The popularization of health science is an important part of the Plan of Healthy China 2030.It is of great significance to establish the evaluation standard of health works for public in order to solve the problem of ...The popularization of health science is an important part of the Plan of Healthy China 2030.It is of great significance to establish the evaluation standard of health works for public in order to solve the problem of mixed quality in the field of health science popularization in China.The scientific evaluation of health science should be based on evidence-based method,according to six aspects:author,evidence selection,evidence application,evidence evaluation,peer review&publishing platform and conflict of interest.展开更多
The World Health Organization (WHO) notes that mental illness accounts for 13% of the world’s disease burden, yet most countries under invest despite the social and economic costs of mental illness. It has been sugge...The World Health Organization (WHO) notes that mental illness accounts for 13% of the world’s disease burden, yet most countries under invest despite the social and economic costs of mental illness. It has been suggested that this lack of investment may be a result of stigma. A number of high income countries invest 10% or more in their mental health services. Although Canada is a high income country, its mental health spending is 7.2% according to the WHO Mental Health Atlas. This article will review the factors influencing Canada and its provinces’ under investment in mental health, compare its performance with other countries and make the case on why and how this could change.展开更多
Air quality is impacting health in many cities in most countries because of particulate pollution, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide, and ozone. Very small particulates from engine emissions and coal fired electric pow...Air quality is impacting health in many cities in most countries because of particulate pollution, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide, and ozone. Very small particulates from engine emissions and coal fired electric power plants enter the lungs and pollute the blood of urban residents leading to a burden of disease with more than 3 million premature deaths per year attributed to outdoor air pollution. Welfare losses including premature deaths associated with air pollution were about $5 trillion in 2013. A global transition to electric vehicles, and the generation of electricity without combustion emissions would improve air quality significantly and reduce greenhouse gas emissions. This transition is in progress in many parts of the world with more than 2 million electric vehicles in service in 2017. Electric bus and electric taxi sales are increasing, and many large cities have multiple programs to improve air quality. When health costs are considered, it is very appropriate for communities to take action to improve air quality and health. This work reviews and reports many positive actions that are in progress in larger cities.展开更多
China’s health food product industry began about 20 years ago and is currently ranked fourth in sales behind the United States,Japan and Europe.Total sales for 2012 were approximately$15.8 bil-lion,according to figur...China’s health food product industry began about 20 years ago and is currently ranked fourth in sales behind the United States,Japan and Europe.Total sales for 2012 were approximately$15.8 bil-lion,according to figure provided by China Health Care As-展开更多
Adequate vegetable intake is important in reducing the risk of lifestyle-related diseases;however, intake amongst young Japanese adults is poor. This study aimed to assess the effect of daily intake of a commercially ...Adequate vegetable intake is important in reducing the risk of lifestyle-related diseases;however, intake amongst young Japanese adults is poor. This study aimed to assess the effect of daily intake of a commercially available vegetable juice on nutritional status and metabolic syndrome-related markers in healthy young adults. Fifty-one healthy adults (14 men, 37 women), age 20 - 22 years were recruited, and their food and nutritional intake was surveyed using an FFQ based on Food Groups. Subjects were divided into either a control group, who were not administered vegetable juice, or an intervention group, who consumed 200 mL vegetable juice daily for 2 months. Anthropometric data, serum carotenoid concentrations, blood and urinary parameters were measured at baseline and at 2 months. The average intake of vegetables in all subjects at baseline was approximately 140 g/day, less than half the dose recommended by the Japanese government. Total serum carotenoid concentration in the intervention group doubled from baseline after 2 months. In particular, serum concentrations of α-carotene, β-carotene, and lycopene were increased. In the intervention group, 24-hour urinary potassium excretion increased significantly, and 24-hour urinary sodium to potassium ratio decreased significantly. Waist circumference and systolic blood pressure also decreased significantly. Daily intake of a commercial vegetable juice for 2 months improved nutritional status in young adults with inadequate vegetable intake, shown by improved serum carotenoid and urine potassium levels. In addition, intake of vegetable juice may be beneficial in reducing the risk of metabolic syndrome.展开更多
