and the key issues of resident-centered care have been described.This study aims to describe health personnel's experience in providing resident-centered care in nursing homes.Methods: Qualitative data were collected through individual and focus group interviews consisting of registered nurses (n =4),certified nurse assistants (n =2),and long-term caregivers (n =12) working at nursing homes in South Korea.The participants (n-18) completed the interviews from May to June 2018,and all interviews were recorded,transcribed,and analyzed by employing the content analysis method.Results: Five main categories are conceptualized: (1) residents' participation in decision making,(2) the sharing of the history and story of residents,(3) the recognition of facility-or task-based attitudes,(4) the guarantee of private time and space for residents,and (5) the need for standardized guidelines.Conclusions: Results corroborate that health personnel regard resident-centered care as a desirable nursing paradigm.However,facility-or task-centered care is the most effective in hectic situations.A standardized protocol on the application of resident-centered care based on the facility-tailored specification is unavailable.Therefore,health personnel's perception and practice of resident-centered care can differ.Efficient nursing intervention programs should be developed after clarifying facility culture.展开更多
Background:Facelift procedures represent a critical area of aesthetic and reconstructive surgery that addresses the physical and psychological impacts of facial aging.Advancements in techniques and technologies over t...Background:Facelift procedures represent a critical area of aesthetic and reconstructive surgery that addresses the physical and psychological impacts of facial aging.Advancements in techniques and technologies over time have transformed the field,making it essential to assess the evolution of research trends.This study performed a bibliometric analysis of facelift research by examining the top 50 most cited publications to evaluate their contributions,thematic evolution,and collaborative networks.Methods:The Scopus database was used to identify relevant publications.A total of 50 documents were selected,comprising 47 articles and 3 reviews published across 16 academic sources.The inclusion criteria focused on publications with substantial relevance to facelift research;this ensured comprehensive coverage of the topic.Key performance indicators(for the authors)such as the number of papers,total citations,h-index,g-index,m-index,HG composite,and Q2 index were calculated.Citation analysis and collaborative network mapping were conducted to identify the leading contributors,including authors,universities,countries,and sources.Results:The findings indicated an annual growth rate of 1.34%,with an average document age of 29.4 years and an average citation count per document of 134.9.The analysis identified the top authors and their collaborative networks,along with key contributions from various universities,countries,and sources.The thematic evolution of facelift research was examined across these 50 papers;this revealed important trends and shifts within the field.Conclusion:This bibliometric analysis offers valuable insights into the development and influence of facelift research over a 52-year span.It highlights significant contributors and outlines thematic shifts,providing directions for future research and collaboration in this field.展开更多
Irrational drug use and prescription safety are pressing global concerns.The World Health Organization estimated that over half of all prescriptions worldwide contain errors,leading to substantial harm[1,2].In China,p...Irrational drug use and prescription safety are pressing global concerns.The World Health Organization estimated that over half of all prescriptions worldwide contain errors,leading to substantial harm[1,2].In China,prescription errors occur at a rate of 32%,and improper medication use is reported in over 70%of households[3,4].Vulnerable populations,including children(16.7%)and older adults(30.4%),are particularly affected[5].展开更多
