Objective:To identify circulating HPV types among urban Indonesian women and their specific co-infection patterns in bid to curb HPV infection in the general population and minimize its complications.Methods:Urban Ind...Objective:To identify circulating HPV types among urban Indonesian women and their specific co-infection patterns in bid to curb HPV infection in the general population and minimize its complications.Methods:Urban Indonesian women from general population were selected as sample framework.Sample size and distribution across regions were determined by the Indonesian Bureau of Statistics(Badan Pusat Statistik,BPS),which represented the national level.Up to 35408 cervical swab specimens were collected from August to September 2016 in 34 Indonesian provinces,categorized into six regions based on the development criteria set by the Ministry of National Development Planning(Badan Perencanaan Pembangunan Nasional,BAPPENAS).From all 1874 samples identified as HPV-positive,hybrid capture was implemented to evaluate type-specific HPV.This study analyzed descriptive data to determine the core-cluster of HPV combination.Co-occurrence HPV network was assessed using‘qgraph’package version 1.6.3 and computed in R version 3.6.3.Two-HPV association was analyzed in logistic regression using bias-reduction generalized linear model(brglm2)package version 0.5.1 adjusted by age and six main Indonesian regions.Results:The logistic regression analysis demonstrated that HPV type 52 had rare relationship despite its common co-occurrence,cementing its role in single HPV infection.HPV type 16 and 18 tended to form infection cluster and were strongly associated with other types.Conclusions:HPV type 52 was the most frequent HPV type among urban Indonesian women and accounted for most single infection cases.Concurrently,HPV 16 and HPV 18 accounted for most multiple infection cases and had strong tendency to attract other types,which may add further complications.However,due to lack of cytology and histological examination and information for other potential determinants,further in-depth studies are necessary to confirm whether these infection patterns truly connect to certain clinical outcomes.展开更多
The present study is the first assessment of inorganic arsenic exposure from various fishery products to the Indonesian population based on a national total diet study(TDS).Based on the TDS report on food chemical con...The present study is the first assessment of inorganic arsenic exposure from various fishery products to the Indonesian population based on a national total diet study(TDS).Based on the TDS report on food chemical contaminants,fish and processed fishery products are among the foodstuffs significantly contributing to total arsenic(t-As)exposure in Indonesia.However,there is no assessment yet for the Indonesian population to inorganic arsenic(i-As),which is known as the most harmful of arsenic compounds as it potentially promotes acute and chronic poisoning.The present assessment is aimed to estimate the exposure to i-As from fish and processed fishery products as well as the level of health risks in different age groups in Indonesia,based on the available t-As concentration data.The results showed that the mean exposure to t-As and i-As from fish and processed fishery products in various age groups were 1.19-2.67 μg/kg bw/day and 0.04-0.08 mg/kg bw/day,respectively.Exposure in various age groups revealed that the highest arsenic exposure was in toddlers(0-4 years)and the lowest in the age group of 19-55 years.Wet seasonings and marine fish consumption led to the most contributors to i-As exposure.The carcinogenic risk of i-As exposure based on the margin of exposure(MOE)demonstrated a low to moderate risk.However,a particular concern to the toddler group is required as the cancer risk(CR)value is higher than the acceptable threshold(>10^(-4)).Additionally,the hazard quotient(HQ)of i-As exposure was determined as a low possibility of chronic risk.展开更多
基金Ministry of Health,Republic of Indonesia provided financial assistance to support this study from their annual budget allocation.
文摘Objective:To identify circulating HPV types among urban Indonesian women and their specific co-infection patterns in bid to curb HPV infection in the general population and minimize its complications.Methods:Urban Indonesian women from general population were selected as sample framework.Sample size and distribution across regions were determined by the Indonesian Bureau of Statistics(Badan Pusat Statistik,BPS),which represented the national level.Up to 35408 cervical swab specimens were collected from August to September 2016 in 34 Indonesian provinces,categorized into six regions based on the development criteria set by the Ministry of National Development Planning(Badan Perencanaan Pembangunan Nasional,BAPPENAS).From all 1874 samples identified as HPV-positive,hybrid capture was implemented to evaluate type-specific HPV.This study analyzed descriptive data to determine the core-cluster of HPV combination.Co-occurrence HPV network was assessed using‘qgraph’package version 1.6.3 and computed in R version 3.6.3.Two-HPV association was analyzed in logistic regression using bias-reduction generalized linear model(brglm2)package version 0.5.1 adjusted by age and six main Indonesian regions.Results:The logistic regression analysis demonstrated that HPV type 52 had rare relationship despite its common co-occurrence,cementing its role in single HPV infection.HPV type 16 and 18 tended to form infection cluster and were strongly associated with other types.Conclusions:HPV type 52 was the most frequent HPV type among urban Indonesian women and accounted for most single infection cases.Concurrently,HPV 16 and HPV 18 accounted for most multiple infection cases and had strong tendency to attract other types,which may add further complications.However,due to lack of cytology and histological examination and information for other potential determinants,further in-depth studies are necessary to confirm whether these infection patterns truly connect to certain clinical outcomes.
文摘The present study is the first assessment of inorganic arsenic exposure from various fishery products to the Indonesian population based on a national total diet study(TDS).Based on the TDS report on food chemical contaminants,fish and processed fishery products are among the foodstuffs significantly contributing to total arsenic(t-As)exposure in Indonesia.However,there is no assessment yet for the Indonesian population to inorganic arsenic(i-As),which is known as the most harmful of arsenic compounds as it potentially promotes acute and chronic poisoning.The present assessment is aimed to estimate the exposure to i-As from fish and processed fishery products as well as the level of health risks in different age groups in Indonesia,based on the available t-As concentration data.The results showed that the mean exposure to t-As and i-As from fish and processed fishery products in various age groups were 1.19-2.67 μg/kg bw/day and 0.04-0.08 mg/kg bw/day,respectively.Exposure in various age groups revealed that the highest arsenic exposure was in toddlers(0-4 years)and the lowest in the age group of 19-55 years.Wet seasonings and marine fish consumption led to the most contributors to i-As exposure.The carcinogenic risk of i-As exposure based on the margin of exposure(MOE)demonstrated a low to moderate risk.However,a particular concern to the toddler group is required as the cancer risk(CR)value is higher than the acceptable threshold(>10^(-4)).Additionally,the hazard quotient(HQ)of i-As exposure was determined as a low possibility of chronic risk.