Objective:Intimate partner violence(IPV)among people living with the human immune deficiency virus(PLHIV)poses a significant threat to efforts to reduce the spread of human immune deficiency virus(HIV)and achieve the ...Objective:Intimate partner violence(IPV)among people living with the human immune deficiency virus(PLHIV)poses a significant threat to efforts to reduce the spread of human immune deficiency virus(HIV)and achieve the sustainable development goals.In Ghana,scholarly research on the forms and prevalence of IPV is available,however knowledge of the prevalence of IPV among PLHIV is limited.To understand the prevalence of IPV among PLHIV and the intersectional factors that contribute to it,this study examined the overall prevalence of IPV among PLHIV and the associated sociodemographic factors across ten regions of Ghana.Methods:We administered face-to-face survey questionnaires to 661 randomly selected antiretroviral therapy(ART)clients using Research Electronic Data Capture tools.We used descriptive statistics(mean,standard deviation,minimum,and maximum),pairwise correlation,and multivariate regression analysis to look at the data.Results:The clients of ART experienced various forms of IPV,including sexual,physical,emotional,and economic violence and controlling behaviour.The overall prevalence of IPV among PLHIV was 27.5%.This result,although on par with the global IPV average(27%),is 1.5%higher than the national rate(26%).The Upper West Region had the highest prevalence in all the categories of IPV analysed,followed by Oti Region in second place and the Upper East Region in third,except for the prevalence of sexual violence,where Greater Accra Region ranks second.In specific regions of Ghana,sociodemographic factors shaped by patriarchal and economic considerations contribute to a higher prevalence of IPV among people living with HIV.Conclusion:The findings have implications for developing policies and interventions that address the specific factors associated with HIV-induced IPV in different regions of Ghana.These interventions should also include screening PLHIV receiving ART for their IPV status regardless of gender and deploying culturally appropriate education at the community level to foster empathy towards intimate partners living with HIV.展开更多
AIM:To evaluate a new single-operator mini-endoscope, Spyglass,for its performance,feasibility and safety in the management of pancreaticobiliary disease. METHODS:In a multicenter retrospective analysis of patients un...AIM:To evaluate a new single-operator mini-endoscope, Spyglass,for its performance,feasibility and safety in the management of pancreaticobiliary disease. METHODS:In a multicenter retrospective analysis of patients undergoing intraductal endoscopy,we evaluated 128 patients(71 men,mean age 57.6 years).Indications were therapeutic(TX)in 72(56%) and diagnostic(DX)in 56(44%). RESULTS:Peroral endoscopy was performed in 121 and percutaneous in seven.TX indications included CBD stones in 41,PD stones in six,and biliary strictures in 25.DX indications included abnormal LFT’s in 15, abnormal imaging in 38 and cholangiocarcinoma staging in three.Visualization of the stone(s)was considered good in 31,fair in six,and poor in four. Advancement of the electrohydraulic lithotripsy probe was not possible in three patients and proper targeting of the lesion was partial in four patients.A holmium laser was used successfully in three patients.Ductal clearance was achieved in 37 patients after one procedure and in four patients after two procedures.Diagnosis of biliary strictures was modified in 20/29 and confirmed to be malignant in 10/23.Of the modified patients,no diagnosis was available in 17.Spyglass demonstrated malignancy in 8/17 and non-malignancy in nine.Suspected pathology by imaging studies and abnormal LFT’s was modified in 43/63(66%).Staging of cholangiocarcinoma demonstrated multicentric cholangiocarcinoma in 2/3.There was no morbidity associated with the use of Spyglass. CONCLUSION:Spyglass Spyscopeis a first generation, single operator miniature endoscope that can evaluate and treat various biliary and pancreatic tract diseases.展开更多
BACKGROUND Chronic pancreatitis(CP)is a fibroinflammatory syndrome leading to reduced quality of life and shortened life expectancy.Population-based estimates of the incidence,prevalence,and comorbidities of CP in Chi...BACKGROUND Chronic pancreatitis(CP)is a fibroinflammatory syndrome leading to reduced quality of life and shortened life expectancy.Population-based estimates of the incidence,prevalence,and comorbidities of CP in China are scarce.AIM To characterize the incidence,prevalence,and comorbidities of CP in Sichuan Province,China,with population-based data.METHODS Data on CP from 2015 to 2021 were obtained from the Health Information Center of Sichuan Province.During the study period,a total of 38090 individuals were diagnosed with CP in Sichuan Province.The yearly incidence rate and point prevalence rate(December 31,2021)of CP were calculated.The prevalence of comorbid conditions in CP patients was estimated.The annual number of CPrelated hospitalizations,hospital length of stay,and hospitalization costs for CP were evaluated.Yearly incidence rates were standardized for age by the direct method using the permanent population of Sichuan Province in the 2020 census as the standard population.An analysis of variance test for the linearity of scaled variables and the Cochran-Armitage trend test for categorical data were performed to investigate the yearly trends,and a two-sided test with P<0.05 was considered statistically significant.RESULTS The 38090 CP patients comprised 23280 males and 14810 females.The mean age of patients at CP diagnosis was 57.83 years,with male patients(55.87 years)being younger than female patients(60.11 years)(P<0.001).The mean incidence rate of CP during the study period was 6.81 per 100000 person-years,and the incidence of CP increased each year,from 4.03 per 100000 person-years in 2015 to 8.27 per 100000 person-years in 2021(P<0.001).The point prevalence rate of CP in 2021 was 45.52 per 100000 individuals for the total population,with rates of 55.04 per 100000 individuals for men and 35.78 per 100000 individuals for women(P<0.001).Individuals aged 65 years or older had the highest prevalence of CP(113.38 per 100000 individuals)(P<0.001).Diabetes(26.32%)was the most common comorbidity in CP patients.The number of CP-related hospitalizations increased from 3739 in 2015 to 11009 in 2021.The total costs for CP-related hospitalizations for CP patients over the study period were 667.96 million yuan,with an average of 17538 yuan per patient.CONCLUSION The yearly incidence of CP is increasing,and the overall CP hospitalization cost has increased by 1.4 times during the last 7 years,indicating that CP remains a heavy health burden.展开更多