Alzheimer's disease is the primary cause of dementia and imposes a significant socioeconomic burden globally.Physical exercise,as an effective strategy for improving general health,has been largely reported for it...Alzheimer's disease is the primary cause of dementia and imposes a significant socioeconomic burden globally.Physical exercise,as an effective strategy for improving general health,has been largely reported for its effectiveness in slowing neurodegeneration and increasing brain functional plasticity,particularly in aging brains.However,the underlying mechanisms of exercise in cognitive aging remain largely unclear.Adiponectin,a cell-secreted protein hormone,has recently been found to regulate synaptic plasticity and mediate the antidepressant effects of physical exercise.Studies on the neuroprotective effects of adiponectin have revealed potential innovative treatments for Alzheimer's disease.Here,we reviewed the functions of adiponectin and its receptor in the brains of human and animal models of cognitive impairment.We summarized the role of adiponectin in Alzheimer's disease,focusing on its impact on energy metabolism,insulin resistance,and inflammation.We also discuss how exercise increases adiponectin secretion and its potential benefits for learning and memory.Finally,we highlight the latest research on chemical compounds that mimic exerciseenhanced secretion of adiponectin and its receptor in Alzheimer's disease.展开更多
背景良好用药依从性可显著降低脑卒中患者复发风险,是脑卒中患者二级预防的关键。然而,现有研究多针对农村脑卒中患者的短期用药及依从行为,而对同类患者的长期用药依从行为的研究较为有限。目的本研究旨在分析中国农村地区脑卒中幸存...背景良好用药依从性可显著降低脑卒中患者复发风险,是脑卒中患者二级预防的关键。然而,现有研究多针对农村脑卒中患者的短期用药及依从行为,而对同类患者的长期用药依从行为的研究较为有限。目的本研究旨在分析中国农村地区脑卒中幸存者的长期用药行为、依从态度与行为,并识别与用药行为相关的因素。方法基于2017年在河北省南和县5个乡镇、60个村开展的农村地区脑卒中患者管理研究——中国农村地区脑卒中管理的系统整合技术辅助照护模式研究(SINEMA),本研究对象为曾参与过2017年SINEMA研究且同意参与2024年5—7月随访并完成调查的所有脑卒中幸存者。调查研究对象降压药、他汀类药、抗血小板药和降糖药的用药情况,并使用Maastricht Utrecht Adherence in Hypertension-16(MUAH-16)量表评估其用药依从态度(积极的医疗与药物态度维度)。采用Morisky Green Levine量表测量服用4类药物的患者的用药依从行为(得分为0分定义为依从性高)。使用描述性分析展示患者基本特征、用药依从性状况和多因素Logistic回归分析识别出的相关因素。结果本研究共纳入912名研究对象,平均年龄为(72.0±7.9)岁,其中女性占46.1%(420/912);在药物服用方面,有772例(84.6%)患者自报服用降压药,547例(59.9%)服用抗血小板药,427例(46.8%)服用他汀类药,以及203例(22.3%)服用降糖药。在正在服用4类药物的人群中,降糖药服用依从性为77.3%(157/203),降压药服用依从性为71.5%(552/772)、抗血小板药物服用依从性为71.2%(392/547),他汀类药服用依从性为71.2%(304/427)。调查结果显示49.2%(449/912)的患者具有积极的医疗与药物态度。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,在服用降压药的患者中,受教育程度较高(中学及以上:OR=1.87,95%CI=1.13~3.09)、具有积极的医疗与药物态度(OR=1.53,95%CI=1.08~2.17)的患者用药依从性高,可独立完成工作(OR=0.56,95%CI=0.32~0.99)、去村卫生所≥1次/月者(OR=0.68,95%CI=0.53~0.88)用药依从性较低(P<0.05)。在服用抗血小板药的患者中,受教育程度较高(中学及以上:OR=1.79,95%CI=1.09~2.96)的患者用药依从性较高,出血性脑卒中患者(OR=0.55,95%CI=0.31~0.98)用药依从性较低(P<0.05)。在服用他汀类药的患者中,去村卫生所≥1次/月者(OR=0.67,95%CI=0.46~0.98)用药依从性较低(P<0.05)。在服用降糖药的患者中,男性(OR=0.21,95%CI=0.06~0.73)、注册慢性疾病重大疾病保险(OR=0.34,95%CI=0.15~0.79)、去村卫生所≥1次/月者(OR=0.34,95%CI=0.13~0.89)用药依从性较低(P<0.05)。结论本研究结果显示,农村地区具有较长疾病史的脑卒中幸存者具有相对较高的用药依从性,但仍有近三成患者未能规律依从诊疗建议,不同药物类型依从行为的影响因素存在差异,应开展个性化的用药依从干预,增加患者的用药依从性及二级预防行为。展开更多
Background: Infertility is a unique medical challenge that can have health behavioral consequence on infertile women including lack of self-esteem, depression, anxiety, fertility problem in infertile couples. The aim ...Background: Infertility is a unique medical challenge that can have health behavioral consequence on infertile women including lack of self-esteem, depression, anxiety, fertility problem in infertile couples. The aim of this study was to evaluate correlation between self-efficacy and health behaviors scales in infertile women. Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted on 89 infertile women with mild to moderate depression (Beck scores 10 - 47) who were recruited from Fatemeh Zahra Infertility and Reproductive Health Research Center. All participants completed Self-efficacy Inventory (ISE) and other health behavioral scales (e.g., the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), Cattle Anxiety Scale (CAS), Fertility Problem Infertility (FPI), and GHQ). Pearson correlation coefficient and Spearman rho correlation coefficient were used to analyze the data. Variables were included in the study if they had a p-value展开更多
In this study, the concentration and spatial distribution of potentially toxic metals(PTMs), including arsenic(As), cadmium(Cd), chromium(Cr), lead(Pb), copper(Cu), iron(Fe), manganese(Mn), and magnesium(Mg) in 23 wel...In this study, the concentration and spatial distribution of potentially toxic metals(PTMs), including arsenic(As), cadmium(Cd), chromium(Cr), lead(Pb), copper(Cu), iron(Fe), manganese(Mn), and magnesium(Mg) in 23 wells and drinking groundwater distribution networks of Rafsanjan, located in southeast Iran were evaluated. Moreover, the assessment of carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risks was estimated by Monte Carlo simulation(MCS). The results showed that the concentrations of As and Pb in more than 99% and 23.46% of the study area, respectively, were higher than the maximum concentration level(10 μg/L). The mean concentration of other metals, including Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mg, and Mn in all drinking water resources was within the WHO standard level. The mean hazard quotient(HQ) for As in the age group of children was 9.246 