Plastic and polymer additives (PA) have unique rational advantages for various water and food packaging applications. However, their (bio)chemical natures are recently recognized for their negative human health impact...Plastic and polymer additives (PA) have unique rational advantages for various water and food packaging applications. However, their (bio)chemical natures are recently recognized for their negative human health impacts. The major adverse consequence of these additives in consumer products is in the form of endocrine-disruption related health-downgrades. Such findings still remain underappreciated in most parts globally;part of which could be ascribed to fragmented studies towards better understanding on the occurrence, release and migration, human exposure, epidemiology and risk assessment of PA from packaging materials. In addition there is limited and disconnected dissemination of research findings on PA effects and mitigation measures to society at present. In light of appropriateness of this topic, a trans-disciplinary research agenda is required for addressing exposure routes to PA, human health burden and prevention measures. This perspective article discusses important research questions relating to PA, which try to shed light to a grey scientific area and help increase consumers’ awareness and intervention to such exposures.展开更多
Breast cancer is a major health problem in the world. It is the most common cancer in women and is equally the leading cause of cancer death in women. Though in controversy Breast self-examination (BSE) remains a usef...Breast cancer is a major health problem in the world. It is the most common cancer in women and is equally the leading cause of cancer death in women. Though in controversy Breast self-examination (BSE) remains a useful tool in early diagnosis of breast cancer. The aim of this study was to evaluate the knowledge, attitude and practice of BSE amongst women in Yaoundé and Monatele. We carried out a cross sectional study in two communities of Cameron over a period of eight months, targeting females older than 15 years. After obtaining authorization, we randomly interviewed 402 consenting participants, using a pretested questionnaire. Data were entered using CS Pro 7.3 and analysed using SPSS 23. Of a total of 402 participants, 256 (63.7%) in Monatele and 146 (36.3%) in Yaoundé VI, the mean age was 26.55 ± 9.57 years. Exactly 50% (201) had earlier heard of BSE. Health personnel and media represented the main sources of information on BSE. Of the total, 46 (11.4%) knew BSE should be done monthly. Fifty-three percent had poor knowledge and 51.0% had a generally low attitude towards BSE. Out of 402 participants, 65.2% reported not practicing BSE. For those practicing, 71.6% had poor practices. The main reason for not practicing was lack of knowledge. Poor knowledge increased poor practice. In conclusion half of the women had heard about BSE even though the majority had a poor knowledge on BSE and very low overall attitude and practice. Health personnel and media played a key role in passing of information. Increasing the number of health campaigns, multiplying TV shows and health talks about breast self-examination will improve knowledge and hence attitude and practice.展开更多
Background:Tuberculosis remains a major public-health problem in the world, despite several efforts to improve case identification and treatment. Particularly multidrug-resistant tuberculosis is becoming a major threa...Background:Tuberculosis remains a major public-health problem in the world, despite several efforts to improve case identification and treatment. Particularly multidrug-resistant tuberculosis is becoming a major threat to tuberculosis control programs in Ethiopia which seriously threatens the control and prevention efforts and is associated with both high death rates and treatment costs. Methods: A case-control study was conducted to assess risk factors and characteristics of MDR-TB cases at ALERT Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, where cases were 167 MDR-TB patients, while controls were newly diagnosed and bacteriologically confirmed pulmonary TB cases of similar number, who were matched by sex and age of 5-years interval. Results: The socio-demographic characteristics of the participants indicated that majority (53.3%) were males and 46.7% females;a little over half of cases (55.1%) were in the age group 26 - 45 years, whereas 46.7% of controls were in this age group. According to the multivariable logistic regression analysis, previous history of hospital admission was the only factor that was identified as predictor which increased risk to develop MDR-TB by almost twenty times (AOR = 19.5;95% CI: 9.17 - 41.62) and P-value of <0.05. All other studied factor such as being unemployed, family size, having member of household member with TB, and history of visiting hospital in past 12 months etc., didn’t show any statistically significant association. Conclusion: The study identified previous history of hospital admission as independent predictors for the occurrence of MDR-TB, while other studied variables didn’t show any strong association. The findings added to the pool of knowledge emphasizing the need for instituting strong infection control practice at health care facilities to prevent nosocomial transmission of MDR-TB.展开更多
AIM To study exercise capacity and determinants of early peak oxygen consumption(VO_(2peak)) in a cohort of de novo heart transplant(HTx) recipients. METHODS To determine possible central(chronotropic responses, cardi...AIM To study exercise capacity and determinants of early peak oxygen consumption(VO_(2peak)) in a cohort of de novo heart transplant(HTx) recipients. METHODS To determine possible central(chronotropic responses, cardiopulmonary and hemodynamic function) and peripheral factors(muscular exercise capacity and body composition) predictive of VO_(2peak), a number of different measurements and tests were performed, as follows: Cardiopulmonary exercise testing(CPET) was performed mean 11 wk after surgery in 81 HTx recipients > 18 years and was measured with breath by breath gas exchange on a treadmill or bicycle ergometer. Metabolic/respiratory measures include VO_(2peak) and VE/VCO2 slope. Additional measures included muscle strength testing, bioelectrical impedance analysis, echocardiography, blood sampling and health-related quality of life. Based on the VO_(2peak)(mL/kg per minute) median value, the study population was divided into two groups defined as a low-capacity group and a high-capacity group. Potential predictors were analyzed using multiple regression analysis with VO_(2peak)(L/min) as the dependent variable.RESULTS The mean ± standard deviation(SD) age of the total study population was 49 ± 13 years, and 73% were men. This de novo HTx cohort demonstrated a median VO_(2peak) level of 19.4 mL/kg per min at 11 ± 1.8 wk postHTx. As compared with the high-capacity group, the low-capacity group exercised for a shorter time, had lower maximal ventilation, O_2 pulse, peak heart rate and heart rate reserve, while the VE/VCO_2 slope was higher. The low-capacity group had less muscle strength and muscular exercise capacity in comparison with the highcapacity group. In order of importance, O_2 pulse, heart rate reserve, muscular exercise capacity, body mass index, gender and age accounted for 84% of the variance in VO_(2peak)(L/min). There were no minor or major serious adverse events during the CPET. CONCLUSION Although there is great individual variance among de novo HTx recipients, early VO_(2peak) measures appear to be influenced by both central and peripheral factors.展开更多
Morbid night crying is often found in infants. Applying acupuncture at Zhongchong (PC 9) point, the author treated 100 infants with morbid night crying and achieved satisfactory therapeutic effects. The results ar... Morbid night crying is often found in infants. Applying acupuncture at Zhongchong (PC 9) point, the author treated 100 infants with morbid night crying and achieved satisfactory therapeutic effects. The results are reported as follows.……展开更多
The present study was initiated to make an urban rural comparison of the prevalence of cases positive to hepatitis B and C virus (HBV and HCV, respectively) infection markers in densely populated eastern half of Chin...The present study was initiated to make an urban rural comparison of the prevalence of cases positive to hepatitis B and C virus (HBV and HCV, respectively) infection markers in densely populated eastern half of China. For this purpose, 10 survey sites were selected, i.e., six sites in urban areas (the city group; Beijing, Shanghai and four provincial capitals) and four sites in rural areas (the village group ; one village each in Jilin and Shandong Provinces, and two villages in Shaanxi Province). About 50 adult women per site volunteered to participate, from whom 494 valid blood samples were collected. Positivities to HBsAg (HBsAg +), anti HBs (anti HBs +) and anti HBc (anti HBc +) were examined by RIA methods, and that to anti HCV (anti HCV +) by either EIA or RIA. Those positive to any one of the three HBV infection markers were taken as HBV infection positive (HBV +). The prevalence of HBsAg +, HBV + and anti HBc + was 8%, 70% and 2.7% in the city group, and 8%, 65% and 2.0% in the village group, and no significant difference was found between the two groups. The overall prevalence was 8% for HBsAg +, 68% for HBV +, and 2.4% for anti HCV +. The results were discussed in reference to some 20 papers each on HBV + and anti HCV + prevalence in China published since 1991. The reviewing of these papers confirmed that the prevalence of HBV was high (i.e., in excess of 50%), whereas the prevalence of anti HCV was low (well below 5%), and that no substantial difference was found between the rural and urban populations.展开更多
Kiosk is a client centric drop-in centre for TB information and services established in urban and peri-urban (slum) settings to provide outreach services under project Axshya. The main objective of the study was to de...Kiosk is a client centric drop-in centre for TB information and services established in urban and peri-urban (slum) settings to provide outreach services under project Axshya. The main objective of the study was to demonstrate the efficacy and feasibility of scaling-up of the model to provide TB services. The assessment was carried out with the help of project recording and reporting formats used to document the information and services provided in the Kiosk from April 2016 to March 2017. The results from retrospective data analysis for services provided at 20 kiosks benefited 16,871 clients;of these 11,252 (66.7%), 1339 (7.9%), 848 (5%), 2911 (17.2%), (1.4%), 273 (1.6%) benefited with TB information, Flexi-DOT, sputum-collection-transportation (SCT), counselling, and domiciliary care respectively. Through active case finding (ACF);126,893 households were visited and 3593 presumptive-TB-patients received SCT services. A total of 329 TB patients were identified and linked to treatment services of national TB programme. “Kiosk” as a client centric approach would be a novel concept to ensure TB information, TB related services and contribute to ongoing efforts of TB case finding.展开更多
China＇s dietary supplement industry has been expanding at an estimated 20 percent per year with no signs of slowing down. It is currently valued at $15.9 billion, which is the official figure from China＇s Health Car...China＇s dietary supplement industry has been expanding at an estimated 20 percent per year with no signs of slowing down. It is currently valued at $15.9 billion, which is the official figure from China＇s Health Care Association. However, the industry lacks transparency and is riddled with both gray and black market activities that make obtaining an accurate figure difficult.展开更多