and adults 2.972, indicating high non-carcinogenic risk of As in the study area. The lifetime cancer risk(LTCR) of As was 1.36 E-3 for adults and 1.52 E-2 for children, indicating high non-carcinogenic risk of As. The level of HQ and LTCR for Pb in both age groups was in the acceptable range. The results of sensitivity analysis showed that the most effective variables were pollutant concentration and body weight(BW), respectively. Finally, it can be concluded that exposure to PTMs, especially As through drinking water in the study area can have significant effects on people’s health living in the area;therefore, it is necessary to treat and remove As from groundwater resources before drinking or using for domestic purpose.展开更多
BACKGROUND: According to the fact that women account for the highest rate of victims of mental health loss during disasters, prioritization of their requirements is of remarkable signifi cance. Therefore, the present ...BACKGROUND: According to the fact that women account for the highest rate of victims of mental health loss during disasters, prioritization of their requirements is of remarkable signifi cance. Therefore, the present study was carried out with the aim to prioritize factors related to women's mental health during an earthquake. METHODS: This study was conducted using the Delphi method in 2017. Participants consisted of experts including psychologists, counselors and psychiatrists, social medicine specialists, and psychiatric-mental health nurses with experience in service and disaster awareness, especially earthquake. They were selected using purposive and snowball sampling methods. The Delphi method was used in 2 rounds with 21 components and the fi nal attendance of 19 participants and the collective agreement of 75%. RESULTS: Of the 21 factors related to women's mental health during the earthquake, the following components were, respectively, preferred by the participants: psychological well-being training, group relationships and support of women in emergency situations, fair treatment in the provision of rights and services to women, crisis awareness and management of behavior and diffi cult conditions, and social security during disasters with the total mean standard deviation (SD) of 13.4 (2.4), 13.0 (2.4), 12.7 (2.5), 12.5 (2.4), and 12.3 (2.2), respectively. CONCLUSION: Training in the fi eld of psychology and disasters, and social and cultural factors were prioritized among factors related to women's mental health during an earthquake. Therefore, the results of this study can be applied by the planners and executives of mental health, women and disasters, and the women's community itself.展开更多
Health-related quality of life (HRQOL) has not been investigated among Iranian industrial workers. The present paper aimed to study the influence of the socio-demographic, health and work-related factors on HRQOL amon...Health-related quality of life (HRQOL) has not been investigated among Iranian industrial workers. The present paper aimed to study the influence of the socio-demographic, health and work-related factors on HRQOL among Iranian industrial workers. In this cross-sectional study, participants were 280 workers of two factories. The Persian version of World Health Organization Quality of Life-Brief (WHOQOL-BREF) was used to assess the HRQOL. A questionnaire was developed to assess the socio-demographic, health and work-related factors. Results showed that the means (SD) of physical health, psychological health, social relationships, and environment domains of HRQOL were 13.2 (2.7), 13.3 (2.6), 14.2 (3.5) and 12.6 (2.5), respectively. A multiple linear regression showed that types of job, exercise activity, working schedule, sleep quality, smoking, and conflict between work and social life were significantly associated with physical health domain;whereas, working schedule, marital status, working demand, sleep quality, BMI, and conflict between work and individual life were significantly associated with psychological health domain. Working schedule, working demand, sleep quality, conflict between work and individual life, and having children over two years were significantly associated with social relationship domain;however, working demand, working schedule, smoking, sleep quality, working hour, job satisfaction, marital status and exercise activity were significantly associated with environment domain. Collectively, work-related factors including unhealthy working conditions, unsafe working environments, long working hours, irregular working schedules, and the lack of occupational training may negatively influence the HRQOL of workers. To improve workers’ HRQOL, intervention programs should focus on improving work environment, working schedule, occupational training and restricting working hours.展开更多
This study aims to provide a brief overview of the history and development of global health education(GHE)as academic degree programs worldwide,and to identify GHE’s development opportunities and obstacles in China.T...This study aims to provide a brief overview of the history and development of global health education(GHE)as academic degree programs worldwide,and to identify GHE’s development opportunities and obstacles in China.This is a state-of-the-art review of published and unpublished information that described and evaluated disciplinary development of global health degree programs worldwide,written in English,and published or shared between 1990 and 2020.Data were derived from official websites of leading global health institutions,like“Google Scholar”,“PubMed”,and unpublished information such as presentation files and unpublished manuscripts collected from knowledgeable leaders in the field.We retrieved and reviewed a total of 35 articles and a large amount of unpublished information or sources on the internet.Global Health emerged as a new discipline around the end of the last millennium and proliferated in the last two decades in developed nations,especially the United States and the United Kingdom.The development of China’s GHE programs was built on China’s increasing engagement in global health affairs and research.In 2012,Wuhan University established the first official global health department in China.Several universities such as Peking University and Duke Kunshan University subsequently set up departments or programs to offer undergraduate and postgraduate majors and degrees.The first school-level global health unit was established in Shanghai in 2019.The Consortium of Chinese Universities for Global Health(CCUGH)grew from 10 founding members in 2013 to 25 in 2020.Major desirable attributes“unique”to students majoring in global health include global-mindedness,health interests,compassion,intercultural sensitivity,and adventurous spirit.Graduates from GHE programs have a diverse set of career choices spanning research,government,not-for-profit,and private sector occupations.We identified a number of strengths,weaknesses,opportunities,and threats to the future development of GHE in China.To ensure sustainable future growth,we advocate addressing the following key aspects:(1)clearer disciplinary distinctions;(2)multidisciplinary collaborations;(3)public-sector investments;and(4)non-public sectors participation.Amidst China’s increasing engagement in health affairs globally and the proliferation of GHE programs in developed nations,China has experienced fast growth in GHE degree programs since 2012 while a number of challenges remain for its future development.展开更多
文摘The Belt and Road Initiative has brought rich and diverse possibilities to global cooperation,recommending that countries strengthen multilateral cooperation,help each other,and jointly face and resolve various risks.
基金This work was supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea grant funded by the Korean government (Ministry of Science and ICT.MSIT) (No.2018R1C1B6007828)
文摘Objectives: Changing the culture in nursing homes in South Korea comes with challenges,and the key issues of resident-centered care have been described.This study aims to describe health personnel's experience in providing resident-centered care in nursing homes.Methods: Qualitative data were collected through individual and focus group interviews consisting of registered nurses (n =4),certified nurse assistants (n =2),and long-term caregivers (n =12) working at nursing homes in South Korea.The participants (n-18) completed the interviews from May to June 2018,and all interviews were recorded,transcribed,and analyzed by employing the content analysis method.Results: Five main categories are conceptualized: (1) residents' participation in decision making,(2) the sharing of the history and story of residents,(3) the recognition of facility-or task-based attitudes,(4) the guarantee of private time and space for residents,and (5) the need for standardized guidelines.Conclusions: Results corroborate that health personnel regard resident-centered care as a desirable nursing paradigm.However,facility-or task-centered care is the most effective in hectic situations.A standardized protocol on the application of resident-centered care based on the facility-tailored specification is unavailable.Therefore,health personnel's perception and practice of resident-centered care can differ.Efficient nursing intervention programs should be developed after clarifying facility culture.