With the increasingly large size and forward momentum of China's economy,one would think there has to be a well-developed dietary supplement industry.However, although China has been posting record gains to its GD...With the increasingly large size and forward momentum of China's economy,one would think there has to be a well-developed dietary supplement industry.However, although China has been posting record gains to its GDP,it is far behind the U.S.,E.U.and Japan in regard to a well-defined and prosperous dietary supplement industry.With that said, having an established dietary supplement industry is not the measure by which countries are judged in terms of economic prowess.Nevertheless,having one does reflect a larger percentage of consumers with expendable income seeking a healthier life,which China is in the process of building.One positive sign of China's consumer growth was the recently released consumer spending indicators for March 2011展开更多
Clients on Opioid Substitution Therapy (OST) may be at risk of TB. We screened for tuberculosis in asymptomatic OST clients using Chest-X-ray (CXR) and sputum from those with CXR suggestive of TB were tested using Xpe...Clients on Opioid Substitution Therapy (OST) may be at risk of TB. We screened for tuberculosis in asymptomatic OST clients using Chest-X-ray (CXR) and sputum from those with CXR suggestive of TB were tested using Xpert MTB/Rif. Among 472 who underwent CXR, 0.1% had CXR suggestive of TB. The number needed to screen was 118 clients for one CXR suggestive of TB. All four clients with CXR suggestive of TB underwent MTB/Rif assay and one was diagnosed with TB. The TB patient was asymptomatic and could have been missed through the passive approach. We recommend further studies to explore ACF among OST clients.展开更多
文摘The popularization of health science is an important part of the Plan of Healthy China 2030.It is of great significance to establish the evaluation standard of health works for public in order to solve the problem of mixed quality in the field of health science popularization in China.The scientific evaluation of health science should be based on evidence-based method,according to six aspects:author,evidence selection,evidence application,evidence evaluation,peer review&publishing platform and conflict of interest.
文摘The World Health Organization (WHO) notes that mental illness accounts for 13% of the world’s disease burden, yet most countries under invest despite the social and economic costs of mental illness. It has been suggested that this lack of investment may be a result of stigma. A number of high income countries invest 10% or more in their mental health services. Although Canada is a high income country, its mental health spending is 7.2% according to the WHO Mental Health Atlas. This article will review the factors influencing Canada and its provinces’ under investment in mental health, compare its performance with other countries and make the case on why and how this could change.
文摘Air quality is impacting health in many cities in most countries because of particulate pollution, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide, and ozone. Very small particulates from engine emissions and coal fired electric power plants enter the lungs and pollute the blood of urban residents leading to a burden of disease with more than 3 million premature deaths per year attributed to outdoor air pollution. Welfare losses including premature deaths associated with air pollution were about $5 trillion in 2013. A global transition to electric vehicles, and the generation of electricity without combustion emissions would improve air quality significantly and reduce greenhouse gas emissions. This transition is in progress in many parts of the world with more than 2 million electric vehicles in service in 2017. Electric bus and electric taxi sales are increasing, and many large cities have multiple programs to improve air quality. When health costs are considered, it is very appropriate for communities to take action to improve air quality and health. This work reviews and reports many positive actions that are in progress in larger cities.
文摘China’s health food product industry began about 20 years ago and is currently ranked fourth in sales behind the United States,Japan and Europe.Total sales for 2012 were approximately$15.8 bil-lion,according to figure provided by China Health Care As-
文摘Adequate vegetable intake is important in reducing the risk of lifestyle-related diseases;however, intake amongst young Japanese adults is poor. This study aimed to assess the effect of daily intake of a commercially available vegetable juice on nutritional status and metabolic syndrome-related markers in healthy young adults. Fifty-one healthy adults (14 men, 37 women), age 20 - 22 years were recruited, and their food and nutritional intake was surveyed using an FFQ based on Food Groups. Subjects were divided into either a control group, who were not administered vegetable juice, or an intervention group, who consumed 200 mL vegetable juice daily for 2 months. Anthropometric data, serum carotenoid concentrations, blood and urinary parameters were measured at baseline and at 2 months. The average intake of vegetables in all subjects at baseline was approximately 140 g/day, less than half the dose recommended by the Japanese government. Total serum carotenoid concentration in the intervention group doubled from baseline after 2 months. In particular, serum concentrations of α-carotene, β-carotene, and lycopene were increased. In the intervention group, 24-hour urinary potassium excretion increased significantly, and 24-hour urinary sodium to potassium ratio decreased significantly. Waist circumference and systolic blood pressure also decreased significantly. Daily intake of a commercial vegetable juice for 2 months improved nutritional status in young adults with inadequate vegetable intake, shown by improved serum carotenoid and urine potassium levels. In addition, intake of vegetable juice may be beneficial in reducing the risk of metabolic syndrome.