文摘Background:Facelift procedures represent a critical area of aesthetic and reconstructive surgery that addresses the physical and psychological impacts of facial aging.Advancements in techniques and technologies over time have transformed the field,making it essential to assess the evolution of research trends.This study performed a bibliometric analysis of facelift research by examining the top 50 most cited publications to evaluate their contributions,thematic evolution,and collaborative networks.Methods:The Scopus database was used to identify relevant publications.A total of 50 documents were selected,comprising 47 articles and 3 reviews published across 16 academic sources.The inclusion criteria focused on publications with substantial relevance to facelift research;this ensured comprehensive coverage of the topic.Key performance indicators(for the authors)such as the number of papers,total citations,h-index,g-index,m-index,HG composite,and Q2 index were calculated.Citation analysis and collaborative network mapping were conducted to identify the leading contributors,including authors,universities,countries,and sources.Results:The findings indicated an annual growth rate of 1.34%,with an average document age of 29.4 years and an average citation count per document of 134.9.The analysis identified the top authors and their collaborative networks,along with key contributions from various universities,countries,and sources.The thematic evolution of facelift research was examined across these 50 papers;this revealed important trends and shifts within the field.Conclusion:This bibliometric analysis offers valuable insights into the development and influence of facelift research over a 52-year span.It highlights significant contributors and outlines thematic shifts,providing directions for future research and collaboration in this field.
基金supported by the Ministry of Science and Technology of the People’s Republic of China under the“New Generation Artificial Intelligence”Major Project of Science and Technology Innovation 2030(2020AAA0105002).
文摘Irrational drug use and prescription safety are pressing global concerns.The World Health Organization estimated that over half of all prescriptions worldwide contain errors,leading to substantial harm[1,2].In China,prescription errors occur at a rate of 32%,and improper medication use is reported in over 70%of households[3,4].Vulnerable populations,including children(16.7%)and older adults(30.4%),are particularly affected[5].
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.82072529(to HWHT)Key Laboratory of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes,No.2021KSYS009(to HWHT)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation,No.2022M720907(to HHG)。
文摘Alzheimer's disease is the primary cause of dementia and imposes a significant socioeconomic burden globally.Physical exercise,as an effective strategy for improving general health,has been largely reported for its effectiveness in slowing neurodegeneration and increasing brain functional plasticity,particularly in aging brains.However,the underlying mechanisms of exercise in cognitive aging remain largely unclear.Adiponectin,a cell-secreted protein hormone,has recently been found to regulate synaptic plasticity and mediate the antidepressant effects of physical exercise.Studies on the neuroprotective effects of adiponectin have revealed potential innovative treatments for Alzheimer's disease.Here,we reviewed the functions of adiponectin and its receptor in the brains of human and animal models of cognitive impairment.We summarized the role of adiponectin in Alzheimer's disease,focusing on its impact on energy metabolism,insulin resistance,and inflammation.We also discuss how exercise increases adiponectin secretion and its potential benefits for learning and memory.Finally,we highlight the latest research on chemical compounds that mimic exerciseenhanced secretion of adiponectin and its receptor in Alzheimer's disease.