基金supported by the Christian Health Association of Ghana under Global Fund New Funding Model 3(NFM 3)HIV/TB Community Systems Strengthening programme(CSS)。
文摘Objective:Intimate partner violence(IPV)among people living with the human immune deficiency virus(PLHIV)poses a significant threat to efforts to reduce the spread of human immune deficiency virus(HIV)and achieve the sustainable development goals.In Ghana,scholarly research on the forms and prevalence of IPV is available,however knowledge of the prevalence of IPV among PLHIV is limited.To understand the prevalence of IPV among PLHIV and the intersectional factors that contribute to it,this study examined the overall prevalence of IPV among PLHIV and the associated sociodemographic factors across ten regions of Ghana.Methods:We administered face-to-face survey questionnaires to 661 randomly selected antiretroviral therapy(ART)clients using Research Electronic Data Capture tools.We used descriptive statistics(mean,standard deviation,minimum,and maximum),pairwise correlation,and multivariate regression analysis to look at the data.Results:The clients of ART experienced various forms of IPV,including sexual,physical,emotional,and economic violence and controlling behaviour.The overall prevalence of IPV among PLHIV was 27.5%.This result,although on par with the global IPV average(27%),is 1.5%higher than the national rate(26%).The Upper West Region had the highest prevalence in all the categories of IPV analysed,followed by Oti Region in second place and the Upper East Region in third,except for the prevalence of sexual violence,where Greater Accra Region ranks second.In specific regions of Ghana,sociodemographic factors shaped by patriarchal and economic considerations contribute to a higher prevalence of IPV among people living with HIV.Conclusion:The findings have implications for developing policies and interventions that address the specific factors associated with HIV-induced IPV in different regions of Ghana.These interventions should also include screening PLHIV receiving ART for their IPV status regardless of gender and deploying culturally appropriate education at the community level to foster empathy towards intimate partners living with HIV.
文摘AIM:To evaluate a new single-operator mini-endoscope, Spyglass,for its performance,feasibility and safety in the management of pancreaticobiliary disease. METHODS:In a multicenter retrospective analysis of patients undergoing intraductal endoscopy,we evaluated 128 patients(71 men,mean age 57.6 years).Indications were therapeutic(TX)in 72(56%) and diagnostic(DX)in 56(44%). RESULTS:Peroral endoscopy was performed in 121 and percutaneous in seven.TX indications included CBD stones in 41,PD stones in six,and biliary strictures in 25.DX indications included abnormal LFT’s in 15, abnormal imaging in 38 and cholangiocarcinoma staging in three.Visualization of the stone(s)was considered good in 31,fair in six,and poor in four. Advancement of the electrohydraulic lithotripsy probe was not possible in three patients and proper targeting of the lesion was partial in four patients.A holmium laser was used successfully in three patients.Ductal clearance was achieved in 37 patients after one procedure and in four patients after two procedures.Diagnosis of biliary strictures was modified in 20/29 and confirmed to be malignant in 10/23.Of the modified patients,no diagnosis was available in 17.Spyglass demonstrated malignancy in 8/17 and non-malignancy in nine.Suspected pathology by imaging studies and abnormal LFT’s was modified in 43/63(66%).Staging of cholangiocarcinoma demonstrated multicentric cholangiocarcinoma in 2/3.There was no morbidity associated with the use of Spyglass. CONCLUSION:Spyglass Spyscopeis a first generation, single operator miniature endoscope that can evaluate and treat various biliary and pancreatic tract diseases.
基金the Special Project on“Digital Development of Health”of the Health Information Center of Sichuan Province,China,No.2021ZXKY06007the National Natural Science Fund of China,No.82241054 and 82000613。
文摘BACKGROUND Chronic pancreatitis(CP)is a fibroinflammatory syndrome leading to reduced quality of life and shortened life expectancy.Population-based estimates of the incidence,prevalence,and comorbidities of CP in China are scarce.AIM To characterize the incidence,prevalence,and comorbidities of CP in Sichuan Province,China,with population-based data.METHODS Data on CP from 2015 to 2021 were obtained from the Health Information Center of Sichuan Province.During the study period,a total of 38090 individuals were diagnosed with CP in Sichuan Province.The yearly incidence rate and point prevalence rate(December 31,2021)of CP were calculated.The prevalence of comorbid conditions in CP patients was estimated.The annual number of CPrelated hospitalizations,hospital length of stay,and hospitalization costs for CP were evaluated.Yearly incidence rates were standardized for age by the direct method using the permanent population of Sichuan Province in the 2020 census as the standard population.An analysis of variance test for the linearity of scaled variables and the Cochran-Armitage trend test for categorical data were performed to investigate the yearly trends,and a two-sided test with P<0.05 was considered statistically significant.RESULTS The 38090 CP patients comprised 23280 males and 14810 females.The mean age of patients at CP diagnosis was 57.83 years,with male patients(55.87 years)being younger than female patients(60.11 years)(P<0.001).The mean incidence rate of CP during the study period was 6.81 per 100000 person-years,and the incidence of CP increased each year,from 4.03 per 100000 person-years in 2015 to 8.27 per 100000 person-years in 2021(P<0.001).The point prevalence rate of CP in 2021 was 45.52 per 100000 individuals for the total population,with rates of 55.04 per 100000 individuals for men and 35.78 per 100000 individuals for women(P<0.001).Individuals aged 65 years or older had the highest prevalence of CP(113.38 per 100000 individuals)(P<0.001).Diabetes(26.32%)was the most common comorbidity in CP patients.The number of CP-related hospitalizations increased from 3739 in 2015 to 11009 in 2021.The total costs for CP-related hospitalizations for CP patients over the study period were 667.96 million yuan,with an average of 17538 yuan per patient.CONCLUSION The yearly incidence of CP is increasing,and the overall CP hospitalization cost has increased by 1.4 times during the last 7 years,indicating that CP remains a heavy health burden.
文摘Plastic and polymer additives (PA) have unique rational advantages for various water and food packaging applications. However, their (bio)chemical natures are recently recognized for their negative human health impacts. The major adverse consequence of these additives in consumer products is in the form of endocrine-disruption related health-downgrades. Such findings still remain underappreciated in most parts globally;part of which could be ascribed to fragmented studies towards better understanding on the occurrence, release and migration, human exposure, epidemiology and risk assessment of PA from packaging materials. In addition there is limited and disconnected dissemination of research findings on PA effects and mitigation measures to society at present. In light of appropriateness of this topic, a trans-disciplinary research agenda is required for addressing exposure routes to PA, human health burden and prevention measures. This perspective article discusses important research questions relating to PA, which try to shed light to a grey scientific area and help increase consumers’ awareness and intervention to such exposures.
文摘Breast cancer is a major health problem in the world. It is the most common cancer in women and is equally the leading cause of cancer death in women. Though in controversy Breast self-examination (BSE) remains a useful tool in early diagnosis of breast cancer. The aim of this study was to evaluate the knowledge, attitude and practice of BSE amongst women in Yaoundé and Monatele. We carried out a cross sectional study in two communities of Cameron over a period of eight months, targeting females older than 15 years. After obtaining authorization, we randomly interviewed 402 consenting participants, using a pretested questionnaire. Data were entered using CS Pro 7.3 and analysed using SPSS 23. Of a total of 402 participants, 256 (63.7%) in Monatele and 146 (36.3%) in Yaoundé VI, the mean age was 26.55 ± 9.57 years. Exactly 50% (201) had earlier heard of BSE. Health personnel and media represented the main sources of information on BSE. Of the total, 46 (11.4%) knew BSE should be done monthly. Fifty-three percent had poor knowledge and 51.0% had a generally low attitude towards BSE. Out of 402 participants, 65.2% reported not practicing BSE. For those practicing, 71.6% had poor practices. The main reason for not practicing was lack of knowledge. Poor knowledge increased poor practice. In conclusion half of the women had heard about BSE even though the majority had a poor knowledge on BSE and very low overall attitude and practice. Health personnel and media played a key role in passing of information. Increasing the number of health campaigns, multiplying TV shows and health talks about breast self-examination will improve knowledge and hence attitude and practice.
文摘Background:Tuberculosis remains a major public-health problem in the world, despite several efforts to improve case identification and treatment. Particularly multidrug-resistant tuberculosis is becoming a major threat to tuberculosis control programs in Ethiopia which seriously threatens the control and prevention efforts and is associated with both high death rates and treatment costs. Methods: A case-control study was conducted to assess risk factors and characteristics of MDR-TB cases at ALERT Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, where cases were 167 MDR-TB patients, while controls were newly diagnosed and bacteriologically confirmed pulmonary TB cases of similar number, who were matched by sex and age of 5-years interval. Results: The socio-demographic characteristics of the participants indicated that majority (53.3%) were males and 46.7% females;a little over half of cases (55.1%) were in the age group 26 - 45 years, whereas 46.7% of controls were in this age group. According to the multivariable logistic regression analysis, previous history of hospital admission was the only factor that was identified as predictor which increased risk to develop MDR-TB by almost twenty times (AOR = 19.5;95% CI: 9.17 - 41.62) and P-value of <0.05. All other studied factor such as being unemployed, family size, having member of household member with TB, and history of visiting hospital in past 12 months etc., didn’t show any statistically significant association. Conclusion: The study identified previous history of hospital admission as independent predictors for the occurrence of MDR-TB, while other studied variables didn’t show any strong association. The findings added to the pool of knowledge emphasizing the need for instituting strong infection control practice at health care facilities to prevent nosocomial transmission of MDR-TB.