文摘背景良好用药依从性可显著降低脑卒中患者复发风险,是脑卒中患者二级预防的关键。然而,现有研究多针对农村脑卒中患者的短期用药及依从行为,而对同类患者的长期用药依从行为的研究较为有限。目的本研究旨在分析中国农村地区脑卒中幸存者的长期用药行为、依从态度与行为,并识别与用药行为相关的因素。方法基于2017年在河北省南和县5个乡镇、60个村开展的农村地区脑卒中患者管理研究——中国农村地区脑卒中管理的系统整合技术辅助照护模式研究(SINEMA),本研究对象为曾参与过2017年SINEMA研究且同意参与2024年5—7月随访并完成调查的所有脑卒中幸存者。调查研究对象降压药、他汀类药、抗血小板药和降糖药的用药情况,并使用Maastricht Utrecht Adherence in Hypertension-16(MUAH-16)量表评估其用药依从态度(积极的医疗与药物态度维度)。采用Morisky Green Levine量表测量服用4类药物的患者的用药依从行为(得分为0分定义为依从性高)。使用描述性分析展示患者基本特征、用药依从性状况和多因素Logistic回归分析识别出的相关因素。结果本研究共纳入912名研究对象,平均年龄为(72.0±7.9)岁,其中女性占46.1%(420/912);在药物服用方面,有772例(84.6%)患者自报服用降压药,547例(59.9%)服用抗血小板药,427例(46.8%)服用他汀类药,以及203例(22.3%)服用降糖药。在正在服用4类药物的人群中,降糖药服用依从性为77.3%(157/203),降压药服用依从性为71.5%(552/772)、抗血小板药物服用依从性为71.2%(392/547),他汀类药服用依从性为71.2%(304/427)。调查结果显示49.2%(449/912)的患者具有积极的医疗与药物态度。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,在服用降压药的患者中,受教育程度较高(中学及以上:OR=1.87,95%CI=1.13~3.09)、具有积极的医疗与药物态度(OR=1.53,95%CI=1.08~2.17)的患者用药依从性高,可独立完成工作(OR=0.56,95%CI=0.32~0.99)、去村卫生所≥1次/月者(OR=0.68,95%CI=0.53~0.88)用药依从性较低(P<0.05)。在服用抗血小板药的患者中,受教育程度较高(中学及以上:OR=1.79,95%CI=1.09~2.96)的患者用药依从性较高,出血性脑卒中患者(OR=0.55,95%CI=0.31~0.98)用药依从性较低(P<0.05)。在服用他汀类药的患者中,去村卫生所≥1次/月者(OR=0.67,95%CI=0.46~0.98)用药依从性较低(P<0.05)。在服用降糖药的患者中,男性(OR=0.21,95%CI=0.06~0.73)、注册慢性疾病重大疾病保险(OR=0.34,95%CI=0.15~0.79)、去村卫生所≥1次/月者(OR=0.34,95%CI=0.13~0.89)用药依从性较低(P<0.05)。结论本研究结果显示,农村地区具有较长疾病史的脑卒中幸存者具有相对较高的用药依从性,但仍有近三成患者未能规律依从诊疗建议,不同药物类型依从行为的影响因素存在差异,应开展个性化的用药依从干预,增加患者的用药依从性及二级预防行为。
文摘Background: Infertility is a unique medical challenge that can have health behavioral consequence on infertile women including lack of self-esteem, depression, anxiety, fertility problem in infertile couples. The aim of this study was to evaluate correlation between self-efficacy and health behaviors scales in infertile women. Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted on 89 infertile women with mild to moderate depression (Beck scores 10 - 47) who were recruited from Fatemeh Zahra Infertility and Reproductive Health Research Center. All participants completed Self-efficacy Inventory (ISE) and other health behavioral scales (e.g., the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), Cattle Anxiety Scale (CAS), Fertility Problem Infertility (FPI), and GHQ). Pearson correlation coefficient and Spearman rho correlation coefficient were used to analyze the data. Variables were included in the study if they had a p-value
基金the result of a research project with code 97361 approved by the Workplace Research Center of Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences with the ethics code IR.RUMS.REC.1398.021 from the Vice Chancellor for Research of Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciencesowed to Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences for its supports。
文摘In this study, the concentration and spatial distribution of potentially toxic metals(PTMs), including arsenic(As), cadmium(Cd), chromium(Cr), lead(Pb), copper(Cu), iron(Fe), manganese(Mn), and magnesium(Mg) in 23 wells and drinking groundwater distribution networks of Rafsanjan, located in southeast Iran were evaluated. Moreover, the assessment of carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risks was estimated by Monte Carlo simulation(MCS). The results showed that the concentrations of As and Pb in more than 99% and 23.46% of the study area, respectively, were higher than the maximum concentration level(10 μg/L). The mean concentration of other metals, including Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mg, and Mn in all drinking water resources was within the WHO standard level. The mean hazard quotient(HQ) for As in the age group of children was 9.246 and adults 2.972, indicating high non-carcinogenic risk of As in the study area. The lifetime cancer risk(LTCR) of As was 1.36 E-3 for adults and 1.52 E-2 for children, indicating high non-carcinogenic risk of As. The level of HQ and LTCR for Pb in both age groups was in the acceptable range. The results of sensitivity analysis showed that the most effective variables were pollutant concentration and body weight(BW), respectively. Finally, it can be concluded that exposure to PTMs, especially As through drinking water in the study area can have significant effects on people’s health living in the area;therefore, it is necessary to treat and remove As from groundwater resources before drinking or using for domestic purpose.