基金Supported by the Norwegian Health Association,No.12906Scandiatransplantthe South-Eastern Norway Regional Authority,No.2013111
文摘AIM To study exercise capacity and determinants of early peak oxygen consumption(VO_(2peak)) in a cohort of de novo heart transplant(HTx) recipients. METHODS To determine possible central(chronotropic responses, cardiopulmonary and hemodynamic function) and peripheral factors(muscular exercise capacity and body composition) predictive of VO_(2peak), a number of different measurements and tests were performed, as follows: Cardiopulmonary exercise testing(CPET) was performed mean 11 wk after surgery in 81 HTx recipients > 18 years and was measured with breath by breath gas exchange on a treadmill or bicycle ergometer. Metabolic/respiratory measures include VO_(2peak) and VE/VCO2 slope. Additional measures included muscle strength testing, bioelectrical impedance analysis, echocardiography, blood sampling and health-related quality of life. Based on the VO_(2peak)(mL/kg per minute) median value, the study population was divided into two groups defined as a low-capacity group and a high-capacity group. Potential predictors were analyzed using multiple regression analysis with VO_(2peak)(L/min) as the dependent variable.RESULTS The mean ± standard deviation(SD) age of the total study population was 49 ± 13 years, and 73% were men. This de novo HTx cohort demonstrated a median VO_(2peak) level of 19.4 mL/kg per min at 11 ± 1.8 wk postHTx. As compared with the high-capacity group, the low-capacity group exercised for a shorter time, had lower maximal ventilation, O_2 pulse, peak heart rate and heart rate reserve, while the VE/VCO_2 slope was higher. The low-capacity group had less muscle strength and muscular exercise capacity in comparison with the highcapacity group. In order of importance, O_2 pulse, heart rate reserve, muscular exercise capacity, body mass index, gender and age accounted for 84% of the variance in VO_(2peak)(L/min). There were no minor or major serious adverse events during the CPET. CONCLUSION Although there is great individual variance among de novo HTx recipients, early VO_(2peak) measures appear to be influenced by both central and peripheral factors.
文摘 Morbid night crying is often found in infants. Applying acupuncture at Zhongchong (PC 9) point, the author treated 100 infants with morbid night crying and achieved satisfactory therapeutic effects. The results are reported as follows.……
文摘The present study was initiated to make an urban rural comparison of the prevalence of cases positive to hepatitis B and C virus (HBV and HCV, respectively) infection markers in densely populated eastern half of China. For this purpose, 10 survey sites were selected, i.e., six sites in urban areas (the city group; Beijing, Shanghai and four provincial capitals) and four sites in rural areas (the village group ; one village each in Jilin and Shandong Provinces, and two villages in Shaanxi Province). About 50 adult women per site volunteered to participate, from whom 494 valid blood samples were collected. Positivities to HBsAg (HBsAg +), anti HBs (anti HBs +) and anti HBc (anti HBc +) were examined by RIA methods, and that to anti HCV (anti HCV +) by either EIA or RIA. Those positive to any one of the three HBV infection markers were taken as HBV infection positive (HBV +). The prevalence of HBsAg +, HBV + and anti HBc + was 8%, 70% and 2.7% in the city group, and 8%, 65% and 2.0% in the village group, and no significant difference was found between the two groups. The overall prevalence was 8% for HBsAg +, 68% for HBV +, and 2.4% for anti HCV +. The results were discussed in reference to some 20 papers each on HBV + and anti HCV + prevalence in China published since 1991. The reviewing of these papers confirmed that the prevalence of HBV was high (i.e., in excess of 50%), whereas the prevalence of anti HCV was low (well below 5%), and that no substantial difference was found between the rural and urban populations.
文摘Kiosk is a client centric drop-in centre for TB information and services established in urban and peri-urban (slum) settings to provide outreach services under project Axshya. The main objective of the study was to demonstrate the efficacy and feasibility of scaling-up of the model to provide TB services. The assessment was carried out with the help of project recording and reporting formats used to document the information and services provided in the Kiosk from April 2016 to March 2017. The results from retrospective data analysis for services provided at 20 kiosks benefited 16,871 clients;of these 11,252 (66.7%), 1339 (7.9%), 848 (5%), 2911 (17.2%), (1.4%), 273 (1.6%) benefited with TB information, Flexi-DOT, sputum-collection-transportation (SCT), counselling, and domiciliary care respectively. Through active case finding (ACF);126,893 households were visited and 3593 presumptive-TB-patients received SCT services. A total of 329 TB patients were identified and linked to treatment services of national TB programme. “Kiosk” as a client centric approach would be a novel concept to ensure TB information, TB related services and contribute to ongoing efforts of TB case finding.
文摘China＇s dietary supplement industry has been expanding at an estimated 20 percent per year with no signs of slowing down. It is currently valued at $15.9 billion, which is the official figure from China＇s Health Care Association. However, the industry lacks transparency and is riddled with both gray and black market activities that make obtaining an accurate figure difficult.
文摘With the increasingly large size and forward momentum of China's economy,one would think there has to be a well-developed dietary supplement industry.However, although China has been posting record gains to its GDP,it is far behind the U.S.,E.U.and Japan in regard to a well-defined and prosperous dietary supplement industry.With that said, having an established dietary supplement industry is not the measure by which countries are judged in terms of economic prowess.Nevertheless,having one does reflect a larger percentage of consumers with expendable income seeking a healthier life,which China is in the process of building.One positive sign of China's consumer growth was the recently released consumer spending indicators for March 2011
文摘Clients on Opioid Substitution Therapy (OST) may be at risk of TB. We screened for tuberculosis in asymptomatic OST clients using Chest-X-ray (CXR) and sputum from those with CXR suggestive of TB were tested using Xpert MTB/Rif. Among 472 who underwent CXR, 0.1% had CXR suggestive of TB. The number needed to screen was 118 clients for one CXR suggestive of TB. All four clients with CXR suggestive of TB underwent MTB/Rif assay and one was diagnosed with TB. The TB patient was asymptomatic and could have been missed through the passive approach. We recommend further studies to explore ACF among OST clients.