文摘BACKGROUND: According to the fact that women account for the highest rate of victims of mental health loss during disasters, prioritization of their requirements is of remarkable signifi cance. Therefore, the present study was carried out with the aim to prioritize factors related to women's mental health during an earthquake. METHODS: This study was conducted using the Delphi method in 2017. Participants consisted of experts including psychologists, counselors and psychiatrists, social medicine specialists, and psychiatric-mental health nurses with experience in service and disaster awareness, especially earthquake. They were selected using purposive and snowball sampling methods. The Delphi method was used in 2 rounds with 21 components and the fi nal attendance of 19 participants and the collective agreement of 75%. RESULTS: Of the 21 factors related to women's mental health during the earthquake, the following components were, respectively, preferred by the participants: psychological well-being training, group relationships and support of women in emergency situations, fair treatment in the provision of rights and services to women, crisis awareness and management of behavior and diffi cult conditions, and social security during disasters with the total mean standard deviation (SD) of 13.4 (2.4), 13.0 (2.4), 12.7 (2.5), 12.5 (2.4), and 12.3 (2.2), respectively. CONCLUSION: Training in the fi eld of psychology and disasters, and social and cultural factors were prioritized among factors related to women's mental health during an earthquake. Therefore, the results of this study can be applied by the planners and executives of mental health, women and disasters, and the women's community itself.
文摘Health-related quality of life (HRQOL) has not been investigated among Iranian industrial workers. The present paper aimed to study the influence of the socio-demographic, health and work-related factors on HRQOL among Iranian industrial workers. In this cross-sectional study, participants were 280 workers of two factories. The Persian version of World Health Organization Quality of Life-Brief (WHOQOL-BREF) was used to assess the HRQOL. A questionnaire was developed to assess the socio-demographic, health and work-related factors. Results showed that the means (SD) of physical health, psychological health, social relationships, and environment domains of HRQOL were 13.2 (2.7), 13.3 (2.6), 14.2 (3.5) and 12.6 (2.5), respectively. A multiple linear regression showed that types of job, exercise activity, working schedule, sleep quality, smoking, and conflict between work and social life were significantly associated with physical health domain;whereas, working schedule, marital status, working demand, sleep quality, BMI, and conflict between work and individual life were significantly associated with psychological health domain. Working schedule, working demand, sleep quality, conflict between work and individual life, and having children over two years were significantly associated with social relationship domain;however, working demand, working schedule, smoking, sleep quality, working hour, job satisfaction, marital status and exercise activity were significantly associated with environment domain. Collectively, work-related factors including unhealthy working conditions, unsafe working environments, long working hours, irregular working schedules, and the lack of occupational training may negatively influence the HRQOL of workers. To improve workers’ HRQOL, intervention programs should focus on improving work environment, working schedule, occupational training and restricting working hours.
基金partially funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.NSFC 71774075).
文摘This study aims to provide a brief overview of the history and development of global health education(GHE)as academic degree programs worldwide,and to identify GHE’s development opportunities and obstacles in China.This is a state-of-the-art review of published and unpublished information that described and evaluated disciplinary development of global health degree programs worldwide,written in English,and published or shared between 1990 and 2020.Data were derived from official websites of leading global health institutions,like“Google Scholar”,“PubMed”,and unpublished information such as presentation files and unpublished manuscripts collected from knowledgeable leaders in the field.We retrieved and reviewed a total of 35 articles and a large amount of unpublished information or sources on the internet.Global Health emerged as a new discipline around the end of the last millennium and proliferated in the last two decades in developed nations,especially the United States and the United Kingdom.The development of China’s GHE programs was built on China’s increasing engagement in global health affairs and research.In 2012,Wuhan University established the first official global health department in China.Several universities such as Peking University and Duke Kunshan University subsequently set up departments or programs to offer undergraduate and postgraduate majors and degrees.The first school-level global health unit was established in Shanghai in 2019.The Consortium of Chinese Universities for Global Health(CCUGH)grew from 10 founding members in 2013 to 25 in 2020.Major desirable attributes“unique”to students majoring in global health include global-mindedness,health interests,compassion,intercultural sensitivity,and adventurous spirit.Graduates from GHE programs have a diverse set of career choices spanning research,government,not-for-profit,and private sector occupations.We identified a number of strengths,weaknesses,opportunities,and threats to the future development of GHE in China.To ensure sustainable future growth,we advocate addressing the following key aspects:(1)clearer disciplinary distinctions;(2)multidisciplinary collaborations;(3)public-sector investments;and(4)non-public sectors participation.Amidst China’s increasing engagement in health affairs globally and the proliferation of GHE programs in developed nations,China has experienced fast growth in GHE degree programs since 2012 while a number of challenges remain for its future development.
